材料学专业词汇

8.Fracture ：Microscopic Aspects fracture n 断裂microscopic a 微观的macroscopic a 宏观的crack n 裂纹nucleation n 形核propagation n 扩展ductile a 韧性的brittle a 脆性的brittleness n 脆性semi-brittle a 半脆性的failure n 失效coalescence n 连接void n 空洞cross-sectional 横截面的shear v 剪切transgranular a 穿晶的preferentially adv 优先地intergranular a 沿晶的magnification n 放大indentation n 凹陷8。

1morphology n 组织，形态dimple v 生微涡rupture n 断裂necking n 颈缩elastic a 弹性的ceramics n 陶瓷polymer n 聚合物tip n 尖端cleavage fracture 解理断裂grain boundary 晶界crystallographic plane 晶体学面grain n 晶粒craze n 微裂纹tensile a 拉伸的stress concentration 应力集中precursor n 预兆shearing banding 剪切带flow stress 流变应力composite n 复合材料fibrous a 纤维的matrix n 基体reinforcement n增强bonding n 结合compression n 压缩kinking n 扭断mechanism n 机制plastic a 塑性的microbuckling n 微观弯曲8.2mobile dislocation 可动位错interatomic a 原子间的bond n 键cohesive stress 内聚应力perfect crystal 完整晶体Young’s modulus 杨氏模量defect n 缺陷whisker n 晶须immobile a 不可动的slip plane 滑移面restriction n 限制criterion n 判据fiber n 纤维roll v 轧制heterogeneity n 不均匀性striation n 擦痕interior n 内部air bubble 气泡parameter n 参数inflexibility n 不变性dimple n 韧窝triaxial a 三轴的equiaxial a 等轴的elliptical a 椭圆的elastic-plastic 弹塑性qualitative a 定性的stainless steel 不锈钢interfacial bonding 界面结合triaxiality n 三轴,cleavage v 解理，分裂crystallographic a。

结晶学的crystalline n 晶体orientation n。

取向，排列方向facet n 倒角screw dislocation 螺旋位错cleavage step 解理台阶convergence n 会聚face—centered cubic 面心立方体body—centered cubic 体心立方体hexagonal close-packed 密排六方体tungsten n钨molybdenum n 钼chromium n 铬beryllium n 铍magnesium n 镁quench v 淬火temper n 回火annealing n 退火crystal lattice 结晶点阵sensitized a 激活trajectory n 轨迹phosphorus n 磷10 .Recovery and Recrystallization recovery n 回复recrystallization n 再结晶transformation n 转变，相变alloy n 合金melting a 熔化的cold-worked a冷加工的terminal a 终点的curvature n 曲线Gibbs free energy 吉布斯自由能entropy n 熵10。

1stored energy 储存能subgrain n 亚晶impurity n 杂质extrusion n 挤压thermal a 热的inversely proportion 反比例10.2relaxation process 驰豫过程vacancy n 空位interstitial atom 间隙原子vacancy motion 空位移动hardness n 硬度resistivity n 电阻率point-defect 点缺陷self-explanatory a 不解自明的elastic strain 弹性应变stacking faults 堆垛层错lattice defect 点阵缺陷dislocation tangle 位错缠结cellular a 多孔的misoriented a 取向错误的two-dimensional 二维的diffusion n 扩散Laue pattern 劳厄斑diffraction spot 衍射斑点etch—pit technique 点蚀坑技术10。

3vacancy migration 空位迁移self—diffusion 自扩散dislocation climb 位错攀移10.4statistical a统计的fluctuation n波动bulge v凸出来radii radius pl 半径spherical a球的，球形的protrude v（使）突出/伸出incubation n孕育期velocity n速度、速率coincident 同时发生的subboundary 亚晶界10。

5nucleation rate 形核率isothermally ad 等温地impinge vi 撞击linear portion 线形分配nucleus n 核phantom n模型integrate v 求…的积分negligible a可以忽略的modification n修正sigmoid a反曲的decay v衰退metallographic a金属结构的potential n电势、电位mole n摩尔volume n体积coefficient n系数critical a临界的10。

6dashed curve 点划线inverse relationship 反函数关系brass n黄铜fine-grained a细晶的optimize v优化10.7rod n 棒soft solder 软焊剂bend v 弯曲deformation texture 形变织构annealing texture ：退火织构recrystallization texture 再结晶织构cube texture 立方织构mismatch v 错配merit n 优点anisotropy n 各向异性magnetic a 有磁性的sheet n 薄板secondary recrystallization 二次再结晶bracket n方括弧的一边intersection n 交叉点，交点groove n 沟槽retard v 阻止diameter n 直径concave a 凹的steady—state 稳态的fascinating a 吸引人的tungsten n 钨filament n 灯丝thoria n 二氧化钍creep v 蠕变resistance n 阻力undoped a 无搀杂的sketch n 略图interlock v 连接dope v 掺入dopant n 搀杂物sintering n 烧结物volatilize v （使)挥发ingot n 铸锭fiber texture 纤维织构submicroscopic a 亚显微的pore n 气孔Chapter 14 Some Applications of Physical Metallurgymetallurgy n 冶金学manipulate v 操作optimize a 最佳化weld joint n 焊点solder joint n 焊接点device n 仪器14.1strengthening mechanism 强化机制work hardening 加工硬化solid solution hardening 固溶硬化particle hardening 粒子硬化burgers vector 柏氏矢量virtually ad 实际上reciprocal 倒易的flow stress 流动应力foreign atom 异类原子misfit n 错配interstitical a 间隙的symmetrical a 对称的octahedral void 八面体空位unsymmetric a不对称的tetragonal a正方形的screw n螺钉dilatational a膨胀的distortion n扭转，畸变etch v侵蚀dilute hydrofluoric acid 稀释氢氟酸膜14。

2nitrogen n氮reveal v 揭示amorphous a非晶的gauge n标距bulk n整体Charpy impact test 摆锤式冲击试验torch n焊灯horizontal a水平的synonymous a同义的cast iron 铸铁flake n薄片nodular a球状的graphite n石墨quote v引用homogenization n均匀性corrosion n腐蚀weldability n焊接性formability n成形性machinability n可加工性reliability n可靠性whisker 金属晶须pearlitic a珠光体的ultimate a基本的patent n专利lamellar a层状的cellular a多孔的substructure n亚结构latch n板条substitutional a代位的solid-solution hardening 固溶硬化octahedral a八面体的interstitial void 间隙空位dipolar a两极的precipitation hardening 析出硬化sub zero 零度以下的negligible a可忽略的millisecond n毫秒autotempering 自动回火structure hardening 结构硬化lath martensite 板条马氏体dislocation hardening 位错强化plate martensite 片状马氏体residual a 残余的microcracking n显微裂变substantially a实质上redistribution n再分配spontaneous cracking 自发破裂spheroidize v球化eutectoid temperature 共析温度Ostwald ripening process 奥斯特瓦尔德熟化过程Bainite n贝氏体retained austenite 残余奥氏体regain n回伸率age-hardening 时效硬化vanadium n钒molybdenum n钼detrimental a有害的retard v 延迟overaging n过时效cohesion n内聚力ausformed steel 奥氏体钢martensitic steel 马氏体钢high—hardenability 高硬化能力i inherited dislocation 遗传的位错subsequently adv后续的refinement n 细化twinned a形成孪晶的equivalent a相等的stress-true strain diagram 应力－应变曲线neck down 颈缩断开maraging steel 马氏体时效钢decomposition ［化学]分解iron-nickel phase diagram 铁-镍相图binary a 二元的equilibrium n 平衡hysteresis n 迟滞现象heat-treat cycle 热处理循环ageing reaction 时效反应angstrom n埃deoxidaton n 脱氧v-notch v 型缺口silicon n硅postulate v视……为当然decarburization v脱去……的碳preheating n预热post—weld 焊接之后magnetic property 磁性性能slant v（使）倾斜superconductor n超导体。