电气英语翻译专业词汇
电气工程词汇
voltage 电压
current 电流
resistance 电阻
reactance 电抗
impedance 阻抗conductance 电导
inductance 电感
inductor 电感器capacitance 电容
capacitive 电容性的，电容的shunt capacitor 并联电容器
shunt 并联
series 串联
series circuit 串联电路
parallel circuit 并联电路conductor 导线
voltmeter 电压表
ammeter 电流表
arc 电弧
charge n 电荷v充电，带电，起电discharge v 放电
bridge 电桥
valve 电子管deenergize 断路
dielectric 不导电的/绝缘的generator 发电机
motor 电动机
audion 三极管diode 二极管potentiometer 电位器
step-up transformer 升压变压器power system 电力系统,电网transmission line 输电线
breaker 断路器
relay 继电器demodulator 解调器
radiator 散热器ventilation 通风，换气，通风装置alternating relay 交流继电器integrated circuit amplifier 集成电路放大器transistor amplifier 晶体管放大器terminal 端子
amplifier/magnifier 放大器
cable n 电缆v架设电缆fuse 保险丝熔断器interface 接口
amplitude 振幅幅度波幅digital signal 数字信号coupling 耦合
intermittent 周期的dislocation 错位
malfunction 故障
medium 介质
screen 屏蔽
dampen 阻尼
socket 插孔
ground plane 接地层
three-phasen 三相potential difference 电位差
active element 有源元件ideal independent source 理想独立电源watt hour meter 感应线圈frequency changer 变频器control switch 控制开关selector switch 选择开关current transformer 电流互感器power transformer 电力变压器phase voltage 相电压constant voltage source 恒定电压源alternating current 交流电流inverting 反相
out of phase 异相
self-inductor 自感
mutual-inductor 互感
ampere 安培coulomb 库仑
joule 焦耳
resistor 电阻器charger 充电器semiconductor 半导体absolute value 绝对值operating supply voltage 电源工作电压
专业词汇
Isolator 刀闸(隔离开关) Susceptance 电纳
regulator 稳压器
admittance 导纳
rectifier 整流器
busbar 母线
analog signal 模拟信号asynchronism 异步synchronization 同步
armature 电枢
attenuate 衰减
steam-turbine-driven generator 气轮发电机
turbine generator 涡轮发电机magnetic flux 磁通量oscilloscope 示波器
oscillator 震荡器
multimeter 万用表
overlay 叠加效果
rated power 额定功率
power amplifier 功率放大器
active voltage 有效电压
voltage to current converter 电压电流变换器
transformer substation变电站regulation 调节
degree of compensation补偿度
high voltage shunt reactor高抗reactive power compensation无功补偿three-column transformer三绕组变压器double-column transformer双绕组变压器power-factor 功率因数
voltage grade 电压等级
no-load current 空载电流impedance 阻抗
positive sequence impedance正序阻抗negative sequence impedance 负序阻抗zero sequence impedance零序阻抗susceptance 电纳
stator 定子
high voltage 高压
fixed series capacitor compensation固定串联电容补偿
voltage stability 电压稳定angle stability 功角稳定installed capacity 装机容量transformer substation 变电站
degree of compensation 补偿度
line drop compensation（LDC）线路补偿器
circuit theorems 电路定理superposition theorem 叠加定理substitution theorem 替代定理thevenin-Norton Theorem 戴维宁定理electromagnetism 电磁; 电磁学low-frequency amplifier 低频放大器low-frequency bypass 低频旁路voltage distortion 交流电压校准器Single Chip Microprocessor(SCM)单片机alternating current(AC) 交流/交流电adjustable pressure conveyor 调压输送机
allowable load impedance 允许的负载阻抗
closed loop control 闭环控制closed loop voltage gain 闭环电压增益closed-loop gain 死循环增益
clutch 离合器/联轴器commutator/rectifier 整流器
cut off voltage 临界电压
cut-in voltage 闭合电压
dielectric adj. 不导电的/绝缘的dielectric puncture 击穿
electrical durability 电寿命（万次）electromagnetic resonance 电磁感应electromotive force 电动力/电动势positive charge 正电荷
negative charge 负电荷
Automatic Generation Control(AGC) 自动发电控制
Power System Stabilizator(PSS) 电力系统稳定器
polyphase 多相(的)
iron-loss 铁损
armature circuit 电枢电路dynamic response 动态响应time invariant adj.时不变的self-inductor 自感
mutual-inductor 互感
polarity 极性ventilation 通风，换气，通风装置interface 接口demodulator 解调器balance indicator 交流平衡指示器current calibrator 交流电流校准器resistance box 交流电阻箱voltage distortion 交流电压校准器standard resistor 交流标准电阻器
low-frequency bypass 低频旁路
power pool 联合电力系统；联合电网electromagnetism 电磁; 电磁学
core/shell forme 铁心式/壳式potential difference 电位差
dual in-line packages 双列直插式组件automatic control system 自动控制系统torque motor 力矩电动机amplifier using discrete 分离元件放大器
potentiometer 电位器
voltage-current characteristic 伏安特性
topology 拓扑
termocouple 热电偶
exitation 激发;激励;干扰
air-gap 气隙
polyphase n.多相adj. 多相的breakdown torque 失步转矩
locked-rotor torque 止转转矩
nominal frequency 额定频率subtransmission 二次输电
hydro-generation 水力发电
feeder 馈线;馈电电路thermal unit 热力机组
active power balance 有功功率平衡load-frequency control（LFC）负荷频率控制
sychronous condenser 同步调相机tap-changing transformer 可调分接头变压器
tap coil 跳闸线圈
magnetic air circuit breaker 磁吹断路器
automatic generation control （AGC）自动发电控制
circuit board 电路板direct current（DC）直流电
eddy current 涡流
corridor 通路
induced current 感生电流laminated core 叠片铁芯
left-hand rule 左手定则
volt-ampere characteristics 伏安特性simulation analysis 仿真分析
one machine - infinity bus system 单机无穷大系统
Electrical Machinery电机学
Automatic Control Theory自动控制理论Electrotechnics Principle of Circuits 电工学
Electrical Drive and Control电力传动与控制
brownout 节约用电
cathode 阴板、负极
cation exchanger 阳离子交换器circuit breaker 电路断路器
circuit diagram 电路图
coaxial cable 同轴电缆
cooling tower 冷却塔intermediate relay 中间继电器
jumper 跳线、跨接lightning arrestor 避雷器
installed capacity 装机容量instrument panel 仪表盘instantaneous power 瞬时功率
loss of excitation 励磁损失
manual reject 手动切换
overhead line 架空线
plant load factor 电厂负荷因数potential transformer电压互感器overspeed trip 超速跳闸
pyod 热电偶
safe potential 安全电压
shield 屏蔽层
single blade switch单刀开关
star connected system星形连接制"Y" static storage 静态存储器
station capacity 发电厂容量
step-down transformer降压变压器substation 变电站、子站subtransmission 二次输电
thermal power plant 热力发电厂
thumb rule 安培右手定则
trip 跳闸、断开
star connected system星形连接制"Y"
A/C adaptor 电源适配器
analog to digital 模拟/数字转换
ac induced polarization instrument 交流激电仪
adjustable pressure conveyor 调压输送机allowable load impedance 允许的负载阻抗
charge neutrality 电中性区
Charge Termination Voltage 允电端电压/允电端接电压
circuit diagram 电路板
circuit switching 电路交换
closed-loop voltage gain 死循环电压增益connectors 插接器
constant voltage modulation 稳压调节current attenuation 电流减衰装置Current by Phase (AMP) 每相电流current limitative range 电流限制范围
cut off voltage 临界电压
cut-in voltage 闭合电压Discharge Termination Voltage 放电端电压
dropout voltage 跌落电压
eddy current 涡电流electormagnetic braking sytem 电磁制动系统
electric dipole 电偶极子
electric shielding 电屏蔽Frequency Hopping 跳频
input-output control system (IOCS) 输入输出控制系统
offset voltage 失调电压
电气工程及其自动化专业英语(1)重点
电气工程及其自动化专业英语 考试题型：选择10*2 单词翻译10*2 短句翻译5*4 长句翻译4*10 Exercise All the simple circuit elements that will be 在下面进行的工作中我们要研究的简单电路元件,可以根据流过元件的电流与元件两端的电压的关系进行分类。例如，如果元件两端的电压正比于流过元件的电流，即u＝ki，我们就把元件称为电阻器。其他的类型的简单电路元件的端电压正比于电流对时间的导数或正比于电流关于时间的积分。还有一些元件的电压完全独立于电流或电流完全独立于电压，这些是独立源。此外，我们还要定义一些特殊类型的电源，这些电源的电压或电流取决于电路中其他的电流或电压，这样的电源将被称为非独立源或受控源。 It must be emphasized that the linear 必须强调的是线性电阻器是一个理想的电路元件；它是物理元件的数学模型。我们可以很容易地买到或制造电阻器，但很快我们发现这种物理元件只有当电流、电压或者功率处于特定范围时其电压——电流之比才是恒定的，并且这个比值也取决于温度以及其它环境因素。我们通常应当把线性电阻器仅仅称为电阻器。只有当需要强调元件性质的时候才使用更长的形式称呼它。而对于任何非线性电阻器我们应当始终这么称呼它，非线性电阻器不应当必然地被视为不需要的元件。 If a circuit has two or more independent 如果一个电路有两个或多个独立源，求出具体变量值（电流或电压）的一种方法是使用节点分析法或网孔分析法。另一种方法是求出每个独立源对变量的作用然后把它们进行叠加。而这种方法被称为叠加法。叠加法原理表明线性电路某个元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）等于每个独立源单独作用时该元件两端的电压（或流过元件的电流）的代数和。 The ratio of the phase voltage to the 相电压与相电流之比等于电路的阻抗，符号为字母Z，阻抗是一个具有量纲为欧姆的复数量。阻抗不是一个相量，因此不能通过把它乘以e jωt,并取其实部把它转换成时域形式。但是，我们把电感器看作是通过其电感量L表现为时域形式而通过其阻抗jωL表现为频域形式，电容在时域里为电容量C而在频域里为1/jωc，阻抗是某种程度 上的频域变量而非时域变量。 Both wye and delta source connections 无论是星型连接的电源还是三角形连接的电源都有重要的实际应用意义。星型连接的电源用于长距离电力传输，此时电阻损耗(I2R)将达到最小。这是由于星型连接的线电压是三角形连接的线电压的√3倍，于是,对于相同的功率来说，三角型连接的线电流是星形连接的线电流的√3倍。三角形连接的电源使用在根据三相电源而需要的三个单相电路中。这种从三相到单相的转变用在住宅布线中因为家用照明和设备使用单相电源。三相电源用在需要大功率的工业布线中。在某些应用场合，无论负载是星形连接还是三角形连接并不重要。
会计专业词汇英语翻译
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广告英语翻译常用词语
广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚，深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment
顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一，信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良，疗效显著，誉满全球，欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods
财务管理专业英语 句子及单词翻译
Financial management is an integrated decision-making process concerned with acquiring, financing, and managing assets to accomplish some overall goal within a business entity. 财务管理是为了实现一个公司总体目标而进行的涉及到获取、融资和资产管理的综合决策过程。 Decisions involving a firm’s short-term assets and liabilities refer to working capital management. 决断涉及一个公司的短期的资产和负债提到营运资金管理 The firm’s long-term financing decisions concern the right-hand side of the balance sheet. 该公司的长期融资决断股份资产负债表的右边。 This is an important decision as the legal structure affects the financial risk faced by the owners of the company. 这是一个重要的决定作为法律结构影响金融风险面对附近的的业主的公司。 The board includes some members of top management(executive directors), but should also include individuals from outside the company(non-executive directors). 董事会包括有些隶属于高层管理人员(执行董事)，但将也包括个体从外公司(非执行董事)。 Maximization of shareholder wealth focuses only on stockholders whereas maximization of firm value encompasses all financial claimholders including common stockholders, debt holders, and preferred stockholders. 股东财富最大化只集中于股东，而企业价值最大化包含所有的财务债券持有者，包括普通股股东，债权人和优先股股东。 Given these assumptions，shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run。 根据这些假设，从长期来看，股东财富最大化与利益相关者和社会的最好利润是相一致的。 No competing measure that can provide as comprehensive a measure of a firm’s standi ng. Given these assumptions, shareholders’ wealth maximization is consistent with the best interests of stakeholders and society in the long run. 没有竞争措施，能提供由于全面的一个措施的一个公司的站。给这些臆说，股东'财富最大化一贯不比任何人差项目干系人项目利益相关者的利益，社会从长远说来。 In reality, managers may ignore the interests of shareholders, and choose instead to make investment and financing decisions that benefit themselves. 在现实中，经理可能忽视股东的利益，而是选择利于自身的投资和融资决策。 Financial statements are probably the important source of information from which these various stakeholders(other than management) can assess a firm’s financial health. 财务报表可能是最重要的信息来源，除管理者以外的各种利益相关者可以利用这些报表来评估一个公司的财务状况。 The stockholders’ equity section lists preferred stock, common stock and capital surplus and accumulated retained earnings. 股东权益列示有优先股，普通股，资本盈余和累积留存收益。 The assets, which are the “things” the company owns, are listed in the order of decreasing liquidity, or length of time it typically takes to convert them to cash at fair market values, beginning with the firm’s current assets. 资产，也就是公司拥有的东西，是按照流动性递减的顺序或将它们转换为公允市场价值所需要的时间来排列的，通常从流动资产开始。The market value of a firm’s equity is equal to the number of shares of common stock outstanding times the price per share, while the amoun t reported on the firm’s balance sheet is basically the cumulative amount the firm raised when issuing common stock and any reinvested net income(retained earnings). 公司权益的市场价值等于其发行在外的普通股份数乘以每股价格，而资产负债表上的总额则主要是公司在发行普通股以及分配任何再投资净收益（留存收益）时累积的数额。 When compared to accelerated methods, straight-line depreciation has lower depreciation expense in the early years of asset life, which tends to a higher tax expense but higher net income. 与加速折旧法相比,直线折旧法在资产使用年限的早期折旧费用较低，这也会趋向于较高的税金费用和较高的净收入。 The statement of cash flows consists of three sections:(1)operating cash flows,(2)investing cash flows, and(3)financing cash flows. Activities in each area that bring in cash represent sources of cash while activities that involve spending cash are uses of cash. 该声明现金流量表包含三个部分:(1)经营现金流,(2)投资的现金流,(3)融资现金流。在每个地区活动带来现金来源的现金而代表活动涉及到花钱是使用现金 Financing activities include new debt issuances, debt repayments or retirements, stock sales and repurchases, and cash dividend payments. 筹资活动,包括发行新债券，偿还债务，股票销售和回购，以及现金股利支付。 Not surprisingly, Enron’s executives had realized some $750 million in salaries, bonuses and profits from stock options in the 12 months before the company went bankrupt. 毫不奇怪, 公司破产前的十二个月里，安然的高管们实现了7.5亿美金的工资、奖金和股票期权利润。First, financial ratios are not standardized. A perusal of the many financial textbooks and other sources that are available will often show differences in how to calculate some ratios. 首先,财务比率不规范。一个参考的许多金融教科书及来源,可将经常表现出差异如何计算一些率。 Liquidity ratios indicate a firm’s ability to pay its obligations in the short run. 流动性比率表明公司的支付能力在短期内它的义务。 Excessively high current ratios, however, may indicate a firm may have too much of its long-term investor-supplied capital invested in short-term low-earning current assets. 当前的比率过高,然而,可能表明,一个公司可能有太多的长期 investor-supplied资本投资于短期low-earning流动资产 In an inflationary environment, firms that use last-in, first-out(LIFO)inventory valuation will likely have lower current ratios than firms that use first-in, first-out(FIFO). 在一个通货膨胀的环境下,企业选择使用后进先出法对存货计价的公 司比采用先进先出法的公司有一个低的流动比率。 The cash ratio is too conservative to accurately reflect a firm’s liquidity position because it assumes that firms can fund their current liabilities with only cash and marketable securities. 流动比率太稳健不能正确反映一个公司的流动性状况，因为在这一比率假定公司仅仅用现金和有价证券就可以偿还流动负债。 Debt management ratios characterize a firm in terms of the relative mix of debt and equity financing and provide measures of the long-term debt paying ability of the firm. 描述一个公司债务管理比率从相对的混合的债务和股权融资的措施, 提供长期偿债能力的公司。 Total capital includes all non-current liabilities plus equity, and thus excludes short-term debt. 资本总额包括所有非流动负债加上股本,从而排除短期贷款。 Net profit margins vary widely by the type of industry. 有着很大的不同,其净利润为典型的产业。 Note that earnings before interest and taxes, rather than net income, Is used in the numerator because interest is paid with pre-tax dollars, and the firm’s ability to pay current interest is not affected by taxes. 注意,分子中用的是息税前利润而不是净收入，这是因为利息是税前支付的，公司支付现金利息的能力不受税收的影响。 Managers should analyze the tradeoff between any increased sales from a more lenient credit policy and the associated costs of longer collection periods and more uncollected receivables to determine whether changing the firm’s credit sales policy could increase shareholder’s we alth. 管理者应该分析权衡增加的销售从一个更为宽松的信贷政策和相关费用较长的周期和更多的应收账款收集来决定是否改变公司的信用销售的政策可能会增加股东的财富。 If the receivables collection period exceeds a firm’s credit terms this may indicate that a firm is ineffective in collecting its credit sales or is granting credit to marginal customers. 如果应收账款采集时间超过公司的信用条款这也许说明了企业信用销售收集它无效或给予客户信用边缘。 A low, declining ratio may suggest the firm has continued to build up inventory in the face of weakening demand or may be carrying and reporting outdated or obsolete inventory that could only be sold at reduced prices, if at all. 一个低税率、下降率可能显示这个公司已经持续不断地加强库存面对需求不断减弱或可能携带和报告过期或过时的库存,只能减价出售。Thus, the operating profit margin, which indicates the operating profit generated per dollar of net sales, measures t he firm’s operating profitability before financing costs. 因此,经营利润,预示着美元营业利润产生的净销售额,公司的经营利润措施在融资成本。 If the firm’s fixed assets are old and have been depreciated to a low book value, and the assets have not lost their productive ability, the low figure in the denominator will inflate ROA. 如果公司固定资产比较旧,分母的减少会是ROA折旧到低的账面价值，但是资产并没有失去生产能力。 Return on common equity(ROCE) focuses on just the return to common shareholders and is computed by removing the dividends to preferred shareholders from net income and dividing by the capital provided by common shareholders. 普通股权益报酬率仅仅关注普通股股东的报酬率，用净收入扣除优先股股利除以普通股股东提供的资本计算得到。 Dividend yield represents parts of a stock’s total return; another part of a st ock’s total return is price appreciation. 代表部分股息率的股票总回报;另一部分是一个股票的总回报价格上涨。 In fact, of all the concepts used in finance, none is more important than the time value of money, also called discounted cash flow(DCF) analysis. 事实上,财务上所有的概念中，货币时间价值是最重要的，也称作是折现调整现金流量折价分析。
常用专业术语翻译
1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient，另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业：the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出：ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金：clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款：non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包：mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社：credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障：a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度：the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷：export credit 12. 贷款质量：loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法：the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险：take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程：flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易：illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇：foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构：non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税：transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计：foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度：the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全：the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦：excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度：the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策：pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费：basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系：sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制：the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全：economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设：to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求：the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长：fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库：grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业：grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行：closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场：grain sales market 37. 劣质工程：shoddy engineering
会计方面专业术语的英文翻译
会计方面专业术语的英文翻译 acceptance 承兑 account 账户 accountant 会计员 accounting 会计 accounting system 会计制度 accounts payable 应付账款 accounts receivable 应收账款 accumulated profits 累积利益 adjusting entry 调整记录 adjustment 调整 administration expense 管理费用 advances 预付 advertising expense 广告费 agency 代理 agent 代理人 agreement 契约 allotments 分配数 allowance 津贴 amalgamation 合并 amortization 摊销 amortized cost 应摊成本 annuities 年金 applied cost 已分配成本 applied expense 已分配费用 applied manufacturing expense 己分配制造费用apportioned charge 摊派费用 appreciation 涨价 article of association 公司章程 assessment 课税 assets 资产 attorney fee 律师费 audit 审计 auditor 审计员 average 平均数 average cost 平均成本 bad debt 坏账 balance 余额
balance sheet 资产负债表 bank account 银行账户 bank balance 银行结存 bank charge 银行手续费 bank deposit 银行存款 bank discount 银行贴现 bank draft 银行汇票 bank loan 银行借款 bank overdraft 银行透支 bankers acceptance 银行承兑 bankruptcy 破产 bearer 持票人 beneficiary 受益人 bequest 遗产 bill 票据 bill of exchange 汇票 bill of lading 提单 bills discounted 贴现票据 bills payable 应付票据 bills receivable 应收票据 board of directors 董事会 bonds 债券 bonus 红利 book value 账面价值 bookkeeper 簿记员 bookkeeping 簿记 branch office general ledger 支店往来账户broker 经纪人 brought down 接前 brought forward 接上页 budget 预算 by-product 副产品 by-product sales 副产品销售 capital 股本 capital income 资本收益 capital outlay 资本支出 capital stock 股本 capital stock certificate 股票 carried down 移后 carried forward 移下页 cash 现金 cash account 现金账户 cash in bank 存银行现金 cash on delivery 交货收款
新闻英语的词汇特征及中文翻译
新闻英语的词汇特征及中文翻译 摘要：新闻已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的一部分。新闻英语从某种程度上可以说是现代英语的重要组成部分，其语言变化日新月异，新的词汇层出不穷。新闻英语频繁使用新词，包括新事生新词、派生新词汇、旧词衍生新义；广泛使用借用词，如借用外来词，俗语和俚语，地名，人、物名称等；多使用首字母缩略词。英语新闻词汇具有简洁性、可读性以厦新词的广泛运用等特点。新闻英语的这些词汇特点，了解和掌握这些特点，才能提供正确的中文翻译。 关键词：新闻英语词汇特征英译汉 引言 当今世界日新月异，作为世界性语言的英语每天都有大量新词语问世。事实上，现代英语的涵盖范畴正在成百上千倍地被拓展，而英语世界里能够详尽记录这一变迁世界的最佳手段，已经非英语新闻媒体莫属。新闻英语集现代英语之大成，各学科的专业术语，不同领域的行话，民众的饭后闲聊等，新闻英语几乎无所不在。新闻英语作为一种重要跨文化的传播媒介，在语体上有着自己独特的写作风格，从语言上看，也有着自己行业英语明显的特征。在词汇方面，新闻英语有别于其他的写作形式。中国读者一般熟悉从英语教材上学到的比较规范的文字，而对新闻报刊上的新闻体词汇可能较为陌生，这就增加了中国英语习得者阅读和翻译英语新闻报刊的难度。了解和掌握一些新闻英语词汇的特点，才能提供正确的中文翻译。 新闻英语的词汇特点及其翻译 第一，新词的频繁使用。 旧词衍生新义。旧词获得新义也就是一个词获得了新的词义范畴，使原来的表达形式分化来了一个新的词位。新闻英语中，旧词添新义的现象屡见不鲜，随着这些词语的广泛运用，它们也逐步渗入日常生活用语中。例如，海啸(tsunami)本来是指一种灾难性的海浪，通常由震源在海底下50千米以内、里氏震级6.5以上的海底地震引起。水下或沿岸山崩或火山爆发也可能引起海啸。但人们现在借用金融海啸(6nancial tsunami)来形容经济危机。又如，常用的动词(break)有了新词义霹雳舞。再如，在计算机术语中mouse(老鼠)成了鼠标；menu 原指菜馆的菜单，现在为电脑的菜单。还有其他的例子，如：hacker(黑客)原指热衷于深入了解计算机网络内部工作原理的那些程序设计人员，现在常被用于贬义的场合，指那些利用其掌握的技术侵入非公开机构如金融等部门网络进行破坏的人；cool原指凉爽的，现在用来形容比较时尚、新潮甚至另类的年轻人。 上述这三类新词，虽然有时与原义风马牛不相及，但在新闻英语中却层出不穷，大大丰富了新闻英语的词汇。翻译时应有足够的敏感度，以免引起误解和误译。 第二，借用词的大量使用。 借用外来词。在报道第一手新鲜资料时，最先使用外来词汇主要是为了引起读者的兴趣与注意。一方面，外来词表现外国新出现的事物；另一方面，外来词使新闻的时新性更强。随着时间的推移，外来词会渐渐英语化，继而被人们所接受。如blitz原本是德语词，意思是闪电和打雷，后来在英语中指闪电战。又如kungfu一词源于中文，表示功夫、武功，现在在英语中指武术或那些打斗的动作片。外来语的使用填补了英语词汇的不足，翻译时应仔细品味，准确把握其表层意思与深层含义，用相应的汉语进行释译。有时要采用灵活的方法进行翻译，如对于源于日语的英语新词karaoke，在汉译时可以采用特殊的方法，翻译成卡拉
翻译常用词汇
翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好，下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去，浪淘尽，千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋，其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁，恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来，犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦，方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼，百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆，后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足，教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务，成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.