高中英语选修六Unit3
高中英语选修六unit3单词和语法知识讲解
高中英语选修六unit3单词和语法知识讲解
重点词汇内容回顾复习
tough
1）The wire 金属丝is tougher than that. (坚韧的，不易磨损的） 2）You need to be tough enough to survive 生存in the jungle. （坚忍不拔的，吃苦耐劳的） 3） a tough criminal罪犯（粗暴的，凶暴的） 4）tough measures to deal with terrorism恐怖主义（强硬的，严 厉的） 5）a tough assignment 任务/ problem / choice（棘手的，困难的） 6）a tough steak牛排（硬的，老的）
强调谓语以外的成分可使用： It is/was ……that…… It was when I was doing my homework that I saw him sleeping. It was I that/who saw him sleeping in class.
高中英语选修六unit3单词和语法知识讲解
词性转换(n.)： addict n. 吸毒成瘾的人 addiction n. 沉湎、成瘾 addictive adj. 使人上瘾的
用法： addict oneself to sth. 沉溺于某物 be addicted to sth. 专心做某事;上了…..的瘾 be addicted to doing sth.
高中英语选修六unit3单词和语法知识讲解
重点词汇内容回顾复习
addicted adj. “对某某上瘾”, “沉湎于某某”
选修六Unit 3单词及音标
cigarette [ˌsiɡəˈret]n. 香烟；纸烟alcohol ['ælkəhɒl]n. 酒；酒精alcoholic[ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk]dj. 酒精的abuse [əˈbjuz] n. & vt. 滥用；虐待fitness [ˈfɪtnɪs] n. 健康sexual [ˈsekʃuəl]adj. 性的；性别的stress [stres]n. 压力；重音vt. 加压力于；使紧张stressful [ˈstresfl]adj. 产生压力的；紧张的obesity [əʊ'bi:sətɪ]n. （过度）肥胖；肥胖症adolescent [ˌædəˈlesnt]n. 青少年adj. 青春期的adolescence [ˌædəˈlesns]n. 青春期ban [bæn]vt. 禁止；取缔n. 禁令；谴责due [dju:]adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的due to [dju: tu:]由于……tough [tʌf]adj. 困难的；强硬的addicted [ə'dɪktɪd]adj. 入了迷的；上了瘾的addicted to 对……有瘾nicotine [ˈnɪkəti:n]n. 尼古丁accustom [ə'kʌstəm]vt. 使习惯于accustomed [əˈkʌstəmd]adj. 惯常的；习惯了的accustomed to 习惯于……withdrawal [wɪð'drɔ:əl]n.收回；撤退；戒毒（或脱瘾）过程bad-tempered [ˌbædˈtempəd]adj. 脾气暴躁的；易怒的automatic [ˌɔ:tə'mætɪk]adj. 无意识的；自动的automatically [ˌɔ:tə'mætɪklɪ]adv. 无意识地；自动地mental [ˈmentl]adj. 精神的；智力的mentally [ˈmentəli]adv. 精神上；智力上quit [kwɪt]vt. 停止（做某事）；离开effect [ɪ'fekt]n. 结果；效力lung [lʌŋ]n. 肺pregnant [ˈpregnənt]adj. 怀孕的abnormal [æbˈnɔ:ml]adj. 畸形的；异常的breathless ['breθləs]adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的unfit [ʌn'fɪt]adj. 不健康的；不合适的；不合格的strengthen['streŋθən]vt. 加强；巩固；使坚强vi. 变强resolve [rɪ'zɒlv]n. 决心；决定decide on [diˈsaid ɔn]对……作出决定packet [ˈpækɪt] n. 小包；小盒feel like (doing) 想要（做）……relaxation [ˌri:læk'seɪʃn]n. 放松；松弛desperate [ˈdespərət]adj. 绝望的；拼命的chemist [ˈkemɪst]n. 药剂师；化学家gum [ɡʌm]n. 树胶chewing gum [ˈtʃu:ɪŋ]口香糖disappointed [ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd]adj. 失望的；沮丧的weaken ['wi:kən]vi.（对某事的决心）动摇；减弱vt. （使）变弱ashamed [ə'ʃeɪmd]adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的comprehension [ˌkɒmprɪˈhenʃn]n. 理解（力）in spite of [in spait ɔv]不顾；不管take risks (a risk) 冒险get into 陷入；染上（坏习惯）etc (et cetera[et'setərə] )adv.诸如此类的事物；等等appendix [ə'pendɪks]n. 附录；附件illegal [ɪ'li:ɡl]adj. 不合法的；违法的pill [pɪl]n. 药丸；药片robbery ['rɒbərɪ]n. 抢劫；盗窃slippery [ˈslɪpəri]adj. 滑的at risk 处境危险；遭受危险immune [ɪˈmju:n]adj. 有免疫力的survival [səˈvaɪvəl]n. 幸存；幸存者sex [seks]n. 性；性别fluid ['flu:ɪd]n. 液体；流体inject [ɪn'dʒekt]vt. 注射injection [ɪnˈdʒekʃn]n. 注射；注射剂needle ['ni:dl]n. 针；（注射器的）针头spill [spɪl]vi. 溢出；洒落vt. 使溢出；使洒落male [meɪl]adj.男性的；雄性的n. 男人；雄性动（植）物female ['fi:meɪl]adj. 女性的；雌性的n. 雌性的动（植）物；女人condom ['kɒndəm]n. 避孕套homosexual [həʊməˈsekʃuəl]n.同性恋adj. 同性恋的prejudice ['predʒʊdɪs]n. 偏见；成见judgement [ˈdʒʌdʒmənt]n. 看法；判决；判断disco ['dɪskəʊ] n.迪斯科舞会；迪斯科舞厅abortion [əˈbɔ:ʃən]n. 流产；中途失败cigar [sɪ'ɡɑ: ]n. 雪茄烟embarrassed [ɪmˈbærəst]adj. 尴尬的；陷入困境的awkward [ˈɔ:kwəd]adj. 局促不安的；笨拙的142. n. 香烟；纸烟__________143. n. 酒；酒精__________144. adj. 酒精的__________145. n. & vt. 滥用；虐待__________146. n. 健康__________147. adj. 性的；性别的__________148. n. 压力；重音vt. 加压力于；使紧张__________ 149. 产生压力的；紧张的__________150. n.（过度）肥胖；肥胖症__________151. n.青少年adj. 青春期的__________152. n.青春期__________153. vt.禁止；取缔n.禁令；谴责__________ 154. adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的_________155. 由于……__________156. adj. 困难的；强硬的__________157. adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的__________158. 对……有瘾__________159. n.尼古丁__________160. vt.使习惯于__________161. adj. 惯常的；习惯了的__________162. 习惯于……__________163. n.收回；撤退；戒毒（或脱瘾）过程__________ 164. adj.脾气暴躁的；易怒的__________ 165. adj. 无意识的；自动的__________ 166. adv无意识地；自动地__________ 167. adj. 精神的；智力的__________ 168. adv. 精神上；智力上__________ 169. vt.停止（做某事）；离开__________170. n.结果；效力__________171. n.肺__________172. adj.怀孕的__________173. adj.畸形的；异常的__________174. adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的__________ 175. adj不健康的；不合适的；不合格的____ 176. vt.加强；巩固；使坚强vi.变强______177. n.决心；决定__________178. 对……作出决定__________179. n.小包；小盒__________180. 想要（做）……__________181. n.放松，松弛__________182. adj.绝望的，拼命的__________183. 药剂师；化学家__________184. n.树胶__________185. 口香糖__________186. adj. 失望的；沮丧的__________187. vi. 对某事的决心）动摇；减弱vt.（使）变弱__________188. adj. 感到惭愧或羞耻的__________189. n.理解（力）__________190. 不顾；不管__________191. 冒险__________192. 陷入；染上（坏习惯）__________193. adv.诸如此类的事物；等等_______194. (复数-dixes,-dices）n.附录；附件__________ 195. adj.不合法的；违法的__________196. n.药丸；药片__________197. n.抢劫；盗窃__________198. adj.滑的__________199. 处境危险；遭受危险__________200. adj.有免疫力的__________201. n.幸存；幸存者__________202. n.性；性别__________ 203. n.液体；流体__________204. vt.注射__________205. n.注射；注射剂__________206. n.针；（注射器的）针头__________207. vi.溢出；酒落vt.使溢出；使酒落__________ 208. adj.男性的；雄性的n.男人；雄性动（植）物__________ 209. adj. 女性的；雌性的n.雌性的动（植）物；女人__________210. n.避孕套__________211. n.同性恋adj. 同性恋的__________212. n.偏见；成见__________213. n.看法；判决；判断__________214. n.迪斯科舞会；迪斯科舞厅__________215. n.流产；中途失败__________216. n.雪茄烟__________217. adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的__________218. adj.局促不安的；笨拙的__________142. cigarette n. __________143. alcohol n. __________144. alcoholic adj. __________ 145. abuse n. & vt. __________ 146. △fitness n. __________ 147. △sexual adj. __________148. stress n. vt. __________ 149. △stressful adj. __________ 150. △obesity n. __________151. adolescent n. adj. __________ 152. adolescence n. __________ 153. ban vt. n. __________154. due adj. __________155. due to __________156. tough adj. __________157. addicted adj. __________ 158. addicted to __________159. △nicotine n. __________160. accustom vt. __________ 161. accustomed adj. __________ 162. accustomed to __________163. withdrawal n. __________164. △bad-tempered adj. _________ 165. automatic adj__________. 166. automatically adv. __________ 167. mental adj. __________168. mentally adv. __________ 169. quit vt. __________170. effect n. __________171. lung n. __________172. pregnant adj. __________ 173. abnormal adj. __________ 174. breathless adj. __________ 175. unfit adj. __________176. strengthen vt. vi. __________177. △resolve n. __________ 178. decide on __________179. packet n. __________180. feel like (doing) __________ 181. △relaxation n. __________ 182. desperate adj. __________ 183. chemist n. __________184. △gum n. __________185. △chewing gum __________186. disappointed adj. __________ 187. △weaken vi. vt. __________ 188. ashamed adj. __________189. comprehension n. __________ 190. in spite of __________191. take risks (a risk) __________192. get into __________193. etc (et cetera) adv. __________ 194. appendix(复-dixes,-dices）n. ________ 195. illegal adj. __________196. pill n. __________197. △robbery n. __________198. △slippery adj. __________199. at risk __________200. △immune adj__________.201. survival n. __________202. sex n. __________203. △fluid n. __________204. △inject vt. __________205. △injection n. __________206. needle n. __________207. spill （spilt, spilt）vi. vt. __________ 208. male adj. n. __________209. female adj. n. __________210. △condom n. __________211. △homosexual n. adj. ______212. prejudice n. __________213. judgement n. __________214. △disco n. __________215. abortion n. __________216. cigar n. __________217. embarrassed adj. __________ 218. awkward adj. __________。
人教版高中英语选修六Unit3Ahealthylife-词汇篇(教师版)
人教版高中英语选修六Unit3Ahealthylife-词汇篇(教师版)Unit3 A healthy life-词汇篇__________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______1.掌握重点词汇的搭配及用法，能够正确完成基础类型题。
2.掌握重点句型的用法，会模仿句型进行写作。
单词讲解：1.abusen.滥用，妄用；虐待，辱骂vt.滥用，妄用，虐待e.g. He abused his power while in office.他在职时滥用权力。
XXX.那些俘虏遭受了肉体上的摧残drug abuse滥用child abuse虐待儿童abuse one’XXX power滥用权柄/权利abuse a privilege滥用特权2.stress1）n.压力;重音,重读be under (the) stress (of)在压力下suffer from stress蒙受压力the XXX现代生活的压力和紧张夸大,严重性e.g. Some school lay / put /place XXX.2）vt.加压力于;重读;强调XXX of the task.3.ban1）n.禁令,禁止a XXX2）vt.禁止,取缔ban sb. from (doing) XXX公布禁令XXX解除禁令XXXe.g. Our government has put/ imposed a ban on plastic bags.4.due to归因于,归功于XXX is due to your careless driving.那意外事故归因于你驾驶不小心。
be due to do sth定于某时做某事e.g. He is due to XXX.可以被caused by所代替The train is due in five minutes.(预定的，预期的）XXX XXX.（到期的，立即支付的）In due course在适当的时候after XXX经适当考虑之后because of “由于”,较口语化，只作状语owing to较正式，须用逗号与主句离隔thanks to “多亏了”，多用于正面的意义as a result of “因为”as a result副短, “因此”XXX副词, “因而”so并列连词, “因此”because of ,due to , owing to , on account of和thanks to的用法比较这一词都表示“由于”的意思，在使用时应该注意以下区别：1. because of意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。
选修六 unit3 知识点
选修六unit3 知识点1.get into 陷入，染上坏习惯；养成某种习惯，对……产生兴趣2. due to 由于be due to do sth. 预期due to sb. 应支付，欠下3. have an / little / no effect on 对……（有/几乎没有/无）影响Come into effect / take effect 生效(通常用于主动语态)Bring / carry / put ……into effect 使……生效，实现……（常用于被动语态）4. feeling like doing sth. / sth. 想要做……5. place / put / lay stress on sth. 着重，强调，把重点放在……6.be / become addicted to sth. 沉溺于某事be addicted to doing sth. 专心做某事7. be / become / get accustomed to doing 习惯于……be / become / get accustomed to not doing8. quit + 名词/代词/动词ing “停止做某事”quit smoking 戒烟9. manage to do sth. = succeed in doing sth. 设法得以做成某事一般用于过去式Try to do sth. 尽力做某事（但并不一定能取得成功）Try doing sth. 尝试做某事（只想试试看）10. at the risk of doing 冒着做某事的风险Take a risk / run the risk of doing sth. 冒险At risk 有危险At your own risk 后果自负Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事Risk one’s life to do 冒生命危险去做……11. there is no doubt that ……毫无疑问……12. It takes sb. ……to do sth. 花某人……做某事选修六unit3 知识点1.get into 陷入，染上坏习惯；养成某种习惯，对……产生兴趣2. due to 由于be due to do sth. 预期due to sb. 应支付，欠下3. have an / little / no effect on 对……（有/几乎没有/无）影响Come into effect / take effect 生效(通常用于主动语态)Bring / carry / put ……into effect 使……生效，实现……（常用于被动语态）4. feeling like doing sth. / sth. 想要做……5. place / put / lay stress on sth. 着重，强调，把重点放在……6.be / become addicted to sth. 沉溺于某事be addicted to doing sth. 专心做某事7. be / become / get accustomed to doing 习惯于……be / become / get accustomed to not doing8. quit + 名词/代词/动词ing “停止做某事”quit smoking 戒烟9. manage to do sth. = succeed in doing sth. 设法得以做成某事一般用于过去式Try to do sth. 尽力做某事（但并不一定能取得成功）Try doing sth. 尝试做某事（只想试试看）10. at the risk of doing 冒着做某事的风险Take a risk / run the risk of doing sth. 冒险At risk 有危险At your own risk 后果自负Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事Risk one’s life to do 冒生命危险去做……11. there is no doubt that ……毫无疑问……12. It takes sb. ……to do sth. 花某人……做某事。
人教版高中英语【选修六】[知识点整理及重点题型梳理] Unit 3 A healthy life语言
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人教版高中英语选修六知识点梳理）巩固练习重点题型（常考知识点Unit3A healthy life语言点学习目标重点词汇abuse,stress,ban,quit,effect,strengthen,desperate,disappointed,ashamed,risk重点短语due to,be addicted to,be accustomed to,decide on,in spite of,get into,tak e off,feel like重点句型As you know...do构成的强调知识讲解重点词汇abuse【原句回放】Drug ab u se滥用药物【点拨】abu se n.&vt.滥用，虐待，辱骂He was arrested on the charge of abuse of power.他因滥用权力罪而被捕。
Child abu se is widespread in this country.这个国家虐待儿童的情况很普遍。
I’ll lend you my camera but don’t abuse it.我会把照相机借给你，但你得爱惜使用。
【拓展】前缀ab-，常表示“偏离，远离，不”或用于加强语气。
abu se=ab（偏离）+use（使用）abnormal不正常的=ab（不）+normal（正常的）abortion流产=ab（不）+bor（born的变体，出生）+tion（名词后缀）abo ar d上船=ab（加强语气to）+board（板子、甲板）stress【原句回放】Stress压力【点拨】stress n.（精神）压力，紧张，重音vt.着重，强调，重读常用搭配：under the stress of...为......所迫，在......压力下lay/place/put stress on...把重点放在......上Stress is o ften a factor in the development of long-term sickness.压力经常是疾病长期不愈的因素。
人教版英语选修六第三单元课文翻译原文
人教版英语选修6第三单元课文原文及翻译Unit 3 A healthy life 第三单元健康生活ReadingADVICE FROM GRANDADDear James,It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden. I have just returned from a long bike ride to an old castle. It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon. It's my birthday in two weeks time and I'll be 82 years old! I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.This brings me to the real reason for my letter, my dear grandson. Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up. Believe me, I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop. You see, during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.By the way, did you know that this is because you become addicted in three different ways? First, you can become physically addicted to nicotine, which is one of the hundreds of chemicals in cigarettes. This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it. So when the drug leaves your body, you get withdrawal symptoms. I remember feeling bad-tempered and sometimes even in pain. Secondly, you become addicted through habit. As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically. Lastly, you can become mentally addicted. I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked. I was addicted in all three ways, so it was very difficult to quit. But I did finally manage.When I was young, I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking. I didn't know, for example, that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant. I certainly didn't know their babies may have a smaller birth weight or even be abnormal in some way. Neither did I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non-smokers. However, what I did know was that my girlfriend thought I smelt terrible. She said my breath and clothes smelt, and that the ends of my fingers were turning yellow. She told me that she wouldn't go out with me again unless I stopped! I also noticed that I became breathless quickly, and that I wasn't enjoying sport as much. When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit, I knew it was time to quit smoking.I am sending you some advice I found on the Internet. It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve. I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.Love fromGrandadHow can you stop smoking?It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you. Here are a few suggestions.Prapare youself. Decide on a day to quit. Don’t choose a day that you know is going to be stressful, such as the day of an exam. Make a list of all the benefits you will get from stopping smoking. Then throw away your last packet of cigarettes.Be determined. Every time you fell like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. Reread the list of benefits you wrote earlier.Break the habit. Instead of smoking a cigarette, do something else. Go for a walk, clean your teeth, frink some water, clean the house; in fact, do anything to keep ypur mind and especially your hands busy.Relax. If you start to feel nervous or stressed, do not raech for a cigarette. Try some deep breathing instead. Do some relaxationg exercises every time you feel stressed.Get help if you need it. Arrange to stop smoking with a friend so you can talk about your problems,or join a stop-smoking group. If you feel desperate , you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you, like nicotine chewing gum.Keep trying. Don’t be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking. If you weaken and have a cigarette,do not feel ashamed. Just try again. You will succeed finally.爷爷的忠告亲爱的詹姆士：今天，这儿天气晴朗。
高中英语(人教版)选修六 Unit3 A Healthy Life-reading课件 (共32张PPT)
Summarize the advice to stop smoking:
Choose a day that is not __s_tr_e_s_s_f_u_l _ to quit smoking. Make a list of all the _b_e__n_e_fi_ts___ you
will get from stopping smoking. T_h_r_o_w a_w__a_y all
寿光一中 பைடு நூலகம்爱军
We’re suffering too much stress.
Question:
Are you a healthy person?
What is a healthy person?
A healthy person is someone who is healthy in both body and mind. A healthy life should include_ph_y_s_ic_aal nd _m_e_n_ta_lhealth.
Because he wanted to help James
_g_iv_e__u_p_s_m__o_k_i_n_g_.
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Read para3 and fill in the blanks
Information from the reading
passage
__Fir_st_____(首先) ，
become _______________
★3. affect their babies’_________ ★ 4. affect the health of ______________
5. smell _________ 6. have the ends of the fingers turn _________ 7. become ____________ quickly
人教高中英语选修六课件：Unit3+A+healthy+life+知识点学案
3．ban vt.禁止，取缔 n．禁令；谴责 [教材P17] Do you think smoking should be banned？你 认为吸烟应该被禁止吗？
a ban on sth.
关于某事的禁令
ban sth.
取消某事
ban sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
①The students here are banned from bringing cellphones to school.这儿的学生不允许带手机到学校。
②He stressed the importance of a good education.的介词填空 ①He began smoking again when __________stress. [答案] under ②She laid great stress __________proper behaviour. [答案] on
②There is a ban on talking loudly in the library.图书馆内 禁止大声喧哗。
[联想拓展] 我们已学过的forbid一词也有“禁止”之 意，其构成的词组有哪些？
________________________________________________ ________________________
酗酒 虐待儿童 滥用权力 背信弃义
①Child abuse is not allowed in our country.在我们国家是 不允许虐待孩子的。
②He abused his power when he worked as a manager.他在 任经理时滥用权力。
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一、Unit 3 A healthy life单词拼写（须用本单元的单词和词汇）1.The accident is d_____ to your careless driving.2.My children have become hopelessly a_________ to television.3.She found it necessary to a__________ her child to getting up early.4.He was a_______ of his body so he decided to go on a diet and do more exercise.5.With exams only a week away, I am under a lot of s_____.6.M______ health is as important as physical health.7.Now that I am p________，I eat a good diet because I want my baby to be born healthy.8.So I did the wrong thing! Well, nobody is _________(完美的)9.My father has q_____ smoking.10.The door opened _______(自动地) as we approached.11.Some ______ (年青人)have got into the habit of taking drugs.12.In spite of the heavy rain, she m________ to get there on time.2.I’m sorry for_______ the important point in your speech3.His grandfather has _______________ life in the mountains from his childhood.4.I benefited from my teacher’s advice5.How do you______________ to carry such a heavy box?6.These pictures ______ me of my school days.7.I have ________________ buying a bike for my brother’s birthday.8.You will be _________ , if you go on board in such bad weather.9.His success is entirely _______ his hard work.三. 句子翻译。
1.她名扬四海应归功于他的支持。
Her worldwide fame is __________his support.2.她觉得有必要让孩子养成早起的好习惯。
She found it necessary to________ her child _________getting up early.3.尽管戴着眼镜她还是不能看得很清楚。
in spite ofShe can’t see very well_________ her glasses.4.今天好热啊, 我想去游泳。
It’s so hot today. I______________ going swimming.5.那个女孩养成了阅读时玩弄头发的习惯。
The girl has____________ the habit of playing with her hair while reading.6.她一怀孕就戒了烟。
She __________smoking when she got pregnant.二．语法（一）it 用于表示金额“I had to pay ten dollars for this bowl.”“It’s probably worth.”（二）it 作形式主语，代替从句It is comparatively easy to distinguish between lizards and snakes.It takes nearly thirty years for the planet Saturn to complete one orbit.（三）it 作形式主语，代替从句It is true that as both birds and animals become larger, their metabolic rates per unit of tissue decrease. （四）it 作形式宾语，代替不定式（短语）Chemicals find it easy to detect and measure the amount of chlorine in any given water supply. （五）it用于引导强调句It was in 1777 that Vermont, threatened with invasion, declared itself an independent commonwealth. （六）it指代上文提到过的事I was disappointed with the film, I had expected it to be much better.考点一：it/that/one用法区别（it主要指代前面提到的同一物；one用来指代前面出现的单数名词，相当于a/an+单数名词，表泛指概念，往往是同类而同一物；that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the＋单数/不可数名词）1. My most famous relative of all, _______ who really left his mark on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather. (2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江苏卷)A. oneB. the oneC.he D. someone解析：the one作同位语，指代上文中的my most famous relative of all。
one作代词表示泛指，泛指某人或某物。
he作主语，不作同位语。
someone意为“某人”，泛指某人。
2. I prefer a flat in Inverness to _______in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's. (2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语天津卷)A. oneB. thatC.it D. this解析：one指代上文中的flat。
3. I'm moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than________ in the city. (2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江苏卷)A. onesB. oneC. thatD. those解析：that指代上文中的the air。
因为air是不可数名词，不能用one 或those指代。
另外，在比较状语从句中，常常用that指代单数名词，用those指代复数名词。
4. We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found _______ we like yet. (2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语浙江卷)A. oneB. onesC. itD. them解析：one指代上文提到的house。
因为house是可数名词，所以要用one指代。
ones表示许多房子。
5.Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. (2005年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语江西卷)A. oneB. onesC. itD. those解析：前面说problems，所以后面用ones来指代它。
6. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ______from some wood. (2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅰ)A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another7. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _______ I will always treasure. (2002年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷)A. thatB. oneC. itD. what8.—Why don’t we take a little break？ (2000年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷)—Didn’t we just have ？A. itB. thatC. oneD. this9.―Why don’t we take a little break? (2000年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语广东卷)―Didn’t we just have ？A. itB. thatC. oneD. this考点二：it用在某些动词后代替其后的从句10. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语山东卷)A. thatB. itC. thisD. you解析：it指代用来泛泛地指某事，可用于如I like it, I appreciate it等类似的句子。
表示喜欢和赞赏某事。
it和that均可指代前面提到的名词或事，it是人称代词，可指代同名同物，指代有不定冠词的或有其他限定词的单数可数名词，也可指代一件具体的事；that是指示代词，常指代有定冠词的单数可数名词和不可数名词，也可指代刚提到的一件具体事。
11.I like______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅱ)A. thisB. thatC. itD. one12. I hate when people talk with their mouths full. (1998年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷)A. itB. thatC. theseD. them考点三：用于强调句或固定句型（it is/was…when/since/before…）中13.Why!I have nothing to confess.______ you want me to say? (2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷)A. What is it thatB. What it is thatC. How is it thatD. How it is that考点四：作形式宾语或形式主语（主要代替ving,to do或从句）14.As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _________her duty to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town. (2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语湖南卷)A. thisB. thatC.one D. it解析：it作形式宾语，to look after all the other people’s affairs in that town作真正的宾语。