宾语从句基本用法及练习题
基本用法
宾语从句
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句
结构：主语+谓语+宾语（陈述句语序）、从属连词。
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether，和特殊疑问词（what， how， where， when等)。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，
if和whether，whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年上大学。
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车。
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没有人知道他是否会通过考试。
Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.
那时老师们在问我是否曾去过那里。
宾语从句的基本用法
名词性从句在复合句中作谓语动词、非谓语动词、介词的宾语时被称为宾语从句。高考中常见的宾语从句包括以下几种情况：
1. that引导的宾语从句(that经常可以被省略)，例如：
His mother said (that) Saul Grant was a music critic. 他母亲说索尔格兰特是个音乐评论家。
把握that引导的宾语从句要注意以下特殊情况：
(1) 宾语从句(通常是由that引导的宾语从句)常置于句末并用it作形式宾语。例如： We think it important that Mary should tell the truth. 我们认为玛丽说出实情很重要。// I have made it clear that we’ll sign the contract with your company. 我已讲得很清楚：我方将与贵公司签订这个合约。
(2) that 从句作介词宾语只用于except that和in that结构。例如：His report is correct except that some details are omitted. 除了有些细节未提到之外，他的报道是正确的。// Criticism and
self’criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes. 批评和自我批评是必要的，因为它能帮助我们改正错误。
(3) allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等及物动词后可以接不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以接that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (√)
I admire that they won the match. (菖)
2. 与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句，这包括：
(1) 动词(＋间接宾语)＋与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句。常用于这种句型的动词有see, know, wonder, show, ask, tell, decide, find out, imagine等。例如： Tell me how you went to school. 告诉我你怎么去上学的。// John wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday. 约翰不知道为什么警察局要他去，但昨天他还是去了。
(2) 介词＋与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句。例如： I am not interested in what he is doing. 我对他做的事不感兴趣。// He will write a book on how Chinese people learn English. 他将写一本中国人如何学英语的书。
(3) be＋形容词＋与疑问词形式相同的连词引导的宾语从句(这种结构中的“be＋形容词”可以被视为发挥着及物动词的作用，其后的从句具
有宾语从句的性质)，例如：Are you certain that you’ll get there in time 你有把握及时赶到那里吗// He was disappointed that he failed to get the master degree. 他很失望没有获得硕士学位。
3. whether与if引导宾语从句时一般可以互换，例如： The boss asked me whether/if she was qualified for the task. 老板问我她是否胜任这项任务。
关联词
关联代词
关联代词主要有
who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whicheve r等。
关联代词一般指疑问但what,whatever除了指疑问外也可以指陈述。
Do you know who has won Red Alert game
你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏吗
The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么。
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cellphone
你决定好是买诺基亚还是买摩托罗拉的电话吗
关联副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等。
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到。
二、动词的宾语从句
大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect they will win,for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢因为他们的队员更强壮。
He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中他们都会帮忙的。
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了。
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有
make sure 确保
make up one’s mind 下决心
keep in mind 牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误。
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为我们每天多喝开水是有必要的。
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会感觉非常遗憾。
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯。
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it双宾语
这类动词主要有hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,
mail,offer,pass,pay,post,read,return,show,teach,tell
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行。
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的。
When you start the engine,you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。
③若宾语从句是wh-类则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。
Can you tell me if there any shop here?
你能告诉我这里有商店吗
三、介词的宾语从句
用whether之类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
The new book is about how Shenzhou six manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的。
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班其他一无所知。
四、形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词具有动词的含义所以也可以带一个宾语从句例如
1. I am sorry I am late.
I am glad that you can join us.
Are you sure his answer is right?
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试。
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你。
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他。
五、if与whether
1)whether和if常用来引导宾语从句这时两者的含义区别很小一般可通用。例如①I don't know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他们是否来帮助我们。②I am not sure whether/if I'll have time to go with you. 我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。上面两句无区别。但是当whether与or not连成一个词组时whether不可换用if。例如③I don't know whether or not they will come for our help. 我不知道他们是否要来求我们支援。【注意】若whether和or not不连在一起在口语中可以用if取代whether当然也可以用whether。例如④I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time. 我没有把握火车是否准时到达。⑤I don't care if/whether your car breaks down or not. 我不在乎您的车是否是会出故障。此外还有三种情况值得注意(1)在介词后面只能用whether不能用if。例如①This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 这件事要看我们是否有决心去做。②It depends on whether he is ready. 这件事要看他是否有准备。③I am not interested in whether you'll come or not. 你来不来我不感兴趣。④We
haven't settled the question of whether we'll renew our supplies of coal for factory. 是否要为我们工厂补充一些煤这个问题我们还没
有决定。(2)在动词不定式之前只能用whether不能用if。例如①He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不能知道是否要留下来。②She doesn't knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。(3)在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中只能用whether 不能用if。例如①We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我们讨论了是不是要对我们的计划作一些修改。②We were discussing whether we should discuss the business with them. 我
们正在讨论我们是否要和他们谈这个生意。2)引导主语从句时只能用whether不能用if。例如①It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否来还不知道。②Whether the news is true remains a question. 这
个消息是否真实仍然是个问题。3)引导表语从句时只能用whether不能用if。例如①What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow. 我们想知道的是他明天是否来给我们讲话。②The
question is whether they can take our advice. 问题是他们是否能接受我们的意见。4)引导同位语从句时常用whether。例如①The question whether we'll build another lecture building hasn't been settled. 是否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。②The question whether he'll come is unknown. 他是否来的问题还不知道。5)可以用来引导一个否定
的宾语从句whether则不能用来引导否定的宾语从句因为它表示正反两方面的选择意义比较强。例如①Tell me if it is not going to rain, please.
请告诉我明天是否不会下雨。②He considered if he shouldn't tell her the secret. 他考虑他是否不该告诉她这个秘密。6)if除引导宾语从句外还可以引导条件状语从句作“是否”解。在容易引起混淆产生歧义的情
况下就不可用if而须用whether。例如Please let me know if you intend to come.这个句子有两种解释A“请让我们知道你是否想来。” B“如果你打算来请让我们知道。” 第一种解释是把if引导的从句看作宾语从句把动词know视为及物动词(vt)第二种解释是把if引导的从句当作条件状语从句把动词know看作不及物动词(vi)。在口语中我们可以通过语调来表示两者的区别但是在书面语中无上下文(如一张便条上写着这句话)那
就含混不清了。如果我们想表达的第一种含义就得用whether来改写第一句。①Please let me know whether you intend to come. 又如②Let me know whether he has left for Shanghai. 告诉我他是否已经去上海了。
③Let me know if he has left for Shanghai. 如果他去上海请告诉我一声。此外whether还可以引导让步状语从句作“无论、不管”解这儿就略而不谈了!
六、不省略引导词that
当that作
learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时
当宾语从句较长时
当主语状语置于主句尾宾语从句之前时
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时此时第一个that可以省略第二个that不可以省略
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时
在直接引语中转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
当that在从句中充当主语时
七、否定转移
宾语从句的反意疑问句主句的谓语动词是
think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时从句的否定词一般要转移到主
句上来其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
I don’t believe that man i s killed by Jim.
我相信那人不是Jim杀的。
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.通常我们称为否定前疑。
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课是不是
八、时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know which country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书可不知道是哪个国家。
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读《老人与海》。
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary。
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱。
④如果从句是一个客观真理那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮围着地球转。
⑤当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时不能按正常语序安排经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手
宾语从句是最常用的语法之一,无论任何时候都为陈述语序。
练习题
［考题1］ With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
［考题2］ I was surprised by her words, which made me recognize ____ silly mistakes I had made.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. which
［考题3］ I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited.
A. why it does
B. what he does
C. how it is
D. what it is
［考题4］ The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough.
A. where
B. how
C. what
D. which
［考题5］ When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly ____ he wants.
A. what
B. which
C. when
D. that
［考题6］The old lady’s hand shook frequently. She explained to her doctor ____ this shaking had begun half a year before, and ______, only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.
A. when; how
B. how; when
C. how; how
D. why; why
［考题7］ We cannot figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that
B. as
C. why
D. when
［考题8］We haven’t settled the question of ____ it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A. if
B. where
C. whether
D. that
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me ____ light ____ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know .
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture Who knows
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car Do you know
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say
He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week
B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine
D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from
B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back
D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car
B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car
D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew_______.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year
D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________
A. where do you live
B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for
D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ____the boy alone.
A.why she left
B. why did she leave
B.C. why she had left D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise
B. rose
C. rises
D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A.why did he get
B.why he gets
B. C.why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see _________
A. what was the matter
B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is
D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father ___.
A. where it happens
B. where did it happen
C. how it happened
D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do
B. what should we do
C. how to do it
D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check
B. to check
C. how to check
D. to how checking ( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that
B what
C why
D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set