完整版高中定语从句详细讲解

高中左语从句详细讲解

（一）泄义及相关术语

1. 泄语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫立语从句。泄语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先 行词之后。

2. 先行词：被左语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3. 关系词：引导左语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等：关系 副词有 when, where, why 等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句：B 、代替先行词：C 、在左语从句中 担当一个成分。例如：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman ・ 该句 中, who is shaking hands with my father 是立语从句，修饰先行词the man» “who"是引导左语从句的关系 词，代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。

（-）关系代词引导的左语从句

1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。

The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。

Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.

想 去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。

Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.

That is the teacher who teaches us physics.

2. whom 指人，在泄语从句中做宾语，常可省略。

Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 上谈论的那个人。

Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises isour monitor.

老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 那就是教我们物理的老师。 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车 你正在等的教授已经来了。

李明正是我想要见的男孩。

的班长。

注意：关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。

The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

3.Which指物，在泄语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。

Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。

The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造讣算机的那家公司离这儿很

远。

He likes to read books which are written byforeign writers. 他喜欢外国作家写的书。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。

This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday・这是他昨天买的钢笔。

The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一

点意思也没有。

4.That指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在泄语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。

The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。

Where is the man that / whom I sawthis morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？

The person that /whom you introduced to me isvery kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。

The season that/which comes after springis summer.春天以后的季节是夏季。

Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大

利亚的信。

5.Whose通常指人，也可指物，在左语从句中做龙语。

I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。

He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友°

I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在那幢屋顶已经倒塌了的房子里。

注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替:

The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired・