2023年福建省统一高考英语试卷(新高考Ⅰ)含答案解析
2023年新高考英语试卷真题(I卷)
2023年新高考I卷英语试卷真题2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国新高考I卷)(使用地区:山东、广东、福建、湖南、湖北、河北、江苏、浙江)阅读理解D篇On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel eachother out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms.the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折)on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimatesof four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain. the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people's errors.D.The design of Galton's experiment.A. the crowds were relatively smallB.there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD.estimates were not fully independent14. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B.The dominant membersC.The discussion process.D.The individual estimates.15. What is the author's attitude toward Navajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D.Approving参考答案:BDCD解析:12.B。
2024年全国统一高考英语试卷(新课标Ⅰ卷)含答案
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）英语（适用省份：福建、湖南、湖北、河北、广东、山东、江苏、江西、河南、安徽）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt？A. £19. 15.B. £9. 18.C. £9. 15.答案是C。
1. What is Kate doing？A. Boarding a flight.B. Arranging a trip.C. Seeing a friend off.2. What are the speakers talking about？A. A pop star.B. An old song.C. A radio program.3. What will the speakers do today？A. Go to an art show.B. Meet the man's aunt.C. Eat out with Mark.4. What does the man want to do？A. Cancel an order.B. Ask for a receipt.C. Reschedule a delivery.5. When will the next train to Bedford leave？A. At 9：45.B. At 10：15.C. At 11：00.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2023新高考一卷英语题
2023年全国统一高考英语试卷(新高考Ⅰ)含答案注意事项：1. 本试卷分为选择题和主观题两部分。
2. 请将所有答案填写在答题卡上，否则无效。
3. 答题时间为150分钟。
一、单项选择（每小题2分，共40分）1. A. He hasn't finished his homework yet, has he?B. He hasn't finished his homework yet, does he?C. He doesn't finish his homework yet, has he?D. He doesn't finish his homework yet, does he?答案：A2. A. The teacher, along with her students, is having a meeting now.B. The teacher, as well as her students, is having a meeting now.C. The teacher, with her students, is having a meeting now.D. The teacher, together with her students, is having a meeting now.答案：B3. A. It is not known yet whether he will come or not.B. It is unknown yet whether he will come or not.C. It is not known yet if he will come or not.D. It is unknown yet if he will come or not.答案：B4. A. We are all looking forward to the coming of the Spring Festival.B. We are all looking forward to the arrival of the Spring Festival.C. We are all looking forward to seeing the Spring Festival coming.D. We are all looking forward to the Spring Festival's arrival.答案：B5. A. The little girl is clever enough to work out the problem by herself.B. The little girl is too clever to work out the problem by herself.C. The little girl is so clever that she can work out the problem by herself.D. The little girl is clever enough that she can work out the problem by herself.答案：A（以下题目略，共40题）二、完形填空（每小题2分，共30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
福建省2022年高考英语试卷和答案解析(新2022年高考Ⅰ)
2022年福建省高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）AGrading Policies for Introduction to Literature Grading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays (60%）Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments（30%）Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework（10%）Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.1. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.2. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a letter grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.BLike most of us,I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.The arugula（芝麻菜）was to make a nice green salad,rounding out a roast chicken dinner.But I ended up working late.Then friends called with a dinner invitation.I stuck the chicken in the freezer.But as days passed,the arugula went bad.Even worse,I had unthinkingly bought way too much；I could have made six salads with what I threw out.In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry,"food waste goes against the moral grain,"asElizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story.It's jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from "ugly"（but quite eatable）vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.Producing food that no one eats wastes the water,fuel,and other resources used to grow it.That makes food waste an environmental problem.In fact,Royte writes,"if food waste were a country,it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."If that's hard to understand,let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator.Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time - but for him,it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days.Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington.D.C.，which recovers food and turns it into healthy st year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished（有瑕疵的）produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields.And the strawberries？Volunteers will wash,cut,and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.Such methods seem obvious,yet so often we just don't think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat." Curtin says.4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story？______A. We pay little attention to food waste.B. We waste food unintentionally at times.C. We waste more vegetables than meat.D. We have good reasons for wasting food.5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text？______A. Moral decline.B. Environmental harm.C. Energy shortage.D. Worldwide starvation.6. What does Curtin's company do？______A. It produces kitchen equipment.B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.7. What does Curtin suggest people do？______A. Buy only what is needed.B. Reduce food consumption.C. Go shopping once a week.D. Eat in restaurants less often.CThe elderly residents（居民）in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.The project was dreamed up by a local charity（慈善组织）to reduce loneliness and improve elderlypeople's wellbeing.It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia,a serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said："I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.""I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.""It's good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.I'm enjoying the creative activities,and it feels great to have done something useful."There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East,and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.Wendy Wilson,extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street,one of the first to embark on the project, said："Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here."Lynn Lewis,director of Notting Hill Pathways,said："We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."8. What is the purpose of the project？______A. To ensure harmony in care homes.B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.C. To raise money for medical research.D. To promote the elderly people's welfare.9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier？______A. She has learned new life skills.B. She has gained a sense of achievement.C. She has recovered her memory.D. She has developed a strong personality.10. What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7？______A. Improve.B. Oppose.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs？______A. It is well received.B. It needs to be more creative.C. It is highly profitable.D. It takes ages to see the results.DHuman speech contains more than 2，000 different sounds,from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others？Aground-breaking,five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech soundsthat are now found in half the world's languages.More than 30 years ago,the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals,such as "f" and "v"，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich,Switzerland,has found how and why this trend arose.They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned（对齐），making it hard to produce labiodentals,which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper ter,our jaws changed to an overbite structure（结构），making it easier to produce such sounds.The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age,with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300，000 years ago."The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings,but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran,a member of the research team.12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on？______A. Its variety.B. Its distribution.C. Its quantity.D. Its development.13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals？______A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.B. They could not open and close their lips easily.C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about？______A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds？______A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.C. It is a complex and dynamic system.D. It drives the evolution of human beings.Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled "Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner." One reason was: "You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym," while another read: " (1) " With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.So, how do you find a workout partner?First of all, decide what you want from that person. (2) Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't result in a useful response. (3) If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (4) You and your partner will probably have different skills. (5) Over time, both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else.D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?E.How can you write a good "seeking training partner" notice?F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. GMy husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.Some of our(21) are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little.Once,we(22) along Chalk Creek.I was(23) that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek（小溪）.I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was(24)，and his crying let the whole campground know it.So(25) tying him up,I just kept a close eye on him.It(26) - he didn't end up in the creek.My three-year-old,however,did.Another time,we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we(27)，but storms move in fast in the mountains,and this one quickly(28) our peaceful morning trip.The(29) picked up and thunder rolled.My husband stopped fishing to(30) the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No(31).We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there(32)，a fisherman pulled up,threw us a rope and towed（拖）us back.We were(33).Now,every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage,we are filled with a sense of(34)，wondering what camping fun and(35)we will experience next.21. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled23. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried24. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid25. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for26. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed27. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off28. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed30. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix31. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal32. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly33. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right34. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement35. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict36. The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). (1) (cover) an area about three times (2) size of Yellowstone National Part, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that (3) (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority (4) (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. TheGPNP (5) (design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological bufferzones, (6) leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (7) (population) and homes of giant pandas, and (8) (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.Giant pandas also serve (9) an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species (10) live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)37. 假定你是校广播站英语节目"Talk and Talk"的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。
2023年高考英语真题试卷 (全国乙卷)(含答案及详细解析)
2023年高考英语真题试卷（全国乙卷）一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读理解PRACTITIONERSJacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.1．What did Jacqueline and James have in common?A．Doing teaching jobs.B．Being hired as physicians.C．Performing surgery.D．Being banned from medicine.2．How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?A．She wrote a book.B．She went through trials.C．She worked as a dentist.D．She had formal education.3．Who was the first African American with a medical degree?A．Jacqueline Felice de Almania.B．Tan Yunxian.C．James Barry.D．Rebecca Lee Crumpler.阅读理解Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite achallenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.4．How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?A．By teaming up with other photographers.B．By shooting in the countryside or state parks.C．By studying the geographical conditions.D．By creating settings in the corn fields.5．What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?A．Proper time management.B．Good shooting techniques.C．Adventurous spirit.D．Distinctive styles.6．What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake?A．They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.B．They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.C．They reached the shooting spot later than expected.D．They had problems with their equipment.7．How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake?A．Amusing.B．Satisfying.C．Encouraging.D．Comforting.阅读理解What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK's obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.8．What do people usually think of British food?A．It is simple and plain.B．It is rich in nutrition.C．It lacks authentic tastes.D．It deserves a high reputation.9．Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?A．Authoritative.B．Creative.C．Profitable.D．Influential. 10．Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?A．20%.B．24%.C．25%.D．33%.11．What might the author continue talking about?A．The art of cooking in other countries.B．Male chefs on TV programmes.C．Table manners in the UK.D．Studies of big eaters.阅读理解If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity's later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can't. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.12．What is the first paragraph mainly about?A．How past events should be presented.B．What humanity is concerned about.C．Whether facts speak louder than words.D．Why written language is reliable.13．What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?A．His report was scientific.B．He represented the local people.C．He ruled over Botany Bay.D．His record was one-sided.14．What does the underlined word "conversation" in paragraph 3 refer to?A．Problem.B．History.C．V oice.D．Society.15．Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?A．How Maps Tell Stories of the WorldB．A Short History of AustraliaC．A History of the World in 100 ObjectsD．How Art Works Tell Stories二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2023高考英语新高考1卷D篇阅读理解全考点解析附译文
2023高考英语新高考1卷D篇阅读理解全考点解析附译文[名校内部资料]On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds”effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averagedtogether, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of thestudy was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people's errors.D. The design of Galton's experiment.33. Navajas’study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author's attitude toward Navajas’studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.参考答案：BDCD文章主旨：本文是一篇说明文。
2023年全国统一高考英语试卷(新高考i)
2023年全国统一高考英语试卷（新高考i）全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big Sister's Big TestHi! My name is Xiaoming and I'm 8 years old. I'm in 3rd grade at Sunshine Elementary School. My big sister Xiaoyu is 18 and just finished her last year of high school. She had to take a really big important test called the Gaokao. The Gaokao is a huge test that all Chinese high school students have to take to get into university. This year was special because they changed the English part of the test. It was called the New Gaokao English test.Xiaoyu studied sooooo hard for months to get ready. She took practice tests, did mock exams, read sample questions, and listened to English audio over and over again. Sometimes I would hear her up late at night reviewing vocabulary words and repeating English sentences out loud. I felt bad for her because it seemed really stressful. But she said it was important to do well on the Gaokao to get into a good university.The New Gaokao English test was happening all across China on June 7th, 2023. Xiaoyu had to wake up at 5am that morning to get to the testing site on time. She looked nervous but tried to stay calm. Before she left, my parents made her a good luck breakfast with all her favorite foods like jianbing and douzhir naicha. I gave her a hug and my little sister drew her a picture to cheer her up. Then she was off!The English test was really long, around 3 hours I think. When Xiaoyu came home that evening she looked exhausted. She said the reading part with all the passages and comprehension questions was tough. There were articles about science, culture, history, and other topics she had to read carefully and answer questions on. She felt okay about the writing section where she had to write an essay, since she practiced a lot. But the listening part with all the audio recordings was hardest for her. You had to listen and take notes on dialogues, lectures, and stories and answer questions. With her headphones on it was hard to understand and concentrate.Overall though, Xiaoyu felt she did a decent job and was proud of her preparation paying off. We were all so proud of her hard work too! A few weeks later her score came back and she did great, scoring in the top 20% nationally on the English part.That's especially impressive since English is her weakest subject. Her total Gaokao score was high enough to get into a fantastic university too.Mom, Dad, my little sister, and I all celebrated Xiaoyu's accomplishment. We had a special family dinner, gave her cards and presents, and let her relax after everything she went through. My big sister inspires me to work hard, study English, and follow my dreams when I'm older too. The Gaokao and New Gaokao English test were just the first big challenges she overcame, with many more to come in university and life after that. But I know she can handle anything that comes her way. Go Xiaoyu!篇2The 2023 Big Kid Test for Smart Grown-UpsHi! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. My big sister Jenny just took the 2023 Big Kid Test for Smart Grown-Ups. It's a super important test that kids have to take when they're done with high school if they want to go to a really good college. Jenny studied so much for it!The Big Kid Test has all kinds of different sections to see how smart you are. There's a math part, a reading part, a writing part,and more. But the part I want to tell you about is the English part. English is one of my favorite subjects in school!For the English part of the Big Kid Test, you have to do all sorts of things to show you're really good at English. First, there's a listening section where they play recordings and you have to answer questions about what you heard. My sister said some of the recordings were conversations between people, and others were lectures or talks about different topics. She had to listen really carefully and understand all the details.Then there's a reading section where you read different passages and answer questions on what they were about. The passages were from all kinds of different books, magazines, websites and other places. Some were stories, some were articles with facts and information. My sister had to summarize the main ideas, find specific details, and make inferences based on the passages. She said some of the passages were kind of hard to understand but she used strategies like looking at the titles and bolded words to help her.Another big part was the writing section. For this, you have to write a whole essay or article on a certain topic or prompt they give you. You have to organize your ideas logically, use good vocabulary and grammar, and develop your argument or storyclearly. My sister's prompt was about whether schools should have dress codes or not. She had to take a position and explain her reasons using examples and evidence. Writing a whole essay in English is super hard!There were also some other sections testing things like vocabulary knowledge, grammar rules, and translation between English and Chinese. For the vocabulary part, you might see a sentence with a blank and have to pick the right word to fill in the blank based on the context. The grammar part tested tricky grammar concepts like verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and modals. And for translation you had to take sentences from English to Chinese or Chinese to English accurately.Phew, that's a lot of different things to have on one test, right? My sister said it was really long and challenging, but she had been preparing for years by taking lots of English classes and practice tests. I was so impressed by how hard she worked!Even though the test was tough, my sister said she felt good about how she did in the end. But no matter her score, I'm just really proud of her for trying her best. Tests are stressful, especially one as important as the Big Kid Test that could decide where you go to college.I'm glad I still have a few more years until I have to take the Big Kid Test myself. But when that time comes, I'll study real hard, just like my sister did. English is one of my favorite subjects, so maybe that part will be a little easier for me than the other sections. Except for the writing part...my handwriting is pretty messy so I'll have to practice neat writing too!Well, that's my extremely professional summary and analysis of the 2023 Big Kid Test English section, based on what my sister told me. I can't wait until I'm older so I can take the test and have my own experiences to share. Just a few more years of being a regular kid first! Thanks for reading, gotta go practice some vocabulary now!篇3The Big Exam for Grown-UpsHey there! My name is Xiaoming, and I'm a 4th grader at Sunny Elementary School. I'm going to tell you all about this really important test that my big sister Meimei had to take recently. It's called the National Unified College Entrance Exam, but everybody just calls it the Gaokao.The Gaokao is a huge deal in China. It's a test that all the older kids have to take when they finish high school if they wantto go to university. Can you imagine having to take a test that's so important for your whole future? I get stressed out just thinking about my weekly spelling quizzes!This year, they made the Gaokao even harder by adding a brand new English section. English is already one of my least favorite subjects, so I can't even picture how difficult that part must have been. Meimei studied day and night for months to get ready.She had to learn all kinds of crazy vocabulary words that I've never even heard of, like "juxtapose" and "quintessential." How is a kid supposed to use those in a sentence? My English vocab tops out at stuff like "cat", "ball", and "I'm hungry!"Then there were all the reading comprehension passages about deep philosophical concepts and historical events I know nothing about. Meimei said one of them was analyzing the rhetoric and metaphors some ancient Greek dude used in his writings. I can barely understand the school lunch menu half the time!But you know what's really mind-boggling to me? The fact that they had to write whole essays in perfect English about these sophisticated topics. With proper grammar, smooth transitions between ideas, clear thesis statements, and all thatjazz. I can barely write a book report without making a million tiny mistakes!The English composition section had two essays they had to write. One was analyzing the rise and impact of social media. The other asked them to discuss the future of artificial intelligence and if we should be worried about robots taking over the world one day. Those are subjects that make my head spin! I'm much more concerned with important issues like what toppings should go on my pizza or when the new superhero movie is coming out.From what Meimei told me, the exam was held over the course of two days, with the English part spread across both days. On the first day, they had to tackle all the reading and listening stuff. Then the next day was just the two crazy writing tasks. In total, she was stuck in the exam room for over 6 hours each day!I don't think I've ever had to concentrate on anything for more than 20 minutes at a time. I start daydreaming about dinosaurs and video games after a few minutes in class.Can you imagine how much pressure Meimei and all her classmates must have felt? Their entire future could be determined by how they did on this one test. It's no wonder she looked like a zombie and jumped at every little sound while shewas studying. This exam was basically the only thing she thought about for an entire year!Although she was completely stressed out, Meimei is really smart and worked incredibly hard to prepare. When she finally finished the exam, she was a slobbery, tear-stained mess, but she felt proud of herself for giving it her absolute all. We're still waiting to get her score, but I have a feeling she's going to do great!I'm just glad I've got several more years before I have to start thinking about that terrifying Gaokao exam. Who knows what the test will be like by the time I'm in high school? Maybe they'll add even more subjects, or make the English part only allow answers in Shakespearean prose. ACK!For now, I'm happy sticking to my multiplication tables and diagramming simple sentences about doggies and footballs. Let me enjoy my childhood while I can! The Gaokao can wait until I'm an actual grown-up. Baby steps, you know?Phew, I'm already exhausted just from talking about it. Major props to Meimei and all her hard-working classmates! I'll be sure to bring them lots of popsicles and videogames to help them celebrate once this crazy exam madness is finally over. Okay, time for this little dude to go take a nap. TTYL!篇4The 2023 National Unified College Entrance Exam (Gaokao) is Super Duper Important!Hi friends! My name is Little Xiaoming and I'm going to tell you all about the really really big English test that all the big kids have to take to get into a university in China. It's called the Gaokao and it happened in June 2023. I'm just a little kid so I didn't have to take it, but my big brother Xiao Wang did and he was really nervous!The Gaokao is a gigantic test that lasts for 2 or 3 whole days! Can you imagine taking a test that long? I would get so tired of sitting at my desk. During the Gaokao, they give the students all kinds of subjects like math, Chinese, English, and science. But the English part is what I want to talk about today.In 2023, the English test was different than previous years because it was the first time they used the "New Gaokao" format. This new test had some really big changes to make it harder and more challenging. Let me tell you about some of the new stuff:First of all, the listening part got super hard! Before they just played audio recordings of people talking, but in 2023 they showed videos too with people having natural conversations. Mybrother said it was really tricky because you had to watch their body language and facial expressions to fully understand what they meant. He told me there were even cartoon videos for the kids to watch! I would have loved that part.Another new thing was that the reading passages were longer than before and covered way more topics. My brother said some of the passages were over 1,000 words long and talked about complex ideas like philosophy, science, and global issues. Those topics sound so cool but I bet they were really hard to understand for a lot of kids.But the biggest change, my brother told me, was the speaking part. Can you believe they made all the students do a speaking test?! Students had to go into a room by themselves and have an entire conversation in English with a computer program. The computer asked them all sorts of questions and they had to respond by talking out loud. My brother practiced speaking English out loud to our dog Wangwang to prepare but he said it was still incredibly nerve-wracking. I don't know if I could ever do something like that!Overall, my brother said the New Gaokao English test was designed to truly test students' practical English ability in all areas - listening, reading, writing, and now speaking too. He toldme the test-makers wanted to make sure students could actually use English in the real world, not just recognize vocabulary on a paper test.The scores from the Gaokao English test, along with the other subjects, determined which universities each student could apply to across the entire country. Students who did really well on the English part may have had an advantage to get into certain international programs or schools with a greater English focus. That's why doing well was so critical!My brother worked harder than I've ever seen anyone work to prepare for this test. He took practice tests, attended cram schools, and studied ancient English proverbs until late at night. Even though the Gaokao was incredibly stressful, he's really proud that he pushed himself and did his absolute best.Once the tests were finally over in late June, Brother Xiao Wang felt like a gigantic weight had been lifted off his shoulders. He had poured his blood, sweat, and tears into this exam for the past year. All that was left to do was await his score in July and see which university he would call home for the next four years.I remember giving him the biggest hug when he finished that last exam. I could see how drained but also accomplished hefelt. Whatever his score ends up being, I'm just proud of him for his perseverance and all his hard work!Even though I'm just a little kid who can't fully understand how impactful the Gaokao is, I have so much respect for my brother and all his classmates who went through this intense experience. The 2023 National Unified College Entrance Examination, with its new English test, truly put these students' skills to the ultimate test. I just hope I can show half as much grit and determination when it's my turn to take this big big test in the future!Those are my thoughts on the 2023 Gaokao English exam! It was a doozy for sure. Let me know if you have any other questions - I may be little but I'm a quick learner. Thanks for reading, gotta run, my mom is calling me for din-din!篇5The Big Test Day! My Brother's English Exam AdventureHiya! My name is Xiao Ming and I'm 8 years old. I'm gonna tell you all about my big brother Xiao Zhang's super important English test day for the new national college thingy. It was really exciting!So my brother is 18 and he just finished his last year of high school. He studied real hard for this huge test called the Gaokao. It's like the biggest test ever for kids trying to get into a good university in China. This year they changed it up and made a new version called the Gaokao I or something. The English part was really different from before.A few days before the test, Xiao Zhang was soooo nervous. He kept reading his notes and practice books over and over again. Sometimes he would mumble English words under his breath while pacing around. It was kinda funny to watch! My parents kept telling him "Add oil! You've worked so hard, you'll do great!" That means like good luck and keep going in Chinese.Finally, test day arrived! We all got up super early like 5am. My brother could barely eat any breakfast because he was so anxious. We dropped him off at the exam hall and my parents gave him a big hug. "Remember, stay calm and believe in yourself!" My mom said. Xiao Zhang took a deep breath and went inside.The English exam was split into two parts from what my brother told me later. First was the writing section where he had to write a short essay about something. He said the topic was really interesting - it was about how reading fiction books canhelp your imagination or something like that. Pretty cool right? He planned out his ideas quickly and did his best to write a clear essay with good examples.After the writing part, there was a break time. My brother tried to snack on some brain food mom packed for him - nuts, an orange, a chicken sandwich. He drank lots of water too to stay hydrated. He looked a little less stressed at this point. Maybe the writing went okay?Then it was time for the second part - the reading comprehension section. This part was wayyy different from old Gaokao English tests apparently. My brother said instead of just reading some boring passages and answering questions, he had to read and listen to a variety of materials - articles, podcasts, videos, and more. The passages were about all kinds of topics too like science, culture, global issues. He really enjoyed the podcasts especially because they were just like audio stories.After reading/listening to each material, there were questions testing if he understood the main ideas, details, vocabulary, and more. But get this - some questions didn't just ask about the literal meaning. They asked him to make inferences, analyze the author's perspective, and apply the information in new ways. My brother said it was challenging butway more interesting and practical than just memorizing facts from a textbook.There were even some interactive questions where he had to correct mistakes, put sentences in order, or fill in missing information. Kinda like those mad libs games we play at home! My brother handled English computer games well because we always played learning apps together when he was little. I'm a good gaming teacher!The last section was something brand new - my brother had to have a video conversation with an AI character! He wore headphones and chatted with a animated person on the computer. The AI asked him opinion questions about global topics and he had to explain his thoughts clearly using proper English. No scripts allowed!My brother said it was scary at first, but then he imagined he was just talking to one of his foreign language tutors and it became more natural. The cool part was that the AI could actually understand him and keep the conversation going based on what he said. No more blank stares when your English doesn't make sense!After what felt like forever, the test was finally over! We waited outside and my brother came out looking like anexhausted panda. But he had a little smile on his face. "That was hard...but actually kinda fun in some ways?" he told us. Teachers weren't kidding when they said this new Gaokao English test was really different.We all went out for my brother's favorite noodles that night to celebrate him surviving the marathon test day. As he slurped down his beef noodle soup, he said "You know, answering all those real-life style questions made me realize how important it is to truly learn English as a tool for communication and understanding the world...not just for getting test scores."My mom and dad beamed with pride. They were just happy the years of late night English tutoring, immersion camps, and reading practice had prepared Xiao Zhang not just for this test, but also for using English in the real world after high school. No matter what his score ended up being, he had grown so much.Welp, that's the story of my brother's big English exam day! It might have been stressful but it also sounds like it helped him be ready for the future. I can't wait until I get to take the new Gaokao someday...just kidding, I'm never taking that monster test! Let me know if you havequestions!篇6The Crazy Gaokao TestHi everyone! My name is Lily and I'm 10 years old. I'm in 5th grade and I love learning new things every day at school. My favorite subjects are art and music because I get to be creative and make stuff. Math is okay but sometimes it's really hard. I really don't like tests though because they make me super nervous!A couple weeks ago, my older sister Jenny took a really big important test called the Gaokao. It's a huge deal in China and determines what university you can go to after high school. Jenny had to study like crazy for months to get ready. She almost never hung out with me and my friends because she was always at her desk with her head in a book. It was like she became a zombie!The Gaokao test lasted for two whole days this year. On the first day, Jenny had to take the Chinese, math, and English tests. Those are the three main subjects that everyone has to do. She said the math part was the hardest with all those complicated equations and word problems. I can't even imagine how stressful it must have been!The second day had tests on sciences like biology, chemistry, and physics. Plus there was a test on politics and history too.That's a lot of different things to have to know about! My sister said her brain felt like mush by the end of it. I don't know how she stayed focused for all those hours of intense testing. I would have zoned out for sure.While Jenny was taking her Gaokao tests, me and my parents had to be completely silent at home so we didn't disturb her at all. We even put off watching my favorite movie because the sound might have bothered her. My little brother and I just played quietly by ourselves those two days.After the tests were finally over, Jenny looked exhausted. She basically slept for an entire day to recover! Then she had to nervously wait over a month for her score results. The scores go all the way up to 750 and you need a super high one, maybe like 600 or more, to get into a top university.When Jenny's score finally came out, she got a 638! That's incredible! We were all so proud of her and threw her a little celebration party. She gets to go to a great university now because she worked extremely hard. I gave her a big hug and lots of high fives.I'm not sure if I want to go through that intense Gaokao experience when I'm older though. It seems way too much pressure and stress to put on a teenager. Having your wholefuture decided by a couple days of testing doesn't seem very fair if you ask me. Like what if you got sick or something and didn't do your best? It's just a lot of weight on your shoulders.I know the Gaokao is a pretty big tradition in China's education system. And it helps make sure students are taught the same important stuff across the whole country. But there's got to be a better way to evaluate people, right? One that doesn't make kids have panic attacks and miss out on their childhoods because they're studying constantly. I really feel bad for my sister and how little free time she had.Anyway, those are just some of my thoughts on the crazy Gaokao test. I'm glad it's over and my sister can finally relax now. I'll probably try to avoid it if I can though! For now, I'm perfectly happy just playing soccer with my friends after school. Tests are no fun at all if you ask me. I'd much rather be outside enjoying the sunshine!Let me know if you have any other questions! I'll do my best to explain more about this wild Gaokao thing. It's pretty fascinating and stressful at the same time. I just hope by the time I'm in high school, they've come up with a better system. Too much is riding on just a few exams in my opinion. Okay, thanks for listening everyone! Bye!。
23年高考英语一
2023年新高考I卷-英语真题试卷一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读理解Bike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.PricesGuided City ToursThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1．What is an advantage of MacBike?A．It gives children a discount.B．It offers many types of bikes.C．It organizes free cycle tours.D．It has over 2,500 rental shops.2．How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A．€15.75.B．€19.50.C．€22.75.D．€29.50.3．Where does the guided city tour start?A．The Gooyer, Windmill.B．The Skinny Bridge.C．Heineken Brewery.D．Dam Square.阅读理解When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eatcancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China."Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."4．What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A．He was fond of traveling.B．He enjoyed being alone.C．He had an inquiring mind.D．He longed to be a doctor.5．Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A．To feed the animals.B．To build an ecosystem.C．To protect the plants.D．To test the eco-machine.6．What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A．To review John's research plans.B．To show an application of John's idea.C．To compare John's different jobs.D．To erase doubts about John's invention.7．What is the basis for John's work?A．Nature can repair itself.B．Organisms need water to survive.C．Life on Earth is diverse.D．Most tiny creatures live in groups.阅读理解The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.8．What is the book aimed at?A．Teaching critical thinking skills.B．Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C．Solving philosophical problems.D．Promoting the use of a digital device.9．What does the underlined word "declutter" in paragraph 3 mean?A．Clear-up.B．Add-on.C．Check-in.D．Take-over. 10．What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A．Theoretical models.B．Statistical methods.C．Practical examples.D．Historical analyses.11．What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A．Use them as needed.B．Recommend them to friends.C．Evaluate their effects.D．Identify the ideas behind them.阅读理解On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but itwasn't the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The methods of estimation.B．The underlying logic of the effect.C．The causes of people's errors.D．The design of Galton's experiment.13．Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if________.A．the crowds were relatively smallB．there were occasional underestimatesC．individuals did not communicateD．estimates were not fully independent14．What did the follow-up study focus on?A．The size of the groups.B．The dominant members.C．The discussion process.D．The individual estimates.15．What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies?A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful.D．Approving.二、任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2023年福建省统一高考英语试卷（新高考Ⅰ）ABike Rental &Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam，welcome to MacBike.You see much more from the seat of a bike!Cycling is the most economical，sustainable and fun way to explore the city，with its beautiful canals，parks，squares and countless lights.You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.With over 2，500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations，we make sure there is always a bike available for you.We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety，including basic bikes with foot brake（刹车），bikes with hand brake and gears （排挡），bikes with child seats，and children's bikes.PricesThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill，the Skinny Bridge，the Rijksmuseum，Heineken Brewery and much more.The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour，starting at 1：00 pm every day.You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1. What is an advantage of MacBike？______A. It gives children a discount.B. It offers many types of bikes.C. It organizes free cycle tours.D. It has over 2，500 rental shops.2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days？______A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.3. Where does the guided city tour start？______A. The Gooyer，Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.BWhen John Todd was a child，he loved to explore the woods around his house，observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream，for example，often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture，medicine，and fisheries in college，John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria（细菌）？Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals？With the right combination of animals and plants，he figured，maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge（污泥）.First，he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little，these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks，John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks，it had all been digested，and all that was left was pure water.Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage （污水）from 1，600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou，a city in southeast China. "Ecological design"is the name John gives to what he does."Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor，"he says."You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair."4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs？______A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks？______A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou？______A. To review John's research plans.B. To show an application of John's idea.C. To compare John's different jobs.D. To erase doubts about John's invention.7. What is the basis for John's work______A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works，and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you. To do so，I divided the book into two parts.In part one，I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism，starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable，before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days，you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one，I'll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so.I'll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1，600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You'll hear these participants' stories and learn what strategies worked well for them，and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters，I examine issues such as the importance of solitude and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices，which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.8. What is the book aimed at？______A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.9. What does the underlined word" declutter"in paragraph 3 mean？______A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one？______A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two？______A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.DOn March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the "wisdom of crowds" effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases，the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors，those errors aren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate，and come to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors，then their errors won't cancel each other out.In more technical terms，the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons，people's errors become correlated or dependent，the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折）on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion，the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance，the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students，the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？This happened some of the time，but it wasn't the dominant response.Most frequently，the groups reported that they "shared arguments and reasoned together." Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？______A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people's errors.D. The design of Galton's experiment.13. Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ______A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent14. What did the follow-up study focus on？______A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant membersC. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.15. What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies？______A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.Personal ForgivenessTaking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step，but don't beat yourself up about them.To err （犯错）is human.（1）______ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading "Personal strengths."（2）______ Are you caring？Creative？Generous？A good listener？Fun to be around？They don't have to be world -changing，just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.At the top of a second page，put the heading"Acts of kindness." On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.（3）______You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.（4）______ That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.It's something of a cliché（陈词滥调）that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is，it's true.（5）______ We' re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A.A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B.Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C.They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D.It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E.It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.F.Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.G.Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. G20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. EF. FG. GOn Oct.11，hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota.Melanie Bailey should have（1）______ the course earlier than she did.He（2）______ came because she was carrying a（3）______ across the finish line.As reported by a local newspaper，Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her（4）______ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain.She（5）______ to help her fellow runner，Danielle Lenoue.Bailey took her am to see if she could walk forward with（6）______ .She couldn't.Bailey then （7）______ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line，then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get（8）______ attention.Once there，Lenouc was（9）______ and later taken to a hospital，where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees.She would have struggled with extreme（10）______ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help.As for Bailey，she is more（11）______ about why her act is considered a big（12）______ " She was just crying.I couldn't（13）______ her，" Bailey told the reporter."I feel like I was just doing the right thing. Although the two young women were strangers before the（14）______ ，they've since become friends.Neither won the race，but the（15）______ of human kindness won the day.21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor24. A. race B. school C. town D. training25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange36. Xiao long bao（soup dumplings），those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers，encasing hot，（1）______ （taste）soup and sweet，fresh meat，are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one，you have to decide whether（2）______ （bite）a small hole in it first，releasing the stream and risking a spill（溢出），（3）______ to put the whole dumpling in your mouth，letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.Shanghai maybe the （4）______ （recognize）home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao's birthplace.There you will find them prepared differently-more dumpling and less soup，and the wrappers are pressed （5）______ hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside，the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them （6）______ （lift）out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of （7）______ （they）contents.The meat should be fresh with （8）______ touch of sweetness and the soup hot，clear and delicious.No matter where I buy them，one steamer is （9）______ （rare）enough，yet two seems greedy，so I am always left （10）______ （want）more next time.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)37. 假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。