中南大学研究生《学术交流英语》考试题型
高一英语学术研讨会交流语言练习题20题带答案
高一英语学术研讨会交流语言练习题20题带答案1. In the academic seminar, when you want to express a strong opinion, which phrase is more appropriate?A. I think maybeB. I firmly believeC. I sort of thinkD. I might believe答案：B。
解析：在学术研讨会上表达强烈观点时，“I firmly believe”（我坚信）表达的态度最为坚定，而A选项“think”和“maybe”组合表示不太确定的想法；C选项“sort of think”也是一种比较含糊的表达；D选项“might believe”表示可能性较低的相信，都不符合表达强烈观点的要求。
2. The term “hypothesis” in academic research means _.A. a proven factB. an untested ideaC. a final conclusionD. a practical method答案：B。
解析：“hypothesis”这个术语在学术研究中的意思是未经测试的想法。
A选项“a proven fact”是已被证明的事实；C选项“a final conclusion”是最终结论；D选项“a practical method”是实用方法，都不符合“hypothesis”的含义。
3. When presenting your research findings, which sentence structure is more formal?A. I found out some thingsB. Some things were found by meC. I have obtained certain resultsD. Certain results got by me答案：C。
crc英文考试题及答案
crc英文考试题及答案**CRC英文考试题及答案**一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a part of the English alphabet?A. AB. BC. ZD. Y答案：D2. The word "library" is spelled correctly.A. TrueB. False答案：A3. Which of the following is a verb?A. bookB. libraryC. readD. shelf答案：C4. What is the opposite of "happy"?A. sadB. gladC. joyfulD. cheerful答案：A5. Fill in the blank: "I have a _______ to go to the store."A. needB. wantC. mustD. should答案：A6. Which of the following is a plural noun?A. childB. bookC. sheepD. mouse答案：B7. What tense is used in the sentence "I am reading a book"?A. Present PerfectB. Present ContinuousC. Past SimpleD. Future Simple答案：B8. Which of the following is a preposition?A. onB. andC. butD. or答案：A9. What is the comparative form of "big"?A. biggerB. bigC. biglyD. bigness答案：A10. Which of the following is a conjunction?A. howeverB. thereforeC. becauseD. all of the above答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The opposite of "up" is _______.答案：down12. The past tense of "go" is _______.答案：went13. The word "international" starts with a capital letter when it is used as a proper noun, such as _______.答案：International Olympic Committee14. The word "their" is a _______ pronoun.答案：possessive15. The phrase "take a break" means to _______.答案：rest16. The word "unique" is an _______.答案：adjective17. The word "bicycle" is a _______ noun.答案：countable18. The word "although" is used to show _______.答案：contrast19. The word "because" is a _______ conjunction.答案：subordinating20. The phrase "in order to" is used to express _______.答案：purpose三、阅读理解题（每题2分，共20分）阅读下面的短文，回答问题。
学科英语考研试题及答案
学科英语考研试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "library" is:A. libaryB. librayC. librayD. library答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. runB. jumpC. fastD. swim答案：C3. Fill in the blank with the appropriate preposition: She is ______ the library.A. inB. atC. toD. on答案：B4. Choose the synonym for the word "unique".A. identicalB. similarC. commonD. rare答案：D5. Which sentence is grammatically correct?A. She has a lot of books.B. She have many books.C. She has much books.D. She has a lot books.答案：A6. The phrase "break a leg" is commonly used to mean:A. to have an accidentB. to perform wellC. to restD. to take a break答案：B7. What is the past tense of the verb "write"?A. wroteB. wrotedC. writedD. writings答案：A8. In the sentence "She is taller than anyone in her family," the comparative form is used for:A. tallB. tallerC. tallestD. tallness答案：B9. The word "meticulous" means:A. carelessB. exactC. fastD. slow答案：B10. Which of the following is not a form of the verb "to be"?A. amB. isC. areD. has答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. The word "____" can be used to describe a person who is very careful with details.答案：meticulous12. The verb "to be" in the past tense for "I" is "___".答案：was13. The phrase "___" is used to wish someone good luck beforea performance.答案：break a leg14. The word "____" is the opposite of "common".答案：rare15. The comparative form of the adjective "happy" is "___".答案：happier16. The preposition "___" is used to indicate a location inside a building.答案：in17. The past tense of the verb "to go" is "___".答案：went18. The word "____" can be used to describe a person who is very fast in their movements.答案：swift19. The phrase "___" is used to indicate that something is happening now.答案：at the moment20. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized.答案：organized三、阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）阅读以下短文，并回答问题。
(NEW)中南大学外国语学院211翻译硕士英语[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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目 录2010年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2011年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2012年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2013年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解2010年中南大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解Test of English for MTI CandidatesPart I Diction(15%)Directions: Choose the ONE word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the underlined part in each of the following. You should write your choices on the Answer Sheet.1．Is vanity one of the seven deadly sins?A. foolishnessB. sanityC. prideD. selfishness【答案】C【解析】句意：虚荣心是七宗罪之一吗？vanity虚荣心。
pride骄傲；自尊心。
二者意思相近，可相互替换。
foolishness愚蠢。
sanity明智，头脑清楚。
selfishness自私。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
2．The child was uncomfortable under the scrutiny of his grandfather.A. examinationB. weightC. gazeD. attention【答案】A【解析】句意：那个小孩在感到不舒服。
题目中划线词scrutiny意为“监视”。
examination考试；检查，在这里引申为“监察”的意思。
weight压力。
gaze盯。
attention关心，注意。
3．Professor Bright likes to ramble during her lectures.A. mumbleB. ruminateC. wonderD. wander【答案】D【解析】句意：布莱特教授喜欢在她的课堂上走来走去。
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题
中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Southern University Doctoral English ExamSection A: Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.1. The project __________ a lot of time and effort, but it was worth it in the end.A. consumedB. reservedC. preservedD. delayed2. The new manager decided to __________ the company's policy on staff training.A. modifyB. adoptC. maintainD. disregard3. The team worked __________ to meet the deadline for the research paper.A. leisurelyB. swiftlyC. indiscriminatelyD. insincerely4. He has a __________ for finding solutions to complex problems.A. talentB. weaknessC. deficiencyD. disability5. The company's reputation was __________ damaged by the scandal.A. completelyB. slightlyC. moderatelyD. immenselySection B: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Read the passage carefully and answer the questions below.The Rise of Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing the way we live and work. From virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa toself-driving cars and automated factories, AI is becoming increasingly integrated into our daily lives.One of the key benefits of AI is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately. This has led to significant advancements in fields such as medicine, finance, and transportation. AI algorithms can detect patterns in data that humans may overlook, leading to more accurate diagnoses, better investment decisions, and safer transportation systems.However, the rise of AI also raises concerns about job displacement and privacy. As machines become more capable of performing complex tasks, some worry that human workers will be replaced by robots and AI systems. Additionally, the collection and analysis of personal data by AI systems raise questions about privacy and data security.Despite these concerns, the potential of AI to revolutionize industries and improve our quality of life is undeniable. As AI technology continues to evolve, it is crucial that we carefully consider the ethical implications and ensure that AI is used responsibly for the benefit of society.Questions:1. What is one of the key benefits of AI mentioned in the passage?2. What are some of the concerns raised by the rise of AI?3. Why is it important to consider the ethical implications of AI?Section C: Writing (60 points)Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic: "The Impact of Technology on Education."In your essay, you should address the following points:- How has technology changed the way students learn?- What are some of the benefits and drawbacks of using technology in the classroom?- How can educators effectively incorporate technology into their teaching practices?- What role do you think technology will play in the future of education?Remember to provide examples and evidence to support your arguments.以上是中南大学博士研究生英语考试真题的部分内容，希望对您有所帮助。
2010年中南大学MTI硕士考研真题及解析
各位考研的同学们，大家好！我是才思的一名学员，现在已经顺利的考上研究生，今天和大家分享一下这个专业的真题，方便大家准备考研，希望给大家一定的帮助。
百科写作·标准答案一、单项选择01. A左传原名为《左氏春秋》，汉代改称《春秋左氏传》，简称《左传》。
旧时相传是春秋末年左丘明为解释孔子的《春秋》而作。
02. C楚辞又称“楚词”，是战国时代的伟大诗人屈原创造的一种诗体。
作品运用楚地（今两湖一带）的文学样式、方言声韵，叙写楚地的山川人物、历史风情，具有浓厚的地方特色。
汉代时，刘向把屈原的作品及宋玉等人“承袭屈赋”的作品编辑成集，名为《楚辞》。
并成为继《诗经》以后，对我国文学具有深远影响的一部诗歌总集，并且是我国第一部浪漫主义诗歌总集。
03. D“颜”指颜真卿，“柳”指柳公权，“颜筋柳骨”是说他们二人的风格像筋骨那样挺劲有力而又有所差异。
04. B中国画术语。
是对吴道子人物画风格的概述。
吴道子（约686-760）是盛唐最杰出的画家，在宗教画上成就突出。
在用笔技法上，他创造了一种波折起伏、错落有致的“莼菜条”式的描法，加强了描摹对象的份量感和立体感，他突出了人体曲线和自然的结合，这种画风在后来的西方也有一定的影响。
所画人物、衣袖、飘带，具有迎风起舞的动势，故有“吴带当风”之称。
后人亦以之称美其高超画技与飘逸的风格。
05. A鸳鸯蝴蝶派是发端于20世纪初叶的上海“十里洋场”的一个文学流派。
他们最初热衷的题材是言情小说，写才子和佳人“相悦相恋，分拆不开，柳荫花下，像一对蝴蝶，一双鸳鸯”（《上海文艺之一瞥》），并因此得名而成为鸳鸯蝴蝶派。
这一派的早期代表作为徐枕亚的《玉梨魂》，是用四六骈俪加上香艳诗词而成的哀情小说。
06. C创造社是“五四”新文化运动初期成立的文学社团，是中国现代文学团体。
1921年7月中旬由留学日本归来的郭沫若、成仿吾、郁达夫、张资平、田汉、郑伯奇等人在日本东京成立。
07. C司马姓氏有三个来源。
中南大学学术交流英语-试题构成与翻译题库
一.阅读理解(50%)Section Aa.会议通知(Call for Papers) T/F 10%b.文献T/F 10%Section Bc.文献排序15%Section Cd.文献简答题15%二.翻译(30%)Section Aa.英译汉15%Section Bb.汉译英15%三.学术英语写作20%Case 1: 开幕词P139, P141Case 2: 闭幕词P143 (E1-book)Case 3: 投稿信P75 (E2-book): 附上论文的标题; 介绍研究方法(假设)(1-2句); 介绍研究结果(3-4句); 研究的意义与价值; we believe…; 日期.Case 4: 回函P86 E2-book.附录A 英译汉,汉译英题目1. P5A helpful image is to think about submitting a manuscript to an international journal as a way of participating in the international scientific community. You are, in effect, joining an international conversation. To join this conversation, you need to know what has already been said by the other people conversing. In other words, you need to understand the cutting edge of your scientific discipline: what work is being done now by the important players in the field internationally. This means:向国际学术杂志投稿有助于进入国际学术界，事实上你加入了国际间的交流。
中南大学硕士生英语学位试卷试卷
English Test for Graduate Students (A)January, 2011Part I Listening Comprehension (20%)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear several short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Boththe conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center (on Answer Sheet I).1. A. They don’t have to go to the concert.B. His brother will let them use the car.C. The subway is fine with her.D. They’ll have to rent a car as early as possible.2. A. The woman is living a very busy life.B. The woman has plenty of time to play computer games.C. The woman would like to fight in a war.D. The woman considers herself unfortunate.3. A. He is not sick.B. His brother Jack is always ill.C. He is feeling better now.D. He is still not very well.4. A. Every day.B. Frequently.C. Occasionally.D. Very rarely.5. A. He’s unable to appear in court.B. He wishes he could be a better student.C. He plays tennis better than she does.D. He’s not so enthusiastic about studies.6. A. In a repair shop.B. In a restaurant.C. In a store.D. At a ticket window.7. A. He does not agree with the woman.B. He thinks it’s better to go right now.C. He thinks it’s wise to wait.D. He thinks there is no sense in waiting.8. A. He went to see his schoolmate.B. He went to see a film with his friend.C. He watched television with his friend.D. He stayed at home talking with his friend.9. A. She’s going to read it.B. She’s going to return it to the library.C. She’s going to return it to the man.D. She’s going to return it to Ann.10. A. The road is not so good but there is little traffic.B. He is satisfied with driving from home to work.C. Twenty miles isn’t a long distance.D. It would be a pleasant driving if there were les traffic.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear several short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a singleline through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Passage One11. A. How to improve your reasoning ability.B. Why classical music is popular with math students.C. The difference between classical music and rock music.D. The effects of music on the results of math tests.12. A. Because it keeps you calm.B. Because it strengthens your memory.C. Because it stimulates your nerve activity.D. Because it improves your problem-solving strategies.13. A. The effects of music do not last long.B. Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.C. Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.D. The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.Passage Two14. A. The liberation movement of British women.B. Rapid economic development in Britain.C. Changing attitudes to family life.D. Reasons for changes in family life in Britain.15. A. Because millions of men died in the war.B. Because women had proved their worth.C. Because women were more skillful than men.D. Because factories preferred to employ women.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill inthe blanks with the exact word(s) you have just heard. Finally, when thepassage is read for the third time, you should check what you havewritten (on Answer Sheet II).With the steady increase in the amount of leisure time that people enjoy, the importance of S1 that deal with leisure products and services is also steadily increasing. One of the biggest such industries is the tourist industry. Providing transportation and S2 for tourists is one of the major industries in many S3 . Since people are now having longer vacations and are more and more interested in seeing other parts of the world, this business will no doubt continue to grow.Another industry obviously devoted to leisure is S4 . Movies, TV shows, concerts and plays are usually intended for our leisure. The same can be said of most books, except textbooks. S5 make money because people pay to watch them in their free time.Part II Cloze (10%)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that bestfits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center (on Answer Sheet I).Do the old people in the United States like to live alone? No doubt some of them do. 16 at least some of them 17 living alone to making the changes and 18 when living with others. Independence is 19 , the chief and most honored 20 in this country. The idea deeply rooted in us early, 21 even when we can, quite 22 , no longer “stand on our own feet.”When our 23 parents’need for help grows too obvious to 24 , we say they are beginning to “fail.” Losing one’s independence is, for Americans, a 25 thing. And needing help, we know, 26 our potential helpers’pity, 27 and fear. We are all, throughout our lives, a 28 to others. From the moment of 29 , we are nourished and nurtured by others. As adults we learn to pay for or negotiate our 30 needs, but the fact 31 that it takes an 32 army of other people to grow our food, clean our clothes, maintain our roads, fuel our furnaces. When we marry, we accept another’s 33 to stick with us in sickness and health, 34 and poverty. The load we lay on others only becomes more visible, less 35 , as we age.16. A. But B. Or C. So D. Besides17. A. favor B. appreciate C. like D. prefer18. A. failures B. compromises C. fashions D. balances19. A. after all B. above all C. at all D. in all20. A. manner B. custom C. habit D. virtue21. A. maintains B. persists C. insists D. retains22. A. virtually B. usually C. basically D. literally23. A. late B. aging C. maturing D. younger24. A. emphasize B. meet C. cater D. ignore25. A. shameful B. pity C. ashamed D. shame26. A. builds B. acts C. transforms D. evokes27. A. frustration B. interest C. passion D. pleasure28. A. burden B. responsibility C. relief D. requirement29. A. perception B. deception C. conception D. reception30. A. common B. independent C. actual D. mutual31. A. stays B. remains C. manifests D. reveals32. A. variety B. invisible C. abundant D. forceful33. A. pledge B. announcement C. proclaim D. assertion34. A. booming B. hospitality C. property D. prosperity35. A. deniable B. considerable C. unbearable D. feasiblePart III Reading Comprehension (35%)Section ADirections: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the center (on Answer Sheet I).Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual use, and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment. In addition to this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work on his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others should his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding acquaintance with printing techniques and proofreading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to switch rapidly form one source language to another, as well as from one subject matter to another, since this ability is frequently required of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s work, i.e., the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, unnecessary that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage rather than a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can dispense with. It is, however, desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source language, even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names are pronounced. The same applies to the ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not matter. There are many other skills and qualities that are desirable in a translator.36. The target language should be _______.A. the translator’s second foreign languageB. a language the translator is proficient inC. the language in his field of specializationD. the translator’s source language37. A good translator should be independent, efficient and _______.A. pay attention to other s’ opinionsB. have an acquaintance with othersC. grasp knowledge quicklyD. prove the task in hand38. If he is working for an industrial firm, it is necessary for the translator to_______.A. get informedB. get acquainted with the firmC. type quickly and accuratelyD. get well acquainted with his subject39. Why don’t some translators speak and write the languages they translate?A. They never have the chance to speak and write them.B. This enables them to work more efficiently.C. This saves them a lot of time.D. They are only concerned with the written words.40. What is NOT essential in a translator ?A. Up-to-date knowledge of his source language.B. Understanding of the latest subject.C. The ability to speak the languages he translates.D. An approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages. Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,”still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including their government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government,which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.41. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “_______”.A. The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB. Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC. Business is of primary concern to AmericansD. America is a great power in world business42. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only _______.A. when given equality of opportunityB. through doing businessC. by protecting their individual freedomD. by way of competition43. Who can benefit from business competition?A. Honest businessmen.B. Both businessmen and their customers.C. People with ideals of equality and freedom.D. Both business institutions and government.44. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government ischaracterized by _______.A. its absolute control of powerB. its function in preserving personal freedomC. its role in protecting basic American valuesD. its democratic way of exercising leadership45. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _______.A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB. in many countries success often depends on one’s social statusC. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The more time scientists spend designing computers the more they marvel at the human brain. Tasks that baffle the more advanced supercomputer—recognizing a fact, reading a handwritten note—are child’s play for the 3-pound organ. Most important, unlike any conventional computer, the brain can learn from its mistakes. Researchers have tried for years to program computers to imitate the brain’s abilities, but without success. Now a growing number of designers believe they have the answer: if a computer is to function more like a person and less like an over-grown calculator it must be built more like a brain, which distributes information across a vastinterconnected web of nerve cells, or neurons.Conventional computers function by following a chainlike sequence of detailed instructions. Although very fast, their processors can perform only one task at a time. This approach works best in solving problems that can be broken down into simpler logical pieces. The processors in a neural-network computer, by contrast, form a network much like the nerve cells in the brain. Since these artificial neurons are interconnected, they can share information and perform tasks at the same time. This two-dimensional approach works best at recognizing patterns.Instead of programming a neural-network computer to make decisions, its maker trains it to recognize patterns in any solution to a problem by repeatedly feeding examples to the machine.Neural networks come in all shapes and sizes. Until now most existed as software simulations because redesigning computer chips took a lot of time and money. By experimenting with different approaches through software rather than hardware, scientists have been able to avoid costly mistakes.46. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that the most advanced supercomputer_______.A. can recognize a face and read a handwritten noteB. can learn from its mistakesC. weighs only 3 poundsD. cannot distribute information across an interconnected web of nerve cells47. What is NOT true of a conventional computer?A. It must be programmed before it works.B. It can only solve one problem at a time.C. It is good at solving one problem at a time.D. It is trained to recognize patterns instead of making decisions.48. The main feature of a neural-network computer is that _______.A. its processors act as an interconnected web of neuronsB. it is programmed to make decisionsC. its networks are of all shapes and sizesD. its neurons are artificial49. The expression “this two-dimensional approach” in the second paragraph refersto _______.A. the conventional computer and the neural computerB. making decisions and recognizing patternsC. sharing information and performing tasksD. the computer and the human brain50. Scientists use software rather than hardware in their experiments because_______.A. it can avoid redesigning computer chipsB. it can save a lot of time and moneyC. it can avoid making mistakesD. it is more like the human brainQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers’life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers’ contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent more money leads to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.51. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is NOT true?A. To make jobs more varied.B. To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.C. Degree of work contribution.D. Demands for longer working hours.52. Why do workers want more money?A. Because their jobs are too boring.B. In order to enjoy more spare time.C. To make their jobs more interesting.D. To demand shorter working hours.53. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers’jobs more interesting _______.A. they will want more moneyB. they will demand shorter working hoursC. more money and shorter working hours are important factorsD. more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them54. In this passage, the author tells us _______.A. how to make the workers more productiveB. possible factors leading to greater efficiencyC. to what extent more money leads to greater productivityD. how to make workers’ jobs more interesting55. The author of this passage is probably a _______.A. teacherB. workerC. managerD. physicistQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Equally ridiculous are some of the hopes voiced by certain biologists with wild imaginations: They have foreseen a more positive use of cloning—to improve the human genetic stock. The technique could be used to “fix” good characters. This, after all, is why plant breeders take cutting: they use sexual reproduction for genetic experiments, to mix genes and produce favorable re-combinations by chance; then, when a good variety appears, they fix it by taking cuttings and making copies. So why not do the same with humans? Couldn’t superior individuals be bred or rather copied in this way?In other words, when a Newton or an Einstein appears, why not ensure more Newtons and Einsteins? One needs only a few cells—from inside the mouth, say—to get hold of their “superior” genes, and with freezing they could be used indefinitely, long after their original owner’s death. Of course, a Newton or an Einstein is not entirely the product of his genes: environment and education also have to be taken into consideration. So several biologists take the idea further. J.B.S. Haldane, for example, predicted that “superior individuals” would spend their later years educating their own clones. Just imagine a school where every class is full of identical twins. And, in their teacher, they would see not only their parents but also themselves in thirty or forty years’time. Being genetically identical, teachers and pupils would understand each other with great ease and progress would be very fast. Or so the imaginative biologists would like us to believe.56. How does the author feel about the idea of cloning beings?A. Imaginative.B. Absurd.C. Positive.D. Reasonable.57. By means of taking cuttings, plant breeders intend _______.A. to produce a good varietyB. to improve genetic stockC. to mix genesD. to make copies58. In addition to “superior” genes, a higher individual must have _______A. a few cellsB. more ideasC. good environment and educationD. genetic experiments59. Why do some biologists think that clones would work well together?A. Because they look like one another.B. Because their teacher is a clone.C. Because they are identical twins.D. Because they are genetically identical.60. What is the hope of some imaginative biologists for cloning human beings?A. They want to reproduce a good variety.B. They want to preserve the qualities of great people.C. They hope to breed and copy individuals.D. They hope to produce favorable recombinations.Section BDirections:In this section, there is a short passage with some questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer thequestions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (onAnswer Sheet II).In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough. And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat. It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?”when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten?” It radiates from your face when you say, “Let me impregnate you,”when you meant to say, “Let me give you a hug.”When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into raucous laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread.Remember the old saying, “If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen”? That is exactly what we want to do. And that is where language learning often breaks down. We find the heat uncomfortable and we abort the baking process. It is at just such a point that we retreat from the oven and resort to English, forcing someone else to provide “bread” by being the translator.The willingness to stay in the heat of the oven is part of why kids learn a second language more easily than do adults. For then, the heat is an everyday occurrence already because they are still learning their first language in that same heat. It is not strange to them when they put a new phrase together for the first time and people on the floor in uncontrollable mirth as a result. And the child’s ego is not usually shattered by such an experience.But as adults, we tend to take ourselves so seriously that we are less likely to join in the laughter. We are more likely to recoil in hurt and embarrassment when we are unable to make ourselves understood. And the more educated we are, the more likely we are to take pride in our adult communication skills. When we try to enter a new language community and cannot even sound like a bright child, let alone an educated adult, we may suffer ego damage that we consider too high a price for membership dues. We withdraw our application. We can’t stand the heat, so we got out of the kitchen.(源自《研究生英语精读教程》（上）Unit 1 Further Reading "If You Can't Stand the Heat ..." Line 55-86)S6. The “heat” in this passage is probably refers to the statement of__________________ in our language learning process.S7. “Have you already eaten?” actually is a _________________ when we meet.S8. Children can bear the “heat” because they are ________________________. S9. Why is it that the adults cannot bear the “heat” when they learn a second language?S10. When learning a foreign language we should _________________________.Part IV Translation (20%)Section ADirections:Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your version on Answer Sheet II neatly.Our need for these energy sources somehow makes the problem seem even more intractable than the difficulties caused by that other outstanding product of human ingenuity, nuclear weapons. A study released recently by another group of prominent scientists makes it horribly clear that a large-scale nuclear exchange could produce climatic changes of a different and devastating kind. Following explosions that killed upwards of one billion people right off, a worldwide pall of smoke, soot and other debris would so reduce sunlight that at least half the earth would be plunged into freezing darkness that could last for months and destroy much of what still lives on the planet. But at least, as we study the matter, we can’t kid ourselves that the bombs, like the greenhouse gases, are a spontaneous result of the quest for the good life.(源自《研究生英语精读教程》（上）Unit 4 Text "Tomorrow's Long, Hot Summer" Line 93-103)Section BDirections: Translate the following sentences into English and write your version on Answer Sheet II neatly.互联网是一个面向公众的社会性组织。