高考英语高频词汇表达 阅读训练(DAY 18)含答案解析
2022高考英语3500词汇表达+阅读训练（DAY 18）
Section A 高频词汇讲解以及短语表达
1. protect from 使免受，保护
2. fierce adj. 凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的
词语辨析：这组词都有“残忍的”的意思，区别是：
brutal 指极端的残忍，强调无情或缺乏同情心，含不择手段的意味。
ruthless 与cruel同义。强调为达到目的，对别人的痛苦毫无怜悯之心。
savage 指缺乏文明人应有的教养，尤指在动怒或冲动时表现出的粗野蛮横，含野蛮意味。
fierce 指天性凶恶，令人害怕。
inhuman 着重缺乏同情心、仁爱等人类特有的良好的品质。
barbarous 专指只有原始或未开化的人才会有的残忍行为。
cruel 一般用词，指行动或态度的残忍。
3. mosquito n. 蚊子
4. bite vt. / vi. 咬；刺痛
n. 咬；一口；咬伤；刺痛
常用短语：
bite and sup 饮食
bite the bullet 忍痛，咬紧牙关；强忍痛苦
bite on 取得，尽力想
bite off 咬掉
grab a bite 随便吃几口；先吃点东西垫垫肚子
bite in 侵入；腐蚀
have a bite 咬一口；吃点东西
bite at 咬；叫骂
5. according to 根据，按照；取决于
6. inspection n. 视察，检查
7. contain vt. 包含；控制；容纳；牵制（敌军）
vi. 含有；自制
8. powerful adj. 强大的；强有力的
adv. 很；非常
9. employ vt. 使用，采用；雇用；使忙于，使从事于
n. 使用；雇用
常用短语：
employ in 被…雇佣；受聘于
in the employ of 受雇于
be employed in doing sth. 利用，花费（时间）
10. ending n. 结局；结尾
11. zone n. 地带；地区；联防
vi. 分成区
vt. 使分成地带；环绕
常用短语：in the zone 处于巅峰状态
12. loss n. 减少；亏损；失败；遗失
常用短语：
at a loss 亏本地；困惑不解；茫然不知所措
gain and loss得失
loss of sight 失明
hair loss 脱发
13. burst into laughter 突然大笑；放声大笑
14. respond vi. 回答；作出反应；承担责任
vt. 以……回答
n. 应答；唱和
常用短语：
respond with 回复
respond by 以…方式反应
respond to 应对;作出回应;作出反应
15.decrease vt./vi. 减少，减小
n. 减小；减少量
常用短语：
on the decrease 在减少中
decrease by 减少了……
decrease to 减少到
16. income n. 收入，收益；所得
词语辨析：这组词都有“工资、收入”的意思，区别是：
fee 指提供某种服务收取的固定费用。
earnings 多指通过劳动或投资等手段所得到的收入。
wage 多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资。
allowance 指收入中的补贴部分。
income 与earnings含义很相近，但前者强调总收入。
pay 是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.
salary 指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。
16.appreciate vt. 欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别
vi. 增值；涨价
常用短语：
appreciate sth. 欣赏；鉴赏；赏识...
18. pay attention to 注意；重视
19. importance n. 重要性；重要地位，显著
20. protection n. 保护；防卫；护照
21. succeed in 成功；在…方面成功；顺利完成
22. in peace 和平地；安静，宁静；安祥地
23. in relief 松了口气；如释重负
Section B 阅读理解强化训练
Passage 1
Growing up in my household meant often hearing live music.When I was six years old,I took a traditional Irish step dance class.I fell in love and stuck with it for the next seven years.During that time my father also became more involved in the Irish music world,so he would play,and I would dance.My ethnic heritage (族裔归属) is German and Irish,but because I was surrounded by traditional Irish music and dance in my home,I have grown to be more interested in and connected to my Irish heritage.
When I started interning (实习) for the Folklife Festival,I became interested in traditional Basque music and dance and I learned that their experience with dance is very similar to my own.
There are so far over 170 Basque organizations in 24 countries,with a greater population of Basques outside of the Basque country than in it.The separation they experience from their homeland is both physical and psychological,so being part of a group with the same interests is an important social support system.These organizations contribute to the continuation of Basque culture,language,and community,and encourage future generations to learn about their ethnic heritage.One of the ways through which they achieve this is dance.
While learning and performing Basque dances,they connect to their heritage,experience a part of their homeland,preserve Basque culture,and create connections and friendships that last a lifetime.
Californian Valerie Arrechea began teaching alongside her father at the age of thirteen and on her own at sixteen.For her,dance is her preferred expression of heritage;it provides a way to be proud of her Basque heritage.
The dance performances of North American Basque organizations have developed the interest of non-Basque Americans as well.Janet Iribarne from the Basque Dancers explained that their organization is open to anyone,and after seeing her group perform,several of her non-Basque friends have developed their own love of Basque traditions as well.
1.What is the reason for the author’s preference for Irish dance?
A.Her dance teacher.
B.Her love of Irish music.
C.Her interning experience.
D.Her family’s strong root in dance.
2.What is the purpose of Basque organizations?
A.To help Basques in need.
B.To preserve Basque culture.
C.To provide medical treatment for Basques.
D.To support overseas Basque children for education.
3.What’s non-Basque Americans’ attitude towards Basque dance?
A.They show no interest in it.
B.They find it difficult to learn.
C.They are enthusiastic about it.
D.They are concerned about its future.
Passage 2
The island of Cuba is no bigger than Pennsylvania.Yet when it comes to nature,the island is one of the most important places on the planet.That is the message of ¡Cuba!,an exhibit that opened in November at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH),in New York City.
“The biodiversity (生物多样性) of Cuba is part of Cuban identity,”Ana Luz Porzecanski says.She is the director of the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation at AMNH and one of the two curators (a person in charge of a museum exhibit) of the exhibit.
Detailed recreations of four habitats transport typical parts of Cuba’s landscapes and seascapes to New York.They include ancient caves and a network of reefs.One area features live anole lizards,a Cuban tree frog,and a Cuban boa.
Cuba boasts more than 6,500 species of plants,161 kinds of reptiles,65 types of amphibians,42 species of mammals,and 367 bird species.One of those is the bee hummingbird.Weighing far less than an ounce (about 28 grams),it is the smallest bird on Earth.
Much of the wildlife found in Cuba exists only there.That gives scientists a unique opportunity to study how plants and animals develop and survive.
“Cuba is a very exciting place for us to look at all these different processes,”says Christopher Raxworthy.He is in charge of one department of the museum and a cocurator of the exhibit.“But that also creates great challenges for conservation.”
Climate change is threatening Cuba’s wildlife.Some species may even disappear.The country is taking steps to protect its plants and animals.But AMNH hopes ¡Cuba! will show how important the country’s natural world is to everyone.
1.What can be known about ¡Cuba!?
A.It shows Cuba’s rich biodiversity.
B.It compares the islands on the planet.
C.It features Cuba’s social development.
D.It opens in a museum in Pennsylvania.
2.What does the underlined word “boasts” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A.Increases.
B.Needs.
C.Has.
D.Expects.
3.What does Christopher find challenging?
A.To organize the exhibition.
B.To observe plants and animals.
C.To study the unique species of Cuba.
D.To protect the native wildlife of Cuba.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Cuba fights climate change
B.Travel from Cuba to America
C.Wildlife conservation faces threat
D.AMNH’s Cuba exhibit explores biodiversity
Section C 七选五综合练习
Passage 3
I finished training as a nurse in Auckland and I was expecting to get a job in a small hospital somewhere.But then a friend told me about Volunteer Now.I’d always wanted to go to an African country and use my nursing skills to help people.And here was a chance to do that,so I decided to apply.1I got one hospital to sponsor me and then I borrowed some money from the bank.
So I went to Madagascar and joined a team of people working with a local supervisor. 2
By going round villages,we taught basic ways to improve hygiene (卫生) and to avoid catching diseases.For example,we gave instruction about how to avoid catching malaria (疟疾) and distributed mosquito nets to some of the homes.I think we did some good.I hope so anyway.
3I was suddenly in a completely different culture,teaching people who had such a different lifestyle from my own.It made a big difference to the way I see the world.And I also made some very good friends out there,both local people and the other volunteers.4 After I came back,I got accepted straight away for a job at the university hospital.5 I’m sure I wouldn’t have managed to do that if I hadn’t worked in Madagascar and got this practical experience.
A.We set up a program there.
B.I also got a lot from this program.
C.It is one of the best hospitals in Auckland.
D.So I’d recommend Volunteer Now to anyone.
E.I failed to take the opportunity though I could.
F.I had to raise $500 before I went,but that was quite easy.
G.We had such good times together and we’ve kept in touch since then.
参考答案
Passage 1
1.D根据第一段中的“because I was surrounded by...to my Irish heritage.”可知,作者喜欢爱尔兰舞蹈是源于家庭氛围的熏陶。
2.B根据第三段中的“These organizations contribute to the continuation of Basque culture,language,and community,and encourage future generations to learn about their ethnic heritage”可知,这些巴斯克组织旨在保护、传承传统文化。
3.C根据末段中的“The dance performances of North American Basque organizati ons have developed the interest of non-Basque Americans as well”可知,其他美国人对巴斯克舞蹈感兴趣。
Passage 2
1.A由第一段中的“when it comes to nature,the island is one of the most important places on the planet.That is the message of¡Cuba!”以及第二段中的“The biodiversity of Cuba is part of Cuban identity”可知,¡Cuba!是在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的一次展览,主要展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。
2.C由划线词后的“6,500 species of plants,161 kinds of reptiles,65 types of amphibians,42 species of mammals,and 367 bird species”可知,古巴拥有6500种植物、161种爬行动物、65种两栖动物、42种哺乳动物和367种鸟类,这也照应了上文中提到的古巴丰富的生物多样性。
3.D由倒数第二段中的“But that also creates great challenges for conservation”可知,保护古巴的野生动植物是一大挑战。
4.D通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了在纽约的美国自然历史博物馆举办的展览¡Cuba!展示了古巴丰富的生物多样性。D项作标题符合文章主旨。
Passage 3
1.F后一句讲的是作者如何筹到经费,而与经费相关的是F项。
2.A该空前谈到作者去了马达加斯加并加入了一个医疗队,该空后讲到作者所在的医疗队教人们改善卫生和预防疾病的基本方法,A项在此承上启下。
3.B本段讲述了这段经历给“我”带来的益处,故选B项。
4.G该空前讲到“我”跟一些当地人和其他志愿者成了好朋友,G项承接上文,说明“我们”的相处情况和后续发展。
5.C C项中的one of the best hospitals与上文the university hospital相照应,说明这家医院的情况。
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