高级英语第五课修辞
高级英语第三版第一册1-6课修辞汇总
高级英语第三版（1-6课除去5）修辞汇总Metaphor （暗喻）1.We can battle down and ride it out.2.Wind and rain now whipped the house.3.Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi.4.As a result the nerves of both duke and duchess were excessively frayed when themuted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.5.His wife shot him a swift, warning glance.6.…anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous trials inU.S. history.7.By the time the trial began on July 10, our town of 1,500 people had taken on acircus atmosphere.8.The streets around the three-storey red brick law court sprouted with ricketystands selling hot…9.After the preliminary sparring over legalities, Darrow got up to make his openingstatement.10.The crowed seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels withthe hot breath of his oratory as he should have.11.…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.12.The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of theMississippi River, main in artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. 13.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silverfever in Nevada's Washoe region.14.For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and thepersistent, and was rebuffed.15.From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging hisway to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.16.He boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopefulyoung writers.17.Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had…Simile(明喻)1.and the group heard gun-like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated.Water rose above their ankles.2.The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade.3.The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away.4.Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown-down power linescoiled like black spaghetti over the roads.5.Telephone poles and 2O-inoh-thiok pines cracked like suns as the winds snapped.6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie fire.Personification(拟人)1. A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off thehouse and skimmed it 40feet through the air.2.America laughed with him.3.Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughTransferred Epithet(移就)1.Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from theirspectacular vantage point。
高级英语修辞手法和各课举例
常用修辞手法：1. 比喻比喻就是打比方。
可分为明喻和暗喻：明喻(simile)：用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。
例如：O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。
The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。
他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。
暗喻(metaphor)：用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。
例如：He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。
The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。
2. 换喻(metonymy)用一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。
如the White House 代美国政府或总统，用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol。
His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。
3. 提喻(synecdoche)指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。
例如：He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节农场缺乏劳动力。
Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。
高级英语修辞总结
Rhetorical Devices一、明喻simile是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现;常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等,例如：1、This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇;2、He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me likea spirit.他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去;3、It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 它那长长的叶子在风中摆动,好像伸出纤细的手指去触摸什么东西似的;二、隐喻metaphor这种比喻不通过比喻词进行,而是直接将用事物当作乙事物来描写,甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的;1、German guns and German planes rained down bombs, shells and bullets...德国人的枪炮和飞机将炸弹、炮弹和子弹像暴雨一样倾泻下来;2、The diamond department was the heart and center of the store.钻石部是商店的心脏和核心;三、Allusion暗引其特点是不注明来源和出处,一般多引用人们熟知的关键词或词组,将其融合编织在作者的话语中;引用的东西包括典故、谚语、成语、格言和俗语等;英语引用最多的是源出圣经故事以及希腊、罗马神话、伊索寓言和那些源远流长的谚语、格言等;例如：1、Grammar may be his heel of Achilles.语法是他的大弱点;Achilles是希腊神话中的一位勇士;除了脚踵处,他身上其他地方刀枪不入;2、The project is an economic albatross from the start.这个项目从一开始就是一个摆脱不了的经济难题;Albatross是英国诗人柯勒律治的古舟子咏中的信天翁,它被忘恩负义的水手杀死后,全船陷入灾难中;四、提喻synecdoche又称举隅法,主要特点是局部代表全体,或以全体喻指部分,或以抽象代具体,或以具体代抽象;例如：1、The Great Wall was made not only of stones and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.长城不仅是用石头和土建造的,而且是用几百万人的血和肉建成的;句中的“the flesh and blood”喻为“the great sacrifice”巨大的牺牲2、“...saying that it was the most beautiful tongue in the world,...”……他说这是世界上最美的语言;这里用具体的“tongue”代替抽象的“language”;3、Many eyes turned to a tall,20—year black girl on the . team.很多人将眼光投向美国队一个高高的20岁的黑姑娘;这里的“many eyes”代替了“many persons”;五、转喻/借代metonymy是指两种不同事物并不相似,但又密不可分,因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种;1、Several years later, word came that Napoleonyh himself was coming to inspect them... 几年以后,他们听说拿破仑要亲自来视察他们;“word”在这里代替了“news, information”消息、信息2、Al spoke with his eyes, “yes”.艾尔用眼睛说,“是的”;“说”应该是嘴的功能,这里实际上是用眼神表达了“说话的意思”;六、拟人personification这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上,使之人格化,以物拟人,以达到彼此交融,合二为一;1、Necessity is the mother of invention.需要乃是发明之母;2、She is the favoured child of Fortune她是幸运之宠儿;两句中名词mother和child通常用于人,而这里分别用于无生命的名词invention 和Fortune,使这两个词拟人化了;七、夸张hyperbole这是运用丰富的想象,过激的言词,渲染和装饰客观事物,以达到强调的效果;1、My blood froze. 我的血液都凝固了;2、When I told our father about this, his heart burst.当我将这件事告诉我们的父亲时,他的心几乎要迸出来;3、My heart almost stopped beating when I heard my daughter’s voice on the phone.从电话里一听到我女儿的声音,我的心几乎停止跳动;八、Understatement: 含蓄陈述It is the opposite of hyperbole, or overstatement. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.1、 It is no laughing matter.九、双关语pun是以一个词或词组,用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来,以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果;Napoleon was astonished. ”Either you are mad, or I am,”he declared. “Both,sir”cried the Swede proudly.“Both”一词一语双关,既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子,又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役;十、讽刺irony是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义,从而达到使本义更加幽默,更加讽刺的效果;Well, of course, I knew that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.啊,当然,我知道像你这样的先生只带大票子;店员这句话意在讽刺这位穿破衣的顾客：像你这样的人怎么会有大票子呢名为“gentlemen”实则“beg gar”而已;十一、Euphemism委婉修辞法就是用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话,把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来;这在汉语中叫委婉语;例如：用sanitation engineer替代garbage man清洁工用the disadvantaged替代the poor穷人用industrial action替代strike罢工十二、Transferred epithet移就/转类形容词是采用表示性质和特征的形容词或相当于形容词的词来修饰、限定与它根本不同属性的名词;这种修辞手法能与汉语中的移就基本相似;例如：The doctor's face expressed a kind of doubting admiration.用"疑惑"修饰限定"钦佩"医生的脸上流露出钦佩而又带有疑惑的神情;十三、矛盾修辞法Oxymoron用两种不相调和,甚至截然相反的特征来形容一项事物,在矛盾中寻求哲理,以便收到奇警的修辞效果,这就是矛盾修辞法,用这种方法,语言精炼简洁,富有哲理,并产生强大的逻辑力量,产生一种出人意料,引人入胜的效果;例如：in bitter-sweet memories, orderly chaos混乱 and proud humility侮辱.十四、仿拟Parody根据家喻户晓的成语或谚语,临时更换其中的某个部分,造成新的成语或谚语；或者根据古今名言警句,在保持其原句不变的情况下,更换其中部分词语,这种修辞方式叫仿拟;1、To lie or not to lie-the doctor's dilemma撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题看到这个标题,我们不禁想起莎翁戏剧Hamlet中那个永远也解不透的句子“To be or not to be, that is the question”;显然,文章的题目由此模仿而来,给人印象深刻;2、Lady hermits who are down but not out穷困而不潦倒的女隐士们文中的down but not out 源于down and out,原是拳击比赛的术语,后来喻指穷困潦倒的人;十五、Antithesis 对句、平行对照它是把意义相反或相对的语言单位排列在平行、对称的结构里,以求取一种匀称的形式美和强烈的对照感;Antithesis 有两个特点:一是语义上的对照性,二是结构上的对称性;因此, 该辞格可看作是Parallelism平行与Contrast 对照的结合,故译作“平行对照”;体现Antithesis 的语言单位可分为两个层次,即词语和句子, 所以又将Antithesis 译为“对语”、“对句”;英语Antithesis 形式整齐对称,音律节奏铿锵,内容既适于反衬对照,又适于重复强调,在形、音、义各方面都具有鲜明的修辞功能;Antithesis 的使用能揭示事物的矛盾性,对照的语句往往说得巧妙机智,寓意深刻,蕴含着某种人生的哲理或真谛,常见于英语谚语、名言、演说及文学作品中;例如: 1、Knowledge makes humble , ignorance makes proud. Proverb有知使人谦卑, 无知使人骄矜;2、A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities ; an optimist is onewho makes opportunities of his difficulties.悲观的人把机会变成困难; 乐观的人将困难化为机会;3、Ask not what your country can do for you —ask what you can do for your country. John Kennedy: Inaugural Address不要问国家能为你们做些什么,而要问你们能为国家做些什么;上述两个例句体现了一种特殊的Antithesis ,句中同样采用“交错配列法”,用词巧妙,交叉重复,前后对照,含义隽永;十六、头韵法alliteration头韵是一种语音修辞方式,它指在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组,其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音,以增强语言的节奏感;常用于文章的标题、诗歌及广告语中,简明生动,起到突出重点,加深印象,平衡节奏,宣泄感情的作用;How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, success, and sadness.十七、拟声onomatopoeia是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音,其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似,使语言显得生动,富有表现力;1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.在学校房屋的屋顶上一些鸽子正轻轻地咕咕叫着;2、She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt——sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.她使我接触到所有够得着的或者感觉得到的东西,如阳光呀,丝绸摆动时的沙沙声呀,昆虫的叫声呀,开门的吱嗄声呀,亲人的说话声呀;十八、Epigram: 警句It states a simple truth pithily有利地 and pungently强烈地. It is usually terse and arouses interest and surprise by its deep insight into certain aspects of human behavior or feeling., save the poor, feel for the poor.十九、Climax: 渐进It is derived from the Greek word for "ladder" and implies the progression of thought at a uniform or almost uniform rate of significance or intensity, like the steps of a ladder ascending evenly.came, I saw, I conquered.二十、Chiasmus回文、交错法两个排比结构中第二个所用的修辞上的倒装She went to Paris; to New York went he.二十一、Paradox似非而是的隽语这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法消极修辞Passive Rhetoric Techniques 和积极修辞Active~积极修辞Active Rhetoric Techniques有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧;常见分类如下：1．词义修辞格Lexical Stylistic Devicesmetaphor比喻, metonymy借代, personification拟人, irony反语, hyperbole夸张,understatement低调, euphemism委婉语, contrast对照, oxymoron矛盾修辞法,transferred epithet移就, pun双关, parody仿拟, paradox隽语2．结构修辞格Syntactical Stylistic Devicesrepetition反复, , chiasmus回文, parallelism平行结构, antithesis对句, rhetoric question设问, anticlimax突降,climax 渐进3．音韵修辞格Phonetic Stylistic Devicesalliteration头韵, onomatopoeia拟声高级英语第五册修辞1. Allusion:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until that day… none shall be afraid. a biblical allusion: the 1ion and the lamb shall lie down together; every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraidL5-64: We went to the Knoll, the campus trysting place, and we sat down under an old oak… An implied allusion to Robin Hood, whose trysting place was undera huge oak tree in Sherwood Forest.L5-138: I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein, and my monster had me by the throat. L10-8: Overnight… surreal episodes…a sword of Damocles2. Parody:L10-25: Is our democracy… of libertyThis is a parody of a line in Patrick Henry’s speech: “Is life so dear or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery ”3. Metonymy:L4-1: No demand was made upon the family purse. “purse” stands for moneyL4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. Butcher’s bills stand for meat bought from a butcher.L5-23: She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions. But 1 was not one to let my heart rule my head. to let my heart rule my head: Metonymy. “Heart”stands for “feelings and emotions” and “head” for “reason and good sense”.L5-105: …surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation. X-rays stand for X-rays photographsL10-2: Anthrax panic… chambers “Congress” stands for its members4. Synecdoche:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall… a mighty stream.city hall the naming of a part to mean the whole. Here, the naming of the building for thegovernmentL4-2: But to show you how little I deserve to be called a professional woman…with my neighbors. bread and butter: This set phrase means food and the mostimportant and basic things.5. Transferred epithet:L1-25: Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls… the forces of justice. the tragic wallsL5-40: I said with a mysterious wink… the wink was not mysteriousL7-6: our bare upper bodies touching and shining with anticipatory sweat In “anticipatory sweat”, the adjective “anticipatory “ is atransferred epithet.L7-25: He kept coming, bringing the rank sharp violence of stale sweat. the rank sharp violence: Logically rank and sharp modify “stale sweat”, not “violence”.6. Oxymoron:L12-16: And any man or woman… chalice of Fame. willingly drinking the poisoned chalice7. Hyperbole:L5-5: It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. exaggerating for effectL5-50: …he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. It’s an exaggeration to describe his longing for the coat as “mad lust”L5-135: You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.L5-135: I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.8. Understatement or litotes:L5-61: This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first 1 was tempted to give her back to Petey. no small dimensions9. Contrast:L3-22: A contrast is made between old Shanghai and Shanghai in the 1990s.L8-3: While Oppenheimer was interrupting…. had invented the subject. an implied contrastL10-25: How do we… poiseparanoia vs. poise10. Antithesis:L1-5: As long as. . . can never be free. mind vs. body, enslaved vs. freeL1-5: Psychological freedom. . . physical slavery. psychological freedom vs. physical slaveryL1-7: …love is identified…denial of love 1ove vs. power, a resignation of power vs. denial of loveL1-19: For through violence…but you can’t murder hate. You may murder a murderer but you can’t murder murder.L1-25: outer city of wealth and comfort vs. inner city of poverty and despair; wealth vs. poverty economic;comfort vs. despairmood, psychologydark yesterdays vs. bright tomorrows;segregated schools vs. integrated educationon the basis of the content of their character vs. on the basis of the color of their skincontentsubstance vs. color superficialcharacterfundamental vs. skin outward appearanceL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow.dark yesterday VS. bright tomorrowL5-27: It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.beautiful dumb vs. ugly smartL5-50: Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.Desire waxing vs. resolution waningL5-153: Look at me—a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey—a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Brilliant, intellectual and assured vs. knot-head, jitterbug and never know where his next meal is coming from”11. Epigram:L1-20: He who hates… ultimate reality.12. Paradox:L1-18: Without recognizing this…that don’t explain.paralleled paradoxes: solutions that don’t solveanswers that don’t answerexplanations that don’t explainL1-27: When our days…into bright tomorrow. to make a way out of no way13. Chiasmus:L1-9: It is precisely this collision… of our times. immoral power vs. powerless moralityL6-6: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.14. Anaphora:L1-25: let us be dissatisfied…15. Onomatopoeia:L3-14: click。
(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册1—6课修辞
Lesson11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson41 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil andluxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语Lesson5修辞The Libido for the Ugly
Theme: The innate love of ugliness in US is a pathological(病态的) problem. dreadful, hideous, bleak, appalling,
forlorn, revolting, macabre, monstrousness, leprous, misshapen, dingy, loathsome, obscene, putrid, ghastly, leprous, uremic, eczematous
Inversion
Parallelism
repetition
transferred epithet
Synecdoche 提喻 Rhetorical question
Speech Contents
Hyperbole in L5
superlative
(Para 1) “the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth” (Para 1) “Here was wealth ….disgraced a race of ally cats.（流浪猫）”
Emphasizing
Definition of Hyperbole :
A deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.
Hyperbole in L5:
They amplify both prosperity and ugliness of Westmoreland, which provoke the curiosity and imagination of readers.
高英1-5课所有课文修辞
Figures of speech: simile明喻, metaphor暗喻, personification拟人, synecdoche提喻, parody.anticlimax突降, metonymy转喻, repetition重复, exaggeration夸张, euphemism委婉语, antonomasia换称,1) Little monkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar.(metaphor)-----Page1,Lesson1. 2) It grows louder and more distinct ,until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes ,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers.(metaphor and personification)---------- P2,L1. 暗喻拟人3) The dye-market ,the pottery-market ,and the carpenters’ market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar.(metaphor)-----P3,L14) Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai, where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while… (personification)------P3, L1. 拟人5) It is a vast ,somber cavern of a room ,some thirty feet high and sixty feet square , and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick roof are only dimly visible.(metaphor)---P4,L1暗喻6) There were fresh bows ,and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)------P15,L2 提喻7) “Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters”. (anticlimax)----P15, L2. 突降8) But later my hair began to fall out , and my belly turned to water .I felt sick ,and ever since then they have been testing and treating me .(alliteration)-----P17, L2.9) Acre by acre ,the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef .(alliteration)-----P30,L3 头韵10) According to our guide ,the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America-which means we are silently thousands of songs we have everheard .(metonymy)----P31,L3. 转喻11) What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky?(metaphor)---P32,L3. 暗喻12) Have you ever seen a lame animal ,perhaps dog run over by some careless person rich enough to own a car ,sidle up to someone who is ignorant enough to be kind of him?(metaphor)暗喻13) And she stops and tries to dig a well in the sand with her toe. (exaggeration)----P58, L4. 夸张14) I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out .(exaggeration)15) After I tripped over it two or three times he told me to just call himHakim-a-barber.(metaphor)-------P60,L4. 暗喻16) “Maggie’s brain is like an elephant’s”.Wangerosaid ,laughing .(ironic)—P62, L4.反讽17) You didn’t even have to look close to see where hands pushing the dasher upand down to make butter had left a kind of sink in thewood .(metaphor)----P62,L4. 暗喻18) “Mama,”Wangero said sweet as a bird .“can I have these old quilts?”(simile)---P63, L4.明喻19) She gasped like a bee had stung her .(simile) 明喻20) Churchill ,he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the archanti-communist ,this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon.(metaphor) 21) If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devilin the House of Commons.(exaggeration)----P79,L5.22) But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfolding.(metaphor)I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on likea swarm of crawling locusts.(simile)明喻24）I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land ,guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from timeimmemorial.(Metaphor)----P79, L5.暗喻25）I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky ,street smarting from many a British whipping to find what they believe is an easier and a saferprey.(Metaphor)---P80, L5.暗喻26) We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. Weshall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air.(Parallelism)排比。
(完整word版)高级英语上册1-10课修辞
Figures of speech：rhetorical question simile, Parody metaphor, personification, synecdoche，anticlimax, metonymy，repetition，exaggeration, euphemism, antonomasia, parody。
periodic sentence irovy etc。
Lesson11）You pass from the heat and glare of a big，open square into a cool,dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see，losing itself in the shadowy distance.—metaphor2)The din of the stall-holders crying their wares，of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously，and of would—be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy。
——parallel construction3）Bargaining is the order of the day,and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop，selecting,pricing,and doing a little preliminary bargainging before they narrow dowen their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.—metaphor4）It grows louder and more distinct，until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes,as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers。
高级英语第五课修辞手法分析
高级英语第五课修辞手法分析预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制1. Irony(反讽) is the use of words that the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice that shows this.(1)I award this champion only after laborious research and incessant prayer. (L.1, Para.5)(2)It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devotedall the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (L.14, Para.5)(3)It is incredible that mere ignorance should have achieved such masterpieces of horror.(L.11,Para.6)2. Sarcasm(讽刺) is a way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them.(1) Obviously, if there were architects of any professional sense or dignity in the region, they would have perfected a chalet to hug the hillsides… (L.6, Para.3)(2) They are incomparable in color, and they are incomparable in design. (L.13, Para.5)3. Ridicule(嘲讽) refers to unkind comments that make fun of somebody/something or make them look silly.(1) When it has taken on the patina of the mills it is the color of an egg long past all hope or caring. (L.2, Para.4)(2) They made it perfect in their own sight by putting a completely impossible penthouse, painteda staring yellow, on top of it. (L.15, Para.8)4. Understatement(低调陈述) is the opposite of hyperbole. It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately understating it, impressing the listeners or the readers more by what is merely implied or left unsaid than by bare statement.(1) The country itself is not uncomely, despite the grime of the endless mills. （L.1, Para.3）5. Antonomasia(换称) is a figure of speech that involves the use of epithet or title in place of a name, and also the use of a proper name in place of a common noun.(1) Safe in a Pullman, I have whirled through the gloomy, God-forsaken villages of Iowa and Kansas, and the malarious tidewater hamlets of Georgia. (L.7, Para5)6. Antithetical Contrast(反衬对比) is a figure of speech combined by antithesis and contrast, and often has two sharply contrasting ideas balanced across a sentence (or neighboring sentences) (1) Here was the very heart of industrial America, the center of its most lucrative and characteristic activity, the boast and pride of the richest and grandest nation ever seen on earth—and here was a sense so dreadfully hideous, so intolerably bleak and forlorn that it reduced the whole aspiration of man to a macabre and depressing joke. (L.5, Para.1)(2) Here was wealth beyond computation, almost beyond imagination—and here were habitations so abominable that they would have disgraced a race of alley cats. (L.10, Para1)7. Hyperbole(夸张) is a way of speaking or writing that makes something should be better, more exciting, dangerous, etc. than it really is.(1) What I allude to is the unbroken and agonizing ugliness, the sheer revolting monstrousness, of every house in sight. (L.2,Para.2)(2) From East Liberty to Greensburg, a distance of twenty-five miles, there was not one in sight from the train that did not insult and lacerate the eye. (L.3, Para.2)(3) But in Westmoreland they prefer that uremic yellow, and so they have the most loathsome towns and villages ever seen by mortal eye. (L.8, Para.4)(4) I have seen, I believe, all of the most unlovely towns of the world; they are all to be found in the United States. (L.2, Para.5)(5) It is as if some titanic and aberrant genius, uncompromisingly inimical to man, had devoted all the ingenuity of Hell to the making of them. (L.14, Para.5)8. Metaphor(暗喻) is a figure of speech that describes something by referring to it as something else, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.(1) Here was the very heart of industrial America… (L.5, Para.1)(2)…on their low sides they bury themselves swinishly in the mud. ((L.17, Para. 3)(3) And one and all they are streaked in grime, with dead and eczematous patches of paint peeping through the streaks. (L.20, Para.3)(4) The effect is that of a fat woman with a black eye. It is that of a Presbyterian grinning. (L.17, Para.8)(5) Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hates truth. (L.3, Para.9)9. Simile(明喻) is a figure of speech that often uses the words like or as, etc. to make a comparison between to unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.(1) …one blinked before them as one blinks before a man with face shot away. (L.7, Para.2)(2) …a crazy little church just west of Jeannette, set like a dormer window on the side of a bare leprous hill… (L.9, Para.2)(3) …a steel stadium like a huge rat-trap somewhere further down the line. (L.12, Para.2)10. Rhetorical Question(修辞疑问句) is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for its persuasive effect without the expectation of a reply. Rhetorical question encourages the listener to think about what the answer (often obvious) to the question might be.(1) But what have they done? (L.11, Para.3)(2) Was it necessary to adopt that shocking color? (L.4, Para.4)(3) Are they so frightful because the valley is full of foreigners—dull, intense brutes, with no love of beauty in them? (L.1, Para.6)(4) Then why did not these foreigners set up similar abominations in the countries that they came from? (L.2, Para.6)。
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And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age.(para.4) metaphor
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Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…implied promise that their owners would be rendered sexually irresistible. (para.8)
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pens象征年轻作家们的作品，而Babbitt try 指的是美国小说《巴比特》中主人公的特征 。
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As it become more and more fashionable throughout the country for young persons to defy the law and the conflagration of “flaming youth”, it was Greenwich village that fanned the flames.(para.8) metaphor 此处运用了暗喻，分别将年轻人的反叛和种种叛 逆行为比作了一场大火和助燃的小火柴。
此处运用了暗喻，将《美国的文明》一书比作 聚集点。
5/2/2014
…, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but emigrate to Europe where “they do things better.”(para.9) personification metonymy exaggeration 此处美国拟人为有视听能力的人，并运用转喻 这一修辞，用美元的闪烁和叮当声代指金钱的 魅力。此外，作者还使用了夸张的手法，指代 整个国家除了能看到钱，对其他一概视而不见 。
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after the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry,…artistic center…(para.7) metonymy
此处使用了暗喻的修辞，将年轻人的狂野行为和 自我放纵比作短暂的狂欢，将逃避者比作醉酒的 狂欢者。
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Greenwich village set the pattern.(para.7)
metonymy 转喻 Many writers and artists came to live in Greenwich village, and many other young intellectuals followed their footsteps.
metonymy
作者使用pulpit来指代教堂，属于转喻。该 句在讲这场反叛大潮是如何从教堂、影视作品 和杂志读物上获得正式承认的。
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Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Balleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry … play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (para.8) metaphor 此处运用了暗喻，将“反叛”比作“玩玩具” 。
Figures of speech
修辞手法
The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young…(para.1) Transferred epithet 移就 形容词nostalgic和curious的用法属 于移位修饰，真正修饰的对象是the middle-age和the young。 点
点 击
The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitating…(para.3) Simile 明喻 此处运用明喻，将战争比作催化剂—— 战争只是加速而非导致了维多利亚式社会 结构的崩溃。
Metaphor 暗喻 此处运用了暗喻的修辞，将狭隘的 道德规范比作人造围墙。所谓的 international stature意指美国在世 界上的重要地位。
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…,it become increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.(para.3) Metaphor 暗喻 将取得成功的过程比作一场战争， 暗示了其中不可避免的残酷性。
添
But at the same time it was tempted, in America at least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of bohemian immorality.(para.4) Transferred epithet 形容词naughty和alcoholic在此处的使用属于 移位修饰，真正地被修饰语是youth，指年轻 人没有规矩，酗酒成瘾。
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An important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, written by “thirty intellectuals” under the editorship of …, was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with American. (para.9) metaphor
击 添
…we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.(para.2)