英国文学作家,作品主要特征风格(吐血整理)
人书脑1. WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616Romeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othello奥塞罗;King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;；Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Tempest暴风风雨;RenaissanceShakespearian sonnet14行诗Not for an age, but for all time. 永垂不朽Quatrain 成组句Couplet 对偶句2 John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674(The phases ofMilton's lifeparallel themajor historicaland politicaldivisions inStuart Britain.)L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica论出版自由;The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩;The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙Milton's poetry and prose reflect1. deep personal convictions2. a passion for freedom andself-determination3. the urgent issues andpolitical turbulence4. achieved internationalrenown within his lifetime.1. Rich and complex texture,multiplicity of the classical (Biblicaland mythological) references,wealth of ornament anddecoration2. Subjects are magnificent3. The characters are human andbelievable4. In the ending, life not death istriumphantRomantic poets William Blake andPercy Shelley, who saw Satan asthe real hero of the poem and arebel against the tyranny ofHeaven........Winston Churchill Daniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福 1. D had a gift for organizing3 1660-17311. The Fatherof the EnglishFiction2. firstimportantEnglishnovelist 标志着近代英国小说的形成3. versatile 多产的Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事》1722The Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径》Hymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated thelyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his firstironic poem & the most successful poem.minute detail---both credible andfascinating.2. His sentences are sometimesshort and plain,sometimes longand rambling---an impression ofcasual narration.3. His language is smooth, easy,and mostly vernacular地方的.everything is common English atits best instead of artificial..3.His novels enjoy a popularityamong middle class.1. Sings the praises of labour2. Beautifies the colonialism3. Reflects the aggressive andbrave image of the rising Englishbourgeoisie4. Belaud the individualism.5. Affirm the power of human,espcially the force of reason4 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 ( a master of satire )Dublin ,Irelandan attack on pedantry(买弄学问)1. in the form of a parable2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack on ChristianityitselfLilliput 小人国--the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党)Brobdingnag 大人国---a satire on English lords andladiesFlying Island 飞岛国---corrupted philosophers &projectorsCountry of the Horses 智马国---the conflicts of Englishsocietyand peoplesimple, clear, vigorous language;direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly irony & powerful satire.1. SatireSwift was a man of great moralintegrity and social charm.His satire is usually masked byan outward gravity and anapparent earnestness whichrenders his satire all the morepowerful.2. Simplicity and DirectnessSwift is always mostunsurpassed in the writing. Hedefined a good style as “properwords in proper places.”5 Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁1707-1754 Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传--epistolary novel 书信体小说1.He firmly believed theeducational function of literature（英国现实主义小说的奠基者）Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚2.The purpose of the novel was not just to amuse, but to instruct 3.“the just copies of human manners”(人类态度的完整拷贝）1.The first to give the modern novel its structure and style2.Third-person narration “all-knowing God”3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous6 Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796(the nationalpoet ofScotland 苏格兰民族诗人) Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;1.Love & friendship2.The natural beauty of hisnative Scotland3.The patriotism of hiscompatriots and their struggle forliberty7 William Blake布莱克1757-1827(a precursor ofRomanticism inEnglish poetry浪漫主义先驱)Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌；(simple without being naive; childlike without being childish;innocent without being insipid乏味）The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;名诗：Lamb; London; The Tiger1.Inner spiritual freedom of theindividual2.Plain, simple, direct, immensemeaning3.Vision images4.Symbolism8 WilliamWordsworth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 （Poet Laureate桂冠诗人）(developed and cherished a love of nature)Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（mark the break with 18th century classicism and thebeginning of romanticism in English poetry）;The Solitary ReaperComposed upon Westminster BridgeNatureOrdinary peopleOrdinary lifeAl good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerfulfeelings."Preface" :classic statement of Romanticpoetry principles;manifesto of the English Romanticmovement in poetryThe function of poetry lies in itspower to give an unexpectedsplendor to familiar andcommonplace things, to“incidents and situations fromcommon life.”All kinds of people,ordinary peasants, children, evenoutcasts, can enter poetry.1.He advocated using thelanguage of common people.2.Imagination was very importantin poetic creation.9 Jane Austin简·奥斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion 劝导Northanger Abbey诺桑觉Lady SusanThe watsonsSanditon1.Her earliest fictional venturesare full of charming and delicatecomedy.2.She was almost uninfluenced, bythe current fashions in fiction orby the revolutionary ideas.3.Simple stories ofcommonplace people of theupper middle class.4.Her works show a wealth ofcharacter studies, and abound inwit, humor and charm.She never touched upon the classconflicts of her time, and in herworks the extremes of wealth andpoverty are unknown.She restricted her subject, matterto a narrow range of society andevents: a quiet, prosperous,middle-class circle in provincialsurroundings.She treated her writing materialwith such subtlety of observation,depth of psychologicalpenetration and delicacy of touchthat she is ranked among the bestof English novelists.1 0 GeorgeGordon Byron乔治·拜伦1788-1824Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;Edinburgh ReviewEnglish Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰罗德·哈罗德游记;Hebrew Melodies 歌谣集Prison of ChillonManfred曼弗雷德;Byron’s poetry exerted greatinfluence on the RomanticMovement, owing to his attackson political, religious and moralhypocrisy, to the romanticcharacter of “Byronic Hero”andto the easy, natural beauty of hisverse.Cain 该隐Don Juan唐·璜She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行1 1 Percy ByssheShelley波西·比希·雪莱1792-1822 Queen Mab麦布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯;The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England致英国人民;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;1. Shelly was a revolutionary and ademocrat. He was fighting all hislife against cruelty, injustice,authority and institutional religion.2. He held that poetry alone couldfree man and offer the mind awider view of its powers.3.“Poetry is a more directrepresentation of the actions andpassions of our internal being”1 2 John Keats约翰·济兹1795-1821Endymion恩底弥翁;Isabella伊莎贝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣爱尼节前夜;On the Grasshopper and Crickets 蛐蛐和蟋蟀Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂;To Autumn秋颂;Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂;His poetry is always sensuous,colorful and rich in imaginary.Keats has the power of enteringthe feelings of others--- eitherhuman or animal. He declaredthat when he saw a bird on thelawn, the entered imaginativelyinto the life of the bird.1 3 CharlesDickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传;Oliver Twist奥利弗·退斯特;American Notes美国札记;Martin Chuzzlewit马丁·朱述尔维特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董贝父子;David Copperfield大卫·科波菲尔;Hard Times艰难时世;A Tale of Two Cities双城记;Great Expectation远大前程Charles continued to use hisbooks to tell about the badconditions that the workingclasses and poor people had tolive under. He hoped that bydoing this things would changefor the good, but they justseemed to get worse.1.It’s an adapted account ofDickens’own life from childhoodto early adulthood. (5 Aspects—C.P.)2.The 1st point of view adds muchto the realistic effects andsympathetic treatment ofcharacters.3.The successful employment of child’s point of view, brings out the truthfulness and geniuses of David’s experiences and his feelings.1 4 Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928The Return of the Native还乡;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔丝;Jude the Obscure无名的裘德The Dynasts统治者三部曲Romances and Fantasies;novels of ingenuity;novels of character and environment1. Fierce criticism of the hypocritical morality of society andthe inhuman exploitation of the capitalists who invaded theEnglish country and destroyed the peasantry from the root.2. Tess: a typical victim of the society, a personal and alsosocial tragedy. (poverty, society, two men)3. Fate plays an important role.4.“Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals hadended his sport with Tess.”1.His view was rather gloomy anddark, inevitable conflicts andtragedy of human life.2.His works are noted for therealistic presentation of life andsocial criticism.3.He is a great painter of nature.(Wessex)4.In style, he is a traditionalist andheightens the local and regionalcolor.1. The struggle between men andhis environment, betweenaspiring human spirit and theexternal inanimate nature.2. Common working class peopleas heroes and heroines. They areusually tragic ones who acquireself-consciousness and questionthe fundamentals of society.3.Strong elementsof naturalism and combined witha tendency towardssymbolism.1 5 Oscar Wilde王尔德1856-1900(aestheticism唯美主义者)Art for art’ssakeThe Picture of Dorian Gray道林·格雷的画像The Happy Prince and Other Tales快乐王子De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要“Art for Art’s Sake”1. A spokesman for aestheticism2. Belonged to decadent school3. Elements of social protest andcriticism性1 6 GeorgeBernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950（Nobel PrizeWinner）Art foreducation’ssakeAn Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者Quintessence of IbsenismWidoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业Arms and the manCandidaThe man of dynastyCaesar and CleopatraMajor Barbara巴巴拉少校Pygmalion劈克美梁;Heartbreak House伤心之家;The Apple Cart苹果车;Too True to be Good真相毕露Art should serve social purposesby reflecting human life, revealingsocial contradictions andeducating the common people.1. Structurally and thematically,Shaw followed the great traditionsof realism. With his wit and love ofparadox, he made full use ofcomic satire and brought a newkind of intelligence to the drama.2. Shaw’s language is easy, wittyand forceful.3. Action is reduced to aminimum, while the dialogue andthe interplay of the minds of thecharacters maintain the interest ofthe audience.1 7 James Joyce乔伊斯1882-1941(the stream ofconsciousnesstechnique 意识流大师)Dubiners都柏林人A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年艺术家的画像Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的觉醒詹姆斯·乔伊斯（James Joyce,1882-1941），被认为是继莎士比亚后英语文学史上最伟大的作家，他在小说领域取得的成就，代表着现代主义文学的一座高峰。
英美著名文学家及其作品简介
英美著名文学家及其作品简介一、英国文学名家名著威廉•莎士比亚(William Shakespeare ，1564-1616)是文艺复兴（Renaissance）时期英国著名的剧作家和诗人。
他创作了大量的作品，其中包括喜剧、悲剧和历史剧。
他的剧本至今仍在许多国家上演，并为人们所普遍阅读。
莎上比亚的作品文才横溢，创造的喜、怒、哀、乐场面使人印象深刻，历久难忘。
主要作品有四大悲剧：《奥赛罗》(Othello)、《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《麦克白》(Macbeth),《李尔王》(King Lear)；四大喜剧：《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night’s Dream)、《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)、《无事生非》(Much Ado about Nothing)和《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It)等。
此外，历史剧《亨利六世》(Henry VI)三部曲，爱情悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）也都很受欢迎。
《哈姆雷特》叙述了丹麦王子哈姆雷特替父报仇，杀死篡夺王位的叔父的故事。
《哈姆雷特》里“to be or not to be, that is the question”的成为经典台词。
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》描写了一对青年男女因家族间的世仇而不能联姻结果自杀的故事，揭露了封建制度的残酷无情，同时，歌颂了青年男女纯洁坚贞的爱情。
济慈（Keats, 1795一1821）是英国浪漫主义诗人。
他出身贫苦，作过医生的学徒，后来才以写诗为业。
他对当时英国社会的现实不满，希望在一个“永恒的美的世界”中寻找安身立命之处。
他的诗歌以文辞声调之美著称，在艺术上对后代的英国诗人影响很大。
主要作品有《伊沙贝拉》(Isabella)、《夜莺颂》(Ode to a Nightingale)和《秋颂》(To Autumn)等。
雪莱（Shelley ，1792一1822）是英国浪漫主义的重要诗人。
英国作家作品及特色
英国作家作品及特色The Renaissance Period：1500-16601.William Shakespeare作品：四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth. They have some characteristics in common. Each portrays some noble hero, who faces the injustice of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature: Hamlet, the melancholic scholar-prince, faces the dilemma between action and mind; Othello's inner weakness is made use of by the outside evil force; the old king Lear who is unwilling to totally give up his power makes himself suffer from treachery and infidelity; and Macbeth's lust for power stirs up his ambition and leads him to incessant crimes.作家特色：Shakespeare's major characters are neither merely individual ones nor type ones; they are individuals representing certain types. Each character has his or her own personalities; meanwhile, they may share features with others. By applying a psycho-analytical approach, Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters' inner mind. The soliloquies in his plays fully reveal the inner conflict of his characters. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs. Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters.Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their adroit plot construction. Shakespeare seldom invents his own plots; instead, he borrows them from some old plays or storybooks, or from ancient Greek and Roman sources. There are usually several threads running through the play, thus providing the story with suspense and apprehension.作品：In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth, and the romantic elements are brought into full play《威尼斯商人》<The Merchant of Venice> to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew. The Merchant of Venice takes a step forward in its realistic presentation of human nature and human conflict.作家特色：Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation.作品：《哈姆雷特》<Hamlet> hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage revenger (复仇者) To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action. 独白Soliloquy is a natural medium for Hamlet to release his anguish作家特色：His blank verse is especially beautiful and mighty. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom. He is known to have used 16,000 different words. His coinage of new words and distortion of the meaning of the old ones also createstriking effects on the reader. Shakespeare is above all writers in the past and in the present time. His influence on later writers is immeasurable. Almo st all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view, in literary form or in language.作品：The Tempest, an elaborate and fantastic story, is known as the best of his final romances. The characters are rather allegorical and the subject full of suggestion. The humanly impossible events can be seen occurring everywhere in the play. The Tempest is a typical example of his pessimistic view towards human life and society in his late years.作家特色：The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness. The play, though a tragedy, is permeated with optimistic spirit.作品：十四行诗第18首<Sonnet 18>are the only direct expression of the poets own feelings, praise the power of artistic creation, is one of the most beautiful sonnets written by Shakespeare, in which he has a profound meditation on the destructive power of time and the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves. A nice summer's day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. Thus Shakespeare has a faith in the permanence of poetry.2.John Milton作品：《失乐园》<Paradise Lost> the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will by corrupting man and woman created by god.作家特色：Milton's literary achievements can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last great poems..作品：《复乐园》<Paradise Regained>作家特色：Milton wrote his three major poetical works: Paradise Lost(1667), Paradise Regained (1671), and Samson Agonistes (1671). Among the three, the first is the greatest, indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf; and the last one is the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.作品：《力士参孙》<Samson Agonistes> the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English.作家特色：In his life, Milton shows himself a real revolutionary, a master poet and a great prose writer. He fought for freedom in all aspects as a Christian humanist, while his achievements in literature make him tower over all the other English writers of his time and exert a great influence over later ones.The Neoclassicism Period：1660-17981. Daniel Defoe作品：Robinson Crusoe, an adventure story very much in the spirit of the time, is universally considered his masterpiece, In Robinson Crusoe, Defoe traces the growth of Robinson from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and hardened man, tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life. The realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson single-handedly against the hostile nature forms the best part of the novel. Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century English middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. In describing Robinson's life on the island, Defoe glorifies human labor and the Puritan fortitude, which save Robinson from despair and are a source of pride and happiness. He toils for the sake of subsistence, and the fruits of his labor are his own.作家特色：As a member of the middle class, Defoe spoke for and to the members of his class and his novels enjoyed great popularity among the less cultivated readers. In most of his works, he gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy middle class and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor. Defoe was a very good story-teller. He had a gift for organizing minute details in such a vivid way that his stories could be both credible and fascinating. His sentences are sometimes short, crisp and plain, and sometimes long and rambling, which leave on the reader an impression of casual narration. His language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular. There is nothing artificial in his language: it is common English at its best.2. Jonathan Swift作品：Gulliver's Travels, four parts –—Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm. The first part tells about his experience in Lilliput, where the inhabitants are only six inches tall, twelve times smaller than the normal human beings and all the things they have or say or do are simply miniatures of what is in the real world. In the second part, Gulliver is left alone in Brobdingnag where people are not only ten times taller and larger than ordinary human beings, but also superior in wisdom. The third part deals mainly with his accidental visit to the Flying bland, where the philosophers and projectors devote all their time and energy to the study of some absurd problems. The last part is a most interesting account of his discoveries in the Houyhnhnm land, where horses are endowed with reason and all good and admirable qualities, and are the governing class.As a whole, the book is one of the most effective and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in the then English and European life —socially, politically,religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally. Its social significance is great and its exploration into human nature profound.作家特色：Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm. A man with a bitter life experience, he had a deep hatred for all the rich oppressors and a deep sympathy for all the poor and oppressed. His understanding of human nature is profound. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. To better human life, enlightenment is needed, but to redress it is very hard. So, in his writings, although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve human nature and human institutions, there is often an under—or over tone of helplessness and indignation.作家特色：Swift is one of the greatest masters of English prose. He is almost unsurpassed in the writing of simple, direct, precise prose. He defined a good style as "proper words in proper places." Clear, simple, concrete diction, uncomplicated sentence structure, economy and conciseness of language mark all his writings essays, poems and novels.作品：A Modest Proposal、A Tale of Tub、The Battle of Book、The Drapiers Letters 作家特色：Swift is a master satirist. His satire is usually masked by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful. His "A Modest Proposal" is generally taken as a perfect model.3. Henry Fielding作品：《汤姆·琼斯》The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling brings its author the name of the "Prose Homer." For a time, Tom became a national hero. People were fond of this young fellow with manly virtues and yet not without fault honest, kind-hearted, high-spirited, loyal, and brave, but impulsive, wanting prudence and full of animal spirits. In a way, the young man stands for a wayfaring Everyman, who is expelled from the paradise and has to go through hard experience to gain a knowledge of himself and finally to approach perfectness.作家特色：Fielding has been regarded by some as "Father of the English Novel," for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. Of all the eighteenth-century novelists he was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose," the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. Fielding adopt ed ―the third-person narration,‖in which the author becomes the "all-knowing God." He "thinks the thought" of all his characters, so he is able to present not only their external behaviors but also the internal workings of their minds. In planning his stories, he tries to retain the grand epical form of the classical works but at the same time keeps faithful to his realistic presentation of commo n life as it is. Throughout, the ordinary and usually ridiculous life of the common people, from the middle-class to the underworld, is his major concern.作品：The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (1749) is a masterpiece on the subject ofhuman nature. The History of Arnelia (1751) is the story of the unfortunate life of an idealized woman, a maudlin picture of the social life at the time.作家特色：Fielding's language is easy, unlaboured and familiar, but extremely vivid and vigorous. His sentences are always distinguished by logic and rhythm, and his structure carefully planned towards an inevitable ending. His works are also noted for lively, dramatic dialogues and other theatrical devices such as suspense, coincidence and unexpectedness.The Romantic Period：1798-18321. William Blake作品：《扫烟囱的人》<The Chimney Sweeper> from《天真与经验之歌》<Songs of Innocence> is a lovely volume of poems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings.作家特色：I know that This World is a World of IMAGINATION & Vision," and that "The Nature of my work is visionary or imaginative."作品：<The Chimney Sweeper> from 《经验之歌》<Songs of Experience> paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone.作家特色：Blake writes his poems in plain and direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. He distrusts the abstractness and tends to embody his views with visual images. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry作品：《泰戈》< The Tyger >; <Marriage of Heaven and Hell>作家特色：Blake's ―Marriage of Heaven and Hell‖(1790) marks his entry into maturity. The poem was composed during the climax of the French Revolution and it plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy. In this poem, Blake explores the relationship of the contraries. Attraction and repulsion, reason and energy, love and hate, are necessary to human existence. Life is a continual conflict of give-and-take, a pairing of opposites, of good and evil, of innocence and experience, of body and soul. "Without contraries," Blake states, "there is no progression." The "marriage," to Blake, means the reconciliation of the contraries, not the subordination of the one to the other.2. William W ordsworth作品：<Lyrical Ballads>作家特色：According to the subjects, Wordsworth's short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about human life. Wordsworth defines the poet as a "man speaking to men," and poetry as "the spontaneous overflow ofpowerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."作品：<The Prelude>作家特色：Wordsworth is regarded as a "worshipper of nature." He can penetrate to the heart of things and give the reader the very life of nature.作品：“我孤独地游荡，就象一朵云”<I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud> the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙and poet's philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.作家特色：Wordsworth thinks that common life is the only subject of literary interest. The joys and sorrows of the common people are his themes. His sympathy always goes to the suffering poor.作家特色：Wordsworth is a poet in memory of the past. To him, life is a cyclical journey. Its beginning finally turns out to be its end. Wordsworth's deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience produced a kind of pure and profound poetry which no other poet has ever equaled.William Wordsworth is the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, the focal poetic voice of the period. The most important contribution he has made is that he has not only started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self, but also changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return to nature.作品：《孤独的割麦女》<The Solitary Reaper> thanks to poet's rich imagination, the mass of associations, this commonplace happening becomes a striking event, the poet succeeds in making the reader's share his emotion. The poem also shows the poet's passionate love of nature.3. Percy Bysshe Shelley作品：致英国人民<Men of England>One of Shelley's greatest political lyrics is "Men of England." It is not only a war cry calling upon all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but an address to them pointing out the intolerable injustice of economic exploitation. The poem was later to become a rallying song of the British Communist Party.作家特色：Shelley is one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language. Like Blake, he has a reputation as a difficult poet: erudite, imagistically complex, full of classical and mythological allusions. His style abounds in personification and metaphor and other figures of speech which describe vividly what we see and feel, or express what passionately moves us.作品：《西风颂》<Ode to the West Wind> Shelley eulogized the powerful west wind and expressed his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Hegathered in this poem a wealth of symbolism, employed a structural art and his powers of metrical orchestration at their mightiest 'If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?' the West Wind---wild, tameless, swift, proud, burying the dead year, preparing a new spring.作品：Shelley's greatest achievement is his four-act poetic drama, Prometheus Unbound(1820). According to the Greek mythology, Prometheus, the champion of humanity, who has stolen the fire from Heaven, is punished by Zeus to be chained on Mount Caucasus and suffers the vulture's feeding on his liver. The play is an exultant work in praise of humankind's potential, and Shelley himself recognized it as "the most perfect of my products."作品：In "To a Skylark," the bird, suspended between reality and poetic image, pours forth an exultant song which suggests to the poet both celestial rapture and human limitation.4. Jane Austen作品：Her first novel, Sense and Sensibility (1811), tells a story about two sisters and their love affairs; Pride and Prejudice(1813), the most popular of her novels, deals with the five Bennet sisters and their search for suitable husbands; and Northanger Abbey (1818) satirizes those popular Gothic romances of the late 18th century. All her last three novels deal with the romantic entanglements of their strongly characterized heroines. Mansfield Park(1814) presents the antithesis of worldliness and unworldliness; Emma(1815) gives the thought over self-deceptive vanity; and Persuasion (1818) contrasts the true love with the prudential calculations.作家特色：Generally speaking, Jane Austen was a writer of the 18th-century, though she lived mainly in the nineteenth century. She holds the ideals of the landlord class in politics, religion and moral principles; and her works show clearly her firm belief in the predominance of reason over passion, the sense of responsibility, good manners and clear-sighted judgment over the Romantic tendencies of emotion and individuality. As a realistic writer, she considers it her duty to express in her works a discriminated and serious criticism of life, and to expose the follies and illusions of mankind. She shows contemptuous feelings towards snobbery, stupidity, worldliness and vulgarity through subtle satire and irony. And in style, she is a neoclassicism advocator, upholding those traditional ideas of order, reason, proportion and gracefulness in novel writing.作品：《傲慢与偏见》Pride and Prejudice originally drafted as "First Impressions" in 1796, is the most delightful of Jane Austen's works. The title tells of a major concern of the novel: pride and prejudice. If to form good relationships is our main task in life, we must first have good judgment. Our first impressions, according to Jane Austen, are usually wrong, as is shown here by those of Elizabeth. In the process of judging others, Elizabeth finds out something about herself: her blindness,partiality, prejudice and absurdity. In time she discovers her own shortcomings. On the other hand, Darcy too learns about other people and himself. In the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved作家特色：As a novelist Jane Austen writes within a very narrow sphere. The subject matter, the character range, the social setting, and plots are all restricted to the provincial life of the late 18th-century England, concerning three or four landed gentry families with their daily routine life: relationships with members of their own family and with their friends, dancing parties, tea parties, picnics, and gossips. Such narrowness apparently comes from the writer's own limited experience and knowledge; yet, by writing within the small area of her experience and by never stepping beyond the limits of her knowledge, it allows the writer to have a close study of characters and a detailed description of recurring situations so that she can portray them with absolute accuracy and sureness. It is no exaggeration to say that within her limited sphere, Jane Austen is unequaled作家特色：Austen's main literary concern is about human beings in their personal relationships. Because of this, her novels have a universal Significance. It is her conviction that a man's relationship to his wife and children is at least as important a part of his life as his concerns about his belief and career. It reveals his moral quality more accurately and truthfully. If one wants to know about a man's talents, one should see him at work, but if one wants to know about his nature and temper, one should see him at home. The female characters in Austen‘s novels are usually categorized into three types according to their different attitudes: 'those who would marry for material wealth and social position, those who would marry just for beauty and passion, and those who would marry for true love with a consideration of the partner's personal merit as well as his economical and social status. In another word, Jane Austen tries to say that it is wrong to marry just for money or for beauty, but it is also wrong to marry without it.The Victorian Period：1836-19011. Charles Dickens作品：《双城记》<A Tale of Two Cities> 《雾都孤儿》<Oliver Twist>作家特色：With his first sentence, he engages the reader's attention and holds it to the end. The settings of his stories, e.g. London, have an extraordinary vividness, a result of years' intimacy and rich imagination. In language, he is often compared with Shakespeare for his adeptness with the vernacular and large vocabulary. His humor and wit seem inexhaustible. Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works. His best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless child characters such as Oliver Twist. And he is also famous for the depiction of those horrible and grotesque characters like Fagin. These characters are impressive not only because they are true to life, but also because they are often larger than life.作品：The Pickwick Paper; David Copperfield; Domeby and Son; Bleak House; Hard Times; Great Expectations ;Our mutual friend作家特色：Dickens' works are also characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos. He seems to believe that life is itself a mixture of joy and grief. Life is delightful because it is at once comic and tragic. He is a humorist. To match his humorous genius, Dickens is also noted for his pictures of pathos.2. The Brontë Sisters作品：《简·爱》<Jane Eyre> The work is one of the most popular and important novels of the Victorian age. It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society. At the same time, it is an intense moral fable. Jane, like Mr. Rochester, has to undergo a series of physical and moral tests to grow up and achieve her final happiness.The success of the novel is also due to its introduction to the English novel the first governess heroine. Jane Eyre, an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved, a poor, plain, little governess who dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways, and even is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him, cuts a completely new woman image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being. The vivid description of her intense feelings and her thought and inner conflicts brings her to the heart of the audience作家特色：Charlotte's works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life. In her mind, man's life is composed of perpetual battle between sin and virtue, good and evil. All her heroines' highest joy arises from some sacrifice of self or some human weakness overcome. Besides, she is a writer of realism combined with romanticism. On one hand, she presents a vivid realistic picture of the English society by exposing the cruelty, hypocrisy and other evils of the upper classes, and by showing the misery and suffering of the poor. Her works are famous for the depiction of the life of the middle-class working women, particularly governesses. On the other hand, her writings are marked throughout by an intensity of vision and of passion.3. Thomas Hardy作品：《德勃家的苔斯》<Tess of the D'Urbervilles> This novel is one of the best and most popular work by Hardy. It is a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction of the English peasantry towards the end of the century. Tess, as a pure woman brought up with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, is abused and destro yed by both Alec and Angel, agents of the destructive force of the society. And the misery, the poverty and the heartfelt pain she suffers and her final tragedy give rise to a most bitter cry ofprotest and denunciation of the society. Of course, naturalistic tendency is also strong in the novel. In a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by Fate. Coincidence adds one "wrong" to another until she is caught up in a dead-end. As Hardy says at the end of the novel: "Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals had ended his sport with Tess." To fully understand the novel, one has to take into consideration both its critical realist and naturalistic significance.作家特色：He is a great painter of nature. In his hand, nature assumes the form of life and becomes a most powerful, forbidding force with its own life and will. His heroes and heroines, those unfortunate young men and women in their desperate struggle for personal fulfillment and happiness, are all vividly and realistically depicted. They all seem to possess a kind of exquisitely sensuous beauty. They are not only individual cases but also of universal truth. Their plight is not just their own; it applies to any one, any age. And finally, all the works of Hardy are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor which fits well into their perfectly designed architectural structures. They are the product of a conscientious artist.作品：Wessex: The Return of the Nature; The Mayor of Casterbridge; Jude the Obscure; Far from the Madding Crowd; Under the Greenwood TreeThe Modern Period：1914-19451.George Bernard Shaw作品：《鳏夫的房产》<Widower‘s Houses>, 《康帝坦》<Candida>, 《华伦夫人的职业》<Mrs. Warren‘s Profession>, 《恺撒和克里奥佩特拉》<Caesar and Cleopatra>, 《圣女贞德》<St. Joan>(historical play), 《人与超人》<Man and Superman>, 《皮格马利翁》<Pygmalion>, 《回到麦修色拉》<Back to Methuselah>.《苹果车》<The Apple Cart>(political play); The Doctor‗s Dilemma(political play))作家特色：Structurally and thematically, Shaw followed the great traditions of realism. As a realistic dramatist, he took the modem social issues as his subjects with the aim of directing social reforms. Most of his plays are concerned with political, economic, moral, or religious problems, and, thus, can be termed as problem plays. And his plays have one passion, and one only, i.e. indignation, "indignation against oppression and exploitation, against hypocrisy and lying, against prostitution and slavery, against poverty, dirt and disorder."作家特色：One feature of Shaw's characterization is that he makes the trick of showing up one character vividly at the expense of another. Another feature is that Shaw's characters are the representatives of ideas, points of view. Much of Shavian drama is constructed around the inversion of a conventional theatrical situation. Inversion is also used in character portrayal to achieve comic effects. It is the vitality of the talk that takes primacy over mere story. Action is reduced to a minimum, while the dialogue and the interplay of the minds of the characters maintain the interest of。
英国文学作家-作品及主要特征风格（吐血整理）
英国文学作家-作品及主要特征风格（吐血整理）英国文学作家-作品及主要特征风格(吐血整理)人书脑1 . WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616Three periods1. Historical plays &comedies & early tragediesRomeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;2. Great tragediesHamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othello奥塞罗;King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;；Measure for Measure恶有恶报;RenaissanceShakespeariansonnet14行诗Not for an age,but for alltime. 永垂不朽Quatrain 成组句Couplet 对偶句3. Tragi-comedies The Tempest暴风风雨;2 JohnMilton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674(ThephasesofMilton's lifeparallel themajorhistoricalandpolitiThree periods:1. Short poemsL‘Allegro欢乐的人; Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;2. Pamphlets & tracts Areopagitica论出版自由; The Defense of theEnglish people为英国人民声辩;The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人民声辩;FeaturesMilton's poetryand prosereflect1. deeppersonalconvictions2. a passionfor freedom andself-determination3. the urgentissues andpoliticalturbulence4. achievedinternationalrenown withincaldivisi ons in Stuart Britai n.) 3. poemsParadise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙his lifetime.SpecialFeatures1. Rich andcomplextexture,multiplicity ofthe classical(Biblical andmythological)references,wealth ofornament anddecoration2. Subjects aremagnificent3. Thecharacters arehuman andbelievable4. In theending, life notdeath is triumphant Influence Romantic poets William Blake and Percy Shelley, who saw Satan as the real hero of the poem and a rebel against the tyranny of Heaven........W inston Churchill3 DanielDefoe丹尼尔·迪福1660-1FictionRobinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720Artisticfeatures:1. D had a giftfor organizingminutedetail---bothcredible and7311. The Father of the Englis hFictio n2.first import ant Englis h noveli st 标志着近代英国小说的形成3. versat ile Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事》1722Non-fictionThe Shortest Way with theDissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径》PoemsHymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated the lyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his first ironic poem & the most successful poem. fascinating.2. His sentencesare sometimesshort andplain,sometimeslong andrambling---animpression ofcasualnarration.3. His languageis smooth, easy,and mostlyvernacular地方的.everything iscommon Englishat its bestinstead ofartificial..3.His novels enjoy a多产的popularity among middle class.Theme1. Sings the praises of labour2. Beautifiesthe colonialism 3. Reflects the aggressive and brave image of the rising English bourgeoisie4. Belaud the individualism.5. Affirm the power of human, espcially the force of reason 4 JonathanSwift斯威夫特1667-1745( amasterofsatire)Dublin,Ireland The Battle of Books书的战争; an attack on pedantry(买弄学问)A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;1. in the form of aparable2. a satire upon allreligious sects an attack on Christianity itselfGuilliver’s Travels格列佛游记Lilliput 小人国--theTories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党)Brobdingnag 大人国---asatire on English lords and ladiesStyle:simple, clear,vigorouslanguage;direct andprecise prose;a mastersatirist;deadly irony &powerfulsatire.Swift’s Artistic Features1. SatireSwift was aman of greatmoral integrityand socialcharm.His satire isusually maskedFlying Island 飞岛国---corrupted philosophers & projectorsCountry of the Horses 智马国---the conflicts of English societyand peopleA Modest Proposal一个温和的建议by an outward gravity and an apparent earnestness which renders his satire all the more powerful.2. Simplicity and Directness Swift is always most unsurpassed in the writing. He defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”5 Henry Literary ViewsFieldi ng亨利·菲尔丁1707-1 754 （英国现实主义小说的奠基者）Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传--epistolary novel 书信体小说Mr Jonathan Wild the Great 大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯; Amelia阿美利亚1.He firmlybelieved the educationalfunction ofliterature2.The purpose ofthe novel wasnot just toamuse, but toinstruct3.“the justcopies of human manners”(人类态度的完整拷贝）LiteraryFeatures1.The first togive the modernnovel itsstructure andstyle2.Third-person narration “all-knowing God”3.The language is easy and familiar, but quite vivid and vigorous6 RobertBurns彭斯1759-1796(thenational poetofScotland 苏格兰民Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集Poems:The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;His theme:1.Love &friendship2.Thenatural beautyof his nativeScotland3.Thepatriotism ofhis compatriotsand theirstruggle for族诗人)liberty7 William Blake布莱克1757-1827(aprecursor ofRomanticisminEnglishpoetry浪漫主义先驱) Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌；(simple without being naive; childlike without being childish; innocent without being insipid乏味）The French Revolution法国The Marriage of Heaven andHell天堂与地狱的婚姻;名诗：Lamb; London; The TigerFirst ImportantRomantic Poet1.Innerspiritualfreedom of theindividual2.Plain,simple, direct,immense meaning3.Vision images4.Symbolism8 William Wordsw Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣Romantic Poetic Principles"Preface" :classicorth威廉·华兹华斯1770-1 850 （Poet Laurea te桂冠诗人）(devel oped and cheris heda love of nature ) 集（mark the break with 18thcentury classicism and thebeginning of romanticism inEnglish poetry）;The Solitary ReaperComposed upon WestminsterTheme:NatureOrdinary people Ordinary life Preface:Al good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. statement of Romantic poetry principles;manifesto of the EnglishRomanticmovement inpoetryLit erary ConceptThe function ofpoetry lies inits power togive anunexpectedsplendor tofamiliar and commonplace things, to“incidents and situations from common life.”All kinds ofpeople,ordinary peasants, children, even outcasts, can enter poetry. Language in poetry1.He advocated using the language of common people.2.Imagination was very important in poetic creation.9 JaneAustin简·奥斯丁1775-1Novels:Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见;Sense and Sensibility理智WritingFeatures1.Her earliestfictionalventures are817 与情感;Emma爱玛;Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德公园;Persuasion 劝导Northanger Abbey诺桑觉Fragments and early drafts:Lady SusanThe watsonsSanditon full of charming and delicate comedy.2.She was almost uninfluenced,by the current fashions in fiction or by therevolutionary ideas.3.Simplestories of commonplace people of the upper middle class.4.Her works showa wealth of character studies, and abound in wit,humor and charm. ThemesShe never touched upon the class conflicts of her time, and in her works the extremes of wealth and poverty are unknown.She restricted her subject, matter to a narrow range of society and events: a quiet, prosperous, middle-class circle in provincial surroundings.She treated her writingmaterial with such subtlety of observation, depth of psychological penetration and delicacy of touch that she is ranked among the best of English novelists.1 0 GeorgeGordonByron乔治·拜早期：Hours of Idliness懒散的时刻;Edinburgh ReviewFeaturesByron’s poetryexerted greatinfluence on theRomantic伦1788-1 824English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英国诗人与苏格兰评论家;Canto I，II，III长诗：Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰罗德·哈罗德游记;Hebrew Melodies 歌谣集Prison of ChillonManfred曼弗雷德;Cain 该隐Don Juan唐·璜名诗：She Walks in Beauty 她在美中行Movement, owingto his attackson political,religious andmoralhypocrisy, tothe romanticcharacter of“Byronic Hero”and to the easy,natural beautyof his verse.1 1 PercyByssheShelley波西·比Queen Mab麦布女王; Prometheus Unbound解放了的Features1. Shelly was a revolutionaryand a democrat.He was fightingall his life希·雪莱1792-1 822 普罗米修斯; The Cenci钦契;Song to the Men of England 致英国人民;The Masque of Anarchy专制魔王的化装游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西风/云雀颂;againstcruelty,injustice,authority andinstitutionalreligion.2. He held thatpoetry alonecould free manand offer themind a widerview of its powers.3.“Poetry is a more direct representation of the actions and passions of our internal being”。
英国文学作家作品吐血整理上
生于约克郡
剑桥
To his Coy Mistress致他娇羞的女友
Henry Vaughan
Richard Crashaw
其他玄学派诗人
Robert Herrick
罗伯特·赫瑞克
1591-1674
生于伦敦
中产阶级家庭
Cavalier poet
骑士派
Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May
Paradise lost失乐园（长篇史诗）
Paradise Regained复乐园
Samson Agonistes力士参孙（无韵体诗写的杯具，封笔作）
各种小册子
John Bunyan
约翰·班扬
1628-1688
穷苦补锅匠的儿子
贝德福特文法学校
The Pilgrim's Progress天路历程
John Dryden
Father of English poetry.
Waster of the English language.
Realistic
现实主义
翻译法语作品the Romaunt of the Rose
改编自意大利作品Troilus and Criseyde
(longest complete poem and greatest artistic achivm..)
古典主义allforlove一切为了爱anessayofdramaticpoesy论戏剧诗johndonne约翰邓恩15721631后来改信英国国教天主教家庭牛津剑桥律师学院剑桥metaphysicalschool玄学派songsandsonnets歌与十四行诗holysonnets圣诗georgeherbet乔治赫伯特15931633andrewmarvell安德鲁马维尔16211678henryvaughanrichardcrashawrobertherrick罗伯特赫瑞克15911674显赫的威尔士家庭thetemple圣堂thealtar祭坛生于约克郡剑桥tohiscoymistress致他娇羞的女友其他玄学派诗人生于伦敦中产阶级家庭cavalierpoetgatheryerosebudswhileyemay趁早采摘玫瑰花蕾todaffodils致水仙花johnsucklingrichardlovelacethomascarewwilliamblake威廉布莱克17571827robertburns罗伯特彭斯17591796danieldefoe丹尼尔笛福16601731其他几个骑士派诗人骑士派18thcentury十八世纪poetpaintervisionarymysticandengraver诗集songsofinnocence天真之歌songsofexperience经验之歌预言诗chieflyinthescottishdialect苏格兰方言诗集auldlangsyne往昔时光aredredroserobinsoncrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记capitalsingletion辛格顿船长mollflanders摩尔弗兰德斯captainjack陆军上校杰克25部剧作最著名的是pasquin巴斯昆thehistoryoftheadventuresofjosephandrewsandofhisfriendmrabrahamadams小说thehistoryofthelifeofthelatemrjonathanwildthegreatthehistoryoftomjonesafoundling一个弃儿汤姆琼斯的历史英国文学史上的杰作散文citizenoftheworld世界公民诗歌thetraveller旅游人desertedvillage荒村小说thevicarofwakefield威克菲尔德牧师传戏剧t
英国文学作家,作品与主要特征风格(吐血整理)
人书脑1. WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616Three periods1. Historical plays & comedies & early tragediesRomeo and Juliet罗密欧与朱丽叶The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;2. Great tragediesHamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othello奥塞罗;King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;；Measure for Measure恶有恶报;3. Tragi-comediesThe Tempest暴风风雨;RenaissanceShakespearian sonnet14行诗Not for an age, but for all time.永垂不朽Quatrain 成组句Couplet 对偶句John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674(The phases ofMilton's lifeparallel theThree periods:1. Short poemsL‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;FeaturesMilton's poetry and prose reflect1. deep personal convictions2. a passion for freedom andself-determination3. the urgent issues and2 majorhistorical and political divisions in Stuart Britain. ) 2. Pamphlets & tractsAreopagitica论出版自由;The Defense of the English people为英国人民声辩;The Second Defense of the English people再为英国人民声辩;3. poemsParadise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙political turbulence4. achieved internationalrenown within his lifetime.Special Features1. Rich and complex texture,multiplicity of the classical(Biblical and mythological)references, wealth of ornamentand decoration2. Subjects are magnificent3. The characters are human andbelievable4. In the ending, life not death istriumphantInfluenceRomantic poets William Blakeand Percy Shelley, who sawSatan as the real hero of thepoem and a rebel against thetyranny of Heaven........WinstonChurchillDaniel Defoe丹尼尔·迪福Fiction Artistic features:1. D had a gift for organizing3 1660-17311. The Fatherof the EnglishFiction2. firstimportantEnglishnovelist 标志着近代英国小说的形成3. versatile多产的Robinson Crusoe《鲁宾逊漂流记》1719Captain Singleton《辛格尔顿船长》1720Moll Flanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》1722A Journal of the Plague Year《大疫年记事》1722Non-fictionThe Shortest Way with the Dissenters《消灭不同教派的捷径》PoemsHymn to the Pillory《枷锁颂》→wrote in prison. imitated thelyric poem of Greek poet Pindaros(品达罗斯) .The True-Born Englishman《地道的英国人》1701→his firstironic poem & the most successful poem.minute detail---both credibleand fascinating.2. His sentences are sometimesshort and plain,sometimes longand rambling---an impression ofcasual narration.3. His language is smooth, easy,and mostly vernacular地方的.everything is common English atits best instead of artificial..3.His novels enjoy a popularityamong middle class.Theme1. Sings the praises of labour2. Beautifies the colonialism3. Reflects the aggressive andbrave image of the rising Englishbourgeoisie4. Belaud the individualism.5. Affirm the power of human,espcially the force of reason4 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745( a master ofsatire )Dublin ,IrelandThe Battle of Books书的战争;an attack on pedantry(买弄学问)A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;1. in the form of a parable2. a satire upon all religious sects an attack onChristianity itselfGuilliver’s Travels格列佛游记Lilliput 小人国--the Tories(托利党) & the Whigs(辉格党)Brobdingnag 大人国---a satire on English lords andladiesFlying Island 飞岛国---corrupted philosophers &projectorsCountry of the Horses 智马国---the conflicts of Englishsocietyand peopleA Modest Proposal一个温和的建议Style:simple, clear, vigorous language;direct and precise prose;a master satirist;deadly irony & powerful satire.Swift’s Artistic Features1. SatireSwift was a man of greatmoral integrity and social charm.His satire is usually maskedby an outward gravity and anapparent earnestness whichrenders his satire all the morepowerful.2. Simplicity and DirectnessSwift is always mostunsurpassed in the writing. Hedefined a good style as “properwords in proper places.”5 Henry Fielding亨利·菲尔丁Joseph Andrews 约瑟·安德鲁传--epistolary novel 书信体小Literary Views1.He firmly believed the1707-1754 （英国现实主义小说的奠基者）说Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人江奈生·魏尔德传The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆·琼斯;Amelia阿美利亚educational function of literature2.The purpose of the novel wasnot just to amuse, but to instruct3.“the just copies of humanmanners”(人类态度的完整拷贝）Literary Features1.The first to give the modernnovel its structure and style2.Third-person narration“all-knowing God”3.The language is easy andfamiliar, but quite vivid andvigorous6 Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796(the nationalpoet ofScotland 苏格兰民族诗人) Poems in the Scottish Dialect苏格兰方言诗集Poems:The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae苏格兰人;The Two Dogs两只狗;His theme:1.Love & friendship2.The natural beauty of hisnative Scotland3.The patriotism of hiscompatriots and their strugglefor liberty7 William Blake布莱克1757-1827(a precursor ofRomanticismin Englishpoetry浪漫主义先驱)Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience经验之歌；(simple without being naive; childlike without beingchildish; innocent without being insipid乏味）The French Revolution法国革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻;名诗：Lamb; London; The TigerFirst Important Romantic Poet1.Inner spiritual freedom of theindividual2.Plain, simple, direct, immensemeaning3.Vision images4.Symbolism8 WilliamWordsworth 威廉·华兹华斯1770-1850 （Poet Laureate桂冠诗人）(developed and cherished a love of nature)Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集（mark the break with 18th century classicism and thebeginning of romanticism in English poetry）;The Solitary ReaperComposed upon Westminster BridgeTheme:NatureOrdinary peopleOrdinary lifePreface:Al good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerfulRomantic Poetic Principles"Preface" :classic statement of Romanticpoetry principles;manifesto of the EnglishRomantic movement in poetryLit erary ConceptThe function of poetry lies in itspower to give an unexpectedsplendor to familiar andcommonplace things, to“incidents and situations fromcommon life.”All kinds ofpeople, ordinary peasants,children, even outcasts, can1856-1900 (aestheticism 唯美主义者) Art for art’s sake 童话：The Happy Prince and Other T ales快乐王子诗集：De Prafundis惨痛的呼声;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁狱之歌剧作：Lady Windermere’s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一个无足轻重的妇女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性1. A spokesman for aestheticism2. Belonged to decadent school3. Elements of social protest andcriticism1 6 GeorgeBernard Shaw萧伯纳1856-1950（Nobel PrizeWinner）Art foreducation’ssake长篇小说：An Unsocial Socialist业余社会主义者评论：Quintessence of Ibsenism剧本：Widoer’s Houses鳏夫的房产;Mrs Warren’s Profession华伦夫人的职业Arms and the manCandidaThe man of dynastyArt should serve social purposesby reflecting human life,revealing social contradictionsand educating the commonpeople.Features1. Structurally and thematically,Shaw followed the greattraditions of realism. With his witand love of paradox, he madeDefoe and SwiftThey are the forerunners of English fiction.Samuel Richardson and Henry FieldingThe maturity of the English novel doesn’t come until they appear.Real beginning of English Romanticism:publication of Lyrical Ballads by William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge3. Aestheticism~~Aestheticism places art above life.~~According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective.~~Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.~~This was one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Victorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the Victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’s sake.。
英国文学作家及作品简介
英国文学作家及作品简介第一篇：英国文学作家及作品简介英国文学作家及作品简介1.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗雷.乔叟 The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷故事集2.Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦3.Edmund Spenser 斯宾塞 The Fairy Queen 仙后4.Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫.马洛 Tamburlaine 铁木尔 / The Jew of Malta 马耳他的犹太人 / Doctor Faustus 浮士德博士5.Shakespeare 莎士比亚四大喜剧The Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》、Much Ado About Nothing 《无事生非》、As you like it 《皆大欢喜》、Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》；四大悲剧Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》、Othello 《奥赛罗》、Kin g Lear《李尔王》Macbeth 《麦克白》； Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》。
6.Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯.培根 Of Study 谈读书7.John Milton 约翰弥尔顿 Paradise Lost 失乐园8.John Bunyan 约翰班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程9.John Dryden An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 10.Alexander Pope亚历山大.蒲波11.Jonathan Swift 江纳森.斯威夫特Gulliver’s Travels 格列夫游记 12.Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔.笛福 Robinson Crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记13.Samuel Richardon 塞缪尔.理查德逊 Pamela 帕美拉14.Henry Fielding 亨利.费尔丁The history of T om Hones, a Foundling 汤姆琼斯15.Richard B.Sheridan 理查德.谢立丹 The School for Scandal 造谣学校16.Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔.约翰生A Dictionary of the English Language 17.William Blake 威廉.布莱克Songs of Innocence 天真之歌;Songs of Experience 经验之歌18.Oliver Goldsmith 奥列夫.哥尔斯密 The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德牧师传;The Citizen of the World 世界公民;She Stoops toConquer 委曲求全;The Deserted Village 荒村19.Robert Burns 罗伯特.彭斯苏格兰诗人 A Red Red Rose 一朵红红的玫瑰20.William Wordsworth 威廉.华兹华斯桂冠诗人 Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集Lucy Poems 露西组诗She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways 她住在人迹罕至的路边I wandered lonely as a cloud 我好似一朵孤独的流云 Tintern Abbey 廷腾寺21.Samuel Taylor Coleridge 柯勒律治 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 古舟子吟/ 老船夫； kublan Khan 忽必烈汗22.George Gorden Bryon 拜伦Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage 恰尔德.哈罗德游记;Don Juan 唐璜23.Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱 Queen Mab 麦布女王 Ode to the West Wind 西风颂 Ode to a Skylark 致云雀 Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯24.John Keats 约翰济慈Edymion 恩低弥翁Ode to a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂 Ode to a Nightingale 夜莺颂 T o Autumn 秋送25.Charles Lamb 查尔斯.兰姆 Eassay of Elia 伊利亚文集26.Walter Scot 司各特历史小说家 The Minister of the Scottish Border 苏格兰边区歌谣集 The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人 Ivanhoe 艾凡赫27.Jane Austin 简.奥斯丁Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见Sense and sensibility 理智与情感 Emma 爱玛 Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德公园 Persuasion 劝导 Northanger Abbey 诺桑觉寺28.Dickens 狄更斯The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club 匹克威克外传 Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿 The Old Curiosity 老古玩店Dombey and Son 董贝父子David Copperfiled 大卫.科波菲尔Hard Times 艰难时事 Martin Chuzzlewit 马丁.朱述尔维特 A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 Great Expectations 远大前程29.Thackeray 萨克雷 Vanity Fair 名利场----A Novel Without a Hero 30.Charlotte Bronte 夏绿蒂.勃朗特Jane Eyre 简爱31.Emily Bronte 埃米莉勃朗特 Wuthering Heights 呼啸山庄 32.Anne Bronte安恩勃朗特Agnes Grey 艾格尼斯.格雷33.Mrs.Gaskell 盖斯凯尔Mary Barton 玛丽巴顿34.George Eliot 乔治爱略特 Adam bede 亚当比德 The Mil on the Floss 弗洛斯河上的磨房 Silas Marner 织工马南 Middlemarch 米德尔马契35.Alfred Tennyson 阿弗瑞德丁尼生诗人The Princess 公主Idylls of the King 国王之歌 In Memorian H.H 悼念哈拉姆36.William Norris 威廉诺里斯 A dream of John Ball 梦见约翰.保尔 News from Nowhere 乌有乡消息37.Robert Browning 布朗宁(dramatic monologue 戏剧性独白)Men and women 男男女女 The Ring and the Book 指环与书38.Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡.王尔德 19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗人、小说家和散文家。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长，在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家，这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景，也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初，强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
（一）英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一，其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》（Lyrical Ballads）。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge）他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素，《古舟子咏》（The Rime of the Ancient Mariner）是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron）拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称，作品有《唐璜》（Don Juan）等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley）雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神，《西风颂》（Ode to theWest Wind）广为流传。
（二）美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文（Washington Irving）他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格，《瑞普·凡·温克尔》（Rip Van Winkle）是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀（James Fenimore Cooper）以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名，《皮袜子故事集》（The Leatherstocking Tales）是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起，注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
（一）英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活，如《雾都孤儿》（Oliver Twist）、《大卫·科波菲尔》（David Copperfield）。
专八人文知识英国文学主要作家、作品表
Comedies: The Comedy of Errors 1592; The Taming of the Shrew 1593; The Two Gentlemen of Verona 1594; Love's Labour's Lost 1594
William Langland威廉兰格伦
Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯
Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利•乔叟1340-1400
长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西徳小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯宙故李集•…英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作
Oliver Goldsmith哥尔斯密1728-1774
The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔徳牧师传;The Citizen of the World世界公民；The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱
Thomas Gray托马斯•格宙
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard墓园挽歌
专八人文知识英国文学主要作
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专八人文知识英国文学主要作家、作品表
英国文学
Part 1. Old and medieval
Beowulf贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people) Striking feature: alliteratior\ metaphors and understatements.
英美文学作家及文学评析
英美文学作家及作品简介英国文学1.古英语时期（1）《贝奥武夫》《贝奥武夫》( Beowulf) 一译贝奥武甫，是一部完成于公元八世纪左右的英国古代盎格鲁撒克逊( Anglo －Saxons)民族的英雄叙事长诗，讲述了斯堪的纳维亚( Scandinavia)的英雄贝奥武夫(Beowulf) 的英勇事迹。
该诗是现存古英语文学中最古老的作品，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗。
这部英格兰的古典英雄史诗从发生的历史背景、地理位置、主要人物都与英国毫不相干。
诗中的主人公贝奥武夫来自瑞典, 完成其英雄壮举却在丹麦。
全诗分为两部分: 第一部分讲述丹麦洛斯格国王( King Hrothgar)修建的宏伟宫殿在前后十二年中被半人半魔的妖怪哥伦多(Grendel)每晚骚扰，捉食洛斯格的战士。
此时恰逢瑞典南部济兹( Geats) 王子贝奥武夫率家臣来访，欲帮助洛斯格国王除害。
国王当晚设宴款待，妖怪哥伦多再次出现，捉食一名济兹战士，贝奥武夫与之格斗，扭断其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重伤回到栖身的洞穴后死去。
第二天晚上，哥伦多的母亲前来为其子复仇，之后贝奥武夫将其在一湖泊的洞穴中杀死。
史诗第二部分描叙贝奥武夫返回本国，被拥戴为王，统治国家五十年，举国大治。
最后贝奥武夫以垂老之年，杀一喷火巨龙，身受重创死去。
史诗以贝奥武夫的葬礼结束。
Beowulf is an Old English epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines. It is possibly the oldest surviving long poem in Old English and is commonly cited as one of the most important works of Old English literature. It was written in England some time between the 8th and the early 11th century. The author was an anonymous Anglo-Saxon poet, referred to by scholars as the "Beowulfpoet" The poem is set in Scandinavia. Beowulf, a hero of the Geats, comes to the aid of Hroðgar, the king of the Danes, whose mead hall in Heorot has been under attack by a monster known as Grendel. After Beowulf slays him, Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated. Victorious, Beowulf goes home to Geatland (Götaland in modern Sweden) and later becomes king of the Geats. After a period of fifty years has passed, Beowulf defeats a dragon, but is fatally wounded in the battle. After his death, his attendants bury him in a tumulus, a burial mound, in Geatland.The full poem survives in the manuscript known as the Nowell Codex, located in the British Library. It has no title in the original manuscript, but has become known by the name of the story's protagonist. In 1731, the manuscript was badly damaged by a fire that swept through Ashburnham House in London that had a collection of medieval manuscripts assembled by Sir Robert Bruce Cotton.（2）乔叟（1340-1400）《坎特伯雷故事大全集》杰弗雷·乔叟（1343-1400年10月25日），英国文学之父，被公认为中世纪最伟大的英国诗人，也是首位葬在维斯特敏斯特教堂诗人之角（Poet of Westminster Abbey）的诗人。
英国文学
英国文学⊙威廉．莎士比亚（William Shakespeare,1564—1616）⒈莎士比亚戏剧创作按时代、思想和艺术风格的发展可以分三个时期：⑴第一时期（1590—1600）以历史剧、喜剧为主，基调乐观向上，充满以人文主义理想解决社会矛盾的信心。
历史剧塑造了一系列正反面君主形象，反映了莎士比亚对封建割据并拥护中央集权，要求开明君主进行自上而下的改革，建立和谐者会关系的人文主义政治与道德理想的开明政治理想，代表作品有《查理三世》（Richard III,1592）、《亨利四世》（Henry IV,1597）。
喜剧以爱情、友谊、婚姻为主题，温和的揭露和嘲讽了旧事物的衰朽和丑恶，主人公多是一些就有人文主义智慧与美德的青年男女，通过他们争取自由和幸福的斗争，歌颂进步、美好的新人新风。
代表作品有《驯悍记》（The Taming of the Shrew,1593）、《仲夏夜之梦》（A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream,1595）、威尼斯商人（The Merchant of Venice,1596）、《温莎的风流娘们》（The Merry Wives of Windsor,1598）、《无事生非》（Much Ado about Nothing,1598）、《皆大欢喜》（As You Like It,1599）和《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night,1600）.⑵第二时期（1601—1607）以悲剧为主，创作风格从乐观明快转为悲观忧郁，创作思想从歌颂人文主义理想转而揭露批判社会的种种罪恶和黑暗，塑造的主人公是一些雄心勃勃地想要发展和完善自己，但又不能克服时代和自身的局限，终于在同环境和内心敌对势力的力量悬殊争斗中，遇到不可避免的失败和牺牲的具有人文主义的青年。
这一时期的代表作是四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet,1601）、《奥赛罗》（Othello,1604）、《李尔王》（King Lear,1605）、《麦克白》（Macbeth,1605）,他们标志着作者对时代、人生的深度思考。