长难句lesson1、2、3答案
阅读实战举例
lesson 1
练习1（SA T演练）
Fortune 500 companies actually dole out big fees to comedy consultants who offer humor seminars and improvisational workshops—all in the name of improved productivity.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：dole out 发放
语法分析：Fortune 500 companies actually dole out big fees to comedy consultants who offer humor seminars and improvisational workshops—all in the name of improved productivity.
参考译文：事实上，财富500 强的公司凭借提高生产力的名义，向开展幽默讨论会和即兴训练的喜剧顾问发放经费。
练习2（SA T演练）
One can as easily become a chemist or a neuroanatomist because of where one went to school or whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system.
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：neuroanatomist 神经解剖学家
compelling a.强制的
One can as easily become a chemist or a neuroanatomist because of where one went to school or whose influence one happened to come under as because of a compelling early response to the logic of chemistry or the beauty of the human nervous system.
参考译文：正如化学的机理和人类神经系统的完美能激发人早期自发的反应一样，人同样容易受到上学的地点和某位人士的影响，从而成为化学家或者神经解剖学家。
练习3 （托福演练）
But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：ichthyosaurs 鱼龙
But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth．
(of结构作定语：of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs…)
但这些因素并不能解释这个有趣的问题：为何在一个特定的地点会如此集中地出现即将临产的怀孕鱼龙群。
练习4（托福演练）
A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an
almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance．
难句类型：复杂修饰
难词注解：myriad 种种的
参考译文：
基于持续到19世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，再有金属框架的改善，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了能弹奏出种种音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢弘气氛。
练习5 （GRE 阅读演练）
Hydrogeology is a science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on the surface of the land, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere.
水文地质学是一门处理地表水、土壤水、岩层水和大气水的性质、分布和循环的学科。
练习6
Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used.
翻译：传统认为授粉是一个再生殖的过程并有如下几个特点：风授的随机性由产生大量的花粉、以消耗比实际需要多得多的花粉为代价来弥补风授的不确定性，以保证生殖的延续。
练习7
As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区,离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系,非正式的信息
流动被切断了,随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
练习8
The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多,而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时,有时甚至令人难以招架。
Lesson 2
练习1（SA T 演练）
The predominant fashion among serious writers has been to consider any recognizable concern for the reader as a commercial blemish on the otherwise spotless face of art.
参考译文：正统作家把任何可以辨识的基于读者的考虑当成是对原本无暇的艺术品的商业污点，这成为一种风尚。
本句需重点掌握otherwise 的用法，可以理解成“原本”。
练习 2 （SA T 演练）
Authors who make this their motto, in the name of artistic integrity, can hardly be expected to tolerate the attitudes of critically acclaimed nineteenth‐century novelists, who believed that their first duty was to try to seem “pleasant,”and that to do so they must render their meanings “without an effort to the reader.”
参考译文：将此奉为箴言的作家，就（作品）艺术的完整性的层面，很难容忍19 世纪受到评论界赞赏的小说家的态度。这些小说家认为自己的首要职责是“愉悦读者”，为实现该职责，他们必须把作品“不费吹灰之力”地展示给读者。
练习3 （托福演练）
The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stoneware or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament.
宗教雕塑的传统遍延了历史的大多数时期，但比起石器或瓷器而言却没有那么清晰的描述，因为它包含了有着后来的宗教图像和建筑装饰的葬陶术的旧习俗。
练习4 （托福演练）
The explanation is that the Maya excavated depressions, or modified natural depressions, and then plugged up leaks in the karst by plastering the bottoms of the depressions in order to create reservoirs, which collected rain from large plastered catchment basins and stored it for use in the dry season.
这个解释是这样的：玛雅人挖掘了洼地或者修整了自然洼地，然后在卡斯特地形的洼地的底部用厚石灰堵住了漏洞以便建造蓄水池。这些蓄水池可以在大片的积水盆地中收集雨水以便在旱季的时候使用。
练习5（GRE演练）
Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous, wind-pollinated plants have, in the view above, compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects.
因为，花粉粒在长途运输中所要遭受的潜在危险是巨大的，风媒传粉的植物，按上述观点来看，补偿了在偶然事件中伴随产生的花粉损失，是因为生产出的花粉数量比那些依靠昆虫传粉的植物所产生的花粉数量大一到三个数量级。
练习6（GRE演练）
Experiments show that insects can function as pollinators of cycads, rare, palm-like tropical plants. Furthermore, cycads removed from their native habitats—and therefore from insects native to those habitats—are usually infertile. 实验表明昆虫有着作为苏铁植物-一种稀少的，像手掌一样的热带植物的传粉者的功能。并且，当苏铁植物离开他们原来的栖息地时，通常就无法结果了，并且因此原本属于树上的昆虫也离开了他们的栖息地。
练习7 （GMAT 演练）
The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文]
这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求, 并且它(这种变化) 防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候,经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
练习8 （GMAT 演练）
The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
这场辩论是由政府发动的,政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里,甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
Lesson3
练习6
The function and status of ceramics in china varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial, trade-collectors, or even ritual objects, according to their quality and the era in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types---earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain---for vessels, architectural items such as roof tiles, and modeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important group of sculptures made for religious use, the majority of which were produced in earthenware.
在中国不同朝代中，制陶术的功能和形态是各不相同的，所以也许是用于实际、陪葬、贸易收藏，甚至仪式中的物品。根据他们的质量以及被制造的时代。制陶术粗略可以分为三类---土陶、石陶和陶瓷----用来做容器或者诸如屋顶瓦砾这种建筑用品，以及某种物体和形象的仿制。另外，有一些极为重要的雕塑还能在宗教中使用，多半使用土陶制作的。
练习7
Moreover, the tensions that arose within the Roman state produced literary and artistic sensibilities of the highest order. It was no accident that many leading roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.
另外，在罗马时代引发的紧张产生了文学和高等级的艺术感。这也是为什么许多顶尖的罗马士兵和政治家都是高等级的作家一点也不感到奇怪。
练习8
One reason why preschoolers fail to comprehend the stories they hear is that they are physiologically immature.
学前阶段的孩子对他们所听到的故事感到费解的其中一个原因是，他们生理方面发育并不成熟。
练习9
The history of clinical nutrition, or the study of the relationship between health and how the body takes in and utilizes food substances, can be divided into four distinct eras: the first began in the nineteenth century and extended into the early twentieth century when it was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents that were essential for human function and that different foods provided different amount essential agents.
临床营养学的历史或者说在健康与身体吸收和利用食品之间关系的研究，可以被分为四个不同的时期，第一个时期开始于19世纪又在20世纪早期得到了发展，当时也第一次意识到食物包含对人类功能十分重要的成分并且不同的食物提供不同的基本单位
练习10
The impact of rainfall upon the surface water and groundwater resources of the desert is greatly influenced by landforms flats and depressions where water can collect are common features, but they make up only a small part of the landscape.
沙漠地表水和地下水资源中降雨量的影响被平原和洼地这样的地貌严重地影响，能够收集是这些地貌的共同特征，他们是成为这种风景的一小部分因素。
高考英语阅读长难句
高考英语阅读长难句 1 Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication —e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news 2 Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. 3.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. 4 CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. 5 To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 6 For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. 7.But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. 8 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. 9 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 10.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 11 TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.
考研英语语法与长难句——徐磊教学内容
2014考研英语语法与长难句——徐磊 主讲：徐磊 一：动词四大词性：名词、动词、形容词、副词。 二：英语句子的基本结构：名词（n）+动词（v）+名词（n） 例如：我爱你！ 三、各个词性在英语中使用的原则。 动词：句子的核心，有且只有一个。 名词：发出动作或者是动作的承受者。 形容词：修饰名词。 副词：修饰动词、形容词和副词。 例如：我爱你！ ↑↑↑ 形容词副词形容词帅气的我十分爱温柔的你！ ↑↑↑ 副词副词副词十分帅气的我十分爱非常温柔的你！ 四、四大词性意义拓展 名词性：泛指一切等于名词的事物，传统语法中的主语和宾语。 动词性：泛指一切等于动词的事物，传统语法中的谓语。 形容词性：泛指一切等于形容词的事物，传统语法中的定语。 副词性：泛指一切等于副词的事物，传统语法中的状语。 精品文档
｛名词本身，代词，数词 名词性：｛其他词性变化得来：the+形容词（theold），todo,doing. ｛句子变名词：名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句）。 2、动词性：只有动词本身 ｛形容词本身 3、形容词性：｛其他词性变化得来：介词+名词（withcare=careful）， 动词+ing（interesting）， 动词+ed（interested）, To do,名词（babygirl）。 ｛句子变形容词：形容词性从句（定语从句）。 ｛副词本身。 4、副词性：｛其他词性变化得来：介词+名词， 动词+ing， 动词+ed, To do. ｛句子变副词：副词性从句（状语从句）。 五、语序调整简单句：名词+动词+名词。修饰成分绝大多数后置，只有单个词做修饰成分时组要前置。 六、动词的十六大时态 精品文档
英语长难句70句分析
如何掌握长难句 复杂长句是考研阅读理解短文的最显著特点之一，是文章语言难度所在，也是命题者常常出题之处。因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力，对于考研阅读理解至关重要。复杂长句典型的特点是，多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长的句子中，使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准确意义的理解困难。 对于复杂长句，不管其结构多么复杂多变、盘根错节，只要把握住句子结构的主脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，再根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难理解，考生在平时阅读时应多加练习。 下面分8类总结了最典型的70句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能将其中英文全部背熟，长难句肯定过关。 第一节比较结构 1.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 【参考译文】现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术---这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。 2.I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctr ine of “juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status． 【参考译文】或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后—样，我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 3.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 【参考译文】在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的---那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后---现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约生活的原因就多种多样了。
考研英语二长难句讲解
考研英语（二）长难句讲解 https://www.360docs.net/doc/8917220668.html,lennials wanted more flexibility in their lives, "notes Tanya Michelsen, Associate Director of Youthsight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. 【翻译】青春视野是一家位于英国的品牌公司，它定期对英国青年进行了60天的调查。其副总监（联合董事）Tanya Michelsen在同样可能适用于美国青年的研究发现中指出，“千禧一代希望在生活中有更大的灵活性。” 2.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas—city centres, “school streets”，even individual roads—are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. 【翻译】限制高污染汽车驶入某些地区，——如市中心、学区街道等，甚至是个别道路，这一限制措施是因为我们没有付出更大努力来严格执行现有法规和要求汽车公司生产合格车辆。 3.Madrid’s back and forth on clean air is a pointed reminder of the limits to the patchwork，city-by-city approach that characterises efforts on air pollution across Europe, Britain very much included. 【翻译】马德里（西班牙政府）在治理空气问题上的反复不定，明确提醒人们整个欧洲（在很大程度上也包括英国）为努力治理空气污染所采取的逐个城市拼凑的方式是有其局限性的。
英语阅读长难句
3月5日 【长难句】 Native American languages are indeed different，so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World WarⅡto send secret messages. 【句子分析】 1. 句子主干为主系表结构= Native American languages / are/ indeed different. 美洲土著/本土语言非常与众不同. 2. so much so in fact that ….预计很多同学会逐字翻译进行理解，但逐字翻译显然不通，一般这种情况，都考虑为一种类似固定的说法或搭配，翻译理解时不要死盯该部分，只要能区分出该部分是修饰成分，抓住主要意思即可。例如：so much so 所指内容较虚，但in fact 表“事实上”，取该部分的主要意思即可。 so much so in fact that = so much different / in fact/ so that = 如此与众不同/事实上/以至于= 调整汉语的语序表达为：事实上如此与众不同以至于 3.that从句为结果状语从句。 【词的处理】 native adj. 本国的；土著的；天然的；与生俱来的；天赋的 indeed adv. 的确；实在；真正地； military adj. 军事的；军人的；适于战争的 code n. 编码；密码；代码 【参考译文】 Native American languages are indeed different，so much so in fact that Navajo
考研英语长难句经典例子解析
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高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 第一节：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为“he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。 句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 第二节：提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and
考研英语长难句100句(精华!)
1. Looking beyond the 10-year period，the botanists estimate that some 3，000 native plant species may become extinct in the foreseeable future—more than 10 percent of the approximately 25，000 species of plants in the United States. 在展望10年后的情况时植物学家们估计，在未来可预见到的时间内，3 000种本地植物——占美国近25 000种植物的10%——将可能灭绝。 2. The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as a form of exploration，because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat to another for the purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations. 野生禽类和许多其他动物每年的迁徙，当然不能被看做是一种探险行为，因为，这些迁徙活动实际上只是从一个栖息地转移到另一个栖息地，以躲避气候的季节性变化。 3. Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products has many benefits：it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desired characteristics；can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn‘t traditionally have；can improve the nutritional value of products；and can produce cheaper and more environmentally friendly fertilizers. 转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点；它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征；可以改进食物的营养价值；可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。 4. What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core. And that fact means one thing：it ‘s an issue to be discussed not only around policy tables，but dinner tables. 使这场辩论不同一般的是：我们吃的每顿饭都成为争论的中心。而且，这个事实意味着一件事：这不仅是政策制定会上应该讨论的问题，而且是饭桌上要讨论的问题。 5.“Contact us before writing your application”or“Make use of our long experience in preparing your curriculum vitae or job history”is how it is usually expressed. “写申请前同我们联系”，“利用我们多年的经验来准备你的学历或工作经历”，这种广告经常这样宣传。 6. There is no doubt，however，that it is the increasing number of applicants with university education at all points in the process of engaging staff that has led to the greater importance of the curriculum vitae. 但是，毫无疑问，正是由于在申请工作的过程中具有大学学历的人数增加，使得简历更加重要。 7. Other goals of the interview are：to answer questions successfully，obtain any additional information needed to make a decision，accent your special strengths，establish a positive relationship，show confidence，and to sell yourself. 参加面试其他的目标包括：成功地回答问题，为做决定获得更多信息，强调自己的特殊优势，建立良好的关系，表达自己的信心，推销自己。 8. Based on these goals，place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipated questions and answers to three categories：company data，personal data，and specific job data. 在明确这些目标的基础上，将自己设想为面试你的人，在以下三个方面为自己设想出一些问题以及这些问题的答案：公司数据信息，个人信息，有关某份工作的特定信息。 9. Since the interview will center on you，proper self-management process is divided into four stages：the before stage，the greeting stage，the consultation stage，and the departure stage.