科技英语阅读课后答案
科技英语阅读答案
科技英语阅读答案【篇一：科技英语阅读答案unit 4】(robots)part i est readingreading 1section a pre-reading taskwarm-up questions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. how does a qb work?qb has a speaker, microphone, camera, and video screen. it connects to the internet over wi-fi. you control it from your computer in a web browser, using a headset and screen. if you have a camera you can show live video of yourself, or you can show a still picture on bad hair days.2. is driving a qb difficult? is there a hand-held control device i can use with my computer to control the anybot?its pretty easy. you use the 4 arrow keys to make it turn, go forward or back. its built-in guidance system takes care of the rest by avoiding furniture and people, and gliding straight through doorways. all the time you’re seeing real-time video from the robot’s head, so you know where you are. most people get used to it in a few minutes.not necessary, all you need is your keyboard.3. is a wi-fi network in the home or business needed?yes. you should have 802.11g access points for best results. you should use encryption – wpa2 is easiest. we find meraki business-class access points work well and are affordable and easy to set up. they have long-range and outdoor models too.4. what kind of sensors does the anybot have, and what is the resolution on the anybot camera?two cameras, 3 microphones, lidar, a 3-axis gyroscope and encoders on the wheels. the main camera is 5 megapixels.5. how do you control or drive the anybot?you should control or drive it through a web browser. you dont need any special equipment, but you’ll sound better with a headset.section c post-reading taskreading comprehension1. directions: work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.part 1 (paras. 1-5): brief introduction to the qbpara. 1: the appearance and advantages of the qb.para. 2: the fields in which the qb will be applied.para. 3: the composition of the qb.para. 4: useful designing makes the qb mobile and height-adjustable.para. 5: the qb is designed for those who expect to be in contact at all times and in allplaces without sacrificing presence.part 2 (paras. 6-11): the test drive of the qbpara. 6: the objective and planned procedure of the test drive. para. 7: the actual performance of the qb in completing the planned mission.para. 8: the built-in lidar system and the camera enable the qb move smoothly.para. 9: the qb’s laser-pointer eye turned out to be useful when greeting people.para. 10: a valuable lesson has been learned through the test drive: never drive outside therange of the wi-fi network.para. 11: the qb slips down along the ramp when the wi-fi connection drops.2. directions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1) what can a robot do in your daily life?they can move materials, parts, tools, or other specialized devices to perform a variety of tasks. nowadays, they are also capable of attending meetings for you.2) what does a robot look like?undoubtedly, different robots look differently. the qb just looks like a floor lamp mounted on a vacuum cleaner.3) can a robot be remotely controlled? how?yes, through a web browser.4) have you ever heard of the qb?5) have you seen any movies related to robots, do you believe that these robots will be created and applied in the real life?6) suppose that you were a businessman, how will you use it to bring customers in?7) do you desire to have a qb of your own?3. directions: read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the wordsyou’ve learned in the text.qb —anybots, inc.’s newly surrogate robot will be available to the public soon. despite its $15,000 price and its not-so-handsome appearance: it looks like a floor lamp on a cleaner, the company believes that its high-tech will appeal to a new generation of workers who’d like to be in contact without sacrificing ―presence‖. the qb has a speaker, microphone, camera, pointer, system and video screen. it connects to the browser, using a headset and screen. although the operator cannot be there if the operator has a camera he can show live video of himself, or he can show a still picture on bad hair days.vocabulary and structure1. directions: give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. use each word once.1) avoidance, traditionally considered a high level planning problem, can beeffectively distributed between different levels of control, allowing real-time robot operations in a complex environment. 2) it covers the higher level techniques of perspective projection, analyticalphotogrammetry, motion, image matching, consistent labeling, model matching, and knowledge-based vision systems.3) on large feet for stability.4) anthropomorphic series-actuated robot-arms.5) aspects of the performance of in-parallel-actuated robot-arms are compared and contrasted with those of series-actuated arms.6) we have experimented with the planner using several computer-simulated robots,including rigid objects with 3 dofs (in 2d work space) and 6 dofs (in 3d work space)7) the execution of a task, as regards to both physical activity and decision making.8) in the course of centuries, human being have constantly attempted to seek substitutes thatwould be able to mimic their behavior in the various instances of with the surrounding environment.9) by its usual meaning, the term automation a technology aimed at replacinghuman being with machines in a manufacturing process, as regard not only the execution of physical operations but also the intelligent processing of information on the status of 10) by virtue of its programmability, the industrial robot is a typical component of rigid automated systems and in flexible automated systems.2. directions: complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. change the form if necessary.1) this is significant because it is not obvious that the theory can be extended to include anaccount of quantifier scope without an appeal to additional representational levels. a full the work, but this reviewer would have liked some reassurance that one is possible.2) the values in the domain type.3) this paper shows how to compute linear and quadratic estimates to the variation of the4) we have constructed an in vitro movement system in which purified single action filamentslabeled with fluorescent phalloidin are observed to myosin filaments fixed to a glass surface.5) it did not for established companies to invest early in the disruptivetechnologies, because the margins tended to be much lower and the market was unproven.6) because their authors are interested in correlations between the properties of areas as such.7) they suggest that having an expressive face and indicating attention with movement both make8) (control group) or via telemedicine (telemedicine group) and were followed prospectively.9) unlabeled data are available with littlecost, it is therefore natural to ask the question that in addition to human labeled data, whether one can also take advantage of the unlabeled data in order to improve the effectiveness of a ofa machine-learned categorizer.10) burst are dropped.3. directions: reorder the disordered parts of sentences to make a complete sentence.1) given that robots generally lack muscles, they cant rely on muscle memory (the trick thatallows our bodies to become familiar over time with movements such as walking orbreathing) to help them more easily complete repetitive tasks.2) for autonomous robots, this can be a bit of a problem, since they may have toaccommodate changing terrain in real time or risk getting stuck or losing their balance.3) one way around this is to create a robot that can process information from a variety ofsensors positioned near its ―legs‖ and identify different patterns as it moves, a team of researchers report sunday in nature physics.4) some scientists rely on small neural circuits called central pattern generators (cpg) tocreate walking robots that are aware of their surroundings.5) some researchers are leading a project that has created a six-legged robot with one cpgthat can switch gaits depending upon the obstacles it encounters.4. directions: change the following sentences into the passive-voice ones.1) a novel twist is introduced on this traditional approach (by the new field of experimentalphilosophy).2) the search to understand people’s ordinary intuitions is continued (by experimentalphilosophers).3) this is accomplished by using the methods of contemporary cognitive science —experimental studies, statistical analyses, cognitive models, and so forth.4) just in the past year or so, this new approach has been being applied (by a number ofresearchers) to the study of intuitions about consciousness.5) how people think about the mind can be better understood by studying how people thinkabout three different types of abstract entities.discourse understanding1. g.2. f.3. e.4. d.5. c.reading 2section a pre-reading taskwarm-up questions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. do you have any idea about the middle ages? and the dark ages in human history?【篇二：科技英语阅读答案unit 8】/p> unit 8 space explorationpart i est readingreading 1section a pre-reading taskwarm-up questions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1. how much do you know about the space?space is the boundless, three-dimensional extent in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction.[1] physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of the boundless four-dimensional continuum known as spacetime. in mathematics one examines spaces with different numbers of dimensions and withdifferent underlying structures. the concept of space is considered to be of fundamental importance to an understanding of the physical universe although disagreement continues between philosophers over whether it is itself an entity, a relationship between entities, or part of a conceptual framework.2. how do you understand the title “does god play dice”?the science of chaos is forcing scientists to rethink einsteins fundamental assumptions regarding the way the universe behaves. chaos theory has already shown that simple systems, obeying precise laws, can nevertheless act in a randommanner. perhaps god plays dice within a cosmic game of complete law and order. does god play dice? reveals a strange universe in which nothing may be as it seems. familiar geometric shapes such as circles and ellipses give way to infinitely complex structures known as fractals, the fluttering of a butterflys wings can change the weather, and the gravitational attraction of a creature in a distant galaxy can change the fate of the solar system.3. what is determinism?determinism (specifically causal determinism) is the concept that events within a given paradigm are bound by causality in such a way that any state (of an object or event) is, to some large degree, determined by prior states.4. how do you understand “the world must have seemed pretty arbitrary and random”?disasters such as floods or diseases must have seemed to happen without warning, or apparent reason. primitive people attributed such natural phenomena, to a pantheon of gods and goddesses, who behaved in a capricious and whimsical way. there was no way to predict what they would do, and the only hope was to win favor by gifts or actions. many people still partially subscribe to this belief, and try to make a pact with fortune.5. do you think we can predict absolutely what is going to happen?of course not. some disasters like may 12 earthquake have proved that “no living man all things can.”section c post-reading taskreading comprehension1. directions: work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.part 1 (para. 1): brief introduction to the topic.para. 1: brief introduction to the topic.part 2 (paras. 2-3): laplace’s idea of scientific determinism.para. 2: introduction to scientific determinismpara.3: the connotation of determinismpart 3 (paras. 4-5): planck’s quantum mechanicspara. 4: introduction to quantum mechanics.para. 5: the connotation of quantum mechanics.2. directions: work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1) do you think we can predict what will happen?sometimes yes, sometimes not. we can predict what will happen in principle.2) can you give list some regularities in the behavior of nature? (open)3) how do you understand “a scientific law is not a scientific law, if it only holds when somesupernatural being, decides to let things run, and not intervene”?in effect what he said was, that if at one time, we knew the positions and speeds of all the particlesin the universe, then we could calculate their behavior at any other time, in the past or future.4) how much do you know “quantum mechanics”?quantum mechanics is the study of the relationship between quanta and elementary particles.among other relationships the valence shell electrons and photons are quantized. quantummechanics is a fundamental branch of physics with wide applications in both experimental andtheoretical physics. quantum theory generalizes all classical theories, including mechanics,electromagnetism (except general relativity), and provides accurate descriptions for manypreviously unexplained phenomena such as black body radiation and stable electron orbits.theeffects of quantum mechanics are typically not observable on macroscopic scales, but becomeevident at the atomic and subatomic level.5) what has been a central tenet of science, ever since laplace’s time?the idea that the state of the universe at one time determines the state at all other times, has been acentral tenet of science, ever since laplace’s time.3. directions: read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve learned in th e text.newton’s theory of gravity to predict the motion of almostall expressed by laplace. in effect what he said was that if at one time, we knew the positions and speeds ofvocabulary and structure1. directions: give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. use each word on.them.2. directions: complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. change the form if necessary.1) most of the aud ience ueservedly subscribed to prof. tom’s proposal on space explorationin last lecture.在上次讲座里，多数听众毫无保留地赞同汤姆教授在空间探索方面的建议。
《实用科技英语教程》阅读理解(参考答案)
《实用科技英语教程》阅读理解参考答案Unit 1 Computer ScienceText A多项选择1. B．keep up with the increased amounts of information in the world2. D．buying and selling3. A．keeping contact with other people4. C．people can be connected to the Internet正误判断1. T2. NG3. T4. F5. F6. NG完成句子1. productivity and efficiency2. their future sales, profits and costs3. Learning-by-doing4. hand held computers5. faster and cheaperText B多项选择1. A．it is small and portable.2. B．Newer laptops with larger screens are available because of improved technology.3. D．They become much smaller to replace desktops.4. C．The weight should be considered if you travel a lot.完成句子1. are miniaturized2. size and weight3. features and design4. The surgeUnit 2 The InternetText A正误判断1. T2. F3. F4. T5. F6. NG7. T8. T9. T多项选择1. A．It originated from a national network.2. C．It consists of network facilities and information resources.3. B．it allows a jump to other Internet services4. D．it developed the particular tradition and customs of its own 完成句子1. exchange messages and conduct electronic “conferences”2. to set up a remote terminal connection3. a high-speed data communication circuit and a radio channel多项选择1. A. You can’t get on the Internet without it.2. B. they have a large number of users3. A. You can’t get connected to the Internet.4. D. It helps the main server work during rush hour.5. C. they can’t use other services provided online except sending and receiving emails 完成句子1. an Internet account with some ISP2. internal modems3. The quality of the connection4. the format5. a problem in your connectionUnit 3 Automation TechnologyText A正误判断1. T2. F3. T4. F5. T6. F7. T完成句子1. welding, spray painting2. they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another task3. A sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions4. grow多项选择1. A．They are made for only one job.2. B．They help save time for us to do other things.3. D．Rovio4. C．negativeUnit 4 The EnvironmentText A多项选择1. C．reducing global warming2. A．the breakdown of the Soviet Union resulted in ceasement of effective management3. D．The conservation proved a great success in terms of its remarkable population growth.4. B．the intense poaching5. A．marketing them for entertainment gives them an economic value正误判断1. T2. T3. NG4. F5. NGText B多项选择1. D．It contains sulphuric acid and nitric acid.2. B．fishermen in North America and Europe noticed a sharp reduction in the quantity of fish.3. A. The soil contains less nutrients for plants.1. coal burning; processing raw ore2. fossil fuels; forest fires3. aquatic species; the deaths of the hatchlings4. food; habitat5. the tracks are badly damaged due to corrosion caused by acid rainfallList the effects of acid rain on plant life.1. are damaged by acidic rainfall, causing the growth of the plant to be stunted, or even in its death2. are destroyed by the acidity3. The waxy layer on the leaves4. Plant germination and reproductionWhat can we do to alleviate the effects of acid rain?1. A reduction in use of vehicles2. Reducing power consumption3. Speak to others about this problem4. enact suitable legislationUnit 5 Energy ScienceText A正误判断1. T2. F3. T4. F5. F6. T7. F8. T9. NG10. T1. investment and experience2. “phantom load”3. between 7 and 10 percent4. using transparent materials5. improves insulationText B多项选择1. A．They can be converted into electricity.2. B．global warming3. D．It affects many areas.4. C．the affected plants are forced to focus on internal repair选词填空1. B2. E3. D4. A5. C6. FUnit 6 TransportationText A多项选择1. D．all of the above2. A．they can compete with the Toyota Prius3. A．it was an energy-efficient vehicle made of the greenest materials4. C．Microjoule5. B．train正误判断1. T2. F3. NG4. T5. F完成句子1. miles per gallon2. sleek and high-performing vehicles3. 1) cardboard bicycle; 2) electric bike; 3) hybrid vehicle4. reduction in pollution; reduce congestionText B正误判断1. F2. F3. T4. T5. F6. T7. F8. T9. T10.FCountries and Measures1. public transit and bicycle paths2. Unnecessary trips3. cash alternative4.Car-sharing networks; incentives to driveUnit 7 Materials ScienceText A正误判断1. T2. T3. F4. T5. F6. T7. T8. F9. F10. TText B正误判断1. T2. F3. T4. F5. T6. F7. F8. T多项选择1. C. A and B2. D. it has numerous possible applications完成句子1. an environmental risk; the development of silver-antibiotic-resistant bacteria2. how nanoscale materials behaveUnit 8 BiotechnologyText A正误判断1. T2. T3. F4. T5. F6. F7. F8. F9. F10. T完成句子1. white biotech or green chemistry2. enzymes and genetically engineered microbes3. Enzymes; microbes4. oil price5. Growing non-food cropsText B完成句子1. a scientific discipline2. organic and nonorganic3. biological catalysts4. products; services5. bread-making6. the first biotechnological revolution7. genetic engineering, enzyme technology, and fermentation technology8. the inventions and process and product innovations9. agriculture, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and even weaponry10. natural agriculture products多项选择C．both A and BUnit 9 Space ScienceText A多项选择1. A．Scientific and industrial experiments2. C．artificial gravity3. B．Human beings themselves4. D．people can make money from the relevant research完成句子1. recycling air and water2. 3 years3. weightless environment4. to profit from spaceText B完成句子1. science from space; science in space2. telescopes3. Greater clarity4. high-energy atomic particles5. orbit other planets6. spacecraft; robots7. microgravity environment8. Weightlessness9. the development and functionality10. evolution分类Science from Space：B,C,F,H,I,L,MScience in Space：A,D,E,G,J,K,NUnit 10 Earth Science Text A正误判断1. F2. NG3. T4. F5. T完成句子1. subdisciplines2. cooperative and collaborative3. continents move; cools and hardens4. more accurate搭配1. D2. A3. B4. CText B多项选择1. B．It occurs when frictional stress continues to release.2. D．the severing of electrical and gas lines3. A．aftershocks4. C．some of them become liquefied when saturated 完成句子1. become locked2. have already been weakened3. cause destruction; take human lives4. higher losses of life5. at least 1783 deaths6. 7.9。
《科技英语》课后习题答案
Main Content: UNIT 1 MATHEMATICSI.Text OrganizationParts ParagraphsMain IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science ofstrategy which studies both pure conflicts(zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperativeforms.Part Two Paras.4-11 There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential-move game and simultaneous-move game.Part Three Paras.12-19The typical examples of game theory are givenas the basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves,bargaining, concealing and revealinginformation.Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded inillustrating strategies in situations ofconflict and cooperation and it will focus onthe design of successful strategy in future. nguage PointsThe games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (Para.1)Paraphrase: The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child bringing-up and from tennis to handovers.range: v. to vary between limits, extend, run in a linee.g. (1) The price ranges from $ 30 to $ 80. (2) The boundary ranges from north to south.takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. 接收、接管e.g. The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeover. Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (Para.2)pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others)e.g. The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital.pioneer: n. original investigator of subject or explorer or settler; initiator of enterprisee.g. The young generation was greatly motivated by the pioneers’exploits.That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implementtheir actions jointly. (Para.2)Paraphrase: That is, the players were expected to select and carry out their actions together.…he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foresee e.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution.anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time 预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always anticipate his income.The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. (Para.4)Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other.essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thinge.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possiblee.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint (椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each otherinter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview等。
五年级科技创新英语阅读理解20题
五年级科技创新英语阅读理解20题1. The passage mentions that artificial intelligence can help doctors in hospitals. What can it do?A. It can clean the hospital roomsB. It can cook for the patientsC. It can assist in diagnosing diseasesD. It can build new hospitals答案：C。
解析：文章提到人工智能在医院能帮助医生，在医院里人工智能能协助诊断疾病，而不是打扫房间、为病人做饭或者建造新医院。
2. In the part about space exploration, which of the following is mentioned as a possible discovery?A. New kinds of plants that can talkB. A planet made of goldC. A new star system with habitable planetsD. A magic spaceship that can fly without fuel答案：C。
解析：在太空探索部分，提到可能的发现是有可居住行星的新星系，没有提到会说话的植物、金子做的星球或者不需要燃料就能飞的神奇飞船。
3. What new energy source is described in the passage as being very clean?A. CoalB. OilC. Solar powerD. Firewood答案：C。
解析：文章中提到太阳能是非常清洁的新能源，煤炭、石油和木柴都不是清洁的新能源。
4. According to the passage, how does artificial intelligence make our life easier in traffic?A. It can drive all the cars for usB. It can build more roadsC. It can control traffic lights betterD. It can make cars fly答案：C。
科技英语阅读试题及答案
科技英语阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解阅读下面的文章，然后回答1-5题。
A New Era in Space ExplorationThe exploration of space has always been a fascinating endeavor for humanity. With the recent advancements in technology, we are now entering a new era of space exploration. Private companies are taking the lead, and the cost of launching satellites and sending payloads into space has significantly decreased. This has opened up opportunities for a wider range of scientific research and commercial applications.1. What is the main theme of the passage?A. The cost of space explorationB. The role of private companies in space explorationC. The history of space explorationD. The new era of space exploration2. According to the passage, what has changed in the field of space exploration?A. The number of countries involvedB. The type of technology usedC. The leadership of government agenciesD. The cost and accessibility3. What does the author suggest about the future of space exploration?A. It will be limited to government projectsB. It will be more expensiveC. It will involve more scientific research and commercial applicationsD. It will be less technologically advanced4. What is the significance of the phrase "taking the lead"in the context of the passage?A. It refers to the government's role in space explorationB. It indicates that private companies are now leading the wayC. It suggests that the cost of space exploration is increasingD. It implies that technology is becoming less important5. What can be inferred from the passage about the impact of the new era of space exploration?A. It will lead to a decrease in scientific researchB. It will result in fewer commercial applicationsC. It will make space exploration more accessibleD. It will limit the opportunities for technological advancements答案：1. D2. D3. C4. B5. C二、词汇理解Read the following sentences and choose the best word to fill in the blanks.6. The development of new materials has _______ theefficiency of many electronic devices.A. enhancedB. reducedC. maintainedD. limited7. Scientists are constantly _______ new methods to study the universe.A. discoveringB. forgettingC. ignoringD. dismissing8. The use of renewable energy sources has _______ the reliance on fossil fuels.A. increasedB. decreasedC. stabilizedD. intensified9. The _______ of artificial intelligence in various fields has revolutionized the way we work and live.A. integrationB. disintegrationC. limitationD. prohibition10. The _______ of the project was delayed due to unexpected technical issues.A. implementationB. terminationC. initiationD. culmination答案：6. A7. A8. B9. A10. A三、完形填空Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.In recent years, the field of robotics has seen a remarkable _______ (11) in its capabilities. This is largely due to the _______ (12) of advanced sensors and artificial intelligence. Robots are now capable of performing complex tasks that were once thought to be the exclusive domain of humans. However, there are concerns about the _______ (13) of job displacementas robots become more proficient.11. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stagnationD. fluctuation12. A. integrationB. exclusionC. obsolescenceD. abandonment13. A. possibilityB. impossibilityC. inevitabilityD. uncertainty答案：11. A12. A13. A四、翻译Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.14. The breakthrough in nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of new medical treatments.15. The application of blockchain technology is not limitedto financial services; it has the potential to transform various industries.答案：14. 纳米技术的重大突破为新医疗方法的发展铺平了道路。
高考英语阅读理解复习-科技类20篇(含解析)
科技类词汇对应阅读passage1A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than100ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past60years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says，"It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave."Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest."Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，"says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory."Technology is a tall tree，"John Fernald said."But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by manyyears."As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？A．To present the process of group discussion.B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is.A．supportiveB．cautiousC．uncertainD．critical（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？A．It will focus on innovation.B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.【分析】这是一篇说明文。
科技英语阅读李健答案
科技英语阅读李健答案【篇一：科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译u3】物的适应性植物为了生存也必须像人类和动物一样适应周边的环境。
生存就意味着竞争，我们很难想象植物之间的竞争，但它往往又存在的。
首先，不同的植物之间会争夺阳光、空气、土壤和水。
其次，植物也会与那些吃它或者威胁到它生存环境的人类和动物竞争。
再次，植物所处的环境也可能也是有敌对性的或者不利于植物生长的。
怎样才能有足够的阳光、水分、空气和土壤？气温的冷热就是植物生长的主要因素吗？光对于植物来说是最基本的，尤其是对于绿色植物来说。
绿色植物在光下能制造养分——这是一种被称为光合作用的过程，而光也能影响水分蒸发的速率和花的形成。
温度也是必须考虑的因素。
对于大多数植物来说，所处的温度低于一度或者高于四十三度都将对其造成严重的损伤甚至死亡。
而温度也直接影响了种子的萌芽以及开花，当然温度也决定了它们的地理分布。
没有水植物也是无法生存的。
有些植物的生长过程需要大量的水分，因此潮湿的空气、大量的降水以及溪流湖泊和湿润的土壤对于植物都是重要的。
大多数植物需要有足够空气。
大气中所包含的一些必要的气体包括：氧气、二氧化碳、水蒸气和氮气。
空气移动所产生的风对于植物也有很大影响。
风有助于传播花粉、孢子和种子从而将它们播种在各种地方，但强风也有可能折断或者损害植物，尤其是大树。
而大风吹走了一些有养分的土壤，也会加快水分的蒸发甚至使植物缺水。
土壤对于陆生植物来说是必不可少的。
大部分植物生长在自然土壤里：其中包含着它的湿度、酸度、矿物成分、含氧量。
植物生长也会受到其他竞争生物的影响。
它必须能适应寄生菌、饥饿的鸟类、牛羊等食用叶子的动物，但植物也需要动物帮助传播花粉以及播洒种子。
有树叶和枝干的树以及灌木向我们展示了它们的适应性，这也告诉了我们植物是怎样获得最大量的光和空气的。
和那些山毛榉树、榆树、橡树、苹果树和栗子树一样，它们有一些芽最初是垂直生长的然而另一些却变成了水平生长。
为了能得到最多的阳光，一些垂直生长的枝芽会螺旋缠绕生长以至于不会遮挡到自己下边的叶子。
科技英语阅读答案Unit 6, 10
Unit 6 Mechanics and AutomotivesPart I EST ReadingReading 1Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1.What do you think will be the most popular mechanic field in the future? And why?(Open)2.Do you know anything about NANO-BIO technology?Nanobiotechnology is the branch of nanotechnology with biological and biochemical applications or uses. Nanobiotechnology often studies existing elements of nature in order to fabricate new devices. The term bionanotechnology is often used interchangeably with nanobiotechnology, though a distinction is sometimes drawn between the two. If the two are distinguished, nanobiotechnology usually refers to the use of nanotechnology to further the goals of biotechnology, while bionanotechnology might refer to any overlap between biology and nanotechnology, including the use of biomolecules as part of or as an inspiration for nanotechnological devices.3.Have you ever heard of CAD in engineering design?CAD: Computer-aided design (CAD), also known as computer-aided drafting and design (CADD), is the use of computer technology for the process of design and design-documentation. Computer Aided Drafting describes the process of drafting with a computer. CADD software, or environments, provide the user with input-tools for the purpose of streamlining design processes; drafting, documentation, and manufacturing processes. CADD output is often in the form of electronic files for print or machining operations. The development of CADD-based software is in direct correlation with the processes it seeks to economize; industry-based software (construction, manufacturing, etc.) typically uses vector-based (linear) environments whereas graphic-based software utilizes raster-based (pixelated) environments.4.What is computational simulation and can you give an example?Simulation is the imitation of some real thing, state of affairs, or process. The act of simulating something generally entails representing certain key characteristics or behaviours of a selected physical or abstract system. The network computer games are typical example of computational simulation.5.How does computational simulation help engineering design?Combined with advances in CAD systems, it will be possible for mechanical engineers to collaborate in immersive interactive environments where they can design collaboratively,test hypothesis, run models and simulations and observe their creations in three dimensions much as an engineer can observe a car being built with their colleagues on the shop floor.Section C Post-reading TaskReading Comprehension1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea.Part 1 (Paras. 1-4) Brief introduction to the two expanding frontiers of engineering Para. 1: A vision of the engineers’ knowledge and coordination in the future.Para. 2: the two frontiers predicted.Para. 3: The requirements for the mechanical engineers in the future.Para. 4: An engine er’s point of the development of design.Part 2 (Paras. 5-8) The future of nanotechnology and biotechnologyPara. 5: Nanotechnology and biotechnology as the most influential fields.Para. 6: the core of technological innovation has shifted to biology and the environment.Para. 7: The great expectations of biotechnology.Part 3 (Paras. 9-15) The designing methods of the engineers in the futurePara. 8: The democratization of the process of designing and creating new devices.Para. 9: Futurist Rohit Talwar’s highlight of immersive interactive skills.Para. 10: The affordable vision of CAD.Para. 11: The future vision of engineers’ design independently.Para. 12: The future vision of engineers’ design at home.2. Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1) According to the text, what is the “very large system” the engineers have to work on?Multidisciplinary and multi-scale engineering across greater distances and timeframes2) According to the text, what is the “very small system” the engineers have to work on?Nanotechnology.3) In order to “work at the extremes”, what would the engineers probably do in thefuture?Be adept at integrating different disciplines, addressing increasingly complex customer andstakeholder requirements, and treating multiple interacting systems.4) Why would the future employers demand engineers adept at integrating differentdisciplines?They must be able to conceive and direct projects of enormous complexity that require a highly integrative view of engineering systems.5) What is the future application vision of Nano-Bio?Nanotechnology and biotechnology will dominate technological development in the next 20 years and will be incorporated into all aspects of technology that affect our lives on a daily basis. Nano-Bio will provide the building blocks that future engineers will use to solve pressing problems in diverse fields including medicine, energy, water management, aeronautics, agriculture and environmental management.6) Can you make some examples on how nanotechnology and biotechnology will beapplied?(Open)7) According to the passage, what might be the most important working method for thefuture engineers?Designing at home would be the the most important working method for the future engineers.8) How will the home-based personal fabrication become readily available?Rapid prototyping and fabrication laboratories are improving and will soon be affordable for those running home offices, teaching classes and those inventing or building as a hobby.Within 20 years, it is likely that home-based personal fabricators will be economically attractive and available to anyone who wants them.3. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the words or phrases you’ve learned in the text.In order to get ready for the multidisciplinary and multi-scale engineering, engineers must be adept at integrating different disciplines, addressing increasingly complex customer and stakeholder requirements. Nowadays, the application of Nanotechnology and biotechnology goes far beyond the prosaic use of nanofabrics in pants to prevent stains, but is poised for even greater application over the next 20 years. Biotechnology is now on the verge of a revolution in which genetic components are standardized and interchangeable, therefore, the engineers must design collaboratively, test hypothesis, run models and simulations and observe their creations in immersive interactive environments.Vocabulary and Structure1. Directions: Give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. Then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. Use each word once.1) The disciplinary research requires cooperation among different fields of science.2) Carl works in the insurance division of the company.3) He poised himself for a jump.4) Titanium fabrication plays a very important part in aeronautics.5) Many people believe that women are more intuitive than men.6) PCs are now democratized all around the world.7) We should avoid plain prosaic statement in our compositions.8) The spectacular visual effects offered us an incredibly immersive gaming experience.9) The thesis shows us a mathematical simulation in theory.10) The structural complexity of this nanofabric product is the most important part in itsmassive production.2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary.1) Biotechnology is on the verge of a revolution in which genetic components arestandardized and interchangeable.生物技术正处于基因革命的边缘。
科技英语部分课后练习答案
III: Text Organization
Part I (1-3):
A multibillion-dollar craft called the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV).
Part II (4-7): David Gump and Gary Hudson;
.
4
Page 52:
III: Translation
11.每个化学元素在周期表中都有一定的原子数和 位置，可以据此来推测其特性：如何同别的元素 相互作用，能形成什么样的化合物，以及它的物 理属性。
12.固体加热到足够温度时，它所含的电子就会有 一部分离开固体表面而飞到周围的空间中去；这 种现象称为热电子放射；通常，电子管就利用这 种现象产生自由电子。
.
5
Page 74-75:
II: Abstract Correction
The current calibration methods of the projectilevelocity measurement system are introduced, and the problem and the unreasonableness of these methods are analyzed. Based on the principle of the mathematical statistics, the calibration method is investigated that measures the projectile-velocity at the same time by the multi-group zone-block device is unbiased, uniform and efficient and uses the average of the measured value as the true value of the projectile-velocity at the point.
科技英语课文翻译及课后答案
第一单元自动化第二部分阅读A自动化的含义“自动化”已经是，而且现在仍然是，一个被大量滥用的词。
但是，人们对其确切的意义以及所包括的内容，正在逐渐地有了较为正确的了解。
如果不是下一个定义的话，我也许可以尝试作些解释，把自动化说成是一个概念。
运用这个概念，人们通过对机器装置的性能进行充分的测量、观察和控制，从而使其以最高的效率运转。
这需要对这种装置的功能有一个详细而连贯性的了解，以便需要时便能运用最佳的矫正操作。
自动化按其确切的意义，只有全面运用通信、计算和控制三个主要组成部分（“三C" )才能完全实现。
我认为，确保人们对合为一体的三个组成部分对我们的社会所蕴含着的某些意义有所认识和了解，是很有必要的。
首先，我们不妨考虑工业部门之一的炼钢工业。
在炼钢工业中，自动化已经开始成型。
到过钢厂的人都会知道从高炉开始的各种工艺流程的一些情况，成品条钢或板钢生产出来之后，再准备送往制造工艺车间或汽车厂，这些工艺流程是相互链接的。
为了使工厂中各个车间充分发挥效率，可以使用计算机来控制每个车间。
在此之前，计算机工作所需要的一切资料均输入机内。
就高炉来说，需要给计算机提供装人高炉的原料的信息、高炉工作温度的信息和处理各种各样配料的最好方法等方面的资料。
钢厂的高炉操作是一项复杂而要求技术熟练的作业，需要大量的知识和大量的综合信息，并迅速地做出判定选择，以便确保高炉工艺流程中的下一阶段的有效工作。
计算机对所有这一切都了解得很透彻，能够做出非常大量的中间判定，并且能够把全部信息立刻和不间断地提供给管理人员，以使他们做出高效管理这个工厂所需要的最后决定。
由此产生的信息数据和判定要进行处理，然后转送到下一个工序。
在这里，对操作的一些专门细节再次进行整理，提出最佳和最终的判定，然后对这些信息再一次进行处理并输送给下一道工序。
同时，当信息数据从生产单元的一道工序输送到下一工序并完全结合成为一项新的操作时，每次变化的结果反馈到最初阶段，而且，不断地做进一步的调整，结果是整个工厂的工艺流程便能够高效率地进行下去。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
科技英语阅读课后答案【篇一：科技英语阅读习题答案汇总】tions: reorder the disordered parts of a sentence to make a complete sentence.1) facebook allows anyone who declares themselves to be aged 13 or older to become amember of the website.2) the websites membership was initially limited by the founders to harvard students, but wasexpanded to other colleges in the boston area, the ivy league, and stanford university.3) facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies,including apple inc. and microsoft.4) the media often compares facebook to myspace, but one significant difference between thetwo websites is the level of customization.5) the patent may encourage facebook to pursue action against websites that violate the patent,which may potentially include websites such as twitter.4. directions: change the following sentences into nominalized ones.1) network security has become a major concern for organizations and individuals.2) for these reasons, making an operating system ready and available is helpful.3) the security policy development process may also involve the identification of protection.4) rather, it is a brief description of a number of important product features, such as the input method, network connectivity, operating system, and database capabilities.5) while formulating the interview plan, designers should work closely with project stakeholders who have access to users.unit 43. directions:1) given that robots generally lack muscles, they cant rely on muscle memory (the trickthat allows our bodies to become familiar over time with movements such as walking or breathing) to help them more easily complete repetitive tasks.2) for autonomous robots, this can be a bit of a problem, since they may have toaccommodate changing terrain in real time or risk getting stuck or losing their balance.3) one way around this is to create a robot that can process information from a variety ofsensors positioned near its ―legs‖ a nd identify different patterns as it moves, a team of researchers report sunday in nature physics.4) some scientists rely on small neural circuits called central pattern generators (cpg) tocreate walking robots that are aware of their surroundings.5) bernstein center for computational neuroscience researcher poramate manoonpongand max planck institute for dynamics and self-organization researcher marc timme are leading a project that has created a six-legged robot with one cpg that can switch gaits depending upon the obstacles it encounters.4. directions: change the following sentences into the passive-voice ones. 1) a novel twist is introduced on this traditional approach (by the new field of experimentalphilosophy).2) the search to unders tand people’s ordinary intuitions is continued (by experimentalphilosophers).3) this is accomplished by using the methods of contemporary cognitive science—experimental studies, statistical analyses, cognitive models, and so forth.4) just in the past year or so, this new approach has been being applied (by a number ofresearchers) to the study of intuitions about consciousness.5) how people think about the mind can be better understood by by studying how peoplethink about three different types of abstract entities.unit 7 genetic engineering2. directions: complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. change the form ifnecessary.1) restriction enzyme is an endonuclease that cuts dna at sites defined by its recognition sequence.dna限制内切酶是一种酸内切酶，它能够在其识别序列指定的部位切割dna。
2) genetic information is encoded by dna and arranged in the form of genes.遗传信息的基本单位是dna（脱氧核糖核酸），以基因的形式排列组合在一起。
3) the main advances made in medicine during the renaissance (c. 1350–c. 1600; a european revival of classical greek and roman culture) was greater understanding of human anatomy (parts of the body).医药科学在文艺复兴时期（大致是1300年-1600年之间的一段历史时期，以古希腊罗马文化的复兴为主要标志）取得的最大进展之一就是对人体解剖结构的理解。
4) these are the premise on which murphys law is based.这些就是莫菲定律的理论前提。
5) the flight is culminated with a thrilling three-dimensional smoke chase, each aircraft alternating lead and follow positions across the sky.一场动人心魄的三维烟雾追逐表演将整个活动推向高潮。
在这场表演中，观众可以看到每一架参演的飞机都在天空中不断改变自己的位置，一会儿在前，一会儿在后。
6) supervised teaching practicum is designed to establish the knowledge basis of oncology nursing.在导师指导下进行的教学实践课程是肿瘤科护士学习专业知识所必需的环节。
7) good will prevail over evil in the end.善终会战胜恶。
8) ecology is therefore a perquisite to eradication or elimination, and will be essential to sustaining success in the long term.因此，生态环境是生物灭绝或消失的先决条件，从长远上讲也是物种成功生存的重要条件。