宾语从句讲解及练习

宾语从句讲解及练习

一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、种类：根据引导宾语从句的不同连接词，宾语从句可以分为三类：

1、由“that”引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）。E.g. He says (that) he is at home. I am sure (that) he will succeed.

2、由“疑问词”（what,where,who,whom,how 等）引导的宾语从句（这些词在句子中充当一定的句子成分，因此不

能省略，疑问词后要用陈述句语序，还可以改为：疑问词+to do。）

E.g.Do you know what he wants to buy? I wondered what to do next?

Could you please tell me where we will have a meeting?= Could you please tell me where to have a meeting?

3、由“if/whether”引导的宾语从句。（if/whether“是否”之意，一般可以互换。）Eg.I want to know if/whether he lives there. 注：下列情况只能用whether，不能用if。

●与or not 连用时。E.g. I don’t know whether he loves me or not.

●介词后（作介词的宾语时）。E.g.Everything depends on (取决于)whether we have enough time.

●不定式前（放在不定式前，与不定式构成词组） E.g.I can’t decide whether to stay(留下来). 。

●用if 会引起歧义时。E.g.Could you tell me whether(if 如果或是否)you know him?

三、宾语从句的语序：用陈述句语序。E.g.Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?(不能用can I )

四、宾语从句的时态：(主句时态和从句时态要一致)

1、如果主句为一般现在时，从句时态不受限（时态依语境来决定）。

E.g.He says (that) he has seen this film. Please tell me where he is. He says (that) he is seeing the film.

I want to know whether he will give back the book tomorrow.

2、如果主句为一般过去时，从句应使用相应的过去某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成

时等）E.g.He told me (that) he was preparing for the sports meet. Did you know when he would be back(将会回来)?

3、从句所陈述的内容为客观真理，无论主句用何种时态，从句都要用一般现在时（与主句无关）。

E.g.The teacher told us( that )the earth goes around the sun. The teacher said( that )light travels faster than sound.

The teacher said( that )January is the first month of the year.

五、注意情况：(否定转移及状语从句)

1.宾语从句的否定转移：宾语从句表否定意义时，如果主句的主语是第一人称且谓语动词为think, believe, suppose,

expect 等时，否定要转移到主句的谓语动词中。

I don’t believe /think he will come. (对) I believe /think he won’t come.（错）

●当宾语从句的否定转移时，若主句的主语为第一人称（I/we）时，则该句的反意疑问句由从句来决定。

E.g. I don’t think(that) he is a student, is he?我认为他不是学生，对吗？

●若主句的主语不是第一人称（I/we）时，则该句的反意疑问句由主句来决定。

E.g. Y ou believe (that) he will come here soon, don’t you?

2.If 引导的条件状语从句时态采用：主将从现。E.g.If you ask him, he will help you.= He will help you if you ask hi m.

你来试一试

1.The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take

2. Jim said that she ___ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been

3. The students want to know whether they___ dictation (听写) today. A. had B. has C. will have D. are

4. She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may

5. Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled

6.Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that

7.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where

8.I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who

9.She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be

10.I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when

11.Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how

12.He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose

13.They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which