Ruby on Rails快速上手教程

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《RubyonRails教程》学习笔记

《RubyonRails教程》学习笔记

《RubyonRails教程》学习笔记本⽂是我在阅读的时所做的摘录,以及学习时寻找的补充知识。

补充知识主要来⾃于。

Asset Pipeline在最新版 Rails 中,静态⽂件可以放在三个标准⽂件夹中,⽽且各有各的⽤途:app/assets:当前应⽤的资源⽂件;lib/assets:开发团队⾃⼰开发的代码库使⽤的资源⽂件;vendor/assets:第三⽅代码库使⽤的资源⽂件;*= require_tree .会把app/assets/stylesheets⽂件夹中的所有 CSS ⽂件(包含⼦⽂件夹中的⽂件)都引⼊应⽤的 CSS 。

*= require_self会把application.css这个⽂件中的 CSS 也加载进来。

(预处理器引擎)按照扩展名的顺序从右向左处理使⽤ Asset Pipeline,⽣产环境中应⽤所有的样式都会集中到⼀个 CSS ⽂件中(application.css),所有 JavaScript 代码都会集中到⼀个JavaScript ⽂件中(application.js),⽽且还会压缩这些⽂件,删除不必要的空格,减⼩⽂件⼤⼩。

Active Record关于回调...“回调”(callback),在 Active Record 对象⽣命周期的特定时刻调⽤。

现在,我们要使⽤的回调是before_save,在⽤户存⼊数据库之前把电⼦邮件地址转换成全⼩写字母形式。

补充其他的回调有:save、valid、before_validation、validate、after_validation、before_save、before_create、create、after_create、after_save、after_commit关于索引add_index :users, :email, unique: true上述代码调⽤了 Rails 中的add_index⽅法,为users表中的email列建⽴索引。

学会使用Ruby on Rails进行Web开发

学会使用Ruby on Rails进行Web开发

学会使用Ruby on Rails进行Web开发Web开发是当今技术领域的热门话题之一。

在互联网的时代,几乎每个人都希望能够掌握一些Web开发的基础知识。

而Ruby on Rails (简称Rails)作为一种流行的开发框架,成为了众多开发者学习的首选。

本文将介绍Rails的一些基本特性和使用技巧,帮助初学者快速入门Web开发。

1. 起步获取Rails最简单的方式是通过Ruby的包管理器gem安装,只需要在终端输入一行命令即可:```gem install rails```安装完成后,使用以下命令创建一个新的Rails项目:```rails new myapp```这会在当前目录下创建一个名为`myapp`的Rails应用。

2. MVC架构Rails遵循MVC (Model-View-Controller)架构模式,将应用分为三个主要组件:模型、视图和控制器。

这种架构模式使得代码的组织和维护更加清晰和高效。

- 模型(Model):主要负责处理数据逻辑和数据库操作。

在Rails中,可以使用Active Record来建立模型和数据库表之间的映射关系。

- 视图(View):负责展示数据给用户。

Rails使用ERB(Embedded Ruby)作为默认的模板语言,可以方便地将Ruby代码嵌入到HTML中。

- 控制器(Controller):接收用户的请求并处理相应的逻辑。

Rails的控制器和路由系统能够将请求映射到相应的控制器动作上。

3. 数据库操作Rails提供了丰富的数据库操作方式,可以轻松地进行数据的增删改查。

在Rails中,可以使用Active Record提供的方法来操作数据库。

例如,要获取所有用户的数据,只需要在控制器中调用以下方法:```ruby@users = User.all```然后在视图中通过循环来展示这些数据:```erb<% @users.each do |user| %><p><%= %></p><% end %>```此外,Rails还提供了便捷的方式来处理数据的验证、关联和查询等操作,让开发者能够更加高效地操作数据库。

安装Ruby和安装Rails详细步骤详解

安装Ruby和安装Rails详细步骤详解

安装Ruby和安装Rails详细步骤详解rbenv安装Rubyrbenv可以管理多个版本的ruby。

可以分为3种范围(或者说不同⽣效作⽤域)的版本:local版:本地,针对各项⽬范围(只在某个⽬录下有效)global版:全局,没有shell和local版时使⽤global版shell版:当前终端,只针对当前所在终端查找优先级为shell>local>global。

安装rbenv和Ruby1.安装rbenvgit clone https:///rbenv/rbenv.git ~/.rbenvecho 'export PATH="$HOME/.rbenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bashrcecho 'eval "$(rbenv init -)"' >> ~/.bashrcexec $SHELL2.安装ruby-build⼯作,可⾃动编译安装ruby。

它可以作为rbenv的插件,也可以作为独⽴程序,建议采⽤插件的⽅式。

(如果已经有了,就跳过这⼀步,只要确保有rbenv命令就可以)# 作为rbenv插件mkdir -p "$(rbenv root)"/pluginsgit clone https:///rbenv/ruby-build.git "$(rbenv root)"/plugins/ruby-build# 作为独⽴程序git clone https:///rbenv/ruby-build.git ~/ruby-buildPREFIX=/usr/local ./ruby-build/install.sh3.选择ruby版本,安装rubyrbenv install --listrbenv install 2.6.2默认情况下,安装是很慢的,因为要从官⽅下载源码包进⾏编译,下载的过程⾮常慢。

Ruby on Rails 2.1 教程 - 一份为初学者设计的数据库驱动 Web 应用开发框架教程

Ruby on Rails 2.1 教程 - 一份为初学者设计的数据库驱动 Web 应用开发框架教程

About the T utorialRuby on Rails is an extremely productive web application framework written in Ruby by David Heinemeier Hansson. This tutorial gives you a complete understanding on Ruby on Rails 2.1.AudienceThis tutorial has been designed for beginners who would like to use the Ruby framework for developing database-backed web applications.PrerequisitesBefore you start Ruby on Rails, please make sure you have a basic understanding on the following subjects:∙Ruby syntax and language constructs such as blocks.∙Relational databases and SQL.∙HTML documents and CSS.Copyright & Disclaimer© Copyright 2015 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our websiteorinthistutorial,******************************************iT able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial ......................................................................................................................................Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Copyright & Disclaimer (i)Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... i i 1.INTRODUCTION (1)What is Ruby? (1)Why Ruby? (1)Sample Ruby Code (2)Embedded Ruby (2)What is Rails? (3)Full Stack Framework (4)Convention over Configuration (4)Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY) (4)Rails Strengths (4)What is Rails 2.1.0? (5)2.INSTALLATION (6)Rails Installation on Windows (6)Rails Installation on Mac OS X (7)Rails Installation on Linux (7)Keeping Rails Up-to-Date (8)Installation Verification (8)How to Upgrade? (9)ii3.FRAMEWORK (10)Ruby on Rails MVC Framework (10)Representation of MVC Framework (11)Directory Representation of MVC Framework (12)4.DIR STRUCTURE (13)5.EXAMPLES (16)Workflow for Creating Rails Applications (16)Creating an Empty Rails Application (16)Starting Web Server (17)6.DATABASE SETUP (19)Configuring database.yml (19)7.ACTIVE RECORDS (21)Translating a Domain Model into SQL (21)Creating Active Record Files (21)Creating Associations between Models (22)Implementing Validations (23)8.MIGRATIONS (24)What can Rails Migration Do? (24)Create the Migrations (25)Edit the Code to Tell it What to Do (25)Run the Migration (27)Running Migrations for Production and Test Databases (27)9.CONTROLLERS (28)iiiImplementing the list Method (29)Implementing the show Method (29)Implementing the new Method (30)Implementing the create Method (30)Implementing the edit Method (31)Implementing the update Method (31)Implementing the delete Method (31)Additional Methods to Display Subjects (32)10.VIEWS (34)Creating View File for list Method (34)Creating View File for new Method (35)Creating View File for show Method (38)Creating View File for edit Method (38)Creating View File for delete Method (40)Creating View File for show_subjects Method (41)YOUTS (43)Adding Style Sheet (44)12.SCAFFOLDING (47)Scaffolding Example (47)Creating an Empty Rails Web Application (47)Setting Up the Database (47)Database Table Definition (48)The Generated Scaffold Code (49)The Controller (50)ivThe Views (53)The Migrations (53)Ready to Test (54)Enhancing the Model (56)How Scaffolding is Different? (57)13.AJAX ON RAILS (58)How Rails Implements Ajax (58)AJAX Example (59)Creating Controller (59)Creating Views (60)Adding Ajax Support (62)Creating Partial for create Method (63)14.FILE UPLOADING (65)Creating the Model (65)Creating Controller (66)Creating View (67)Files Uploaded from Internet Explorer (68)Deleting an Existing File (69)15.SENDING EMAILS (70)Setting Up the Database (70)ActionMailer – Configuration (71)Generate a Mailer (72)Creating the Controller (73)Defining Views (74)vRest for Testing (74)Sending HTML Emails using Rails (75)16.RMAGICK (77)Converting Image Formats (78)17.HTTP BASIC AUTHENTICATION (80)18.EXCEPTION HANDLING (83)Where to Log Errors? (83)19.ROUTES SYSTEM (85)Route Priority (86)Modifying the Default Route (86)The Ante-Default Route (86)The Empty Route (87)Named Routes (87)Pretty URLs (88)20.UNIT TESTING (89)Introduction (89)Rails Testing (89)Database Setup (89)Configuring database.yml: (90)Generate Migration (91)Testing Models (92)Testing the Controllers (94)Using Rake for Testing (98)vi21.QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE (99)Ruby on Rails – Rake Utility (99)Ruby on Rails – The Scripts (101)Ruby on Rails – The Plugins (102)Ruby on Rails – The Generators (102)Ruby on Rails – Model Relations (103)Association Join Models (105)Ruby on Rails – Controller Methods (106)Ruby on Rails – Layouts (107)Adding a Stylesheet (108)Ruby on Rails – Render (110)Ruby on Rails – HTML Forms (112)Checkbox Button (115)Ruby on Rails – RXML (116)Ruby on Rails – RHTML (118)Ruby on Rails – HTML Links (118)Ruby on Rails – Session and Cookies (119)Ruby on Rails – User Input Validations (120)Ruby on Rails – Maths Functions (123)Ruby on Rails – Finders (123)Ruby on Rails – Nested with-scope (125)Ruby on Rails – Callback Functions (126)viiRuby on Rails 2.1 1What is Ruby?Before we ride on Rails, let us recapitulate a few points of Ruby, which is the base of Rails.Ruby is the successful combination of:∙Smalltalk's conceptual elegance, ∙Python's ease of use and learning, and ∙ Perl's pragmatism.Ruby is∙A high-level programming language. ∙Interpreted like Perl, Python, Tcl/TK. ∙ Object-oriented like Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, Java.Why Ruby?Ruby originated in Japan and now it is gaining popularity in US and Europe as well. The following factors contribute towards its popularity:∙Easy to learn ∙Open source (very liberal license) ∙Rich libraries ∙Very easy to extend ∙Truly object-oriented ∙Less coding with fewer bugs ∙ Helpful communityAlthough we have many reasons to use Ruby, there are a few drawbacks as well that you may have to consider before implementing Ruby:∙ Performance Issues - Although it rivals Perl and Python, it is still an interpreted language and we cannot compare it with high-level programming languages likeC or C++.∙Threading model – Ruby does not use native threads. Ruby threads are simulated in the VM rather than running as native OS threads. 1. Ruby on Rails 2.1 – IntroductionRuby on Rails 2.1Sample Ruby CodeHere is a sample Ruby code to print "Hello Ruby".#!/usr/bin/ruby -w# The Hello Classclass Hello# Define constructor for the classdef initialize( name )@name = name.capitalizeend# Define a ruby methoddef saluteputs "Hello #{@name}!"endend# Create a new object for Hello classobj = Hello.new("Ruby")# Call ruby methodobj.saluteThis will produce the following result:Hello RubyFor a complete understanding on Ruby, please go through our Ruby TutorialEmbedded RubyRuby provides a program called ERb (Embedded Ruby), written by Seki Masatoshi. ERb allows you to put Ruby code inside an HTML file. ERb reads along, word for word, and then at a certain point, when it encounters a Ruby code, it starts executing the Ruby code.You need to know only two things to prepare an ERb document:If you want some Ruby code executed, enclose it between<%and%>.2∙If you want the result of the code execution to be printed out, as a part of the output, enclose the code between<%=and%>.Here's an example. Save the code in erbdemo.erb file. Note that a Ruby file will have an extension.rb,while an Embeded Ruby file will have an extension .erb.<% page_title = "Demonstration of ERb" %><% salutation = "Dear programmer," %><html><head><title><%= page_title %></title></head><body><p><%= salutation %></p><p>This is an example of how ERb fills out a template.</p></body></html>Now, run the program using the command-line utility erb.c:\ruby\>erb erbdemo.erbThis will produce the following result:<html><head><title>Demonstration of ERb</title></head><body><p>Dear programmer,</p><p>This is an example of how ERb fills out a template.</p></body></html>What is Rails?∙An extremely productive web-application framework.∙You could develop a web application at least ten times faster with Rails, than you could with a typical Java framework.3∙An open source Ruby framework for developing database-backed web applications.∙Your code and database schema are the configuration!∙No compilation phase required.Full Stack Framework∙Includes everything needed to create a database-driven web application using the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern.∙Being a full-stack framework means all the layers are built to work seamlessly with less code.∙Requires fewer lines of code than other frameworks.Convention over Configuration∙Rails shuns configuration files in favor of conventions, reflection, and dynamic run-time extensions.∙Your application code and your running database already contain everything that Rails needs to know!Don't Repeat Y ourself (DRY)DRY is a slogan you will hear frequently associated with Ruby on Rails, which means you need to code the behavior only once and you never have to write similar code in two different places. This is important because you are less likely to make mistakes by modifying your code at one place only.Rails StrengthsRails is packed with features that make you more productive, with many of the following features building on one other.Metaprogramming:Other frameworks use extensive code generation from scratch. Metaprogramming techniques use programs to write programs. Ruby is one of the best languages for metaprogramming, and Rails uses this capability well. Rails also uses code generation but relies much more on metaprogramming for the heavy lifting. Active Record:Rails introduces the Active Record framework, which saves objects to the database. The Rails version of the Active Record discovers the columns in a database schema and automatically attaches them to your domain objects using metaprogramming.Convention over configuration:Most web development frameworks for .NET or Java force you to write pages of configuration code. If you follow the suggested naming conventions, Rails doesn't need much configuration.4Scaffolding:You often create temporary code in the early stages of development to help get an application up quickly and see how major components work together. Rails automatically creates much of the scaffolding you'll need.Ajax at the core:Ajax is the technology that has become a standard to provide interactivity to websites without becoming intrusive. Ruby on Rails has a great support for Ajax technology and it is a part of the core libraries. So, when you install RoR, Ajax support is also made available to you.Built-in testing:Rails creates simple automated tests you can then extend. Rails also provides supporting code called harnesses and fixtures that make test cases easier to write and run. Ruby can then execute all your automated tests with the rake utility. Three environments:Rails gives you three default environments: development, testing, and production. Each behaves slightly differently, making your entire software development cycle easier. For example, Rails creates a fresh copy of the Test database for each test run.What is Rails 2.1.0?This is the latest version of Ruby on Rails, which has been released by the Rails core team on Saturday May 31, 2008.This version is a further improvement on RoR 2.0, which was again really a fantastic release, absolutely stuffed with great new features, loads of fixes, and an incredible amount of polish over its previous versions RoR 1.2.x.This tutorial takes you through all the important features available in the latest RoR version 2.1.0.After this tutorial, you should be able to build your website using one of the best Web 2.0 technologies called Ruby on Rails v2.1.0.5Ruby on Rails 2.1 6To develop a web application using Ruby on Rails Framework, you would need to install the following software:∙Ruby ∙The Rails framework ∙A Web Server ∙ A Database SystemWe assume that you already have installed a Web Server and Database System on your computer. You can always use the WEBrick Web Server, which comes with standard installation of Ruby. Most sites, however, use Apache or lightTPD in production. Rails works with many database systems, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Oracle, DB2 and SQL Server. Please refer to a corresponding Database System Setup manual to setup your database.Let's look at the installation instructions for Rails' Framework on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.Rails Installation on WindowsFirst, let's check to see if you already have Ruby installed. Bring up a command prompt and type C:\> ruby -v . If Ruby responds, and if it shows a version number at or above1.8.6, then type C:\> gem --version . If you don't get an error, skip to step 3. Otherwise, we'll do a fresh installation for Ruby.1. If Ruby is not installed, then download an installation package from . Follow the download link, and run the resulting installer. This is an exe like ruby186-25.exe and will be installed in a single click. You may as well install everything. It's a very small package, and you'll get RubyGems as well along with this package.2. With RubyGems loaded, you can install all of Rails and its dependencies through the command line:C:\> gem install rails --include-dependenciesThe above command may take some time to install all dependencies. Make sure you are connected to the internet while installing gems dependencies. Congratulations! You are now on Rails over Windows.NOTE: In case you face any problem with the above installation, there are chances that you may not have the latest versions of Ruby or other Gems. So just issue the following command and you will have everything updated automatically.2. Ruby on Rails 2.1 – InstallationC:\> gem updateThen try the above command with updated gems.Rails Installation on Mac OS X1.First, let's check to see if you already have Ruby installed. Bring up a commandprompt and type$ ruby -v. If Ruby responds, and if it shows a version number at or above 1.8.6 then skip to step 3. Otherwise, we'll do a fresh installation for Ruby. To install a fresh copy of Ruby, the Unix instructions that follow should help.2.Next, you have to install RubyGems. Go to and follow thedownload link. OS X will typically unpack the archive file for you, so all you have to do is navigate to the downloaded directory and (in the Terminal application) type the following:tp> tar xzf rubygems-0.8.10.tar.gztp> cd rubygems-0.8.10rubygems-0.8.10> sudo ruby setup.rb3. Now, use RubyGems to install Rails. Issue the following command.tp> sudo gem install rails --include-dependenciesThe above command may take some time to install all dependencies. Make sure you are connected to the internet while installing gems dependencies.Congratulations! You are now on Rails over Mac OS X.NOTE:In case you face any problem with above installation, there are chances that you may not have the latest versions of Ruby or other Gems. So just issue the following command and you will have everything updated automatically.tp> sudo gem updateThen try the above command with updated gems.Rails Installation on Linux1.First, let's check to see if you already have Ruby installed. Bring up a commandprompt and type$ ruby -v. If Ruby responds, and if it shows a version number at or above 1.8.6, then skip to step 5. Otherwise, we'll do a fresh installation for Ruby.2.Download ruby-x.y.z.tar.gz from .3.Untar the distribution, and enter the top-level directory.4.Do the usual open-source build as follows:7tp> tar -xzf ruby-x.y.z.tar.gztp> cd ruby-x.y.zruby-x.y.z> ./configureruby-x.y.z> makeruby-x.y.z> make testruby-x.y.z> make install5.Install RubyGems. Go to , and follow the download link.Once you have the file locally, enter the following at your command prompt:tp> tar -xzf rubygems-x.y.z.tar.gztp> cd rubygems-x.y.zrubygems-x.y.z> ruby setup.rb6. Now use RubyGems to install Rails. Still in the shell, issue the following command.tp> gem install rails --include-dependenciesThe above command may take some time to install all dependencies. Make sure you are connected to the internet while installing gems dependencies.Congratulations! You are now on Rails over Linux.NOTE:In case you face any problem with above installation, there are chances that you may not have the latest versions of Ruby or other Gems. So, just issue the following command and you will have everything updated automatically.tp> sudo gem updateThen try the above command with updated gems.Keeping Rails Up-to-DateAssuming you have installed Rails using RubyGems, keeping it up-to-date is relatively easy. Issue the following command:tp> gem update railsThis will automatically update your Rails installation. The next time you restart your application, it will pick up this latest version of Rails. While giving this command, make sure you are connected to the internet.Installation V erificationYou can verify if everything is setup according to your requirements or not. Use the following command to create a demo project in Rails environment.8tp> rails demoThis will create a demo rails' project using SQLite database. Note that Rails uses SQLite as its default database.We can create an application that will use MySQL database. Assuming you have MySQL database setup on your machine, issue the following command to create an application that will use MySQL database:tp> rails -d mysql demoWe will discuss the database setup part in subsequent chapters. Currently we have to check if our environment is setup properly or not. Use the following commands to run WEBrick web server on your machine:tp> cd demodemo> ruby script/server=> Rails application started on http://0.0.0.0:3000=> Ctrl-C to shutdown server; call with --help for options[2007-02-26 09:16:43] INFO WEBrick 1.3.1[2007-02-26 09:16:43] INFO ruby 1.8.2 (2004-08-24)...[2007-02-26 09:16:43] INFO WEBrick::HTTPServer-start:pid=2836.......Now open your browser and type the following address text box.http://localhost:3000You should receive a message like "Welcome aboard" or "Congratulations".How to Upgrade?If you are already running an old version of Rails, then here is the procedure to upgrade it to the latest version 2.1:1.If you want to move your application to Rails2.0, you should first move it to Rails1.2.6.2.If your application runs fine on 1.2.6 with no deprecation warnings, there's agood chance that it'll run straight up on 2.0.3.To complete the upgrade, you would have to upgrade your extractions. If you areusing pagination, you will need to install the classic_pagination plugin. If you are using Oracle, you will need to install the activerecord-oracle-adapter gem.9End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://10。

使用RubyonRails快速开发网站的流程和优势

使用RubyonRails快速开发网站的流程和优势

使用RubyonRails快速开发网站的流程和优势使用Ruby on Rails快速开发网站的流程和优势在当今互联网飞速发展的时代,构建高效、可靠的网站对于企业和个人来说至关重要。

为了满足这一需求,开发人员需要选择一种快速、高效的开发框架。

Ruby on Rails(简称Rails)就是一个非常流行的选择,它具有简单易学、高效快速开发和稳定可靠等优势。

本文将从流程和优势两个方面来介绍使用Ruby on Rails快速开发网站的相关内容。

一、流程1.需求分析与规划在使用Ruby on Rails开发网站之前,首先需要进行需求分析和规划。

开发人员需要与客户深入沟通,了解其具体需求和期望。

同时,还需要进行市场调研,了解竞争对手和行业趋势。

通过这一阶段的工作,能够明确网站的功能需求和用户体验要求。

2.数据库设计在明确了需求后,需要进行数据库设计。

Rails提供了强大的ORM (对象关系映射)功能,使得数据库的设计和操作变得简单和高效。

通过定义模型和关联关系,能够轻松地创建和管理数据库表。

3.编写代码在数据库设计完成之后,就可以开始编写代码了。

Rails采用了MVC(模型-视图-控制器)的架构模式,使得代码的组织和维护变得更加清晰。

开发人员可以通过定义模型、视图和控制器来实现不同的功能模块。

4.测试与调试在编写代码的过程中,测试和调试是不可或缺的环节。

Rails提供了丰富的测试工具和框架,可以进行单元测试、集成测试和功能测试等。

通过充分的测试和调试,能够确保网站的稳定性和正确性。

5.部署上线当开发工作完成后,需要将网站部署上线。

Rails提供了方便的部署工具和文档,可以使得部署过程更加简单和快速。

通过选择合适的云服务提供商,可以轻松地实现网站的扩展和管理。

二、优势1.开发速度快相比其他的开发框架,Rails具有更高的开发效率。

Rails提供了丰富的代码生成器和约定大于配置的原则,能够自动生成大量的代码和文件结构。

学习使用Ruby构建Web应用

学习使用Ruby构建Web应用

学习使用Ruby构建Web应用在当今互联网时代,Web应用正成为企业、个人以及各行各业的必备工具。

而Ruby作为一种简洁、灵活且易于学习的编程语言,一直都备受开发者的喜爱。

本文将介绍学习使用Ruby构建Web应用的基本过程和步骤。

第一步,安装Ruby和Rails首先,我们需要在本地环境中安装Ruby以及Ruby on Rails。

Ruby可以从官方网站上下载并安装,而Rails则可以通过Ruby的包管理器进行安装。

安装完成后,我们就可以开始构建我们的Web应用了。

第二步,创建一个新的Rails应用通过运行命令行指令`rails new app_name`,我们可以创建一个新的Rails应用。

在创建应用的过程中,Rails会自动为我们生成一些开箱即用的文件和目录结构,这些文件和目录将帮助我们更高效地构建应用。

第三步,设置数据库绝大多数的Web应用都需要与数据库进行交互,因此我们需要配置数据库。

Rails提供了一个便捷的工具可以帮助我们完成数据库的设置。

通过在命令行中运行`rails db:create`,我们可以创建一个数据库。

接下来,运行`rails generate migration`命令来生成数据库迁移文件,通过迁移文件我们可以创建、修改和删除数据库的表结构。

第四步,设计应用的模型在Rails中,我们通过定义模型类来表示应用中的数据结构和业务逻辑,模型类将对应于数据库中的表。

我们可以通过运行`rails generate model`命令来生成模型类,然后在模型类中定义字段、验证规则和关联关系。

第五步,编写控制器控制器是Web应用与用户交互的接口。

我们可以通过运行`rails generate controller`命令来生成控制器。

在控制器中,我们可以定义各种动作(action)来处理用户的请求,并在动作中完成逻辑处理。

第六步,设计视图视图用于展示用户界面,并与控制器中的动作进行交互。

Rails使用一种模板语言(ERB)来帮助我们编写视图。

Ruby on Rails开发实战指南

Ruby on Rails开发实战指南

Ruby on Rails开发实战指南Ruby on Rails(简称Rails)是一个开源的Web应用程序框架,使用Ruby编程语言。

它提供了一系列开发工具和最佳实践,帮助开发者高效构建和部署Web应用程序。

本文将介绍Rails开发的实战指南,包括以下几个方面:1. 开发环境搭建:- 安装Ruby编程环境:首先,需要在计算机上安装Ruby编程语言的环境。

可以从Ruby官方网站下载并按照指示安装。

- 安装Rails框架:在安装完Ruby环境后,使用命令行工具运行相应的命令安装Rails框架。

可以使用gem命令安装最新版本的Rails。

- 配置开发工具:选择一个适合自己的文本编辑器或集成开发环境(IDE),例如Sublime Text、Visual Studio Code或RubyMine,以提高开发效率。

2. 创建和管理Rails应用:- 创建新的Rails应用:使用命令行工具,在指定路径下运行"rails newapp_name"命令创建一个新的Rails应用。

其中,app_name为你想要命名的应用的名字。

- 进入应用目录:创建完应用后,使用"cd app_name"命令进入应用的根目录,以便后续的开发工作。

- 管理数据库:Rails提供了强大的数据库管理工具,如迁移(migration)和模型(model)。

使用迁移工具创建和修改数据库表结构,使用模型操作数据,如增删改查等。

3. 开发和设计网页:- 创建页面:使用Rails的视图(view)和布局(layout)功能,可以创建漂亮的网页。

视图负责页面内容的展示,而布局提供了整个网站的基本结构和样式。

- 利用CSS和JavaScript:通过集成Bootstrap或其他CSS框架,可以轻松地为网页添加样式和交互性。

Rails还提供了UJS(Unobtrusive JavaScript)功能,使得处理JavaScript变得更加高效和优雅。

快速上手使用Ruby进行Web开发

快速上手使用Ruby进行Web开发

快速上手使用Ruby进行Web开发第一章:引言Ruby是一种简单、灵活且高效的编程语言,尤其适用于Web开发。

本文将介绍如何快速上手使用Ruby进行Web开发。

我们将分为以下几个章节逐步展开。

第二章:环境设置为了开始使用Ruby进行Web开发,我们首先需要设置开发环境。

请按照以下步骤进行操作:1. 下载和安装Ruby解释器:在Ruby官方网站上下载最新版本的Ruby解释器,并按照安装指南进行安装。

2. 安装RubyGems:RubyGems是Ruby的软件包管理器,它可以帮助我们方便地安装和管理Ruby库。

在命令行中运行`gem install rubygems`进行安装。

3. 安装Bundler:Bundler是一个用于管理项目依赖关系的工具。

在命令行中运行`gem install bundler`进行安装。

第三章:Web框架Ruby有许多流行的Web框架可供选择,比如Ruby on Rails和Sinatra。

这些框架可以帮助我们快速构建Web应用程序。

在本章中,我们将选择其中一个框架来进行介绍。

我们将以Ruby on Rails为例。

Rails是一个基于MVC(Model-View-Controller)架构的高效Web开发框架。

以下是使用Rails进行Web开发的基本步骤:1. 创建一个新的Rails应用程序:在命令行中运行`rails new myapp`,其中`myapp`是你的应用程序名称。

2. 定义数据模型:使用Rails的生成器命令来创建数据库表格和模型类。

例如,运行`rails generate model User name:string email:string`将创建一个用户模型。

3. 设计和实现控制器:使用控制器来处理请求并决定如何响应。

运行`rails generate controller Welcome index`将创建一个欢迎页面的控制器。

4. 创建视图:视图是用户界面的一部分,它用于展示数据和接受用户输入。

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Ruby on Rails快速上手教程Ruby on Rails(简称Rails)是一种开发Web应用程序的开源Web 应用框架,使用Ruby语言编写。

Rails具有简洁优雅的语法和强大的功能,被广泛应用于大型企业和创业公司的Web开发中。

本教程将帮助您快速上手Rails框架,为您提供基础知识和实践经验。

一、安装Ruby和Rails
要开始学习Rails,首先需要在您的计算机上安装Ruby和Rails。

Ruby官网提供了各个平台的安装程序,您可以选择适合您操作系统的版本下载并安装。

安装完成后,您可以通过在命令行中输入以下命令检查Ruby是否成功安装:
```shell
ruby -v
```
接下来,您需要使用RubyGems安装Rails。

RubyGems是Ruby的软件包管理器,可以帮助您轻松安装和管理Rails及其扩展。

```shell
gem install rails
```
安装完成后,您可以使用以下命令检查Rails是否成功安装:
```shell
rails -v
```
二、创建一个新的Rails应用程序
在安装完成并确认Rails成功安装后,您可以创建一个新的Rails应
用程序。

```shell
rails new MyApp
```
这将创建一个名为"MyApp"的新应用程序,并在当前目录中生成相
关文件和目录。

三、使用Rails生成器
Rails提供了一种方便的方式来生成常见的代码结构,称为生成器。

通过使用生成器,您可以快速创建控制器、模型、视图等各个组件。

例如,要生成一个名为"Article"的模型以及相应的数据库迁移文件,可以使用以下命令:
```shell
rails generate model Article title:string content:text
```
这将在"db/migrate"目录下创建一个数据库迁移文件,并在
"app/models"目录下创建一个新的模型文件。

四、运行数据库迁移
在生成模型或其他数据库相关的组件之后,您需要运行数据库迁移以确保数据库与应用程序的数据模型保持同步。

```shell
rails db:migrate
```
这将在数据库中创建相应的表格或字段。

五、创建控制器和视图
Rails遵循MVC(模型-视图-控制器)的设计模式,控制器负责处理用户请求并相应地渲染视图。

要创建一个名为"Articles"的控制器及其相关视图,可以使用以下命令:
```shell
rails generate controller Articles
```
这将在"app/controllers"目录下创建一个名为"articles_controller.rb"的文件,并在"app/views/articles"目录下创建相应的视图文件。

六、配置路由
在Rails中,路由决定了如何将用户请求映射到相应的控制器和动作。

您可以通过编辑"config/routes.rb"文件来配置路由。

例如,要将
"/articles"路径映射到"ArticlesController"的"index"动作,可以将以下代
码添加到路由文件中:
```ruby
get '/articles', to: 'articles#index'
```
七、启动Rails服务器
在完成上述步骤后,您可以启动Rails服务器以查看您的应用程序。

```shell
rails server
```
默认情况下,Rails服务器将运行在"http://localhost:3000"上。

通过
在浏览器中输入该URL,您将能够访问您的应用程序。

结语
通过本教程,您已经了解了如何快速上手Ruby on Rails框架。

从安
装到创建应用程序,再到生成代码和配置路由,您已经初步掌握了
Rails的基本知识和常用功能。

继续深入学习和实践,您将能够开发出
更加复杂和强大的Web应用程序。

祝您在Rails的学习和开发之路上取得成功!。

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