《电力工程基础》模拟试卷七及参考答案

《电力工程基础》模拟试卷七及参考答案
《电力工程基础》模拟试卷七及参考答案

~《电力工程基础》试卷七及参考答案

一、选择题(每小题2分,共20分)

1、目前我国电力工业的主力是(B )

A、核电和水电

B、火电和水电

C、风力发电和潮汐发电

D、核电和火电。

2、选择下列电气设备时,不需要校验动稳定的是(B)

A、断路器

B、电压互感器

C、隔离开关

D、电流互感器

3、屋外配电装置中的最小安全净距C值是由(A )决定的。

A、A值

B、B值

C、D值

D、E值

4、选择电流互感器的特殊条件是(D)

A、短路动稳定校验

B、短路热稳定校验

C、选择性校验

D、.准确度校验

5、电力系统中负荷的变化将引起频率的变化,当负荷变化幅度小、周期短引起的频率偏移将由(B )进行调整。

A、发电机组的调频器

B、发电机组的调速器

C、发电机励磁电流

D、系统无功补偿装置

6、下列哪个图为升压型三绕组变压器的三个绕组在铁心上排列方式(A )

7、供电系统短路故障中,发生概率最大的短路类型为(A)

A、三相短路

B、两相短路

C、两相接地短路

D、单相短路

8、小电流接地系统所用的电气设备相对地绝缘水平应按(B)考虑。

A、相电压

B、线电压

C、过电压 D 、零序电压

9、保护接地的作用有(B)

A、保证照明用电的可靠性

B、保证人身安全

C、保证设备绝缘安全

10、导致人体触电死亡的重要的直接因素有(B)

A、人体的电阻和电源的频率

B、电流的大小和通流的时间

C、通流的途径和电压的高低

D、接触电压的高低和人体电阻

二、填空题(共15分)

1、对继电保护的基本要求是选择性、速动性、灵敏性、可靠性。(4分)

2、电力系统电压的监控和调整实际上是通过监视和调整中枢点的电压来实现,中枢点电压控制方式有:顺调压、常调压、逆调压。(3分)

3、某企业由一台10/0.4kV变压器供电,变压器高压侧有三个分接头分别为:0%、+5%、-5%,当接于0%分接头时,该变压器的低压侧电压为360V,该变压器分接头应接在-5% 时才能保证低压侧的电压质量。(2分)

4、无时限的电流速断保护的动作电流是按线路末端三相短路电流来整定,其保护范围本线段的一部分过电流保护保护的动作电流是按负荷电流整定,其保护范围本线段全部并延伸至下一线段全部。(4分)

5、电力系统中继电保护有主保护和后备保护之分,当后备保护不是由本线路上的保护实现,称为远后备保护,当后备保护是由本线路的另一套保护实现,称为近后备保护。(2分)

三、简答题(每小题5分,共25分)

1、变压器常见的故障及不正常工作状态有那些?

答:变压器常见的故障有:

内部故障:绕组的相间短路和匝间短路、直接接地系统侧绕组的接地短路;

外部故障:油箱外部绝缘套管、引出线上发生相间短路或直接接地短路;

变压器常见的不正常工作状态有:

过负荷、外部短路引起的过电流、油箱漏油引起的油位下降、中性点过电压、油温升高、冷却系统故障等。

2、电力系统电源中性点接地方式有哪些?优缺点及我国目前用在电压等级。

答:

电力系统电源中性点接地方式有:电源中性点直接接地系统、电源中性点不接地系统、电源中性点不直接接地系统。其中电源中性点直接接地系统称为大电流接地系统,后面两种称为小电流接地系统。

大电流接地系统优点主要是设备的绝缘只需按相电压配置,缺点是供电可靠性差些,当发生单相短路时得中断供电。小电流接地系统的优点在于供电可靠性较高,当发生单相接地时不需要马上中断供电,缺点是设备的绝缘得按线电压配置。

目前我国在3-35kV电压等级用小电流接地系统;380V 、110kV及以上采用大电流接地系统。

3、电力系统中进行无功补偿的意义,无功补偿的措施主要有哪些?

答:电力系统中进行无功补偿的意义:

减少系统元件的容量,提高电网的输送能力;

降低电网络的功率损耗和电能损耗;

改善电网电压质量。

无功补偿的措施主要有:

用同步发电机进行补偿;利用调相机进行补偿;利用电容器组进行补偿;利用静止补偿装置进行无功补偿。

4、电力系统中电压调整的的主要措施有哪些?

答:电力系统中电压调整的的主要措施有;

通过调节发电机励磁电流调压;

改变变压器高中压侧分接头从而改变变压器变比进行调压;

通过无功补偿减少电压损失来调压;

通过改变线路参数减少电压损失进行调压。

5、叙述用标幺值计算无穷大功率电源供电的短路电流的步骤。

答:(1)取功率基准值,并取各级电压基准值等于该级的平均额定电压;

(2)计算各元件的电抗标么值,并绘制出等值电路;

(3)网络化简,求出从电源至短路点之间的总电抗标么值;

(4)计算出短路电流周期分量有效值(也就是稳态短路电流),再还原成有名值;

(5)计算出短路冲击电流和短路最大有效值电流;

(6)按要求计算出其他量。

四、作图题分析题(共20分)

1、110kV变电站,有两台主变,其中110kV有4回出线,采用双母线接线,请用规定的图形符号、文字符号画出110kV电压等级接线图。(6分)

答:110kV电压等级接线图如下所示。

2、画出下面电路的等值电路图。(6分)

答:等值电路图如下图:

3、避雷针的保护原理?用图表示单根避雷针的保护范围。(8分)

答:避雷针的保护原理:通过避雷针顶端的接闪器将雷电引向自身,再通过引下线和接地体将雷电流快速引入大地,保护其周围份的设备。

单根避雷针的保护范围如下图包络范围内。

五、计算题(20分)

1、某地区需要新建一110kV变电站,电压等级为110/10.5kV,功率因素cosφ=0.9,

拟采用无人值守,10 kV采用屋内成套配电装置,其中某回线路的最大负荷为

3000kW,10 kV母线的最大短路电流为I k=I″=I∞=7.8kA,短路计算时间为2秒,

请选择该回路的断路器。附表为断路器技术参数。(10分)

型号额定电压

(kV)

额定电流(A)

4S热稳定电流

(kA)

极限通过电

流(kA)

额定断流量

(kA)

ZN-10/630 10 630 8.7 22 8.7 ZN-10/1000 10 1000 16 40 16 ZN12-35/1250 35 1250 20 50 20 ZW-12/630 12 630 6.3 16 6.3 SN10-10/630 10 630 16 40 16 SN10-10/1000 10 1000 31.5 80 31.5 SW-35/600 35

600

6.6

17

6.6

答:A U S I N 5.1929.010330003max max =??=

=

, 初步选择断路器型号为ZN-10/630。

A U S I N

5.1929

.010330003max max =??==

)(S A I Q ?=?=?=22k 2

k x k 7.12128.7t

计算数据 ZN-10/630 选择或校验项目 U Ns =10kV U N =10kV 额定电压选择 I max =192.5A I N =630A 额定电流选择 I ″=7.8kA I Nof f=8.7kA 开端电流校验 Q k =121.7(kA 2S )

I t 2t=8.7×4(kA 2S )

热稳定校验

i sh =19.89kA i es =22kA 动稳定校验

根据上表选择与校验,可知选择的断路器型号ZN-10/630满足要求。

2、如下图所示系统,变压器为31.5MV A ,变比为110/38.5kV ,Z T = R T +jX T =5.6 +j71.5Ω(已归算至高压侧),变压器励磁功率为kVA 600j 60+=?TY S ,低压侧负荷

M VA 25.11j 15+=f S ,现要求低压侧电压为36kV ,求变压器高压侧电压及输送的功率。

(10分)

解:

等值电路如下图:

先将低压侧电压归算至高压侧:

)(kV 86.1025.38/11036=?=f U

变压器串联阻抗的功率损耗为 )

+(+T T f

f

f TZ

X R U Q P S j 222=? )(376.2j 186.01.57j 6.586.10225.11152

2

2MVA +)=+(+=

进入变压器高压侧的功率为

)+)+(+)+(+(++6.0j 06.0376.2j 186.025.11j 15f 1=??=TY TZ T S S S S

)4.2269(MVA 1j 246.15+= 变压器的电压损耗为 )

(=+=

V U X Q R P U f

T

f T f T k 64.886

.1025

.7125.116.515??+? 变压器高压侧电压 为:

)k (5.11164.886.1022V U U U T f =+=?+=

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第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What will the woman do? A.Find a taxi. B.Call Jack's family. C.Stay with Jack. 2.What does the woman think of the restaurant? A.It ’s the worst one. B.It's the best one. C.It ’s just so-so. 3.What are the speakers talking about? A.Life attitudes. B.Making friend. C.Only children. 4.Where are the speakers? A.At a department store. B.At the airport. C.At a restaurant. 5.How does the woman usually go to work? A.On foot. B.By bus. C.By taxi. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置,听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题。每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6.What is the woman doing? A.Watching TV. B.Playing computer games. C.Reading a book. 7.What is the man's attitude towards the woman's idea? A.He is opposed to it. B.He doesn't care about it. C.He is in favor or of it. 听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。 8.Where does the conversation probably take place? A.At school. B.At home. C.On a bus. 9.Which subject is the man unsure about in the examination?

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