高考英语专题复习-时态语态讲解及练习

表示过去发生的，和现在无联系的动作或状态或习惯动作
be (was, were) did
yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
was/were done
一般将来时：
将来某个时刻（或某段时间内）将来要发生的动作
情感：like, love, hate , prefer,
am/is/are being done
过去进行时：1．表示过去某一时间正进行的动作。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。The teacher came in when they were talking.
was /were + doing
存在：keep ,stay , remain , be, consist of , contain
所有：have ,belong to , possess, own , hold
知觉：sound,look /seem /appear,smell, taste,feel,see, hear
认识: understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe
had been done
现在进行时：
1．表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。
2．表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，但说话时不一定正在进行。
①I don’t really work here. I’m helping until the new secretary comes.
am/is/are doing
2)It has been/is +时间段+since….
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3)短暂性动词的完成时不与时间段连用,如需连用可转化成相应的延续性动词,如die—be dead , leave—be away , come back –be back , fall in love with ---be in love with , marry—be married to , join –be a member of /be in…
表示现在以前这段时间内一直在进行或反复的动作.(可能仍在进行，也可能停了一会儿.)
1）How long has it been raining?2）I’ve been sitting here all day.
have/has been being done
将来完成时表将来某时已发生的动作.
I shall have finished it before lunch.
其否定式表示“不能…没法…”
The machine won’t work.(机器没法开动)
2）Cf:be going to表示说话前已经作出的主观的打算或计划，或用来表达有某种迹象要发生的事
will do表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性
be to do表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。
be about to do “正要干什么…”，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示
将来的时间状语连用。常与when连用，when意为：“就在这时”，是并列连词构成句型：…be about to do …when…
will/shall be done
would/should be done
was/were going to be done
will/shall do
am/is/are going to do
am/is/are to do
am/is/ are about to do
next…, tomorrow,
in+时段，from now on, in the future,
1）一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.
eg. Oil will float on water. Whenever he has time, he will come.
时态语态及一般用法
谓语构成
时间状语
特殊用法
一般现在时：
1)经常性或习惯性的动作
2)现在的特征，状态及能力
3)普遍真理,格言警句
Be (am, is, are) do / does
always,usually,every time,seldom, sometimes often, now
and then, occasionally
3)It is the first time +从句（从句用现在完成时have/has done）；
It was the first time +从句（用过去完成时had done）。
eg. It is the first time that I’ve been here.
It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.
2)下列副词always, continually , constantly, never等常一般现在时连用，但若用于进行时则表示厌恶或赞扬的感情色彩。
You are always forgetting the important things.
3．无进行时态的动词：表“存在、所有、知觉、认为，感情”等状态
1)按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事
2)在时间、条件、方式状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
特殊句型:1)Here/There comes our teacher.(一般现在时表正发生动作)
2)It is/has been+时段+since….
am / is / are done
一般过去时：
have/has done
for+时段, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past(…)years, always, recently
特殊句型:
1)It’s the first time that…(have/has done).
The new building will have been completed by the end of August.
will/shall have done
be going to have done
by +将来时间.
有时也用来表揣测.
They will have arrived by now.
…before, by, until, when, after, onceby the end of +过去时间
1）用于hardly …when ;no sooner…than …（一….就…）等句子中。
Hardly had we arrived when she started complaining.
these days, nowadays,
at present,
a列动词用现在进行时可以表示将来很快要发生的动作，即一般将来时。如：go ,come, leave, begin, arrive ,return, fly, drive，take等。We’re moving to the new building next week.
2）hope ,think expect ,intend ,mean ,suppose ,want ,imagine等，用于过去完成时，表示过去未实现的希望或意图。
I had hoped to take my seat in all this noise without being found.
我本希望乘着这些噪音不被发现地坐到位置上。（但实际上未实现）
He has died. He has been dead 3 years.(He died 3 years ago.)
have/has been done
高考英语二轮时态语态一览表及练习
时态、语态及一般用法：
谓语构成
时间状语
特殊用法：
现在完成进行时：
have/has been doing
all day long, the whole morning, for+时段
现在完成时:1．表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状They have cleaned the classroom.
(They cleaned the classroom and it is clean now.)2．表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。He hasn’t given me any more trouble since then.
3.在口语中过去进行时可表示最近刚刚过去的事情
_--What did you say? --I was asking what you thought of it.
was /were + being +done
at that time, then , this time yesterday last week, at 10 o’clock last night
１．Hope, want, wonder等的过去进行时用来提出请求， 表示委婉的语气，实际表示现在的情况．
I was hoping you could send me some money stamps.( I hope…)
e, go , plan , expect, hope, intend, look forward to等词可用进行时表达本来打算做实际没做成的事
He was expecting to finish the work last month , but the machine went wrong.