Research for Youth SRHR in China(UNFPA)
海归就业力调查报告

本研究旨在全面了解海归的就业 力情况,为相关企业和政策制定
提供参考。
研究目的
通过对海归的就业情况、薪资 水平、职业发展等方面的调查 ,了解海归在就业市场上的优 势和劣势。
分析影响海归就业力的因素, 为企业招聘海归提供策略建议 。
为政策制定者提供数据支持, 推动海归就业政策的优化。
研究范围
本研究主要针对中国 大陆地区出国留学后 回国的海归进行调查 。
薪资情况
海归的平均起薪在所有受访者中最高 ,达到15,000元/月,比国内本科毕业 生高出约30%。然而,不同行业和地 区的薪资差异较大。
海归就业行业分布情况
01
02
03
教育/培训行业
海归首选的教育/培训行业 占比最多,达30%,可能 与该行业对语言和文化背 景的要求较高有关。
金融行业
金融行业紧随其后,占比 25%,这可能是因为海归 具有较好的国际视野和专 业知识。
详细描述
一些海归可能缺乏有效的求职技巧和面试经验,这可能导致他们在求职过程中表现不佳。此外,由于 长期在海外生活和学习,他们的语言能力和文化适应性可能也与国内市场存在一定的差距。
政策及制度不熟悉
总结词
许多海归可能对国内的就业政策和制度不够熟悉,这可能会影响他们的就业竞争力。
详细描述
海归们可能对国内的就业政策、劳动法规、社会保险等方面的知识掌握不够全面,这可能会在求职过程中给他们 带来额外的困扰。同时,对国内人才市场的运行机制和职业发展路径也可能缺乏了解,从而影响他们的职业规划 和发展。
调查时间为2022年 ,共收集了1000份 有效问卷。
调查范围涵盖了不同 行业、不同学历的海 归,以增加研究的广 泛适用性。
02
中国青年志愿者-英文介绍

The Hope Project
This project aims to provide education support to underprivileged children in rural China. Volunteers work in schools to improve teaching methods and provide extracurricular activities.
Over the years, Chinese Youth Volunteers has established a sound organizational system and a relatively complete volunteer招募, training, management, and evaluatioe and significance
02
The Origin and Development of Chinese Youth Volunteers
origin
The roots of the Chinese youth volunteer movement can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the country was going through major social and political changes. During this period, many young people felt a strong sense of responsibility and使命感 to contribute to society and make a positive difference.
Modern Development: In recent years, the Chinese youth volunteer movement has continued to grow and evolve. It has become more professional, organized, and targeted, with an increasing focus on sustainable development and global cooperation.
各类基金的资助英文

基金资助项目的英文表达(ZZ)不完全统计表明,国内期刊多习惯于将基金资助项目的信息作为论文首页的脚注,国外期刊则多将其作为“致谢”的一部分标注。
通常情况下只需列出项目的资助号即可,不必标注具体的项目名称。
如: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60171009), the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. G2000077405) and the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai (Grant No. 02DZ/5002).对于国家自然科学基金资助项目,通常只需要统一标注“National Natural Science Foundation of China”和项目的资助号即可,不必再分别标“注面上项目”(General Program), “重点项目”(Key Program), “重大项目”(Major Program)等进一步信息。
科技部国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划): National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划): National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program)国家985重点建设项目: Key Construction Program of the National “985” Project“九五”攻关项目: National Key Technologies R & D Program of China during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period国家基础研究计划: National Basic Research Priorities Program of China;国家科技攻关计划: National Key Technologies R & D Program of China;国家攀登计划—B课题资助: Supported by National Climb—B Plan国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助: National Important Project on Science-Phase Ⅱof NSRL教育部国家教育部科学基金资助: Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China教育部科学技术研究重点(重大)项目资助: Key (Key grant) Project of Chinese Ministry of Education国家教育部博士点基金资助项目: Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金: Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (缩写: RFDP)国家教育部博士点专项基金资助: Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China中国博士后科学基金: Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助: Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China国家教育部留学回国人员科研启动金: Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (SRF for ROCS, SEM)跨世纪优秀人才计划国家教委《跨世纪优秀人才计划》基金: Trans-Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by the State Education Commission国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助: Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China高等学校骨干教师资助计划: Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education of China中国科学院中国科学院基金资助: Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院重点资助项目: Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院知识创新项目: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;中国科学院“九五”重大项目: Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period;中国科学院百人计划经费资助: One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院院长基金特别资助: Special Foundation of President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院西部之光基金: West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助: Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院上海分院择优资助项目: Advanced Programs of Shanghai Branch, the Chinese Academy of Sciences;基金委国家自然科学基金(面上项目; 重点项目; 重大项目): National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program; Key Program; Major Program);国家杰出青年科学基金: National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars;国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目: Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC海外及香港、澳门青年学者合作研究基金: Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong and Macao Young Scholars其他日本科学技术厅科学家交流项目: Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program海峡两岸自然科学基金共同资助: Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait“九五”国家医学科技攻关基金资助项目: National Medical Science and Technique Foundation during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period;核工业科学基金资助: Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助: BEPC National Laboratory兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助: Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou 北京市自然科学基金资助: Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation河南省教育厅基金资助: Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee河南省杰出青年基金(9911)资助: Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee黑龙江省自然科学基金资助: Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China湖北省教育厅重点项目资助: Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China江苏省科委应用基础基金资助项目: Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Jiangsu Province.山西省归国人员基金资助: Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness山西省青年科学基金资助: Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths上海市科技启明星计划资助: Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds东南大学基金资助: Foundation of Southeast of University华北电力大学青年科研基金资助: Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University华中师范大学自然科学基金资助: Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University西南交通大学基础学科研究基金资助: Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University黑龙江省自然科学基金资助Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China湖北省教育厅重点项目资助Supported by Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China河南省杰出青年基金(9911)资助Supported by Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee(项目编号:)河南省教育厅基金资助Supported by Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee山西省青年科学基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(项目编号:)山西省归国人员基金资助Supported by Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness北京市自然科学基金资助Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation上海市科技启明星计划(项目编号:)资助Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds(项目编号:)华北电力大学青年科研基金资助Supported by Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University华中师范大学自然科学基金资助Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University东南大学基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by Foundation of Southeast of University(项目编号:)西南交通大学基础学科研究基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University(项目编号:)***科学技术厅科学家交流项目(项目编号:)Supported by Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program (项目编号: [/size]中国科学院基金资助Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院九五重大项目(项目编号:)资助Supported by Major Subject of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(项目编号:)中国科学院院长基金特别资助Supported by Special Foundation of President of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation, The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院百人计划经费资助Supported by 100 Talents Programme of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Supported by One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院西部之光基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(项目编号:)北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助Supported by BEPC National Laboratory兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou国家自然科学基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(项目编号:)[Supported by NSFC(项目编号:)]国家自然科学基金重大项目资助Supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (1991483)国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(项目编号:)资助Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(项目编号:)国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(项目编号:)资助 (973计划项目)Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program(项目编号:)Supported by China Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract(项目编号:)Supported by State Key Development Program of (for) Basic Research of China(项目编号:)国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助Supported by National Important Project on Science-Phase Ⅱ of NSRL国家攀登计划—B课题资助Supported by National Climb—B Plan国家杰出青年科学基金资助Supported by National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar国家科技部基金资助Supported by State Commission of Science Technology of China(科委)Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China中国博士后科学基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation海峡两岸自然科学基金(项目编号:)共同资助Supported by Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait(项目编号:)核工业科学基金资助Supported by Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry国家教育部科学基金资助Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Education Commission (教委) Supported by Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China国家教育部博士点专项基金资助Supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助Supported by Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助Supported by Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助Supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China Supported by Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China国家自然科学基金中文标注:国家自然科学基金资助项目批准号********英标标注:Project ******** (项目批准号)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,可缩写为:Project ********* supported by NSFC2、浙江省自然科学基金中文标注:浙江省自然科学基金资助项目英文标注:The Project Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China3、教育部高等学校博士学科点专科研基金中文标注:高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题英文标注:The Research Fund for the Dectoral Program of Higher Education可缩写为:RFDP4、教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划中文标注:高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助英文标注:Supported by Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education5、教育部霍英东教育基金项目中文标注:教育部霍英东教育基金资助6、教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金中文标注:教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助英文标注:The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry可缩写为::The Project sponsored by SRF for ROCS, SEM)7、教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目中文标注:教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目英文标注:Supported by the Excellent Young Teachers Porgram of MOE, P.R.C.可缩写为EYTP8、教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划中文标注:跨世纪优秀人才培养计划英文标注:Trans-Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education9、教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划中文标注:新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助英文标注:Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(英文缩写“NCET”)10、教育部长江学者与创新团队发展计划中文标注:长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助英文标注:Supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(缩写为“PCSIRT”)。
在华外国人才状况年度调查问卷.doc

问卷编号:在华外国人才状况年度调查问卷(用人单位版)各用人单位:本次调查的主要目的是了解在华外国人才的工作状况和生活状况,了解国家及地方层面的政策措施的落实进度及实际效果,以及相关用人单位在管理、服务方面遇到的实际问题及政策期许等,为政府部门进一步制定完善相关政策提供依据。
请您按照实际情况逐一回答问题,文字、数字请填在横线上,选择题请在相应选项上打“√”即可。
对于您的回答,我们将按照《中华人民共和国统计法》的相关规定,予以保密。
中国国际人才交流与开发研究会上海社会科学院2018年12月贵单位基本信息:1.单位名称:_____________________2.单位所属地区:___________省(区)_____________市3.单位性质:A.政府机关B. 事业单位C. 非政府组织(NGO)D. 国有企业E. 三资企业(外资、合资、合作企业)F. 民营企业G. 其他4.单位所属领域:A.农林牧渔业B. 采掘业C. 制造业D. 建筑业E.交通运输、仓储及邮政业F. 信息传输、计算机服务和软件业G.批发和零售业 H. 住宿和餐饮业 I. 金融业 J. 房地产业K. 租赁和商务服务业 L. 水利、环境和公共设施管理业M. 居民服务和其他服务业 N. 公共管理和社会组织O. 科学研究/技术服务和地质勘探业 P. 教育Q. 卫生、社会保障和社会福利业 R. 文化、体育和娱乐业 S. 其他5.单位人员规模:A.10人及以下B. 10-20人C. 20-50人D. 50-100人E.100-500人F. 500-1000人G. 1000-5000人H. 5000人以上6.单位营业收入:A.50万元及以下B. 50-100万元C. 100-300万元D.300-500万元E. 500-1000万元F. 1000-2000万元G 2000-5000万元 H. 5000-10000万元 I. 10000万元以上7.单位管理外国专家部门:____________________8.E-mail地址:__________________________调查内容:第一部分外国人才引进工作1.贵单位引进外国人才的主要动因(可多选)A引进国外先进技术,促进本单位技术发展B引进国外人才,促进教学科研的国际交流与合作C引进国外先进管理经验与理念,提升本单位管理水平D进行外语教学或培训E其它(请注明)_______________2.贵单位引进外国人才的渠道(可多选)A政府组织的海外招聘B单位组织的海外招聘C涉外人才中介机构招聘D外国机构派遣E朋友介绍或熟人推荐F单位在国外网站上发布招聘信息G单位在国外报纸、电视、广播等媒体上发布的招聘信息H其他3.贵单位当前共计聘用______名外国人才。
海外留学人员回国创业环境和创业政策研究调查问卷

附件4海外留学人员回国创业环境和创业政策研究调查问卷【填写说明】1、本调查问卷是山东省人力资源和社会保障厅、山东省政协港澳台侨和外事委、致公党山东省委等联合承担的2015年重点课题“海外留学归国人员创新创业现状调研”调查内容,问卷调查结果及其分析研究成果将为我省回国创业留学人员的政策制定提供重要依据。
2、问卷调查所涉及的问题没有对错之分,您只需要按照实际情况填写,您的答案真实性和完整性对本课题的质量具有重要影响。
3、请在符合您实际情况的选项上打钩(√)或者在“”上填写真实情况。
4、本问卷不署名,您的回答会受到完全保密。
5、为了保证问卷调查结果的信度和效度,请您一定要认真填写,若有漏填或者填写不规范的情况,问卷将被视为废卷处理。
6、为确保调查取样数量,建议调查问卷回收量:济南、青岛、烟台三市不省于150份,威海、潍坊不少于100份,其它地市不少于60份(特殊情况酌情处理)。
Ⅰ【基本信息】1.您的性别:(1)男(2)女2.您的年龄:____岁3 您的性格属于:(1)非常外向(2)比较外向(3)一般(4)比较内向(5)非常内向4. 您目前的婚姻和家庭状况:(1)单身(含离异或丧偶)无孩(2)单身(含离异或丧偶)有孩(3)已婚无孩(4)已婚有孩5. 您在中国的出生地:_______;中国曾经工作地:______;现在国籍:_______6. 您留学所在的国别:(1)美国(2)加拿大(3)欧洲国家(4)澳大利亚(5)日本(6)韩国(7)港澳台(8)其它(请注明)7. 您在海外获得的最终学历或学习经历是:(1)本科(2)硕士研究生(3)博士研究生(4)博士后(5)访问学者8. 您的第一本科学历所学专业是:_________;最终所学专业是________9. 您在国外的工作经历:(1)无工作经历(2)中小企业(3)大企业(4)跨国企业(5)大学(6)研究机构(7)政府部门(8)社会团体或民间机构(9)其它(请注明)10. 回国前,你在国外工作的身份是:1)企业高层管理人员 2)企业中层管理人员 3)企业基层管理人员 4)普通员工5 )公司所有人 6)创业合伙人 7)科研机构工作人员 8)高校老师 9)科研机构管理人员 10)其他11. 您的出国时间为:_________;您的归国时间:_________12. 您是否获得专利:1)国外发明专利 2)国内发明专利 3)国外实用新型专利 4)国内实用新型专利 5)无专利13.您创业公司的注册所在地为:_________14.您现在的企业创立于_____年,属于哪一行业1)新材料 2)金融保险业 3)文化创意 4)生物和新医药 5)环保产业 6)医疗保健 7) 加工制造业 8)出版业 9)服务外包 10)商业服务业 11)电子信息 12)新能源及节能 13)动漫设计 14)机械设备 15)汽车及零部件16)其他:_________15. 企业现在处于哪一发展阶段1)初创阶段 2)成长阶段 3)成熟阶段 4)转型阶段16.2014年企业销售额:____万元,利润率约___%,上缴税收____万元17.企业现在员工总数是:___人,其中本科及以上____人,硕士及以上____人。
《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》在京发布

《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》在京发布
2024年12月21日,由中国留学人才网与中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所联合发布了《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》,该报告针对2024年全年归国留学人才的就业和创业情况进行了调查分析。
报告显示,2024年中国归国留学人才总人数为81.35万人,同比增长3.2%。
其中,硕博留学生占比54.6%,本科留学生占比35.8%,高中以下学历留学生占比9.6%。
在这些归国留学生中,有52.4%的人选择就业,40.2%的人选择创业,其余的人选择继续深造或休息调整。
报告称,从归国留学人才的就业情况来看,国有企事业单位依然是留学人才的首选就业单位,占比为26.1%;私营企业和外资企业分别占比14.5%和9.6%。
而在创业方面,信息科技领域和互联网行业成为归国留学生创业的热门选择,分别占比为27.6%和23.8%。
报告还指出,归国留学人才在创业过程中面临的挑战主要来自于资金问题、市场风险、政策支持以及人才团队构建等方面。
同时,报告也提出了针对性的政策建议,如加大对归国留学人才的政策支持力度,提升创新创业环境,加强人才培养和引进等方面的政策措施。
此外,报告还指出,随着我国经济不断发展和科技创新的不断提升,归国留学人才将在中国的经济建设和科技创新中发挥越来越重要的作用,为我国的现代化建设作出更大的贡献。
综上所述,通过《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》,我们可以看到中国归国留学人才在就业和创业方面的发展态势和现状,同时也看到了政府和社会对归国留学人才的重视和支持,相信随着政策的不断优化和环
境的不断改善,中国归国留学人才将会在未来的发展中取得更加辉煌的成就。
各类基金项目名称英译
基金项目的英文表示方法集合国家杰出青年基金用英语怎么说C hinaNatio nal F undsfor D istin guish ed Yo ung S cient istsTheNatio nal B asicResea rch P rogra m ofChina国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)TheNatio nal H igh T echno logyResea rch a nd De velop mentProgr am of Chin a国家高技术研究发展计划(863)The N ation al Na tural Scie nce F ounda tionof Ch ina 国家自然科学基金China Nati onalFunds forDisti nguis hed Y oungScien tists国家杰出青年基金TheFunds forCreat ive R esear ch Gr oupsof Ch ina国家创新研究群体科学基金.T he Ma jor I ntern ation al (R egion al) J ointResea rch P rogra m ofChina国家重大国际(地区)合作研究项目T he Na tiona l Key Basi c Res earch Spec ial F ounda tionof Ch ina国家重点基础研究项目特别基金资助的课题.The Spec ial F ounda tionfor S tateMajor Basi c Res earch Prog ram o f Chi na国家重点基础研究专项基金资助的课题.Th e Nat ional Scie nce F ounda tionfor P ost-d octor al Sc ienti sts o f Chi na国家博士后科学基金T he Na tiona l Hig h Tec hnolo gy Jo int R esear ch Pr ogram of C hina国家高技术项目联合资助的课题Know ledge Inno vativ e Pro gramof Th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie nces中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目T he Pr ogram of “One H undre d Tal ented Peop le” o f The Chin ese A cadem y ofScien ces 中国科学院“百人计划”研究项目TheMajor Prog ram f or th e Fun damen tal R esear ch of theChine se Ac ademy of S cienc es 中国科学院基础研究重大项目Ne w Cen turyExcel lentTalen ts in Univ ersit y教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划T he Im porta nt Pr oject of M inist ry of Educ ation教育部科学技术研究重大项目TheCheun g Kon g Sch olars Prog ramme教育部长江学者奖励计划T he Sc ienti fic R esear ch Fo undat ion o f the Stat e Hum an Re sourc e Min istry andthe E ducat ion M inist ry fo r Ret urned Chin ese S chola rs, C hina教育部和国家人事部留学回国人员基金T he Fo undat ion o f the Mini stryof Ed ucati on of Chin a for Outs tandi ng Yo ung T eache rs in Univ ersit y.教育部高等学校优秀青年教师研究基金The Foun datio n ofthe M inist ry of Educ ation of C hinafor R eturn ed Sc holar s教育部归国学者基金Th e Res earch Foun datio n fro m Min istry of E ducat ion o f Chi na教育部重大项目基金T he Tr ans-C entur y Tra ining Prog ram F ounda tionfor T alent s fro m the Mini stryofEd ucati on of Chin a教育部跨世纪人才训练基金TheScien ce Fo undat ion f or Po st Do ctora te Re searc h fro m the Mini stryof Sc ience andTechn ology of C hina科技部博士后基金Speci al Pr ophas e Pro jecton Ba sic R esear ch of TheNatio nal D epart mentof Sc ience andTechn ology科技部基础研究重大项目前期研究专项Grant forKey R esear ch It ems N o.2 i n “Cl imbin g” Pr ogram from theMinis try o f Sci enceand T echno logyof Ch ina 科技部攀登计划二号重点项目基金Spe ciali zed R esear ch Fu nd fo r the Doct oralProgr am of High er Ed ucati on高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金The S hangh ai “P hosph or” S cienc e Fou ndati on,Ch ina上海科技启明星基金资助The“Daw n”Pro gramof Sh angha i Edu catio n Com missi on上海市“曙光”计划The S hangh ai Po stdoc toral Sust entat ion F und上海市博士后基金M inist ry of Majo r Sci ence& Tec hnolo gy of Shan ghai上海市重大科技公关项目Th e Spe cialFound ation forYoung Scie ntist s ofZheji ang P rovin ce浙江省青年人才基金B eijin g Mun icipa l Sci enceand T echno logyProje ct北京市重大科技专项H eilon gjian g Pos tdoct oralGrant黑龙江省博士后资助基金G uangd ong N atura l Sci enceFound ation广东省自然科学基金项目T he "T enthfive" Obli gator y Bud get o f PLA军队“十五”指令性课题T he Fo k Yin g-Ton g Edu catio n Fou ndati on, C hina霍英东教育基金黑龙江省自然科学基金资助Su pport ed by Natu ral S cienc e Fou ndati on of Heil ongji ang P rovin ce of Chin a湖北省教育厅重点项目资助Supp orted by E ducat ional Comm issio n ofHubei Prov inceof Ch ina河南省杰出青年基金(9911)资助Su pport ed by Exce llent Yout h Fou ndati on of He’n an Sc ienti fic C ommit tee(项目编号:)河南省教育厅基金资助S uppor ted b y Fou ndati on of He’n an Ed ucati onalCommi ttee山西省青年科学基金(项目编号:)资助Supp orted by S hanxi Prov inceScien ce Fo undat ion f or Yo uths(项目编号:)山西省归国人员基金资助Supp orted by S hanxi Prov inceFound ation forRetur ness北京市自然科学基金资助Su pport ed by Beij ing M unici pal N atura l Sci enceFound ation上海市科技启明星计划(项目编号:)资助Su pport ed by Shan ghaiScien ce an d Tec hnolo gy De velop mentFunds(项目编号:)华北电力大学青年科研基金资助Suppo rtedby Yo uth F ounda tionof No rth-C hinaElect ric P owerUnive rsity华中师范大学自然科学基金资助Sup porte d byNatur al Sc ience Foun datio n ofCentr al Ch ina N ormal Univ ersit y东南大学基金(项目编号:)资助Suppo rtedby Fo undat ion o f Sou theas t ofUnive rsity(项目编号:)西南交通大学基础学科研究基金(项目编号:)资助Suppo rtedby Fo undat ion S cienc es So uthwe st Ji aoton g Uni versi ty(项目编号:)***科学技术厅科学家交流项目(项目编号:)Supp orted by J apanSTA S cient ist E xchan ge Pr ogram(项目编号:中国科学院基金资助Suppo rtedby Sc ience Foun datio n ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience s中国科学院九五重大项目(项目编号:)资助Suppo rtedby Ma jor S ubjec t ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience s(项目编号:)中国科学院院长基金特别资助Suppo rtedby Sp ecial Foun datio n ofPresi dentof Th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie nces中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助Su pport ed by Bure au of Inte rnati onalCoope ratio n, Th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie nces中国科学院百人计划经费资助Suppo rtedby 100 Tal entsProgr ammeof Th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie ncesSuppo rtedby On e Hun dredPerso n Pro jectof Th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie nces中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助S uppor ted b y Kno wledg e Inn ovati on Pr oject of T he Ch inese Acad emy o f Sci ences Supp orted by K nowle dge I nnova tionProgr am of TheChine se Ac ademy of S cienc es 中国科学院西部之光基金(项目编号:)资助Supp orted by W est L ightFound ation of T he Ch inese Acad emy o f Sci ences(项目编号:)北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助Supp orted by B EPC N ation al La borat ory兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助Suppo rtedby Ce nterof Th eoret icalNucle ar Ph ysics, Nat ional Labo rator y ofHeavy IonAccel erato r ofLanzh ou国家自然科学基金(项目编号:)资助Su pport ed by Nati onalNatur al Sc ience Foun datio n ofChina(项目编号:)[Suppo rtedby NS FC(项目编号:)]国家自然科学基金重大项目资助Su pport ed by Majo r Pro gramof Na tiona l Nat uralScien ce Fo undat ion o f Chi na (1991483) 国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(项目编号:)资助Sup porte d byProje cts o f Int ernat ional Coop erati on an d Exc hange s NSF C(项目编号:)国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(项目编号:)资助 (973计划项目)Sup porte d byMajor Stat e Bas ic Re searc h Dev elopm ent P rogra m(项目编号:)Suppo rtedby Ch ina M inist ry of Scie nce a nd Te chnol ogy u nderContr act(项目编号:)Sup porte d byState KeyDevel opmen t Pro gramof (f or) B asicResea rch o f Chi na(项目编号:)国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助Su pport ed by Nati onalHighTechn ology Rese archand D evelo pment Prog ram o f Chi na国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助Supp orted by N ation al Im porta nt Pr oject on S cienc e-Pha se Ⅱof NS RL国家攀登计划—B课题资助Sup porte d byNatio nal C limb—B Pla n国家杰出青年科学基金资助Supp orted by N ation al Na tural Scie nce F undsfor D istin guish ed Yo ung S chola r国家科技部基金资助Su pport ed by Stat e Com missi on of Scie nce T echno logyof Ch ina(科委)Su pport ed by Mini stryof Sc ience andTechn ology of C hina中国博士后科学基金Supp orted by C hinaPostd octor al Sc ience Foun datio n海峡两岸自然科学基金(项目编号:)共同资助Supp orted by S cienc e Fou ndati on of Twosides of S trait(项目编号:)核工业科学基金资助Suppo rtedby Sc ience Foun datio n ofChine se Nu clear Indu stry国家教育部科学基金资助Su pport ed by Scie nce F ounda tionof Th e Chi neseEduca tionCommi ssion (教委)Supp orted by S cienc e Fou ndati on of Mini stryof Ed ucati on of Chin a国家教育部博士点专项基金资助Su pport ed by Doct oralFundof Mi nistr y ofEduca tionof Ch ina国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助Su pport ed by Scie ntifi c Res earch Foun datio n for Retu rnedSchol ars,Minis try o fEdu catio n ofChina国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助Su pport ed by Scie nce F ounda tionfor T he Ex celle nt Yo uth S chola rs of Mini stryofEd ucati on of Chin a高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助Supp orted by R esear ch Fu nd fo r the Doct oralProgr am of High er Ed ucati on of Chin aSup porte d byDocto ral P rogra m Fou ndati on of Inst ituti ons o f Hig her E ducat ion o f Chi na 国家自然科学基金中文标注:国家自然科学基金资助项目批准号********英标标注:Proj ect ******** (项目批准号)suppo rtedby Na tiona l Nat uralScien ceFo undat ion o f Chi na,可缩写为:Pr oject ********* supp orted by N SFC2、浙江省自然科学基金中文标注:浙江省自然科学基金资助项目英文标注:The Proj ect S uppor ted b y Zhe jiang Prov incia l Nat uralScien ce Fo undat ion o f Chi na3、教育部高等学校博士学科点专科研基金中文标注:高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题英文标注:The Rese archFundfor t he De ctora l Pro gramof Hi gherEduca tion可缩写为:R FDP4、教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划中文标注:高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助英文标注:Supp orted by F ounda tionfor U niver sityKey T eache r bythe M inist ry of Educ ation5、教育部霍英东教育基金项目中文标注:教育部霍英东教育基金资助6、教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金中文标注:教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助英文标注:The Proj ect S ponso red b y the Scie ntifi c Res earch Foun datio n for theRetur ned O verse as Ch inese Scho lars, Stat e Edu catio n Min istry可缩写为::TheProje ct sp onsor ed by SRFfor R OCS,SEM)7、教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目中文标注:教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目英文标注:Su pport ed by theExcel lentYoung Teac hersPorgr am of MOE, P.R.C.可缩写为EYTP8、教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划中文标注:跨世纪优秀人才培养计划英文标注:T rans-Centu ry Tr ainin g Pro gramm e Fou ndati on fo r the Tale nts b y theMini stryof Ed ucati on9、教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划中文标注:新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助英文标注:Su pport ed by Prog ram f or Ne w Cen turyExcel lentTalen ts in Univ ersit y(英文缩写“NCE T”)10、教育部长江学者与创新团队发展计划中文标注:长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助英文标注:Su pport ed by Prog ram f or Ch angji ang S chola rs an d Inn ovati ve Re searc hTea m inUnive rsity(缩写为“PCSIR T”)基金项目英文翻译及基金资助书写格式基金项目英文翻译1 国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(863计划)(No.)Thi s wor k was supp orted by a gran t fro m the Nati onalHighTechn ology Rese archand D evelo pment Prog ram o f Chi na (863 Pr ogram) (No. )2国家自然科学基金资助项目(N o. )Gener al Pr ogram(面上项目), Ke y Pro gram(重点项目), Maj or Pr ogram(重大项目)Thi s wor k was supp orted by a gran t fro m the Nati onalNatur al Sc ience Foun datio n ofChina(No.)3国家“九五”攻关项目(No.)Thi s wor k was supp orted by a gran t fro m the Nati onalKey T echno logie s R & D Pr ogram of C hinadurin g the 9thFive-YearPlanPerio d (No. )4中国科学院“九五”重大项目(No. )This work wassuppo rtedby agrant from theMajor Prog ramsof th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie ncesdurin g the 9thFive-YearPlanPerio d (No. )5中国科学院重点资助项目(No. )T his w ork w as su pport ed by a gr ant f rom t he Ke y Pro grams of t he Ch inese Acad emy o f Sci ences (No. )6“九五”国家医学科技攻关基金资助项目(N o. )Thisworkwas s uppor ted b y a g rantfromthe N ation al Me dical Scie nce a nd Te chniq ue Fo undat ion d uring the9th F ive-Y ear P lan P eriod(No.)7江苏省科委应用基础基金资助项目 (No. )Th is wo rk wa s sup porte d bya gra nt fr om th e App liedBasic Rese archProgr ams o fSc ience andTechn ology Comm issio n Fou ndati on of Jian gsu P rovin ce (N o. )8 国家教育部博士点基金资助项目(No. )Th is wo rk wa s sup porte d bya gra nt fr om th e Ph.D. Pr ogram s Fou ndati on of Mini stryof Ed ucati on of Chin a (No. )9中国科学院上海分院择优资助项目(No. )Th is wo rk wa s sup porte d bya gra nt fr om Ad vance d Pro grams of S hangh ai Br anch, theChine se Ac ademy of S cienc es (N o. )10 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973计划)(No. )This work wassuppo rtedby agrant from theMajor Stat e Bas ic Re searc hDev elopm ent P rogra m ofChina (973 Prog ram)(No.)11国家杰出青年科学基金(No.)Thi s wor k was supp orted by a gran t fro m Nat ional Scie nce F und f or Di sting uishe dYou ng Sc holar s (No. )12 海外香港青年学者合作研究基金(No. )Th is wo rk wa s sup porte d bya gra nt fr om Jo int R esear ch Fu nd fo r You ng Sc holar s inHongKongand A broad(No.)中国科学院基金资助S uppor ted b y Sci enceFound ation of T he Ch inese Acad emy o f Sci ences中国科学院九五重大项目(项目编号:)资助Suppo rtedby Ma jor S ubjec t ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience s(项目编号:)中国科学院院长基金特别资助Supp orted by S pecia l Fou ndati on of Pres ident of T he Ch inese Acad emy o f Sci ences中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助Su pport ed by Bure au of Inte rnati onalCoope ratio n, Th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie nces中国科学院百人计划经费资助S uppor ted b y 100 Tale nts P rogra m ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience sSup porte d byOne H undre d Per son P rojec t ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience s中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助Suppo rtedby Kn owled ge In novat ion P rojec t ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience sSup porte d byKnowl edgeInnov ation Prog ram o f The Chin ese A cadem y ofScien ces中国科学院西部之光基金(项目编号:)资助Su pport ed by West Ligh t Fou ndati on of TheChine se Ac ademy of S cienc es(项目编号:)北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助S uppor ted b y BEP C Nat ional Labo rator y兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助Sup porte d byCente r ofTheor etica l Nuc learPhysi cs, N ation al La borat ory o f Hea vy Io n Acc elera tor o f Lan zhou国家自然科学基金(项目编号:)资助Supp orted by N ation al Na tural Scie nce F ounda tionof Ch ina(项目编号:)[Suppo rtedby NS FC(项目编号:)]国家自然科学基金重大项目资助S uppor ted b y Maj or Pr ogram of N ation al Na tural Scie nce F ounda tionof Ch ina (1991483) 国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(项目编号:)资助S uppor ted b y Pro jects of I ntern ation al Co opera tionand E xchan ges N SFC(项目编号:)国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(项目编号:)资助 (973计划项目)Supp orted by M ajorState Basi c Res earch Deve lopme nt Pr ogram(项目编号:)Supp orted by C hinaMinis try o f Sci enceand T echno logyunder Cont ract(项目编号:)Suppo rtedby St ate K ey De velop mentProgr am of (for) Bas ic Re searc h ofChina(项目编号:)国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助Sup porte d byNatio nal H igh T echno logyResea rch a nd De velop mentProgr am of Chin a 国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助S uppor ted b y Nat ional Impo rtant Proj ect o n Sci ence-PhaseⅡ of NSRL国家攀登计划—B课题资助S uppor ted b y Nat ional Clim b—B P lan国家杰出青年科学基金资助Sup porte d byNatio nal N atura l Sci enceFunds forDisti nguis hed Y oungSchol ar国家科技部基金资助Su pport ed by Stat e Com missi on of Scie nce T echno logyof Ch ina(科委)Su pport ed by Mini stryof Sc ience andTechn ology of C hina中国博士后科学基金Suppo rtedby Ch ina P ostdo ctora l Sci enceFound ation海峡两岸自然科学基金(项目编号:)共同资助Supp orted by S cienc e Fou ndati on of Twosides of S trait(项目编号:)核工业科学基金资助Supp orted by S cienc e Fou ndati on of Chin ese N uclea r Ind ustry国家教育部科学基金资助Su pport ed by Scie nce F ounda tionof Th e Chi neseEduca tionCommi ssion (教委)Supp orted by S cienc e Fou ndati on of Mini stryof Ed ucati on of Chin a国家教育部博士点专项基金资助Sup porte d byDocto ral F und o f Min istry of E ducat ion o f Chi na国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助Supp orted by S cient ificResea rch F ounda tionfor R eturn ed Sc holar s, Mi nistr y ofEduca tionof Ch ina国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助Suppo rtedby Sc ience Foun datio n for TheExcel lentYouth Scho larsof Mi nistr y ofEduca tionof Ch ina高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助Sup porte d byResea rch F und f or th e Doc toral Prog ram o f Hig her E ducat ion o f Chi naSu pport ed by Doct oralProgr am Fo undat ion o f Ins titut ionsof Hi gherEduca tionof Ch ina 霍英东教育基金会青年教师基金资助黑龙江省自然科学基金资助S uppor ted b y Nat uralScien ce Fo undat ion o f Hei longj iangProvi nce o f Chi na湖北省教育厅重点项目资助Supp orted by E ducat ional Comm issio n ofHubei Prov inceof Ch ina河南省杰出青年基金(9911)资助Sup porte d byExcel lentYouth Foun datio n ofHe’na n Sci entif ic Co mmitt ee(项目编号:)河南省教育厅基金资助S uppor ted b y Fou ndati on of He’n an Ed ucati onalCommi ttee山西省青年科学基金(项目编号:)资助Sup porte d byShanx i Pro vince Scie nce F ounda tionfor Y ouths(项目编号:)山西省归国人员基金资助Su pport ed by Shan xi Pr ovinc e Fou ndati on fo r Ret urnes s北京市自然科学基金资助S uppor ted b y Bei jingMunic ipalNatur al Sc ience Foun datio n上海市科技启明星计划(项目编号:)资助Suppo rtedby Sh angha i Sci enceand T echno logyDevel opmen t Fun ds(项目编号:)华北电力大学青年科研基金资助Su pport ed by Yout h Fou ndati on of Nort h-Chi na El ectri c Pow er Un ivers ity华中师范大学自然科学基金资助S uppor ted b y Nat uralScien ce Fo undat ion o f Cen tralChina Norm al Un ivers ity东南大学基金(项目编号:)资助Su pport ed by Foun datio n ofSouth eastof Un ivers ity(项目编号:)西南交通大学基础学科研究基金(项目编号:)资助Supp orted by F ounda tionScien ces S outhw est J iaoto ng Un ivers ity(项目编号:)日本科学技术厅科学家交流项目(项目编号:)S uppor ted b y Jap an ST A Sci entis t Exc hange Prog ram (项目编号:)Part 1:国家自然科学基金(项目编号:)资助S uppor ted b y Nat ional Natu ral S cienc e Fou ndati on of Chin a(项目编号:)[Supp orted by N SFC(项目编号:)]国家自然科学基金重大项目资助S uppor ted b y Maj or Pr ogram of N ation al Na tural Scie nce F ounda tionof Ch ina (1991483) 国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(项目编号:)资助Su pport ed by Proj ectsof In terna tiona l Coo perat ion a nd Ex chang es NS FC(项目编号:)国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(项目编号:)资助 (973计划项目)Sup porte d byMajor Stat e Bas ic Re searc h Dev elopm ent P rogra m(项目编号:)Suppo rtedby Ch ina M inist ry of Scie nce a nd Te chnol ogy u nderContr act(项目编号:)Sup porte d byState KeyDevel opmen t Pro gramof (f or) B asicResea rch o f Chi na(项目编号:)国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助Su pport ed by Nati onalHighTechn ology Rese archand D evelo pment Prog ram o f Chi na国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助Supp orted by N ation al Im porta nt Pr oject on S cienc e-Pha se Ⅱof NS RL国家攀登计划—B课题资助Sup porte d byNatio nal C limb—B Pla n国家杰出青年科学基金资助Supp orted by N ation al Na tural Scie nce F undsfor D istin guish ed Yo ung S chola r国家科技部基金资助Su pport ed by Stat e Com missi on of Scie nce T echno logyof Ch ina(科委)Su pport ed by Mini stryof Sc ience andTechn ology of C hina中国科学院基金资助Sup porte d byScien ce Fo undat ion o f The Chin ese A cadem y ofScien ces中国科学院九五重大项目(项目编号:)资助Sup porte d byMajor Subj ect o f The Chin ese A cadem y ofScien ces(项目编号:)中国科学院院长基金特别资助Sup porte d bySpeci al Fo undat ion o f Pre siden t ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience s中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助Suppo rtedby Bu reauof In terna tiona l Coo perat ion,The C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience s 中国科学院百人计划经费资助Sup porte d by100 T alent s Pro gramm e ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience sSup porte d byOne H undre d Per son P rojec t ofThe C hines e Aca demyof Sc ience s中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助Supp orted by K nowle dge I nnova tionProje ct of TheChine se Ac ademy of S cienc esSu pport ed by Know ledge Inno vatio n Pro gramof Th e Chi neseAcade my of Scie nces中国科学院西部之光基金(项目编号:)资助Su pport ed by West Ligh t Fou ndati on of TheChine se Ac ademy of S cienc es(项目编号:)北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助Su pport ed by BEPC Nati onalLabor atory兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助Sup porte d byCente r ofTheor etica l Nuc learPhysi cs, N ation al La borat ory o f Hea vy Io n Acc elera tor o f Lan zhou中国博士后科学基金Supp orted by C hinaPostd octor al Sc ience Foun datio n海峡两岸自然科学基金(项目编号:)共同资助Supp orted by S cienc e Fou ndati on of Twosides of S trait(项目编号:)核工业科学基金资助Suppo rtedby Sc ience Foun datio n ofChine se Nu clear Indu stry国家教育部科学基金资助Su pport ed by Scie nce F ounda tionof Th e Chi neseEduca tionCommi ssion (教委)Supp orted by S cienc e Fou ndati on of Mini stryof Ed ucati on of Chin a国家教育部博士点专项基金资助Su pport ed by Doct oralFundof Mi nistr y ofEduca tionof Ch ina国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助Su pport ed by Scie ntifi c Res earch Foun datio n for Retu rnedSchol ars,Minis try o fEdu catio n ofChina国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助Su pport ed by Scie nce F ounda tionfor T he Ex celle nt Yo uth S chola rs of Mini stryofEd ucati on of Chin a高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助Supp orted by S pecia lized Rese archFundfor t he Do ctora l Pro gramof Hi gherEduca tion霍英东教育基金会青年教师基金资助Su pport ed by theFok Y ing-T ong E ducat ion F ounda tion, Chin a (Gr ant N o. )黑龙江省自然科学基金资助Suppo rtedby Na tural Scie nce F ounda tionof He ilong jiang Prov inceof Ch ina湖北省教育厅重点项目资助Su pport ed by Educ ation al Co mmiss ion o f Hub ei Pr ovinc e ofChina河南省杰出青年基金(9911)资助Suppo rtedby Ex celle nt Yo uth F ounda tionof He’nanScien tific Comm ittee(项目编号:)河南省教育厅基金资助Supp orted by F ounda tionof He’nanEduca tiona l Com mitte e山西省青年科学基金(项目编号:)资助Su pport ed by Shan xi Pr ovinc e Sci enceFound ation forYouth s(项目编号:)山西省归国人员基金资助Su pport ed by Shan xi Pr ovinc e Fou ndati on fo r Ret urnes s北京市自然科学基金资助Suppo rtedby Be ijing Muni cipal Natu ral S cienc e Fou ndati on上海市科技启明星计划(项目编号:)资助Suppo rtedby Sh angha i Sci enceand T echno logyDevel opmen t Fun ds(项目编号:)华北电力大学青年科研基金资助Sup porte d byYouth Foun datio n ofNorth-Chin a Ele ctric Powe r Uni versi ty华中师范大学自然科学基金资助S uppor ted b y Nat uralScien ce Fo undat ion o f Cen tralChina Norm al Un ivers ity东南大学基金(项目编号:)资助Sup porte d byFound ation of S outhe ast o f Uni versi ty(项目编号:)西南交通大学基础学科研究基金(项目编号:)资助Sup porte d byFound ation Scie ncesSouth westJiaot ong U niver sity(项目编号:)日本科学技术厅科学家交流项目(项目编号:)Sup porte d byJapan STAScien tistExcha nge P rogra m (项目编号:)Par t 2:1、国家自然科学基金资助项目凡是国家自然科学基金资助项目的研究成果,必须严格按规定进行标注才算有效,否则基金委将不予承认。
来华留学生风险评估报告
来华留学生风险评估报告一、引言随着中国逐渐崛起为世界的经济和科技中心,越来越多的外国留学生选择前往中国深造。
然而,留学生在选择留学目的地时必须考虑各种因素,其中包括风险因素。
本报告旨在评估来华留学生所面临的风险,并提供一些潜在的解决方案。
二、风险评估1. 文化差异留学生来华后可能面临文化冲击和适应问题。
中国的语言、饮食、习俗和社交规则可能与他们的家乡完全不同,这可能导致留学生在初始阶段的不适应和孤独感。
然而,这种文化冲击可以在一段时间后得到缓解,并且随着适应的提高,留学生将逐渐融入中国文化中。
解决方案:学校可以提供文化培训和中文课程,以帮助留学生更好地适应中国的文化和社交环境。
此外,留学生可以积极参与校内外的社交活动,与中国本地学生建立联系,扩大他们的人脉圈。
2. 语言障碍对于许多非英语国家的留学生来说,中文可能是一门全新的语言。
语言障碍可能会影响他们在课堂上的学习和社交能力,这可能导致一定程度的学业压力和情感压力。
解决方案:学校应提供强化中文课程和语言辅导,帮助留学生提高中文水平。
同时,学生可以积极参与中文角、语言交换和外语角等活动,提升口语表达能力。
家庭寄宿和与中国人合作完成项目也能够提升留学生的语言水平。
3. 情感压力在一个陌生的环境中生活和学习可能会给留学生带来情感压力。
远离家人和朋友,没有亲近的支持系统,可能导致留学生感到孤独、焦虑和沮丧。
此外,学业上的压力和文化差异也可能增加他们的情感负担。
解决方案:学校应提供心理咨询服务,帮助留学生处理情感问题。
此外,学生可以寻找支持和陪伴的方式,例如加入学生组织或寻找志同道合的朋友。
4. 安全问题来华留学生的安全问题是非常重要的风险因素。
尽管中国是一个相对安全的国家,但在一些大城市,尤其是旅游景点附近,可能存在一些安全风险,如盗窃、诈骗和人身安全问题。
解决方案:学校应加强校园安全意识教育,提供安全指南并建立紧急联系机制。
留学生应保持警惕,谨慎与陌生人交往,保管好自己的财物。
年轻人在中国很难找到工作吗英语作文
年轻人在中国找工作的情况英语作文1In today's China, young people encounter both remarkable opportunities and formidable challenges when seeking employment. The rapid development of the Internet industry has presented a plethora of innovative positions for them. For instance, e-commerce platforms have created numerous job opportunities in areas such as digital marketing, data analytics, and software development. These new fields allow young people to showcase their creativity and skills.However, in traditional industries, the competition is intense. The high number of graduates and the relatively limited job openings have raised the employment threshold. Take the manufacturing sector as an example; companies often demand extensive experience and specific qualifications, making it difficult for fresh graduates to enter.Moreover, the changing economic landscape and technological advancements require young people to constantly update their knowledge and skills. They need to be adaptable and possess a diverse range of abilities to meet the diverse demands of the job market.Despite these challenges, the Chinese government has implemented various policies to support youth employment, such as providing entrepreneurship subsidies and vocational training. Young peoplethemselves are also becoming more proactive in enhancing their competitiveness through self-study and practical internships.In conclusion, while young people in China face both opportunities and challenges in the job search, with the right mindset and efforts, they can carve out a successful career path for themselves.2Young people in China face a complex and ever-changing job market when seeking employment. There are both advantages and disadvantages for them.One of the significant advantages young people possess is their innovative thinking. They are often more willing to explore new ideas and methods, which is crucial in today's rapidly evolving economy. For instance, in the field of e-commerce and digital marketing, their fresh perspectives can lead to breakthroughs and novel strategies. Moreover, young people generally have a strong ability to learn. They can quickly adapt to new technologies and knowledge, enabling them to meet the demands of emerging industries that require continuous learning and upskilling.However, young people also encounter several disadvantages. The lack of work experience is a common issue. This deficiency can make it challenging for them to compete with more seasoned candidates in certain traditional industries. Additionally, they often have limited social resources.Without extensive networks and connections, it might be harder for them to access some high-quality job opportunities or obtain valuable career advice.In conclusion, while young people in China bring innovation and learning agility to the job search, the absence of work experience and social resources poses obstacles. It is essential for them to leverage their strengths and actively address the weaknesses to secure fulfilling and promising careers.3In today's China, young people face both challenges and opportunities when it comes to finding jobs. There are several common and effective ways for them to embark on this career-searching journey.One popular approach is submitting resumes through online recruitment platforms. These platforms provide a vast database of job listings from various industries and regions. For instance, websites like 51job and Zhaopin attract numerous employers and job seekers. Young people can carefully browse the job descriptions that match their skills and interests, and then tailor their resumes to stand out among the competitors.Campus recruitment is another crucial channel. Many large enterprises and institutions actively participate in campus recruitment events at universities. This offers students a direct connection with potential employers. During these events, they can have face-to-facecommunication with recruiters, showcase their abilities and potential, and gain a deeper understanding of the company culture and job requirements.In addition, social media and professional networks also play a significant role. Young people can leverage platforms such as LinkedIn to expand their professional connections. By interacting with alumni or professionals in their desired fields, they may get valuable referrals or inside information about job openings.To sum up, young people in China have multiple avenues to explore when seeking employment. It requires them to be proactive, well-prepared, and strategic in order to secure a promising career start.4Young people in China face various situations when looking for jobs. The geographical differences have a significant impact on their career choices. In first-tier cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, there are abundant job opportunities. These cities have numerous multinational companies, large enterprises, and advanced industries. However, the cost of living is extremely high. The rent for a small apartment can take up a large portion of one's salary.In contrast, in smaller cities or rural areas, the living cost is relatively low, but the job options might be limited. Young people might find it challenging to pursue their desired careers due to the lack of advanced industries and professional platforms.When it comes to industry choices, emerging fields such as artificial intelligence have become highly attractive to young people. This industry offers not only high salaries but also the chance to engage in cutting-edge technologies and innovations. However, it also requires a high level of professional skills and knowledge.Traditional industries like manufacturing and service industries still provide a considerable number of job opportunities, but they might not be as appealing to those who are passionate about new technologies and rapid changes.In conclusion, young people in China need to carefully consider both geographical factors and industry trends when seeking jobs, in order to make the most suitable choices for their future development.5In contemporary China, the job-hunting journey for young people is a complex and challenging one, filled with a myriad of emotions and strategies. The employment pressure is often so intense that it gives rise to anxiety among many. They constantly worry about not meeting the expectations of society or their families, fearing that they might not secure a decent job that aligns with their qualifications and aspirations.However, some young people manage to adjust themselves effectively. They engage in various stress-relieving activities such as exercise, reading, or traveling. They also seek support from friends and family, sharing theirconcerns and receiving encouragement and advice.On the other hand, there are those who maintain a positive mindset and bravely embrace the challenges. They view the tough job market as an opportunity to enhance their skills and knowledge. They actively participate in training courses, acquire additional certifications, and constantly update their resumes to stand out in the fierce competition.In conclusion, the process of young people seeking jobs in China is a mixture of ups and downs. But with the right psychological attitude and coping strategies, they are able to navigate through this challenging phase and eventually find their place in the workforce.。
寻找青年先锋 英语
寻找青年先锋英语Looking for young pioneersIn today's society, young people are playing an increasingly important role. They are full of vitality and creativity, and are the hope and future of the country. Therefore, we are launching a campaign to find young pioneers.The purpose of this campaign is to discover and recognize those outstanding young people who have demonstrated outstanding leadership skills, innovative spirit, and dedication in various fields. These young pioneers may come from different industries, such as science and technology, education, culture, and social welfare. They may have made remarkable achievements in their respective fields, or have made outstanding contributions to the development of society.We believe that these young pioneers have set an example for other young people, showing them that with perseverance and hard work, they can make a difference and contribute to the development of society. At the same time, we also hope that through this campaign, more young people can be encouraged to pursue excellence, take on responsibilities, and contribute to the progress of society.If you know such a young pioneer, or if you are such a young pioneer, please contact us. We will feature these young pioneers on our platform, share their stories and experiences, and inspire more young people to pursue excellence and contribute to the development of society.Let us work together to discover and recognize more young pioneers, and create a better future for ourselves and our society.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
Terms of Reference –Development of Youth Sexual Reproductive Health: Facts and Figures publicationPROJECT:Youth Sexual and Reproductive HealthFUNDING AGENCY:UNFPACONSUTLANCY REF:CPR6R105CONSULTANCY TYPE:Institutional consultancyREPORTING TO:UNFPA China, ASRH Focal PointTASKS REQUIRED:Development of Youth SRH: Facts and Figures brochure DURATION: 1 September 2009 – 30 November 20091. BackgroundUNFPA’s youth SRH programme in ChinaIn recognition of the unmet needs in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of young people, UNFPA has made concrete progress in supporting the Chinese government to improve policy and practices to realize the reproductive health rights of young people. In accordance with UNFPA’s global Framework for Action on Adolescence and Young People, UNFPA/China 6th Country Programme (2006-2010) focuses on four key areas:1.evidence based youth policy development2.expanding access to life skills based SRH education3.the provision of a full package of SR health services to young people4.youth leadership and participationIn 2007 – 2008, UNFPA supported the development of the following two publications:1) Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in China: Policy Review and 2) Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young People in China: Literature and Project Review 2003 – 2007. These two publications have proved useful resources and advocacy tools for policymakers, programme managers, NGOs and other stakeholders. However, it is recognized that the length of these publications limits the extent to which they can be used as a quick and easy reference documents for the current status of young people’s SRH. It is also noted that the literature review summarized the limited available data rather than contribute additional data.ASRH research studyIn July 2009, UNFPA launched a joint study with the National Working Committee on Children and Women and Peking University to review the situation of unmarried youth’s access to reproductive health information and services in China. The study, with a sample size of approximately 22,000, is expected to provide data representing the national picture of the key SRH knowledge, attitudes and practices for unmarried youth aged 15-24. It is anticipated the research results will be available in December and will be integrated into the final version of the Youth: Facts and Figures brochure.Facts and Figures SeriesSince 2003, UNFPA China has commenced developing a Facts and Figures brochure series addressing key areas within UNFPA’s mandate. To date, two brochures have been published: Aging – Facts and Figures 2006 and Sex Ratio – Facts and Figures 2007.2. Objectives of publicationTo provide an easy reference document for data on the SRH of youth in China and how the Chinese context compares to the global situationTo increase understanding of key SRH issues affecting young people in ChinaTo be used as an advocacy tool to promote the need for increased government focus on the SRH needs of young people, particularly through the development of a comprehensive policy response to youth SRHTo inform advocacy activities undertaken by our key implementing partners, including young members of the China Youth Network (CYN)3. Target group of publicationThe ‘gatekeepers’ in youth SRH, including key government decision-makers, school principals, teachers and the medical professionMembers of the international donor communityGovernment agencies, NGOS and civil society organizations working in areas overlapping with ASRH issuesProgramme officers working in the development sector4. Expected deliverables and relevant time framesSeptember - Review of available data, including meeting with relevant stakeholdersEnd of September - Decision made jointly with UNFPA regarding appropriate data to be used (including data that will become available in December from the ASRH research study)Mid October – Draft outline provided to UNFPA, CYN members and other partners for reviewEarly November – First draft of text provided to UNFPA, CYN members and other partners for review (with space for data to be inserted from ASRH research study)End of November – Second draft of text completed (with space for data to be inserted from ASRH research study)The text in the brochure should be written in both English and Chinese and should be written in simple and concise language. The data should be presented in a user-friendly manner using tables, graphs and maps.Please note that UNFPA will coordinate a peer review of the content prior to finalization.5. General structureThe final structure of the publication will be agreed upon in consultation with UNFPA. However, the following outline provides some initial guidance:1.Introduction – including relevant definitions2.An overview of key facts and figures – this section should use official government datawhere possible, include consideration of regional variation in China and provide a comparison to the global situation to indicate the position of China in relation to the world/region. Further consideration needs to be given to the specific data to be used, based on availability and source. Some options include:Number of young people and projected number in next 20 and 50 yearsAverage age of pubertyAverage age of marriageAverage age of first sexual experienceKnowledge of contraceptive methodsUse of contraception, including emergency contraceptionAbortion rateRate of repeat abortionsKnowledge of STI preventionHIV prevalencePrevalence of common STIsAdditional data to be collected according to ICPD and MDG 5b indicators3.National Response in China – this section should include an overview of relevant laws,policies and services4.UNFPA Position on ASHR – this section should include a summary of the UNFPA globalFramework for Action on Adolescents and Youth5.UNFPA Response in China – this section should provide an overview of key youth SRHinterventions supported by UNFPA in China6.References6. Reporting and accountabilityThe production of this material will be managed by UNFPA Deputy Representative. The successful institution will liaise with UNFPA through the ASRH focal point at UNFPA. The UNFPA data focal point and the UNFPA Assistant Representative on Advocacy will also serve as contacts for this task.The leading member of the successful institution will be held accountable for the quality of the deliverables and for providing regular progress updates.7. Profile of institution requiredThe institution must have expertise in the field of youth SRH and have a team of experts with skills in data collection and tabulation, data analysis and report writing.8. Consultancy fee and travel expensesThe total budget for the publication development should be no more than USD5, 000, involving the following items:1.Data search and tabulation2.Data analysis3.Report writing4.Miscellaneous and operational costsIt is expected that the team leader will meet face-to-face as necessary with the relevant UNFPA staff. Where the team leader is based outside of Beijing, a round trip air ticket to and from Beijing and taxi fares will be reimbursed at actual costs upon submission of used ticket stub and receipt. A daily allowance of 150RMB will also be provided for each day in Beijing for up to two days. Accommodation costs will also be covered by UNFPA.9. Useful reference materialFor guidance on publication design /structure: Aging – Facts and Figures 2006 and Sex Ratio – Facts and Figures 2007 by UNFPAYoung People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in China: Policy Review by UNFPASexual and Reproductive Health of Young People in China: Literature and Project Review 2003 - 2007 by UNFPAUNFPA Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) Adolescent Data Guides -/adolescents/dhs_adolescent_guides.html10. Application processInterested institutions/research teams should e-mail an application to Ms Jin Hua, Programme Assistant, (jin@) by 6pm, Wednesday 26 August.The application should include the following:1. A cover letter addressing the strengths of the institution/research team with regards tothe Terms of Reference.2. A list of research team members and their CVs.3. A financial proposal detailing the budget and timeframe.。