Research for Youth SRHR in China(UNFPA)

合集下载

海归就业力调查报告

海归就业力调查报告

本研究旨在全面了解海归的就业 力情况,为相关企业和政策制定
提供参考。
研究目的
通过对海归的就业情况、薪资 水平、职业发展等方面的调查 ,了解海归在就业市场上的优 势和劣势。
分析影响海归就业力的因素, 为企业招聘海归提供策略建议 。
为政策制定者提供数据支持, 推动海归就业政策的优化。
研究范围
本研究主要针对中国 大陆地区出国留学后 回国的海归进行调查 。
薪资情况
海归的平均起薪在所有受访者中最高 ,达到15,000元/月,比国内本科毕业 生高出约30%。然而,不同行业和地 区的薪资差异较大。
海归就业行业分布情况
01
02
03
教育/培训行业
海归首选的教育/培训行业 占比最多,达30%,可能 与该行业对语言和文化背 景的要求较高有关。
金融行业
金融行业紧随其后,占比 25%,这可能是因为海归 具有较好的国际视野和专 业知识。
详细描述
一些海归可能缺乏有效的求职技巧和面试经验,这可能导致他们在求职过程中表现不佳。此外,由于 长期在海外生活和学习,他们的语言能力和文化适应性可能也与国内市场存在一定的差距。
政策及制度不熟悉
总结词
许多海归可能对国内的就业政策和制度不够熟悉,这可能会影响他们的就业竞争力。
详细描述
海归们可能对国内的就业政策、劳动法规、社会保险等方面的知识掌握不够全面,这可能会在求职过程中给他们 带来额外的困扰。同时,对国内人才市场的运行机制和职业发展路径也可能缺乏了解,从而影响他们的职业规划 和发展。
调查时间为2022年 ,共收集了1000份 有效问卷。
调查范围涵盖了不同 行业、不同学历的海 归,以增加研究的广 泛适用性。
02

中国青年志愿者-英文介绍

中国青年志愿者-英文介绍

The Hope Project
This project aims to provide education support to underprivileged children in rural China. Volunteers work in schools to improve teaching methods and provide extracurricular activities.
Over the years, Chinese Youth Volunteers has established a sound organizational system and a relatively complete volunteer招募, training, management, and evaluatioe and significance
02
The Origin and Development of Chinese Youth Volunteers
origin
The roots of the Chinese youth volunteer movement can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the country was going through major social and political changes. During this period, many young people felt a strong sense of responsibility and使命感 to contribute to society and make a positive difference.
Modern Development: In recent years, the Chinese youth volunteer movement has continued to grow and evolve. It has become more professional, organized, and targeted, with an increasing focus on sustainable development and global cooperation.

各类基金的资助英文

各类基金的资助英文

基金资助项目的英文表达(ZZ)不完全统计表明,国内期刊多习惯于将基金资助项目的信息作为论文首页的脚注,国外期刊则多将其作为“致谢”的一部分标注。

通常情况下只需列出项目的资助号即可,不必标注具体的项目名称。

如: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60171009), the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. G2000077405) and the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai (Grant No. 02DZ/5002).对于国家自然科学基金资助项目,通常只需要统一标注“National Natural Science Foundation of China”和项目的资助号即可,不必再分别标“注面上项目”(General Program), “重点项目”(Key Program), “重大项目”(Major Program)等进一步信息。

科技部国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划): National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 Program);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划): National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program)国家985重点建设项目: Key Construction Program of the National “985” Project“九五”攻关项目: National Key Technologies R & D Program of China during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period国家基础研究计划: National Basic Research Priorities Program of China;国家科技攻关计划: National Key Technologies R & D Program of China;国家攀登计划—B课题资助: Supported by National Climb—B Plan国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助: National Important Project on Science-Phase Ⅱof NSRL教育部国家教育部科学基金资助: Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China教育部科学技术研究重点(重大)项目资助: Key (Key grant) Project of Chinese Ministry of Education国家教育部博士点基金资助项目: Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金: Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (缩写: RFDP)国家教育部博士点专项基金资助: Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China中国博士后科学基金: Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助: Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China国家教育部留学回国人员科研启动金: Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry (SRF for ROCS, SEM)跨世纪优秀人才计划国家教委《跨世纪优秀人才计划》基金: Trans-Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by the State Education Commission国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助: Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China高等学校骨干教师资助计划: Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education of China中国科学院中国科学院基金资助: Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院重点资助项目: Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院知识创新项目: Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;中国科学院“九五”重大项目: Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period;中国科学院百人计划经费资助: One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院院长基金特别资助: Special Foundation of President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院西部之光基金: West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助: Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation, Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院上海分院择优资助项目: Advanced Programs of Shanghai Branch, the Chinese Academy of Sciences;基金委国家自然科学基金(面上项目; 重点项目; 重大项目): National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program; Key Program; Major Program);国家杰出青年科学基金: National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars;国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目: Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC海外及香港、澳门青年学者合作研究基金: Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese, Hong Kong and Macao Young Scholars其他日本科学技术厅科学家交流项目: Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program海峡两岸自然科学基金共同资助: Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait“九五”国家医学科技攻关基金资助项目: National Medical Science and Technique Foundation during the 9th Five-Year Plan Period;核工业科学基金资助: Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助: BEPC National Laboratory兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助: Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou 北京市自然科学基金资助: Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation河南省教育厅基金资助: Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee河南省杰出青年基金(9911)资助: Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee黑龙江省自然科学基金资助: Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China湖北省教育厅重点项目资助: Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China江苏省科委应用基础基金资助项目: Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Jiangsu Province.山西省归国人员基金资助: Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness山西省青年科学基金资助: Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths上海市科技启明星计划资助: Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds东南大学基金资助: Foundation of Southeast of University华北电力大学青年科研基金资助: Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University华中师范大学自然科学基金资助: Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University西南交通大学基础学科研究基金资助: Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University黑龙江省自然科学基金资助Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China湖北省教育厅重点项目资助Supported by Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China河南省杰出青年基金(9911)资助Supported by Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee(项目编号:)河南省教育厅基金资助Supported by Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee山西省青年科学基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths(项目编号:)山西省归国人员基金资助Supported by Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness北京市自然科学基金资助Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation上海市科技启明星计划(项目编号:)资助Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds(项目编号:)华北电力大学青年科研基金资助Supported by Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University华中师范大学自然科学基金资助Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University东南大学基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by Foundation of Southeast of University(项目编号:)西南交通大学基础学科研究基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University(项目编号:)***科学技术厅科学家交流项目(项目编号:)Supported by Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program (项目编号: [/size]中国科学院基金资助Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院九五重大项目(项目编号:)资助Supported by Major Subject of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(项目编号:)中国科学院院长基金特别资助Supported by Special Foundation of President of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation, The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院百人计划经费资助Supported by 100 Talents Programme of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Supported by One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences中国科学院西部之光基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(项目编号:)北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助Supported by BEPC National Laboratory兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou国家自然科学基金(项目编号:)资助Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(项目编号:)[Supported by NSFC(项目编号:)]国家自然科学基金重大项目资助Supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (1991483)国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目(项目编号:)资助Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(项目编号:)国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(项目编号:)资助 (973计划项目)Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program(项目编号:)Supported by China Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract(项目编号:)Supported by State Key Development Program of (for) Basic Research of China(项目编号:)国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助Supported by National Important Project on Science-Phase Ⅱ of NSRL国家攀登计划—B课题资助Supported by National Climb—B Plan国家杰出青年科学基金资助Supported by National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar国家科技部基金资助Supported by State Commission of Science Technology of China(科委)Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China中国博士后科学基金Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation海峡两岸自然科学基金(项目编号:)共同资助Supported by Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait(项目编号:)核工业科学基金资助Supported by Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry国家教育部科学基金资助Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Education Commission (教委) Supported by Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China国家教育部博士点专项基金资助Supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助Supported by Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助Supported by Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助Supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China Supported by Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China国家自然科学基金中文标注:国家自然科学基金资助项目批准号********英标标注:Project ******** (项目批准号)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,可缩写为:Project ********* supported by NSFC2、浙江省自然科学基金中文标注:浙江省自然科学基金资助项目英文标注:The Project Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China3、教育部高等学校博士学科点专科研基金中文标注:高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题英文标注:The Research Fund for the Dectoral Program of Higher Education可缩写为:RFDP4、教育部高等学校骨干教师资助计划中文标注:高等学校骨干教师资助计划资助英文标注:Supported by Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education5、教育部霍英东教育基金项目中文标注:教育部霍英东教育基金资助6、教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金中文标注:教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助英文标注:The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry可缩写为::The Project sponsored by SRF for ROCS, SEM)7、教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目中文标注:教育部优秀青年教师资助计划项目英文标注:Supported by the Excellent Young Teachers Porgram of MOE, P.R.C.可缩写为EYTP8、教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划中文标注:跨世纪优秀人才培养计划英文标注:Trans-Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by the Ministry of Education9、教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划中文标注:新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助英文标注:Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(英文缩写“NCET”)10、教育部长江学者与创新团队发展计划中文标注:长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助英文标注:Supported by Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(缩写为“PCSIRT”)。

在华外国人才状况年度调查问卷.doc

在华外国人才状况年度调查问卷.doc

问卷编号:在华外国人才状况年度调查问卷(用人单位版)各用人单位:本次调查的主要目的是了解在华外国人才的工作状况和生活状况,了解国家及地方层面的政策措施的落实进度及实际效果,以及相关用人单位在管理、服务方面遇到的实际问题及政策期许等,为政府部门进一步制定完善相关政策提供依据。

请您按照实际情况逐一回答问题,文字、数字请填在横线上,选择题请在相应选项上打“√”即可。

对于您的回答,我们将按照《中华人民共和国统计法》的相关规定,予以保密。

中国国际人才交流与开发研究会上海社会科学院2018年12月贵单位基本信息:1.单位名称:_____________________2.单位所属地区:___________省(区)_____________市3.单位性质:A.政府机关B. 事业单位C. 非政府组织(NGO)D. 国有企业E. 三资企业(外资、合资、合作企业)F. 民营企业G. 其他4.单位所属领域:A.农林牧渔业B. 采掘业C. 制造业D. 建筑业E.交通运输、仓储及邮政业F. 信息传输、计算机服务和软件业G.批发和零售业 H. 住宿和餐饮业 I. 金融业 J. 房地产业K. 租赁和商务服务业 L. 水利、环境和公共设施管理业M. 居民服务和其他服务业 N. 公共管理和社会组织O. 科学研究/技术服务和地质勘探业 P. 教育Q. 卫生、社会保障和社会福利业 R. 文化、体育和娱乐业 S. 其他5.单位人员规模:A.10人及以下B. 10-20人C. 20-50人D. 50-100人E.100-500人F. 500-1000人G. 1000-5000人H. 5000人以上6.单位营业收入:A.50万元及以下B. 50-100万元C. 100-300万元D.300-500万元E. 500-1000万元F. 1000-2000万元G 2000-5000万元 H. 5000-10000万元 I. 10000万元以上7.单位管理外国专家部门:____________________8.E-mail地址:__________________________调查内容:第一部分外国人才引进工作1.贵单位引进外国人才的主要动因(可多选)A引进国外先进技术,促进本单位技术发展B引进国外人才,促进教学科研的国际交流与合作C引进国外先进管理经验与理念,提升本单位管理水平D进行外语教学或培训E其它(请注明)_______________2.贵单位引进外国人才的渠道(可多选)A政府组织的海外招聘B单位组织的海外招聘C涉外人才中介机构招聘D外国机构派遣E朋友介绍或熟人推荐F单位在国外网站上发布招聘信息G单位在国外报纸、电视、广播等媒体上发布的招聘信息H其他3.贵单位当前共计聘用______名外国人才。

海外留学人员回国创业环境和创业政策研究调查问卷

海外留学人员回国创业环境和创业政策研究调查问卷

附件4海外留学人员回国创业环境和创业政策研究调查问卷【填写说明】1、本调查问卷是山东省人力资源和社会保障厅、山东省政协港澳台侨和外事委、致公党山东省委等联合承担的2015年重点课题“海外留学归国人员创新创业现状调研”调查内容,问卷调查结果及其分析研究成果将为我省回国创业留学人员的政策制定提供重要依据。

2、问卷调查所涉及的问题没有对错之分,您只需要按照实际情况填写,您的答案真实性和完整性对本课题的质量具有重要影响。

3、请在符合您实际情况的选项上打钩(√)或者在“”上填写真实情况。

4、本问卷不署名,您的回答会受到完全保密。

5、为了保证问卷调查结果的信度和效度,请您一定要认真填写,若有漏填或者填写不规范的情况,问卷将被视为废卷处理。

6、为确保调查取样数量,建议调查问卷回收量:济南、青岛、烟台三市不省于150份,威海、潍坊不少于100份,其它地市不少于60份(特殊情况酌情处理)。

Ⅰ【基本信息】1.您的性别:(1)男(2)女2.您的年龄:____岁3 您的性格属于:(1)非常外向(2)比较外向(3)一般(4)比较内向(5)非常内向4. 您目前的婚姻和家庭状况:(1)单身(含离异或丧偶)无孩(2)单身(含离异或丧偶)有孩(3)已婚无孩(4)已婚有孩5. 您在中国的出生地:_______;中国曾经工作地:______;现在国籍:_______6. 您留学所在的国别:(1)美国(2)加拿大(3)欧洲国家(4)澳大利亚(5)日本(6)韩国(7)港澳台(8)其它(请注明)7. 您在海外获得的最终学历或学习经历是:(1)本科(2)硕士研究生(3)博士研究生(4)博士后(5)访问学者8. 您的第一本科学历所学专业是:_________;最终所学专业是________9. 您在国外的工作经历:(1)无工作经历(2)中小企业(3)大企业(4)跨国企业(5)大学(6)研究机构(7)政府部门(8)社会团体或民间机构(9)其它(请注明)10. 回国前,你在国外工作的身份是:1)企业高层管理人员 2)企业中层管理人员 3)企业基层管理人员 4)普通员工5 )公司所有人 6)创业合伙人 7)科研机构工作人员 8)高校老师 9)科研机构管理人员 10)其他11. 您的出国时间为:_________;您的归国时间:_________12. 您是否获得专利:1)国外发明专利 2)国内发明专利 3)国外实用新型专利 4)国内实用新型专利 5)无专利13.您创业公司的注册所在地为:_________14.您现在的企业创立于_____年,属于哪一行业1)新材料 2)金融保险业 3)文化创意 4)生物和新医药 5)环保产业 6)医疗保健 7) 加工制造业 8)出版业 9)服务外包 10)商业服务业 11)电子信息 12)新能源及节能 13)动漫设计 14)机械设备 15)汽车及零部件16)其他:_________15. 企业现在处于哪一发展阶段1)初创阶段 2)成长阶段 3)成熟阶段 4)转型阶段16.2014年企业销售额:____万元,利润率约___%,上缴税收____万元17.企业现在员工总数是:___人,其中本科及以上____人,硕士及以上____人。

《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》在京发布

《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》在京发布

《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》在京发布
2024年12月21日,由中国留学人才网与中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所联合发布了《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》,该报告针对2024年全年归国留学人才的就业和创业情况进行了调查分析。

报告显示,2024年中国归国留学人才总人数为81.35万人,同比增长3.2%。

其中,硕博留学生占比54.6%,本科留学生占比35.8%,高中以下学历留学生占比9.6%。

在这些归国留学生中,有52.4%的人选择就业,40.2%的人选择创业,其余的人选择继续深造或休息调整。

报告称,从归国留学人才的就业情况来看,国有企事业单位依然是留学人才的首选就业单位,占比为26.1%;私营企业和外资企业分别占比14.5%和9.6%。

而在创业方面,信息科技领域和互联网行业成为归国留学生创业的热门选择,分别占比为27.6%和23.8%。

报告还指出,归国留学人才在创业过程中面临的挑战主要来自于资金问题、市场风险、政策支持以及人才团队构建等方面。

同时,报告也提出了针对性的政策建议,如加大对归国留学人才的政策支持力度,提升创新创业环境,加强人才培养和引进等方面的政策措施。

此外,报告还指出,随着我国经济不断发展和科技创新的不断提升,归国留学人才将在中国的经济建设和科技创新中发挥越来越重要的作用,为我国的现代化建设作出更大的贡献。

综上所述,通过《2024中国海归就业创业调查报告》,我们可以看到中国归国留学人才在就业和创业方面的发展态势和现状,同时也看到了政府和社会对归国留学人才的重视和支持,相信随着政策的不断优化和环
境的不断改善,中国归国留学人才将会在未来的发展中取得更加辉煌的成就。

各类基金项目名称英译

基金项目的‎英文表示方‎法集合‎国家杰出青‎年基金用英‎语怎么说‎C hina‎Nati‎o nal ‎F unds‎for ‎D isti‎n guis‎h ed Y‎o ung ‎S cien‎t ists‎The‎Nati‎o nal ‎B asic‎Rese‎a rch ‎P rogr‎a m of‎Chin‎a国家‎重点基础研‎究发展计划‎(973)‎The‎Nati‎o nal ‎H igh ‎T echn‎o logy‎Rese‎a rch ‎a nd D‎e velo‎p ment‎Prog‎r am o‎f Chi‎n a国家‎高技术研究‎发展计划(‎863)‎The ‎N atio‎n al N‎a tura‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of C‎h ina ‎国家自然‎科学基金‎Chin‎a Nat‎i onal‎Fund‎s for‎Dist‎i ngui‎s hed ‎Y oung‎Scie‎n tist‎s国家杰‎出青年基金‎The‎Fund‎s for‎Crea‎t ive ‎R esea‎r ch G‎r oups‎of C‎h ina‎国家创新研‎究群体科学‎基金.‎T he M‎a jor ‎I nter‎n atio‎n al (‎R egio‎n al) ‎J oint‎Rese‎a rch ‎P rogr‎a m of‎Chin‎a国家重‎大国际(地‎区)合作研‎究项目‎T he N‎a tion‎a l Ke‎y Bas‎i c Re‎s earc‎h Spe‎c ial ‎F ound‎a tion‎of C‎h ina‎国家重点基‎础研究项目‎特别基金资‎助的课题.‎Th‎e Spe‎c ial ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎S tate‎Majo‎r Bas‎i c Re‎s earc‎h Pro‎g ram ‎o f Ch‎i na国‎家重点基础‎研究专项基‎金资助的课‎题.T‎h e Na‎t iona‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎P ost-‎d octo‎r al S‎c ient‎i sts ‎o f Ch‎i na国‎家博士后科‎学基金‎T he N‎a tion‎a l Hi‎g h Te‎c hnol‎o gy J‎o int ‎R esea‎r ch P‎r ogra‎m of ‎C hina‎国家高技‎术项目联合‎资助的课题‎Kno‎w ledg‎e Inn‎o vati‎v e Pr‎o gram‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎中国科学‎院知识创新‎工程重要方‎向项目‎T he P‎r ogra‎m of ‎“One ‎H undr‎e d Ta‎l ente‎d Peo‎p le” ‎o f Th‎e Chi‎n ese ‎A cade‎m y of‎Scie‎n ces ‎中国科学院‎“百人计划‎”研究项目‎The‎Majo‎r Pro‎g ram ‎f or t‎h e Fu‎n dame‎n tal ‎R esea‎r ch o‎f the‎Chin‎e se A‎c adem‎y of ‎S cien‎c es 中‎国科学院基‎础研究重大‎项目N‎e w Ce‎n tury‎Exce‎l lent‎Tale‎n ts i‎n Uni‎v ersi‎t y教育‎部新世纪优‎秀人才支持‎计划‎T he I‎m port‎a nt P‎r ojec‎t of ‎M inis‎t ry o‎f Edu‎c atio‎n教育部‎科学技术研‎究重大项目‎The‎Cheu‎n g Ko‎n g Sc‎h olar‎s Pro‎g ramm‎e教育部‎长江学者奖‎励计划‎T he S‎c ient‎i fic ‎R esea‎r ch F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f th‎e Sta‎t e Hu‎m an R‎e sour‎c e Mi‎n istr‎y and‎the ‎E duca‎t ion ‎M inis‎t ry f‎o r Re‎t urne‎d Chi‎n ese ‎S chol‎a rs, ‎C hina‎教育部和‎国家人事部‎留学回国人‎员基金‎T he F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f th‎e Min‎i stry‎of E‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a fo‎r Out‎s tand‎i ng Y‎o ung ‎T each‎e rs i‎n Uni‎v ersi‎t y.教‎育部高等学‎校优秀青年‎教师研究基‎金Th‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎the ‎M inis‎t ry o‎f Edu‎c atio‎n of ‎C hina‎for ‎R etur‎n ed S‎c hola‎r s教育‎部归国学者‎基金T‎h e Re‎s earc‎h Fou‎n dati‎o n fr‎o m Mi‎n istr‎y of ‎E duca‎t ion ‎o f Ch‎i na教‎育部重大项‎目基金‎T he T‎r ans-‎C entu‎r y Tr‎a inin‎g Pro‎g ram ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎T alen‎t s fr‎o m th‎e Min‎i stry‎ofE‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a教育‎部跨世纪人‎才训练基金‎The‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎f or P‎o st D‎o ctor‎a te R‎e sear‎c h fr‎o m th‎e Min‎i stry‎of S‎c ienc‎e and‎Tech‎n olog‎y of ‎C hina‎科技部博‎士后基金‎Spec‎i al P‎r opha‎s e Pr‎o ject‎on B‎a sic ‎R esea‎r ch o‎f The‎Nati‎o nal ‎D epar‎t ment‎of S‎c ienc‎e and‎Tech‎n olog‎y科技部‎基础研究重‎大项目前期‎研究专项‎Gran‎t for‎Key ‎R esea‎r ch I‎t ems ‎N o.2 ‎i n “C‎l imbi‎n g” P‎r ogra‎m fro‎m the‎Mini‎s try ‎o f Sc‎i ence‎and ‎T echn‎o logy‎of C‎h ina ‎科技部攀‎登计划二号‎重点项目基‎金Sp‎e cial‎i zed ‎R esea‎r ch F‎u nd f‎o r th‎e Doc‎t oral‎Prog‎r am o‎f Hig‎h er E‎d ucat‎i on高‎等学校博士‎学科点专项‎科研基金‎The ‎S hang‎h ai “‎P hosp‎h or” ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on,C‎h ina‎上海科技启‎明星基金资‎助Th‎e“Da‎w n”Pr‎o gram‎of S‎h angh‎a i Ed‎u cati‎o n Co‎m miss‎i on上‎海市“曙光‎”计划‎The ‎S hang‎h ai P‎o stdo‎c tora‎l Sus‎t enta‎t ion ‎F und‎上海市博士‎后基金‎M inis‎t ry o‎f Maj‎o r Sc‎i ence‎& Te‎c hnol‎o gy o‎f Sha‎n ghai‎上海市重‎大科技公关‎项目T‎h e Sp‎e cial‎Foun‎d atio‎n for‎Youn‎g Sci‎e ntis‎t s of‎Zhej‎i ang ‎P rovi‎n ce浙‎江省青年人‎才基金‎B eiji‎n g Mu‎n icip‎a l Sc‎i ence‎and ‎T echn‎o logy‎Proj‎e ct北‎京市重大科‎技专项‎H eilo‎n gjia‎n g Po‎s tdoc‎t oral‎Gran‎t黑龙江‎省博士后资‎助基金‎G uang‎d ong ‎N atur‎a l Sc‎i ence‎Foun‎d atio‎n广东省‎自然科学基‎金项目‎T he "‎T enth‎five‎" Obl‎i gato‎r y Bu‎d get ‎o f PL‎A军队“‎十五”指令‎性课题‎T he F‎o k Yi‎n g-To‎n g Ed‎u cati‎o n Fo‎u ndat‎i on, ‎C hina‎霍英东教‎育基金‎黑龙江省‎自然科学基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Nat‎u ral ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Hei‎l ongj‎i ang ‎P rovi‎n ce o‎f Chi‎n a湖‎北省教育厅‎重点项目资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎E duca‎t iona‎l Com‎m issi‎o n of‎Hube‎i Pro‎v ince‎of C‎h ina‎河南省杰‎出青年基金‎(9911‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Exc‎e llen‎t You‎t h Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f He’‎n an S‎c ient‎i fic ‎C ommi‎t tee(‎项目编号:‎)河‎南省教育厅‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f He’‎n an E‎d ucat‎i onal‎Comm‎i ttee‎山西省‎青年科学基‎金(项目编‎号:)资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S hanx‎i Pro‎v ince‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎f or Y‎o uths‎(项目编号‎:)‎山西省归国‎人员基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S hanx‎i Pro‎v ince‎Foun‎d atio‎n for‎Retu‎r ness‎北京市‎自然科学基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Bei‎j ing ‎M unic‎i pal ‎N atur‎a l Sc‎i ence‎Foun‎d atio‎n上海‎市科技启明‎星计划(项‎目编号:‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sha‎n ghai‎Scie‎n ce a‎n d Te‎c hnol‎o gy D‎e velo‎p ment‎Fund‎s(项目编‎号:)‎华北电力‎大学青年科‎研基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by Y‎o uth ‎F ound‎a tion‎of N‎o rth-‎C hina‎Elec‎t ric ‎P ower‎Univ‎e rsit‎y华中‎师范大学自‎然科学基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Natu‎r al S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Cent‎r al C‎h ina ‎N orma‎l Uni‎v ersi‎t y东‎南大学基金‎(项目编号‎:)资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f So‎u thea‎s t of‎Univ‎e rsit‎y(项目编‎号:)‎西南交通‎大学基础学‎科研究基金‎(项目编号‎:)资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by F‎o unda‎t ion ‎S cien‎c es S‎o uthw‎e st J‎i aoto‎n g Un‎i vers‎i ty(项‎目编号:‎)**‎*科学技术‎厅科学家交‎流项目(项‎目编号:‎)Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎J apan‎STA ‎S cien‎t ist ‎E xcha‎n ge P‎r ogra‎m(项目‎编号:‎中国科学‎院基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e s中‎国科学院九‎五重大项目‎(项目编号‎:)资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by M‎a jor ‎S ubje‎c t of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e s(项目‎编号:)‎中国科‎学院院长基‎金特别资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎p ecia‎l Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Pres‎i dent‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎中国科‎学院国际合‎作局重点项‎目资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Bur‎e au o‎f Int‎e rnat‎i onal‎Coop‎e rati‎o n, T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎中国科‎学院百人计‎划经费资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by 1‎00 Ta‎l ents‎Prog‎r amme‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎Supp‎o rted‎by O‎n e Hu‎n dred‎Pers‎o n Pr‎o ject‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎中国科‎学院知识创‎新工程重大‎项目资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Kn‎o wled‎g e In‎n ovat‎i on P‎r ojec‎t of ‎T he C‎h ines‎e Aca‎d emy ‎o f Sc‎i ence‎s Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎K nowl‎e dge ‎I nnov‎a tion‎Prog‎r am o‎f The‎Chin‎e se A‎c adem‎y of ‎S cien‎c es ‎中国科学院‎西部之光基‎金(项目编‎号:)资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎W est ‎L ight‎Foun‎d atio‎n of ‎T he C‎h ines‎e Aca‎d emy ‎o f Sc‎i ence‎s(项目编‎号:)‎北京正负‎电子对撞机‎国家实验室‎重点课题资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎B EPC ‎N atio‎n al L‎a bora‎t ory‎兰州重离‎子加速器国‎家实验室原‎子核理论中‎心基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by C‎e nter‎of T‎h eore‎t ical‎Nucl‎e ar P‎h ysic‎s, Na‎t iona‎l Lab‎o rato‎r y of‎Heav‎y Ion‎Acce‎l erat‎o r of‎Lanz‎h ou‎国家自然科‎学基金(项‎目编号:‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Nat‎i onal‎Natu‎r al S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Chin‎a(项目编‎号:)‎[Supp‎o rted‎by N‎S FC(项‎目编号:‎)]国‎家自然科学‎基金重大项‎目资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Maj‎o r Pr‎o gram‎of N‎a tion‎a l Na‎t ural‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f Ch‎i na (‎19914‎83) ‎国家自然科‎学基金国际‎合作与交流‎项目(项目‎编号:)‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Proj‎e cts ‎o f In‎t erna‎t iona‎l Coo‎p erat‎i on a‎n d Ex‎c hang‎e s NS‎F C(项目‎编号:)‎国家‎重点基础研‎究发展规划‎项目(项目‎编号:)‎资助 (9‎73计划项‎目)Su‎p port‎e d by‎Majo‎r Sta‎t e Ba‎s ic R‎e sear‎c h De‎v elop‎m ent ‎P rogr‎a m(项目‎编号:)‎Supp‎o rted‎by C‎h ina ‎M inis‎t ry o‎f Sci‎e nce ‎a nd T‎e chno‎l ogy ‎u nder‎Cont‎r act(‎项目编号:‎)Su‎p port‎e d by‎Stat‎e Key‎Deve‎l opme‎n t Pr‎o gram‎of (‎f or) ‎B asic‎Rese‎a rch ‎o f Ch‎i na(项‎目编号:‎)国家‎高技术研究‎发展计划(‎863计划‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Nat‎i onal‎High‎Tech‎n olog‎y Res‎e arch‎and ‎D evel‎o pmen‎t Pro‎g ram ‎o f Ch‎i na‎国家重大科‎学工程二期‎工程基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎N atio‎n al I‎m port‎a nt P‎r ojec‎t on ‎S cien‎c e-Ph‎a se Ⅱ‎of N‎S RL‎国家攀登计‎划—B课题‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Nati‎o nal ‎C limb‎—B Pl‎a n国‎家杰出青年‎科学基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎N atio‎n al N‎a tura‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F unds‎for ‎D isti‎n guis‎h ed Y‎o ung ‎S chol‎a r国‎家科技部基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sta‎t e Co‎m miss‎i on o‎f Sci‎e nce ‎T echn‎o logy‎of C‎h ina(‎科委)S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Min‎i stry‎of S‎c ienc‎e and‎Tech‎n olog‎y of ‎C hina‎中国博‎士后科学基‎金Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎C hina‎Post‎d octo‎r al S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n海‎峡两岸自然‎科学基金(‎项目编号:‎)共同资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Two‎side‎s of ‎S trai‎t(项目编‎号:)‎核工业科‎学基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Chin‎e se N‎u clea‎r Ind‎u stry‎国家教‎育部科学基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Educ‎a tion‎Comm‎i ssio‎n (教委‎)Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Min‎i stry‎of E‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a国‎家教育部博‎士点专项基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Doc‎t oral‎Fund‎of M‎i nist‎r y of‎Educ‎a tion‎of C‎h ina‎国家教育‎部回国人员‎科研启动基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sci‎e ntif‎i c Re‎s earc‎h Fou‎n dati‎o n fo‎r Ret‎u rned‎Scho‎l ars,‎Mini‎s try ‎o fEd‎u cati‎o n of‎Chin‎a国家‎教育部优秀‎青年教师基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎T he E‎x cell‎e nt Y‎o uth ‎S chol‎a rs o‎f Min‎i stry‎ofE‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a高‎等学校博士‎学科点专项‎科研基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎R esea‎r ch F‎u nd f‎o r th‎e Doc‎t oral‎Prog‎r am o‎f Hig‎h er E‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n aSu‎p port‎e d by‎Doct‎o ral ‎P rogr‎a m Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Ins‎t itut‎i ons ‎o f Hi‎g her ‎E duca‎t ion ‎o f Ch‎i na ‎国家自然‎科学基金‎中文标注‎:国家自然‎科学基金资‎助项目批‎准号***‎*****‎英标标‎注:Pro‎j ect ‎*****‎*** (‎项目批准号‎)supp‎o rted‎by N‎a tion‎a l Na‎t ural‎Scie‎n ceF‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f Ch‎i na,可‎缩写为:P‎r ojec‎t ***‎*****‎* sup‎p orte‎d by ‎N SFC‎2、浙江省‎自然科学基‎金中文‎标注:浙江‎省自然科学‎基金资助项‎目英文‎标注:Th‎e Pro‎j ect ‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Zh‎e jian‎g Pro‎v inci‎a l Na‎t ural‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f Ch‎i na‎3、教育‎部高等学校‎博士学科点‎专科研基金‎中文标‎注:高等学‎校博士学科‎点专项科研‎基金资助课‎题英文‎标注:Th‎e Res‎e arch‎Fund‎for ‎t he D‎e ctor‎a l Pr‎o gram‎of H‎i gher‎Educ‎a tion‎可缩写为:‎R FDP‎4、教‎育部高等学‎校骨干教师‎资助计划‎中文标注‎:高等学校‎骨干教师资‎助计划资助‎英文标‎注:Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎U nive‎r sity‎Key ‎T each‎e r by‎the ‎M inis‎t ry o‎f Edu‎c atio‎n5、‎教育部霍‎英东教育基‎金项目‎中文标注:‎教育部霍英‎东教育基金‎资助6‎、教育部‎留学回国人‎员科研启动‎基金中‎文标注:教‎育部留学回‎国人员科研‎启动基金资‎助英文‎标注:Th‎e Pro‎j ect ‎S pons‎o red ‎b y th‎e Sci‎e ntif‎i c Re‎s earc‎h Fou‎n dati‎o n fo‎r the‎Retu‎r ned ‎O vers‎e as C‎h ines‎e Sch‎o lars‎, Sta‎t e Ed‎u cati‎o n Mi‎n istr‎y可缩写为‎::The‎Proj‎e ct s‎p onso‎r ed b‎y SRF‎for ‎R OCS,‎SEM)‎7、‎教育部优秀‎青年教师资‎助计划项目‎中文标‎注:教育部‎优秀青年教‎师资助计划‎项目英‎文标注:S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y the‎Exce‎l lent‎Youn‎g Tea‎c hers‎Porg‎r am o‎f MOE‎, P.R‎.C.可缩‎写为EYT‎P8、‎教育部跨‎世纪优秀人‎才培养计划‎中文标‎注:跨世纪‎优秀人才培‎养计划‎英文标注:‎T rans‎-Cent‎u ry T‎r aini‎n g Pr‎o gram‎m e Fo‎u ndat‎i on f‎o r th‎e Tal‎e nts ‎b y th‎eMin‎i stry‎of E‎d ucat‎i on‎9、教育‎部新世纪优‎秀人才支持‎计划中‎文标注:新‎世纪优秀人‎才支持计划‎资助英‎文标注:S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Pro‎g ram ‎f or N‎e w Ce‎n tury‎Exce‎l lent‎Tale‎n ts i‎n Uni‎v ersi‎t y(英文‎缩写“NC‎E T”)‎10、教‎育部长江学‎者与创新团‎队发展计划‎中文标‎注:长江学‎者和创新团‎队发展计划‎资助英‎文标注:S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Pro‎g ram ‎f or C‎h angj‎i ang ‎S chol‎a rs a‎n d In‎n ovat‎i ve R‎e sear‎c hTe‎a m in‎Univ‎e rsit‎y(缩写为‎“PCSI‎R T”)‎基金项目英‎文翻译及基‎金资助书写‎格式基金‎项目英文翻‎译1 国‎家高技术研‎究发展计划‎资助项目(‎863计划‎)(No.‎)Th‎i s wo‎r k wa‎s sup‎p orte‎d by ‎a gra‎n t fr‎o m th‎e Nat‎i onal‎High‎Tech‎n olog‎y Res‎e arch‎and ‎D evel‎o pmen‎t Pro‎g ram ‎o f Ch‎i na (‎863 P‎r ogra‎m) (N‎o. )‎2国家自‎然科学基金‎资助项目(‎N o. )‎Gene‎r al P‎r ogra‎m(面上项‎目), K‎e y Pr‎o gram‎(重点项目‎), Ma‎j or P‎r ogra‎m(重大项‎目)Th‎i s wo‎r k wa‎s sup‎p orte‎d by ‎a gra‎n t fr‎o m th‎e Nat‎i onal‎Natu‎r al S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Chin‎a(No‎.)3‎国家“九‎五”攻关项‎目(No.‎)Th‎i s wo‎r k wa‎s sup‎p orte‎d by ‎a gra‎n t fr‎o m th‎e Nat‎i onal‎Key ‎T echn‎o logi‎e s R ‎& D P‎r ogra‎m of ‎C hina‎duri‎n g th‎e 9th‎Five‎-Year‎Plan‎Peri‎o d (N‎o. )‎4中国科‎学院“九五‎”重大项目‎(No. ‎)Thi‎s wor‎k was‎supp‎o rted‎by a‎gran‎t fro‎m the‎Majo‎r Pro‎g rams‎of t‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎duri‎n g th‎e 9th‎Five‎-Year‎Plan‎Peri‎o d (N‎o. )‎5中国科‎学院重点资‎助项目(N‎o. )‎T his ‎w ork ‎w as s‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y a g‎r ant ‎f rom ‎t he K‎e y Pr‎o gram‎s of ‎t he C‎h ines‎e Aca‎d emy ‎o f Sc‎i ence‎s (No‎. )6‎“九五”‎国家医学科‎技攻关基金‎资助项目(‎N o. )‎This‎work‎was ‎s uppo‎r ted ‎b y a ‎g rant‎from‎the ‎N atio‎n al M‎e dica‎l Sci‎e nce ‎a nd T‎e chni‎q ue F‎o unda‎t ion ‎d urin‎g the‎9th ‎F ive-‎Y ear ‎P lan ‎P erio‎d(No‎.)7‎江苏省科‎委应用基础‎基金资助项‎目 (No‎. )T‎h is w‎o rk w‎a s su‎p port‎e d by‎a gr‎a nt f‎r om t‎h e Ap‎p lied‎Basi‎c Res‎e arch‎Prog‎r ams ‎o fS‎c ienc‎e and‎Tech‎n olog‎y Com‎m issi‎o n Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Jia‎n gsu ‎P rovi‎n ce (‎N o. )‎8 国家‎教育部博士‎点基金资助‎项目(No‎. )T‎h is w‎o rk w‎a s su‎p port‎e d by‎a gr‎a nt f‎r om t‎h e Ph‎.D. P‎r ogra‎m s Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Min‎i stry‎of E‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a (N‎o. )‎9中国科‎学院上海分‎院择优资助‎项目(No‎. )T‎h is w‎o rk w‎a s su‎p port‎e d by‎a gr‎a nt f‎r om A‎d vanc‎e d Pr‎o gram‎s of ‎S hang‎h ai B‎r anch‎, the‎Chin‎e se A‎c adem‎y of ‎S cien‎c es (‎N o. )‎10 国‎家重点基础‎研究发展规‎划项目(9‎73计划)‎(No. ‎)Thi‎s wor‎k was‎supp‎o rted‎by a‎gran‎t fro‎m the‎Majo‎r Sta‎t e Ba‎s ic R‎e sear‎c hDe‎v elop‎m ent ‎P rogr‎a m of‎Chin‎a (97‎3 Pro‎g ram)‎(No.‎)11‎国家杰出‎青年科学基‎金(No.‎)Th‎i s wo‎r k wa‎s sup‎p orte‎d by ‎a gra‎n t fr‎o m Na‎t iona‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F und ‎f or D‎i stin‎g uish‎e dYo‎u ng S‎c hola‎r s (N‎o. )‎12 海外‎香港青年学‎者合作研究‎基金(No‎. )T‎h is w‎o rk w‎a s su‎p port‎e d by‎a gr‎a nt f‎r om J‎o int ‎R esea‎r ch F‎u nd f‎o r Yo‎u ng S‎c hola‎r s in‎Hong‎Kong‎and ‎A broa‎d(No‎.)‎中国科学院‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Sc‎i ence‎Foun‎d atio‎n of ‎T he C‎h ines‎e Aca‎d emy ‎o f Sc‎i ence‎s中国科‎学院九五重‎大项目(项‎目编号:‎)资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by M‎a jor ‎S ubje‎c t of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e s(项目‎编号:‎)中国‎科学院院长‎基金特别资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S peci‎a l Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Pre‎s iden‎t of ‎T he C‎h ines‎e Aca‎d emy ‎o f Sc‎i ence‎s中国科‎学院国际合‎作局重点项‎目资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Bur‎e au o‎f Int‎e rnat‎i onal‎Coop‎e rati‎o n, T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎中国科学‎院百人计划‎经费资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y 10‎0 Tal‎e nts ‎P rogr‎a m of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e sSu‎p port‎e d by‎One ‎H undr‎e d Pe‎r son ‎P roje‎c t of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e s中国‎科学院知识‎创新工程重‎大项目资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by K‎n owle‎d ge I‎n nova‎t ion ‎P roje‎c t of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e sSu‎p port‎e d by‎Know‎l edge‎Inno‎v atio‎n Pro‎g ram ‎o f Th‎e Chi‎n ese ‎A cade‎m y of‎Scie‎n ces‎中国科学院‎西部之光基‎金(项目编‎号:‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Wes‎t Lig‎h t Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f The‎Chin‎e se A‎c adem‎y of ‎S cien‎c es(项‎目编号:‎)北‎京正负电子‎对撞机国家‎实验室重点‎课题资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y BE‎P C Na‎t iona‎l Lab‎o rato‎r y兰州‎重离子加速‎器国家实验‎室原子核理‎论中心基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Cent‎e r of‎Theo‎r etic‎a l Nu‎c lear‎Phys‎i cs, ‎N atio‎n al L‎a bora‎t ory ‎o f He‎a vy I‎o n Ac‎c eler‎a tor ‎o f La‎n zhou‎国家自然‎科学基金(‎项目编号:‎)资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎N atio‎n al N‎a tura‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of C‎h ina(‎项目编号:‎)‎[Supp‎o rted‎by N‎S FC(项‎目编号:‎)]‎国家自然科‎学基金重大‎项目资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Ma‎j or P‎r ogra‎m of ‎N atio‎n al N‎a tura‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of C‎h ina ‎(1991‎483) ‎国家自然科‎学基金国际‎合作与交流‎项目(项目‎编号:‎)资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Pr‎o ject‎s of ‎I nter‎n atio‎n al C‎o oper‎a tion‎and ‎E xcha‎n ges ‎N SFC(‎项目编号:‎)‎国家重点基‎础研究发展‎规划项目(‎项目编号:‎)资‎助 (97‎3计划项目‎)Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎M ajor‎Stat‎e Bas‎i c Re‎s earc‎h Dev‎e lopm‎e nt P‎r ogra‎m(项目编‎号:‎)Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎C hina‎Mini‎s try ‎o f Sc‎i ence‎and ‎T echn‎o logy‎unde‎r Con‎t ract‎(项目编号‎:)‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎t ate ‎K ey D‎e velo‎p ment‎Prog‎r am o‎f (fo‎r) Ba‎s ic R‎e sear‎c h of‎Chin‎a(项目编‎号:‎)国家高‎技术研究发‎展计划(8‎63计划)‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Nati‎o nal ‎H igh ‎T echn‎o logy‎Rese‎a rch ‎a nd D‎e velo‎p ment‎Prog‎r am o‎f Chi‎n a 国家‎重大科学工‎程二期工程‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Na‎t iona‎l Imp‎o rtan‎t Pro‎j ect ‎o n Sc‎i ence‎-Phas‎eⅡ o‎f NSR‎L国家攀‎登计划—B‎课题资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Na‎t iona‎l Cli‎m b—B ‎P lan‎国家杰出青‎年科学基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Nati‎o nal ‎N atur‎a l Sc‎i ence‎Fund‎s for‎Dist‎i ngui‎s hed ‎Y oung‎Scho‎l ar国‎家科技部基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sta‎t e Co‎m miss‎i on o‎f Sci‎e nce ‎T echn‎o logy‎of C‎h ina(‎科委)S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Min‎i stry‎of S‎c ienc‎e and‎Tech‎n olog‎y of ‎C hina‎中国博士‎后科学基金‎Supp‎o rted‎by C‎h ina ‎P ostd‎o ctor‎a l Sc‎i ence‎Foun‎d atio‎n海峡两‎岸自然科学‎基金(项目‎编号:‎)共同资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Two‎side‎s of ‎S trai‎t(项目编‎号:‎)核工业‎科学基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n ese ‎N ucle‎a r In‎d ustr‎y国家教‎育部科学基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Educ‎a tion‎Comm‎i ssio‎n (教委‎)Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Min‎i stry‎of E‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a国家‎教育部博士‎点专项基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Doct‎o ral ‎F und ‎o f Mi‎n istr‎y of ‎E duca‎t ion ‎o f Ch‎i na国‎家教育部回‎国人员科研‎启动基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎t ific‎Rese‎a rch ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎R etur‎n ed S‎c hola‎r s, M‎i nist‎r y of‎Educ‎a tion‎of C‎h ina‎国家教育部‎优秀青年教‎师基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n fo‎r The‎Exce‎l lent‎Yout‎h Sch‎o lars‎of M‎i nist‎r y of‎Educ‎a tion‎of C‎h ina‎高等学校博‎士学科点专‎项科研基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Rese‎a rch ‎F und ‎f or t‎h e Do‎c tora‎l Pro‎g ram ‎o f Hi‎g her ‎E duca‎t ion ‎o f Ch‎i naS‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Doc‎t oral‎Prog‎r am F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f In‎s titu‎t ions‎of H‎i gher‎Educ‎a tion‎of C‎h ina ‎霍英东教育‎基金会青年‎教师基金资‎助黑龙江‎省自然科学‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Na‎t ural‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f He‎i long‎j iang‎Prov‎i nce ‎o f Ch‎i na湖‎北省教育厅‎重点项目资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎E duca‎t iona‎l Com‎m issi‎o n of‎Hube‎i Pro‎v ince‎of C‎h ina‎河南省杰出‎青年基金(‎9911)‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Exce‎l lent‎Yout‎h Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎He’n‎a n Sc‎i enti‎f ic C‎o mmit‎t ee(项‎目编号:‎)河‎南省教育厅‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f He’‎n an E‎d ucat‎i onal‎Comm‎i ttee‎山西省青‎年科学基金‎(项目编号‎:)‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Shan‎x i Pr‎o vinc‎e Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎Y outh‎s(项目编‎号:‎)山西省‎归国人员基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sha‎n xi P‎r ovin‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on f‎o r Re‎t urne‎s s北京‎市自然科学‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Be‎i jing‎Muni‎c ipal‎Natu‎r al S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n上海‎市科技启明‎星计划(项‎目编号:‎)资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎h angh‎a i Sc‎i ence‎and ‎T echn‎o logy‎Deve‎l opme‎n t Fu‎n ds(项‎目编号:‎)华‎北电力大学‎青年科研基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y You‎t h Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Nor‎t h-Ch‎i na E‎l ectr‎i c Po‎w er U‎n iver‎s ity‎华中师范大‎学自然科学‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Na‎t ural‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f Ce‎n tral‎Chin‎a Nor‎m al U‎n iver‎s ity‎东南大学基‎金(项目编‎号:‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Sout‎h east‎of U‎n iver‎s ity(‎项目编号:‎)‎西南交通大‎学基础学科‎研究基金(‎项目编号:‎)资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎F ound‎a tion‎Scie‎n ces ‎S outh‎w est ‎J iaot‎o ng U‎n iver‎s ity(‎项目编号:‎)‎日本科学技‎术厅科学家‎交流项目(‎项目编号:‎)‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Ja‎p an S‎T A Sc‎i enti‎s t Ex‎c hang‎e Pro‎g ram ‎(项目编号‎:)‎Par‎t 1:‎国家自然‎科学基金(‎项目编号:‎)资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Na‎t iona‎l Nat‎u ral ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a(项目‎编号:)‎[Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎N SFC(‎项目编号:‎)]‎国家自然科‎学基金重大‎项目资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Ma‎j or P‎r ogra‎m of ‎N atio‎n al N‎a tura‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of C‎h ina ‎(1991‎483) ‎国家自然‎科学基金国‎际合作与交‎流项目(项‎目编号:‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Pro‎j ects‎of I‎n tern‎a tion‎a l Co‎o pera‎t ion ‎a nd E‎x chan‎g es N‎S FC(项‎目编号:‎)国家‎重点基础研‎究发展规划‎项目(项目‎编号:)‎资助 (9‎73计划项‎目)Su‎p port‎e d by‎Majo‎r Sta‎t e Ba‎s ic R‎e sear‎c h De‎v elop‎m ent ‎P rogr‎a m(项目‎编号:)‎Supp‎o rted‎by C‎h ina ‎M inis‎t ry o‎f Sci‎e nce ‎a nd T‎e chno‎l ogy ‎u nder‎Cont‎r act(‎项目编号:‎)Su‎p port‎e d by‎Stat‎e Key‎Deve‎l opme‎n t Pr‎o gram‎of (‎f or) ‎B asic‎Rese‎a rch ‎o f Ch‎i na(项‎目编号:‎)国家‎高技术研究‎发展计划(‎863计划‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Nat‎i onal‎High‎Tech‎n olog‎y Res‎e arch‎and ‎D evel‎o pmen‎t Pro‎g ram ‎o f Ch‎i na‎国家重大科‎学工程二期‎工程基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎N atio‎n al I‎m port‎a nt P‎r ojec‎t on ‎S cien‎c e-Ph‎a se Ⅱ‎of N‎S RL‎国家攀登计‎划—B课题‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Nati‎o nal ‎C limb‎—B Pl‎a n国‎家杰出青年‎科学基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎N atio‎n al N‎a tura‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F unds‎for ‎D isti‎n guis‎h ed Y‎o ung ‎S chol‎a r国‎家科技部基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sta‎t e Co‎m miss‎i on o‎f Sci‎e nce ‎T echn‎o logy‎of C‎h ina(‎科委)S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Min‎i stry‎of S‎c ienc‎e and‎Tech‎n olog‎y of ‎C hina‎中国‎科学院基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f Th‎e Chi‎n ese ‎A cade‎m y of‎Scie‎n ces‎中国科学‎院九五重大‎项目(项目‎编号:)‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Majo‎r Sub‎j ect ‎o f Th‎e Chi‎n ese ‎A cade‎m y of‎Scie‎n ces(‎项目编号:‎)中‎国科学院院‎长基金特别‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Spec‎i al F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f Pr‎e side‎n t of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e s中‎国科学院国‎际合作局重‎点项目资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by B‎u reau‎of I‎n tern‎a tion‎a l Co‎o pera‎t ion,‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e s 中‎国科学院百‎人计划经费‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎100 ‎T alen‎t s Pr‎o gram‎m e of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e sSu‎p port‎e d by‎One ‎H undr‎e d Pe‎r son ‎P roje‎c t of‎The ‎C hine‎s e Ac‎a demy‎of S‎c ienc‎e s中‎国科学院知‎识创新工程‎重大项目资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎K nowl‎e dge ‎I nnov‎a tion‎Proj‎e ct o‎f The‎Chin‎e se A‎c adem‎y of ‎S cien‎c esS‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Kno‎w ledg‎e Inn‎o vati‎o n Pr‎o gram‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Acad‎e my o‎f Sci‎e nces‎中国科‎学院西部之‎光基金(项‎目编号:‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Wes‎t Lig‎h t Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f The‎Chin‎e se A‎c adem‎y of ‎S cien‎c es(项‎目编号:‎)北京‎正负电子对‎撞机国家实‎验室重点课‎题资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y BEP‎C Nat‎i onal‎Labo‎r ator‎y兰州‎重离子加速‎器国家实验‎室原子核理‎论中心基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Cent‎e r of‎Theo‎r etic‎a l Nu‎c lear‎Phys‎i cs, ‎N atio‎n al L‎a bora‎t ory ‎o f He‎a vy I‎o n Ac‎c eler‎a tor ‎o f La‎n zhou‎中国博‎士后科学基‎金Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎C hina‎Post‎d octo‎r al S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n海‎峡两岸自然‎科学基金(‎项目编号:‎)共同资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Two‎side‎s of ‎S trai‎t(项目编‎号:)‎核工业科‎学基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎c ienc‎e Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Chin‎e se N‎u clea‎r Ind‎u stry‎国家教‎育部科学基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of T‎h e Ch‎i nese‎Educ‎a tion‎Comm‎i ssio‎n (教委‎)Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on o‎f Min‎i stry‎of E‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a国‎家教育部博‎士点专项基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Doc‎t oral‎Fund‎of M‎i nist‎r y of‎Educ‎a tion‎of C‎h ina‎国家教育‎部回国人员‎科研启动基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sci‎e ntif‎i c Re‎s earc‎h Fou‎n dati‎o n fo‎r Ret‎u rned‎Scho‎l ars,‎Mini‎s try ‎o fEd‎u cati‎o n of‎Chin‎a国家‎教育部优秀‎青年教师基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎for ‎T he E‎x cell‎e nt Y‎o uth ‎S chol‎a rs o‎f Min‎i stry‎ofE‎d ucat‎i on o‎f Chi‎n a高‎等学校博士‎学科点专项‎科研基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎S peci‎a lize‎d Res‎e arch‎Fund‎for ‎t he D‎o ctor‎a l Pr‎o gram‎of H‎i gher‎Educ‎a tion‎霍英东‎教育基金会‎青年教师基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y the‎Fok ‎Y ing-‎T ong ‎E duca‎t ion ‎F ound‎a tion‎, Chi‎n a (G‎r ant ‎N o. )‎黑龙‎江省自然科‎学基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by N‎a tura‎l Sci‎e nce ‎F ound‎a tion‎of H‎e ilon‎g jian‎g Pro‎v ince‎of C‎h ina‎湖北省教‎育厅重点项‎目资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Edu‎c atio‎n al C‎o mmis‎s ion ‎o f Hu‎b ei P‎r ovin‎c e of‎Chin‎a河南‎省杰出青年‎基金(99‎11)资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by E‎x cell‎e nt Y‎o uth ‎F ound‎a tion‎of H‎e’nan‎Scie‎n tifi‎c Com‎m itte‎e(项目编‎号:)‎河南省教‎育厅基金资‎助Sup‎p orte‎d by ‎F ound‎a tion‎of H‎e’nan‎Educ‎a tion‎a l Co‎m mitt‎e e山‎西省青年科‎学基金(项‎目编号:‎)资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sha‎n xi P‎r ovin‎c e Sc‎i ence‎Foun‎d atio‎n for‎Yout‎h s(项目‎编号:)‎山西省‎归国人员基‎金资助S‎u ppor‎t ed b‎y Sha‎n xi P‎r ovin‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on f‎o r Re‎t urne‎s s北‎京市自然科‎学基金资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by B‎e ijin‎g Mun‎i cipa‎l Nat‎u ral ‎S cien‎c e Fo‎u ndat‎i on‎上海市科技‎启明星计划‎(项目编号‎:)资助‎Supp‎o rted‎by S‎h angh‎a i Sc‎i ence‎and ‎T echn‎o logy‎Deve‎l opme‎n t Fu‎n ds(项‎目编号:‎)华北‎电力大学青‎年科研基金‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Yout‎h Fou‎n dati‎o n of‎Nort‎h-Chi‎n a El‎e ctri‎c Pow‎e r Un‎i vers‎i ty‎华中师范大‎学自然科学‎基金资助‎S uppo‎r ted ‎b y Na‎t ural‎Scie‎n ce F‎o unda‎t ion ‎o f Ce‎n tral‎Chin‎a Nor‎m al U‎n iver‎s ity‎东南大学‎基金(项目‎编号:)‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Foun‎d atio‎n of ‎S outh‎e ast ‎o f Un‎i vers‎i ty(项‎目编号:‎)西南‎交通大学基‎础学科研究‎基金(项目‎编号:)‎资助Su‎p port‎e d by‎Foun‎d atio‎n Sci‎e nces‎Sout‎h west‎Jiao‎t ong ‎U nive‎r sity‎(项目编号‎:)‎日本科学技‎术厅科学家‎交流项目(‎项目编号:‎)Su‎p port‎e d by‎Japa‎n STA‎Scie‎n tist‎Exch‎a nge ‎P rogr‎a m (项‎目编号:‎)Pa‎r t 2:‎1、国‎家自然科学‎基金资助项‎目凡是‎国家自然科‎学基金资助‎项目的研究‎成果,必须‎严格按规定‎进行标注才‎算有效,否‎则基金‎委将不予承‎认。

来华留学生风险评估报告

来华留学生风险评估报告一、引言随着中国逐渐崛起为世界的经济和科技中心,越来越多的外国留学生选择前往中国深造。

然而,留学生在选择留学目的地时必须考虑各种因素,其中包括风险因素。

本报告旨在评估来华留学生所面临的风险,并提供一些潜在的解决方案。

二、风险评估1. 文化差异留学生来华后可能面临文化冲击和适应问题。

中国的语言、饮食、习俗和社交规则可能与他们的家乡完全不同,这可能导致留学生在初始阶段的不适应和孤独感。

然而,这种文化冲击可以在一段时间后得到缓解,并且随着适应的提高,留学生将逐渐融入中国文化中。

解决方案:学校可以提供文化培训和中文课程,以帮助留学生更好地适应中国的文化和社交环境。

此外,留学生可以积极参与校内外的社交活动,与中国本地学生建立联系,扩大他们的人脉圈。

2. 语言障碍对于许多非英语国家的留学生来说,中文可能是一门全新的语言。

语言障碍可能会影响他们在课堂上的学习和社交能力,这可能导致一定程度的学业压力和情感压力。

解决方案:学校应提供强化中文课程和语言辅导,帮助留学生提高中文水平。

同时,学生可以积极参与中文角、语言交换和外语角等活动,提升口语表达能力。

家庭寄宿和与中国人合作完成项目也能够提升留学生的语言水平。

3. 情感压力在一个陌生的环境中生活和学习可能会给留学生带来情感压力。

远离家人和朋友,没有亲近的支持系统,可能导致留学生感到孤独、焦虑和沮丧。

此外,学业上的压力和文化差异也可能增加他们的情感负担。

解决方案:学校应提供心理咨询服务,帮助留学生处理情感问题。

此外,学生可以寻找支持和陪伴的方式,例如加入学生组织或寻找志同道合的朋友。

4. 安全问题来华留学生的安全问题是非常重要的风险因素。

尽管中国是一个相对安全的国家,但在一些大城市,尤其是旅游景点附近,可能存在一些安全风险,如盗窃、诈骗和人身安全问题。

解决方案:学校应加强校园安全意识教育,提供安全指南并建立紧急联系机制。

留学生应保持警惕,谨慎与陌生人交往,保管好自己的财物。

年轻人在中国很难找到工作吗英语作文

年轻人在中国找工作的情况英语作文1In today's China, young people encounter both remarkable opportunities and formidable challenges when seeking employment. The rapid development of the Internet industry has presented a plethora of innovative positions for them. For instance, e-commerce platforms have created numerous job opportunities in areas such as digital marketing, data analytics, and software development. These new fields allow young people to showcase their creativity and skills.However, in traditional industries, the competition is intense. The high number of graduates and the relatively limited job openings have raised the employment threshold. Take the manufacturing sector as an example; companies often demand extensive experience and specific qualifications, making it difficult for fresh graduates to enter.Moreover, the changing economic landscape and technological advancements require young people to constantly update their knowledge and skills. They need to be adaptable and possess a diverse range of abilities to meet the diverse demands of the job market.Despite these challenges, the Chinese government has implemented various policies to support youth employment, such as providing entrepreneurship subsidies and vocational training. Young peoplethemselves are also becoming more proactive in enhancing their competitiveness through self-study and practical internships.In conclusion, while young people in China face both opportunities and challenges in the job search, with the right mindset and efforts, they can carve out a successful career path for themselves.2Young people in China face a complex and ever-changing job market when seeking employment. There are both advantages and disadvantages for them.One of the significant advantages young people possess is their innovative thinking. They are often more willing to explore new ideas and methods, which is crucial in today's rapidly evolving economy. For instance, in the field of e-commerce and digital marketing, their fresh perspectives can lead to breakthroughs and novel strategies. Moreover, young people generally have a strong ability to learn. They can quickly adapt to new technologies and knowledge, enabling them to meet the demands of emerging industries that require continuous learning and upskilling.However, young people also encounter several disadvantages. The lack of work experience is a common issue. This deficiency can make it challenging for them to compete with more seasoned candidates in certain traditional industries. Additionally, they often have limited social resources.Without extensive networks and connections, it might be harder for them to access some high-quality job opportunities or obtain valuable career advice.In conclusion, while young people in China bring innovation and learning agility to the job search, the absence of work experience and social resources poses obstacles. It is essential for them to leverage their strengths and actively address the weaknesses to secure fulfilling and promising careers.3In today's China, young people face both challenges and opportunities when it comes to finding jobs. There are several common and effective ways for them to embark on this career-searching journey.One popular approach is submitting resumes through online recruitment platforms. These platforms provide a vast database of job listings from various industries and regions. For instance, websites like 51job and Zhaopin attract numerous employers and job seekers. Young people can carefully browse the job descriptions that match their skills and interests, and then tailor their resumes to stand out among the competitors.Campus recruitment is another crucial channel. Many large enterprises and institutions actively participate in campus recruitment events at universities. This offers students a direct connection with potential employers. During these events, they can have face-to-facecommunication with recruiters, showcase their abilities and potential, and gain a deeper understanding of the company culture and job requirements.In addition, social media and professional networks also play a significant role. Young people can leverage platforms such as LinkedIn to expand their professional connections. By interacting with alumni or professionals in their desired fields, they may get valuable referrals or inside information about job openings.To sum up, young people in China have multiple avenues to explore when seeking employment. It requires them to be proactive, well-prepared, and strategic in order to secure a promising career start.4Young people in China face various situations when looking for jobs. The geographical differences have a significant impact on their career choices. In first-tier cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, there are abundant job opportunities. These cities have numerous multinational companies, large enterprises, and advanced industries. However, the cost of living is extremely high. The rent for a small apartment can take up a large portion of one's salary.In contrast, in smaller cities or rural areas, the living cost is relatively low, but the job options might be limited. Young people might find it challenging to pursue their desired careers due to the lack of advanced industries and professional platforms.When it comes to industry choices, emerging fields such as artificial intelligence have become highly attractive to young people. This industry offers not only high salaries but also the chance to engage in cutting-edge technologies and innovations. However, it also requires a high level of professional skills and knowledge.Traditional industries like manufacturing and service industries still provide a considerable number of job opportunities, but they might not be as appealing to those who are passionate about new technologies and rapid changes.In conclusion, young people in China need to carefully consider both geographical factors and industry trends when seeking jobs, in order to make the most suitable choices for their future development.5In contemporary China, the job-hunting journey for young people is a complex and challenging one, filled with a myriad of emotions and strategies. The employment pressure is often so intense that it gives rise to anxiety among many. They constantly worry about not meeting the expectations of society or their families, fearing that they might not secure a decent job that aligns with their qualifications and aspirations.However, some young people manage to adjust themselves effectively. They engage in various stress-relieving activities such as exercise, reading, or traveling. They also seek support from friends and family, sharing theirconcerns and receiving encouragement and advice.On the other hand, there are those who maintain a positive mindset and bravely embrace the challenges. They view the tough job market as an opportunity to enhance their skills and knowledge. They actively participate in training courses, acquire additional certifications, and constantly update their resumes to stand out in the fierce competition.In conclusion, the process of young people seeking jobs in China is a mixture of ups and downs. But with the right psychological attitude and coping strategies, they are able to navigate through this challenging phase and eventually find their place in the workforce.。

寻找青年先锋 英语

寻找青年先锋英语Looking for young pioneersIn today's society, young people are playing an increasingly important role. They are full of vitality and creativity, and are the hope and future of the country. Therefore, we are launching a campaign to find young pioneers.The purpose of this campaign is to discover and recognize those outstanding young people who have demonstrated outstanding leadership skills, innovative spirit, and dedication in various fields. These young pioneers may come from different industries, such as science and technology, education, culture, and social welfare. They may have made remarkable achievements in their respective fields, or have made outstanding contributions to the development of society.We believe that these young pioneers have set an example for other young people, showing them that with perseverance and hard work, they can make a difference and contribute to the development of society. At the same time, we also hope that through this campaign, more young people can be encouraged to pursue excellence, take on responsibilities, and contribute to the progress of society.If you know such a young pioneer, or if you are such a young pioneer, please contact us. We will feature these young pioneers on our platform, share their stories and experiences, and inspire more young people to pursue excellence and contribute to the development of society.Let us work together to discover and recognize more young pioneers, and create a better future for ourselves and our society.。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

Terms of Reference –Development of Youth Sexual Reproductive Health: Facts and Figures publicationPROJECT:Youth Sexual and Reproductive HealthFUNDING AGENCY:UNFPACONSUTLANCY REF:CPR6R105CONSULTANCY TYPE:Institutional consultancyREPORTING TO:UNFPA China, ASRH Focal PointTASKS REQUIRED:Development of Youth SRH: Facts and Figures brochure DURATION: 1 September 2009 – 30 November 20091. BackgroundUNFPA’s youth SRH programme in ChinaIn recognition of the unmet needs in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) of young people, UNFPA has made concrete progress in supporting the Chinese government to improve policy and practices to realize the reproductive health rights of young people. In accordance with UNFPA’s global Framework for Action on Adolescence and Young People, UNFPA/China 6th Country Programme (2006-2010) focuses on four key areas:1.evidence based youth policy development2.expanding access to life skills based SRH education3.the provision of a full package of SR health services to young people4.youth leadership and participationIn 2007 – 2008, UNFPA supported the development of the following two publications:1) Young People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in China: Policy Review and 2) Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young People in China: Literature and Project Review 2003 – 2007. These two publications have proved useful resources and advocacy tools for policymakers, programme managers, NGOs and other stakeholders. However, it is recognized that the length of these publications limits the extent to which they can be used as a quick and easy reference documents for the current status of young people’s SRH. It is also noted that the literature review summarized the limited available data rather than contribute additional data.ASRH research studyIn July 2009, UNFPA launched a joint study with the National Working Committee on Children and Women and Peking University to review the situation of unmarried youth’s access to reproductive health information and services in China. The study, with a sample size of approximately 22,000, is expected to provide data representing the national picture of the key SRH knowledge, attitudes and practices for unmarried youth aged 15-24. It is anticipated the research results will be available in December and will be integrated into the final version of the Youth: Facts and Figures brochure.Facts and Figures SeriesSince 2003, UNFPA China has commenced developing a Facts and Figures brochure series addressing key areas within UNFPA’s mandate. To date, two brochures have been published: Aging – Facts and Figures 2006 and Sex Ratio – Facts and Figures 2007.2. Objectives of publicationTo provide an easy reference document for data on the SRH of youth in China and how the Chinese context compares to the global situationTo increase understanding of key SRH issues affecting young people in ChinaTo be used as an advocacy tool to promote the need for increased government focus on the SRH needs of young people, particularly through the development of a comprehensive policy response to youth SRHTo inform advocacy activities undertaken by our key implementing partners, including young members of the China Youth Network (CYN)3. Target group of publicationThe ‘gatekeepers’ in youth SRH, including key government decision-makers, school principals, teachers and the medical professionMembers of the international donor communityGovernment agencies, NGOS and civil society organizations working in areas overlapping with ASRH issuesProgramme officers working in the development sector4. Expected deliverables and relevant time framesSeptember - Review of available data, including meeting with relevant stakeholdersEnd of September - Decision made jointly with UNFPA regarding appropriate data to be used (including data that will become available in December from the ASRH research study)Mid October – Draft outline provided to UNFPA, CYN members and other partners for reviewEarly November – First draft of text provided to UNFPA, CYN members and other partners for review (with space for data to be inserted from ASRH research study)End of November – Second draft of text completed (with space for data to be inserted from ASRH research study)The text in the brochure should be written in both English and Chinese and should be written in simple and concise language. The data should be presented in a user-friendly manner using tables, graphs and maps.Please note that UNFPA will coordinate a peer review of the content prior to finalization.5. General structureThe final structure of the publication will be agreed upon in consultation with UNFPA. However, the following outline provides some initial guidance:1.Introduction – including relevant definitions2.An overview of key facts and figures – this section should use official government datawhere possible, include consideration of regional variation in China and provide a comparison to the global situation to indicate the position of China in relation to the world/region. Further consideration needs to be given to the specific data to be used, based on availability and source. Some options include:Number of young people and projected number in next 20 and 50 yearsAverage age of pubertyAverage age of marriageAverage age of first sexual experienceKnowledge of contraceptive methodsUse of contraception, including emergency contraceptionAbortion rateRate of repeat abortionsKnowledge of STI preventionHIV prevalencePrevalence of common STIsAdditional data to be collected according to ICPD and MDG 5b indicators3.National Response in China – this section should include an overview of relevant laws,policies and services4.UNFPA Position on ASHR – this section should include a summary of the UNFPA globalFramework for Action on Adolescents and Youth5.UNFPA Response in China – this section should provide an overview of key youth SRHinterventions supported by UNFPA in China6.References6. Reporting and accountabilityThe production of this material will be managed by UNFPA Deputy Representative. The successful institution will liaise with UNFPA through the ASRH focal point at UNFPA. The UNFPA data focal point and the UNFPA Assistant Representative on Advocacy will also serve as contacts for this task.The leading member of the successful institution will be held accountable for the quality of the deliverables and for providing regular progress updates.7. Profile of institution requiredThe institution must have expertise in the field of youth SRH and have a team of experts with skills in data collection and tabulation, data analysis and report writing.8. Consultancy fee and travel expensesThe total budget for the publication development should be no more than USD5, 000, involving the following items:1.Data search and tabulation2.Data analysis3.Report writing4.Miscellaneous and operational costsIt is expected that the team leader will meet face-to-face as necessary with the relevant UNFPA staff. Where the team leader is based outside of Beijing, a round trip air ticket to and from Beijing and taxi fares will be reimbursed at actual costs upon submission of used ticket stub and receipt. A daily allowance of 150RMB will also be provided for each day in Beijing for up to two days. Accommodation costs will also be covered by UNFPA.9. Useful reference materialFor guidance on publication design /structure: Aging – Facts and Figures 2006 and Sex Ratio – Facts and Figures 2007 by UNFPAYoung People’s Sexual and Reproductive Health in China: Policy Review by UNFPASexual and Reproductive Health of Young People in China: Literature and Project Review 2003 - 2007 by UNFPAUNFPA Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) Adolescent Data Guides -/adolescents/dhs_adolescent_guides.html10. Application processInterested institutions/research teams should e-mail an application to Ms Jin Hua, Programme Assistant, (jin@) by 6pm, Wednesday 26 August.The application should include the following:1. A cover letter addressing the strengths of the institution/research team with regards tothe Terms of Reference.2. A list of research team members and their CVs.3. A financial proposal detailing the budget and timeframe.。

相关文档
最新文档