高中英语常用短语及句型归纳.doc

高中英语常用短语及句型归纳

1．高考高频动词短语

（1）act短语：4

act as 担任……职务，起……作用act for 代理（某人职务），代为（处理某事）act out 表演（对话、故事等）act up 捣乱，出毛病

例如：

I acted as an interpreter while I was in Xiamen.

Mr. Black is acting for the old man in his case. (布莱克先生代那个老人处理他的案件。) The children were acting out the story of the birth of Jesus.

He’s a tough kid and he acts up a lot.

（2）break短语：11

break away 摆脱，脱离break away from …脱离……，奋力挣脱……

break down 出故障，坏掉，中止，累垮，分解

break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入break into …闯入……，破门而入

break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止

break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发

break out in tears 突然大哭break the rule 违反规定

break through 突围，冲跨break up 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开

例如:

The thief broke away from the police, but was later caught.

If you keep on working like that, you’ll break down sooner o r later.

The car broke down just on my way here.

If anyone tries to break in, the alarm will go off.

If anyone tries to break into the building, the alarm will go off.

She broke off a bit of bread and dipped it in the soup.

I broke off the conversation and answered the phone.

Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out?

It may take a long time to break through the problem.

In spring the icebergs begin to break up.

（3）bring短语：18

bring about 引起，导致，使发生bring along 把……带来，领来

bring back 拿回来，使恢复bring sb back 送回某人

bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒

（比较：sth / sb come back to life 复苏，苏醒）

bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下

bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价[比较：(the price ) go down / up 价格下降/上涨] bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收

bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进

bring out 拿出，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出bring to 使苏醒

bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用

bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施……（比较：sth come / go into effect 开始实施）

bring up 抚养，培养，哺育

例如：

A huge amount of environmental damage has been brought about by the destruction of the rainforests.

You’re welcome to bring along a friend.

The government hopes these measures will help to bring down inflation (通货膨胀).

American country music brings in more than $10 billion each year.

This new kind of technology was brought in in the early 1980s.

Stress can bring on (=lead to / result in) headaches and other illnesses.

Jenny opened the cupboard and brought out a couple of bottles.

He was brought up by his grandparents.

（4）call短语：12

call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地）[比较：call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人）] call back 回电话call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人call / shout for help 呼救call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话

call off 取消call on / upon 号召

call out 大声呼喊，叫喊call sb…for short 简称某人……

call sb names 谩骂某人call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召

例如：

We called at Mike’s house yesterday.

All ships sailing on the oceans call for help by radio in English.

I’ll call for my uncle at Beijing Railway Station.

Let’s call in a doctor for the little girl.

Many of these songs called on / upon the workers to take up the struggle.

I shall call on him tomorrow.

I heard somebody calling out to me from downstairs.

Call me up tomorrow; my number is 536291.

Your letter calls up the days when we worked together fifteen years ago.

Due to the bad weather, the sports meeting has been called off.

（5）come短语：31

come about 发生，产生come across 偶然相遇

come along 来，随同，进展，加油come at …向……袭击

come back 回来，想起来，复活come down 下来，下落，传下

come down to…到达，从一处来到另一处

come for…来拿，来取come from…来自，出生于

come in 进来，进入come into being 形成，产生

come into use 使用起来come off 脱落，从……离开

come on 过来，跟我来，加油，来吧，赶快

come on / upon sb / sth 偶然遇见，偶然碰上，偶然发现

come out 露出，出来，出现，出版，发（芽），（花）开

come over to…过来，顺便来访，从一个地方来到另一个地方

come round / around （非正式）来访，串门

come to …来到，出现，提及，达到，共计，结果是，苏醒

come to an end 结束，终止come to know 逐渐地知道come to life （变得）活泼，苏醒过来come to light 显露，为人所知come to oneself 苏醒过来，恢复知觉come to / into power 当权，上台come / go to ruin = fall into ruin 变成废墟come to terms with…甘心忍受come true 变为现实，成为事实come up to sb 朝某人走来come up 被提出，上来，走来，上升，抬头，长出来

come up with …提出，想出（主意），找出（答案），赶上

例如：

A number of educational reforms have come about as a result of the report.

I came across an old friend of mine in the street the other day.

Your English is coming along really well.

Come along / on! Don’t give up yet!

Come along / on! We’re all waiting for you!

Suddenly, he came at me with a knife.

Now, let’s come back to what I was saying a moment ago.

It is impossible for a dead animal to come back.

Snow was coming down so thickly that I could hardly see through the window. The airplane came down in that field.

Where does the film star come from, do you know?

Mr Smith came in in a hurry, book in hand (= with a book in his hand).

The law first came into being in 1912.

By the time he came to / into power in 1951, he was already seventy.

How long is it since the electronic computer came into use?

The button came off, but he didn’t notice it.

There is no doubt that the truth will come out one day.

The trees turn green and flowers come out.

This magazine comes out once a month.

Why don’t you come around / round for lunch?

Some day you’ll come to know the mistakes you have made.

If they don’t come to a decision by midnight, the talks will be abandoned.

I’ve forgotten her name, but maybe it’ll come to me later.

The bill came to ￡480 in total.

His dream of becoming a film star came true at last.

A child came up to me and showed me the way.

The same problems came up at the meeting yesterday.

They came up with the same problems at the meeting yesterday.

Searching through the drawer, I came upon the letter I’d been looking for.

（6）cut短语：9

cut away 切除，剪去cut down 砍倒，砍下，削减

cut in 插嘴，加塞，插入cut in line 插队

cut … into pieces / halves 把……切成碎片/切成两半

cut off 切断（线路），中断（供应）cut out 删除，剪下来

cut the cost of … 降低……的成本cut up 切碎，剪碎，剁碎，齐根切掉例如：

He cut away some branches, making it look more beautiful.

A lot of trees there were cut down in the past.

The electricity was cut off because of the storm.

He was sentenced to death and had his head cut off the next day.

Could you cut the pizza up, please?

（7）do短语：31

do about 处理，应付do and don’t 要与不要

do a good deed 做一件好事do a lot of walking 走很多路

do a test 做实验，做化验do a word puzzle 猜字谜

do an experiment / experiments 做实验do away with 废除

do body-building 做健身操do chores 处理琐事，干家务

do housework 做家务活do make-up 化妆，打扮

do observations 观察do one’s best 尽某人最大努力

do one’s homework 做作业do research on… 从事……研究工作do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙

do sb honor = do honor to sb 礼遇某人，对某人表示敬意

do sb the favour to do sth 帮某人一个忙做某事

do some reading 读书，阅读，看点书

do some shopping = go shopping 购物，买东西

do sports = have / play sports = take exercise 进行体育运动，做运动，进行锻炼do sth in turn / by turns = take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事

do telephone interviews 进行电话采访do the laundry 洗衣服

do up 打扮，梳妆，收拾，把（衣服，鞋子等）扣/系好

do up one’s shoes / hair 系好鞋带/梳好头do up the button 扣纽扣

do well / better in…在……方面干得好/更好do with 处理，处置，对付do wrong 做坏事，做错事（比较：do right = do the right thing 做得对）

例如：

To tell the truth, I don’t know how to do with him.

I’ll have nothing to do with him from now on.

What did you do with that camera you found?

The poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.

Eat more fruit; it will do good to you.

I think I can do better in English this year than last year.

Liszt said, “You’ve done wrong, but I can see you are truly sorry about it.”

I’m going to do my best this year.

I was only trying to do a good deed.

（8）get短语：72

get a better understanding of China 更好地了解中国

get a full mark / full marks 得满分get a lot of satisfaction 得到满足

get at 意指，本意是get around = get about 四处走动，活动

get away 移走，拿走，逃脱，逃离get away from 逃脱，逃离

get back 回来，回家，取回，找回，退还

get close to 接近get down 下来，降下

get down on one’s knees 跪下get down to (doing) sth 开始（做）某事）

get in 进入，收获，达到get in a word 插话

get into…进入……get sb into…使某人陷入

get it 接（电话），应（门），理解，懂得get off 下车，脱下（衣服等）

get on 上车，过活get on / along with…进展，与……相处

get on one’s feet （艰难地）站立起来get out 离开，出去

get out of 逃避，避免get over 克服，恢复，原谅

get up 起床，起身get across 理解，度过

get through 接通（电话），完成（工作），通过（考试）

get to 到达，抵达get to sleep 入睡，设法睡着

get / gain / take possession of 占有，拥有，占领

get ready for 为……做准备

（比较：be ready for = be well prepared for = be in preparation for 为……做好了准备）get rid of 除掉，去掉get sb to do 让某人做

get the idea for… 想到……的主意get the message across 传播信息

get together 相聚，碰头，联欢

get / be used to sth 习惯于……，适应于……

（比较：be used as sth 被用作……

be used for sth 被用于……，用来做……

be used to do sth 被用于做……

used to do sth 过去常常做）

get / be dressed 穿衣服get / be engaged (to sb) （与某人）订婚

get / be lost 丢失了，迷路get / be married (to sb) = marry (sb) （与某人）结婚get / be stuck 陷进去，被困住，被难住，遇到困难

get / be tired of 对……感到厌倦，对……失去兴趣

（比较：get / be tired for 因……而感到疲倦）

例如：

I’m getting on well with my classmates now.

How are you getting along with your English?

He got the book away from her.

The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.

When did you get back from the countryside?

Have you got back the book you lent him?

“Get down on your knees,” said the Genie, “for I am going to kill you.”

The dust has got into my eyes.

This mistake may get him into difficulties.

Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits.

If you knock into someone, or get into his way, you should say, “Excuse me.” or “I’m sorry.”

When you are in London, you might get in touch with a friend of mine.

The conductor got off and checked the rails.

She got on her bicycle and cycled off.

You work too hard! You should get out a bit more.

If you don’t want to go, I suppose I can get rid of the ticket.

We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time.

It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs(海关).

I telephoned him, but I just couldn’t get through to him.

She felt so cold that she got close to her mother.

It’s time we got down to work.

The theatre was already full, and we couldn’t get i n.

The peasants are busy getting in the crops.

We didn’t get up until lunch time.

He got up and walked over to the window.

（9）give短语：20

give away 赠送，给予，背弃，泄露，分发

give back 归还，送回give in 投降，让步，屈服

give off 释放，发出，放出(烟、光、热等)

give out 用完，耗尽，分发，发放give over = hand over 转交，移交

give up 放弃，辞去give a concert 开音乐会

give a description of… 描述……give / make a speech 演讲，讲话

give a talk 演讲，做报告give birth to 生婴儿，生产，造成

give close attention to 密切关注give medical care to sb 对某人进行治疗

give shade in summer 夏天时遮阳give / lend sb a hand 给某人帮助

give sb a message = give a message to sb 给某人捎个口信

give sb a second look 再看某人一眼give sb a warm welcome 热烈欢迎某人

give sb some advice on sth / doing sth / how to do sth 就……向某人提出建议/忠告

例如：

In those days, he used to give away a part of his income to help his friend.

Remember not to give it away to anyone else; it’s a secret.

Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give in.

If they are burned, they will give off poisonous gases.

When they made ready to climb the next ridge (山脊), they found that their oxygen had given out.

Our English teacher is giving out the test papers.

Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride.

All hope of finding the missing aircraft was given up and the search stopped.

Mary had to give up her job after her marriage.

Mr Black will give us a talk on how to learn English well this afternoon.

Could you give us some advice on reading?

If you won’t have it changed, please give my money back.

（10）go短语：54

go abroad 出国go about 四处走走，开始做，着手干

go about from house to house 挨/逐家拜访 go against 违反，违背

go ahead 说吧，干吧，领先，走在前面go / walk around 四处走走

go away 走开，离去go back 回去

go beyond 超越go by 走过，经过，（时间）消逝，过去

go down 下来，落下，倒下go down on one’s knees 跪下

go for 为……去，努力获取，主张，适用于

go for a hike = go hiking 去徒步旅行

go for a job interview 去面试找工作go for a walk / walks 散步

go for sb 对某人也一样go in for 参加，喜欢

go into 详细调查go into details 细说

go off 走开，离去，（闹钟）闹响go off to = be off to = leave for 动身去

go off the air 停止广播（比较：go on the air 开始广播）

go on 发生，进行，继续go / be on diet 在节食

go on (a) holiday 去度假go on a tour to 去……观光（游览）

go on a visit to 去……访问（参观）

go on doing sth 继续做某事（同一事）

[比较：go on to do sth 继续做某事（另一事）

go on with sth 继续某事]

go out 熄灭，出去，外出go over 复习，过一遍，仔细检查，审阅

go past 从……的旁边过去go up 上升，上涨，增长，攀登

go with… 与……相配

go without 忍受没有……之苦，没有……也行，没有……也能勉强应付

go shopping / fishing / sailing / camping / skating 去购物/钓鱼/驾船航行/宿营/滑冰

go straight along 沿着……一直往前走

go through 通过，经受，浏览，仔细检查 go through with 完成

go to bed （上床）睡觉go to school / work 上学/上班

go to sea 当水手go to sleep 入睡

go to town 进城go to a movie 去看电影

go to the country(side) 下乡go home / there 回家/去那儿

go to see a doctor 去看病，去看医生go bad 变坏

go wrong 出毛病，不对头，做错事，误入歧途

go Dutch 各付各的帐，平摊费用

例如：

No one dared to go against the rules.

—Do you mind if I open the window? / Do you mind my opening the window?

—No, go ahead.

I went away /off wondering if I’d said anything wrong.

I’m afraid the fish has gone bad.

Things will get easier as time goes by.

He went by quickly, taking no notice of us.

If you really want the job, go for it!

Close all the doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows.

I go in for all the competitions.

After a short pause, Maria went on with her story.

Suddenly the candle went out.

Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.

Let’s go over what we learned last period.

Do you want me to go through this and check your spellings?

Unemployment in that country has gone up by a million.

It is possible to go without food for a few days.

Something’s gone wrong with my watch; I must have it repaired.

（11）have短语：60

have a break 休息一下have a bright future 有一个灿烂的未来

have (got) a cold / cough / headache / fever 感冒/咳嗽/头疼/发烧

have a conversation with sb 与某人交谈

[比较：have a dialogue with sb 与某人对话

have a talk with sb (about sth) （就某事）与某人进行交流

have a word with sb = would like a word with sb 和某人谈几句，跟某人说句话] have a gift for… 对……有天赋（比较：have a reputation for… 有……名誉/名声）have a good flight （坐飞机）旅途愉快

have a good knowledge of …对……很熟悉，通晓……

have a good laugh over…对……笑了个够

have a good / great / wonderful time = have (great) fun 玩得（非常）高兴，过得愉快have a / the habit of …= be in a / the habit of…有……的习惯

（比较：get into / form the habit of…养成……的习惯

get sb into the habit of… 使某人养成……的习惯）

have a hit 风靡一时have a large population 人口众多

have / take a look 看一看have a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会have a nice / pleasant trip / journey 祝旅途愉快

have (got ) a pain (in the…) （身体某部位）痛

have a part-time job 做兼职工作have a (good) rest 休息

have / take a seat 坐下（比较：have / t ake one’s seat 坐某人的座位）

have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼have a sweet tooth 喜欢吃甜食

have a swim 游泳have a table tennis match 举行一场乒乓球比赛have a test 进行测验have a try 试一试

have / show an appetite for… 有……的欲望或爱好

have / make an appointment with sb 和某人有预约, 和某人有约定

have an effect on / upon…对……有影响，对……产生作用

（比较：influence… = affect …对……有影响

have no effect / influence on … 对……没有影响

have a good / bad effect on …对……有好/坏影响

have a great / little effect on … 对……有很大的影响/影响不大

have a strong influence on… 对……有很大影响）

have / take an exam 参加考试have an eye for 有眼力，有眼光

have an income of … 有……的收入

have access to … 使用（接近……的）权利或机会

have breakfast / lunch / supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭

have lessons / classes 上课

have mercy on… 宽恕……，对……仁慈，对……表示怜悯

have no chance of surviving 没有生存的可能性

have no choice but to do sth 别无选择，只好做某事

have none of … 根本不理睬……have on 穿着

have sth on sb 某人身上带着某物have / take one’s medicine 服药，吃药have some difficulty / trouble / problems with …在……有困难/麻烦事

[比较：have some difficulty / trouble / problems (in ) doing sth 做某事有困难/麻烦] have something / nothing in common (with…) （与……）有共同点／没有共同之处（比较：have much / a lot in common with…与……有许多相同之处

have little in common with…与……几乎没有相同之处）

have something / nothing to do with … 与……有关／无关

have to = have got to 不得不，必须

例如：

Class is over. Let’s have a break.

I’ve got a cough.

Dad and I had a good laugh over that.

They are having a good time.

He stopped to have a look.

We are going to have a table tennis match tomorrow afternoon.

Are we going to have a meeting this week?

Here is a tree. Let me have a rest.

Are you going to have a swim？

We’ll have a test tomorrow.

Where is Peter? I want to have a word with him.

Does she have lunch at home？

Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.

He knew about the order, he knew why the soldiers were there, but he would have none of it.

We have four lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.

Most of his questions have nothing to do with his lessons.

I noticed that he had on bedroom slippers.

Please come here and have my seat, Granny.

He hasn’t h ad any medicine.

At three fifty in the afternoon we have sports.

（12）hold短语：8

hold a meeting / party 开会/举行晚会hold back 退缩，踌躇，阻挡，控制住hold one’s breath 屏息，不出气hold on 等一等，不要挂电话

hold on to 抓住，保住hold out 伸出，坚持下去，维持

hold up 阻挡，使停顿，举起，拿起，阻滞hold together 连在一起，团结一致

例如：

Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.

—Could I speak to Mr Smith? —Hold on, please.

The little boy held out his hands.

I think water supplies won’t hold out much longer.

Sorry, I’m late. I was held up at wor k.

（13）keep短语：32

keep away from 避开，别靠近keep back 隐瞒，忍住，阻止……向前，留下keep down 控制keep off 勿踏，勿踩

keep off sb / sth 不接触或不接近某人/某事物

keep on 继续进行keep out 不得入内

keep…out 把……挡住，把……留在外面keep out of …不进入……

keep up 继续，保持，坚持，使（情绪等）不低落

keep up with… = catch up with…跟上，赶上

keep a date 赴约keep a healthy diet 保持健康的饮食

keep a record / records 保持记录keep an eye on 注视，留心，注意，照顾

（比较：keep an eye out for 注视，留心，注意）

keep busy doing 忙着做某事keep fit 保持健康

keep…in mind = learn…by heart = remember…把……记住

keep (on) doing sth 继续不停地做某事

[比较：keep sb doing sth 使某人一直/继续做某事

keep … from doing 阻止……做，不让……做

stop / prevent… (from) doing 妨碍/预防/阻止……做，不让……做] keep one’s appointment 守约（比较：break one’s appointment 违约）

keep one’s balance 保持平衡keep one’s word(s) 遵守诺言

keep safe 保持安全keep silent over …对……保持沉默

keep the same look 保持原貌keep watch 保持警戒，站岗

例如：

I would have been here sooner, but the rainstorm kept me back.

Every week there was a rebellion（造反）somewhere, and the Austrian soldiers were kept busy hurrying from one town to another in order to put down the rebellions.

While Leonov was outside the ship, he kept in touch by telephone with his companion and with the earth.

He kept on telling us the same story over and over.

You may depend on his doing what he says, for he is a person who always keeps his words.

Danger! Keep out!

Will this overcoat keep the rain out?

It is also bad manners to keep silent when the teacher asks you a question.

The rain kept up all night.

I see you are getting along well with your English studies. Keep up the good work.

The good news keeps our spirits up.

He walked so fast that I could hardly keep up with him.

Every few hundred meters along the wall there are watch-towers, where soldiers used to keep watch.

There is a sign there saying, “Keep off the grass.”

（14）knock短语：5

knock at /on 敲打（门、窗等）knock down 把……撞倒，击倒

knock into 撞到，撞上某人，偶然碰见knock sb out (of sth) 淘汰某人

knock over 撞翻，撞倒

例如：

We knocked at / on the door but there was no one there.

He was in hospital last night after being knocked down by a car.

Tom entered the classroom hurriedly and knocked into Mr. White.

He almost knocked into me before he realized it.

If no one answers the front door, try knocking at the back door.

（15）look短语：24

look at 看着，注视，检查

look at oneself in the mirror = admire oneself in the mirror 照镜子

look after 照顾，照料，照看look ahead 向前看，展望未来

look around / about 四处看看，四下环顾look back 回首，回忆，回顾过去

look back on…回顾……，回忆……

look forward to sth /doing sth 盼望，期盼某事物/做某事

look for 寻找，找look in 来访，参观

lo ok into… 往……里面看，浏览，调查，研究look (right) into sb’s eyes 直视着

look like…看起来像……（比较：look the same 看起来像）

look on 旁观，观望look out = be careful = take care 留神，当心，注意，警惕，提防look out for 警惕，留心，找出来look over…翻阅，（仔细）检查

look through 看透，仔细查看，浏览，翻阅，温习

look up 仰视，往上看，（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查寻

look up to sb 敬仰，仰望，尊敬（比较：look down on / upon sb 瞧不起，鄙视，轻视）look / be worried 看上去/感到担心

例如：

The boy is old enough to look after himself.

He spent two weeks in Shanghai, looking around / about the city.

We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.

Join us. Don’t just look on.

They all looked on him as a member of their family.

Look out! There is danger ahead.

I shall look out that I don’t trust him again.

He looked through his notes before writing the report.

Look through these photographs and try to pick out the man you see.

I must look up the time of your train.

A fox came to the tree and looked up at the cock.

I’ve always looked up to Bill for his courage and determination.

（16）make短语：52

make into 制成，作成（后面跟产品，制成品）

[比较：be made in 在……生产/制造

be made of 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（物理变化）

be made from 由……组成/构成，用某种原材料制成（化学变化）

be made up of = consist of 由……组成，由……构成]

make out 理解，看清楚

make up 化妆，打扮，和解，配制，编造，虚构，构成，组成

make up for 弥补，补充，补偿made up one’s mind 下决心

make a choice 做出选择make a commitment 承诺，保证

make a comment / comments (on / upon…)（对……）发表评论

make a (great) contribution to… 为……做出（巨大）贡献，为……捐款

make a decision 做出决定make a (no) difference （没）有关系/影响

make a face / faces 扮鬼脸make a fire 生火

make a film / blockbuster／follow-ups 拍电影/巨片／续集

make a fool of sb = fool sb 愚弄某人（比较：make fool of …愚弄）

make / leave / create a good impression (on sb) （给某人）留下好印象

make a mistake / mistakes 犯错误

make (a) noise 制造噪音，发出令人不愉快的声音

make a note / notes of… 记录，做笔记，记下来

make a plan (for… ) （为……）制订计划，制订一个（……的）计划

make a point of doing sth 认为做某事重要或有必要

make a promise 承诺make a record 录制唱片，做记录

（比较：record a song 录一首歌

set a world record 创造世界记录）

make (a) suggestion (on …) 提出（关于……）的建议

make a telephone call 打电话make / take a trip / journey to … 去某地旅行make conversation 交谈make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵

make friends with sb 与某人交朋友make fun of…取笑，嘲笑，和……开玩笑make it（事业上）获得成功

make jokes about sb 拿某人开玩笑，以某人为笑柄

make mistake about… 犯了……错误make / earn money 挣钱

make oneself at home 不拘束，别客气make oneself known 使/让自己出名

make one’s way to…往……走去make progress (in …) （在……方面）取得进步make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通make sense of… 弄懂……的意思

make sth to (one’s own) measure （按自己的尺寸）定做

make sure 确保，确认，查明

make the adjustment to… 适应……make the / one’s bed 整理床铺

make (full) use of …= make the most / best of … (充分)利用

例如：

Bamboo is also made into paper.

Our desks and chairs are made of wood.

The paper for books and newspapers also is made from wood.

This engine is made up of 490 parts.

The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.

These days many girls make up when they are still quite young.

She made up a good lunch from bits and pieces.

There isn’t any little girl called Kitty here. He has just made her up.

Hard work can often make up for lack of intelligence.

Everyone should make full use of time.

But wait till you see what we’ll make for you to your own measure.

I have made up my mind, and nothing you say will change it.

They made fun of my mistakes when I tried to speak English.

（17）pass短语：9

pass away 去世，死（委婉说法）pass by 通过，从旁边经过

pass down 传下来，流传，使世代相传，一代一代传下去

pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人)

pass on from one generation to the next 一代代流传下来

pass out 失去知觉，昏厥pass through 穿过，越过

pass sth from one to another 把某事物从一人传到另一人手上

pass the examination 通过考试

例如：

Dr Johnson passed away last night.

They all waved to us as they passed by.

The tradition has been passed down from father to son for generations.

She said she’d pass the message on to the other students.

I nearly passed out when I saw the blood.

（18）pay短语：8

pay attention to … 对……注意，留心……

pay a visit to sb / a place 访问，拜访（某人），参观（某地）

pay back 偿还（借款），报答，报复

pay for 付款，付费，付代价（比较：pay a high price for … 付高价）

pay off 还清（欠款）pay sb a visit 拜访某人pay the bill 买单，付帐单例如：

He promised to pay the money back by Friday.

The old in our city don’t need to pay for transport.

After ten years of hard work he paid off all his debts at last.

（19）pick短语：2

pick out 挑选，认出

pick up 拾起，接收，学会（语言），开车去接，康复，购买（便宜商品）

例如：

His story was picked out as the best by the judges.

The phone rang and I picked it up.

I’ll pick you up at the station.

I managed to pick up an American news broadcast.

After a short break they picked up the topic they talked about earlier.

I picked up the unusual stamp by accident.

I picked up a few words of Greek when I was there last year.

（20）put短语：18

put away 将某物收拾起来，存钱，储存，存起来

put down 扑灭，平息，镇压，记下

put forward 提出，建议，推荐put off 延期，拖延

put on （戏）上演，放（唱片），穿戴put on a performance 演出

put out 扑灭，熄灭，使……停止燃烧，伸出，出版，生产

put up 挂起，张贴，举起，抬起，搭起，建立

put up with 忍受，容忍put into 使进入，输入，投入

put／translate…into 把……译成put one’s heart into…全神贯注于……

put sb in / into prison 把某人关进监狱put …to use 使用……，运用……

put a date to sth 注明日期

（比较：set / fix the date 确定日期to date 到目前为止）

put an end to … 结束……put …together 把……放在一起

例如：

We put away the tools before we leave the workshop.

All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the influenza epidemic（流感）.

Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.

We are putting the play on again next week owing to its success.

The firemen soon put the fire out.

The doctor told me to put out my tongue.

It’s time that we put up the Christmas decorations（装饰物）in the living room.

Drop your weapons and put your hands up.

Another supermarket has been put up near our house.

I can’t put up with a lot of noisy p eople when I am working.

The government is putting more money into education this year.

As students, we should put our heart into studies.

（21）send短语：7

send away 让走开send for sb 派人去请某人，请某人来

send in 寄送某处进行处理send out 派遣，发出（信号、通知等）

send up 发射，射出，往上送send sb to sleep 让某人睡觉

send signals by … 通过……发送信号

例如：

Get back into bed. I’ll send for the doctor.

The ship is in danger; it is sending out an SOS signal.

The rocket will be sent up tomorrow morning.

（22）set短语：16

set about (doing) sth 着手，开始set aside 留出，搁/放在一边

set down 放下，记下set off 出发，起程，引起爆炸，激起，引起set out (for…) 出发往（……），动身去（……）

set out to do 开始做，着手做set up 创立，设立，开办，竖起，支起

set /give a (good) example to…为……树立（好）榜样

set a goal 设定目标set fire to sth = set sth on fire 纵火，放火烧set foot on / in… 踏上……，到达，进入set one’s mind to do sth 一心想做

set sail for 起航去……set sail from 从……起航

set sb a good example in … 在……为某人树立榜样

set sb free 释放某人，解放某人

例如：

As soon as she arrived, she set about tidying up（整理）the room.

Try to set aside some time each day for exercise.

They’ve set off on a trip round the world.

Together the four men set out to look for the lost animal.

He set out to write a history of civilization（文明）.

We’ll certainly set up a complete modern industrial system.

A few scarecrows（稻草人）were set up in the field.

Let’s set up the tent first, and build the fire later.

The police are trying to find out who set fire to the building last night.

He was set free after three years in prison.

Comrade Lei Feng set a good example to us all.

（23）stand短语：7

stand by sb = support sb = take sb’s side 支持某人

stand for 代表，表示，象征，容忍，支持/拥护，为……的候选人

stand out 突出，显眼stand up 起立，站起来

stand still = stay still 站着不动

例如：

CPC stands for the Communist Party of China.

Stand still, and let me take a picture of you.

（24）take短语：71

take after 与某人相像take along 带领，携带

take … apart = separate … 把……分开take away 拿走，拿去，使离开

take away from… 从……带／拿走take back 退回，拿回，收回

take down 拿下，记下，记录take for…当作……，误以为是……

take in 吸收，接纳，上当

take off （飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣帽/鞋），成名，成功，很快上升，开始流行/畅销take on 呈现take out 拿出，取出take over 继承，接管，接替

take up 从事，开始，专注于，占去（时间、空间、地位等）

take a bank loan 向银行贷款take a bath 洗澡

take a chance / chances 碰运气，冒险

take a critical attitude towards…对……持批判态度

take a few deep breaths 深呼吸take / have a degree in … 取得……学位

take a hands-on approach to education 通过动手实践的方式来进行接受教育

take a message (to sb) （给某人）捎个口信

比较：leave a message (to sb) （给某人）留个口信

take a photo (of …) （给……）照相，拍（……）照片

take a risk / risks 冒险take a shower 沐浴，洗澡

take a sip 呡一小口take a taxi to... = go to ...by taxi 乘出租车

take a walk / ride / holiday 散步／兜风／休假

take (an) interest in … 对……感兴趣

（比较：be into = be interested in 对……感兴趣have / show interest in 对……感兴趣）

take advantage of 对……加以利用

take … by surprise 对……突然袭击，出乎……意料

take care 小心, 注意take care of 照顾，照看

take effect 生效，奏效take exercise 运动，活动

take … for example 以……为例take / get / catch hold of 握住，抓住take it easy 放心好了，别着急，从容，不紧张

take ... into consideration 顾及，考虑到，体谅

（比较：under consideration 在考虑中，在研究中）

take lessons 上课take notes 做笔记，做记录

take notice of 注意

take one’s seat 就座，坐在自己位子上（转义为就职）

take one’s time 从容，不急，慢慢行动[比较：take time 花费（时间）]

take part 参加

（比较：take part in… = join in… = participate in…参加……

take an active part in…积极参加……）

take place 发生，出现，举行

[比较：take th e place of … = take sb’s place取代，代替（某人的位置）]

take pride in …= be proud of… 对……感到自豪

take responsibility for … = be responsible for … 对……负起责任

take sb in the arms 拥抱，搂抱

take / hold / keep sb prisoner 囚禁/俘虏某人

（比较：sb be taken / held / kept prisoner 某人被囚禁/俘虏）

take sb seriously 看重某人

take sb some time to do sth 花费某人……时间去做某事

take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温take sth along with sb 随身携带某物take shelter 躲避

take sides with sb in sth 在某事上支持/偏袒某人

take steps / measures / action to do sth 采取措施做某事，采取（……的）行动take turns to do sth / in doing sth 轮流做某事

例如：

I’m sorry. I’ll take back what I said.

Take care! The car is coming.

My plane takes off at 11:00 sharp.

We can’t have such a big table in this small room. It takes up too much room.（25）think短语：9

think about 思考，考虑（是否去做）

think of 想到，想起，认为，对……有看法/想法

think out 想出think over 仔细考虑

think through…思考……直到得出结论think up 提出，想出，设计出

think twice 再三考虑，仔细考虑

think highly / well of = speak highly of = sing high praise for 对……高度评价

例如：

I’m sorry. I can’t think out your name.

When I was in the States, I often thought of my friend Li Hua.

Think it over, and you’ll find a way.

（26）turn短语：16

turn against 转而反对，背叛turn around / round 转身，转过来

turn … away 赶走……，辞退……，把……打发走

turn on 打开（灯，气，水，电器等）turn off 关掉（灯，气，水，电器等）

turn up 把音量开大，卷起，翻起，发生，出现，到达

turn down 关小/调低（音量／热度），拒绝

turn over 把……翻过来，翻动，犁翻（土地），细想

turn in 交进，上缴，归还turn into 变成

turn…into…把……变成……，转变成turn to…转向……，向……求助，查阅

turn out 结果是，生产turn out to be 被证明是, 结果是

turn right / left 向右/向左拐turn writer = become a writer 成为作家

例如：

Those who were once for him have turned against him.

Turn in everything captured（缴获的）.

I’m going to turn my garage into a playroom for the children.

Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room.

Shall I turn on the bath water for you?

He turned the meat over in the pan（平底锅）.

They always turn to me when they are in trouble.

His attention turned to the pretty young girl.

Turn the radio down a little. I can scarcely hear the program.

He turned the coat collar（衣领）up because of the wind.

Something will turn up to get you out of the difficulty.

2．以介词或副词为中心的动词短语（便于强化记忆）

（l）动词+about 8

speak／talk about 谈论think about 思考care about 关心，对……有兴趣bring about 引起，使发生set about 着手，开始

come about 发生hear about 听说worry about 为……担心

（2）动词+at 18

aim at 向……瞄准，旨在run at 冲向，向……攻击call at 拜访(地点) tear at 用力撕look at 看，注视work at 干……活动（研究）come at 向……袭击shout at 冲(某人)嚷嚷stare at 凝视

glare at 怒视glance at 匆匆一瞥laugh at 嘲笑

knock at 敲（门、窗等）point at 指向mile at 冲（某人）笑

strike at 向……打击14

die away 逐渐消shoot at 向……射击wonder at 惊讶

（3）动词+away put away 收拾起来，存起来pass away 去世

wash away 冲走take away 拿走give away 背弃，泄漏send away 让走开turn away 把……打发走wear away 磨掉，消耗throw away 扔掉blow away 吹走carry away 拿走，使入迷clear away 清除掉，消散break away 摆脱

（4）动词+back 7

keep back 隐瞒，忍住hold back 控制住give back 归还

call back 回电话take back 拿回，收回look back(on) 回顾（5）动词+down 13

cut down 削减，砍倒put down 记下，写下，镇压take down 记下，记录turn down 调小，拒绝slow down 慢下来pass down 传下来calm down 平静下来burn down 烧毁tear down 拆毁，拆除come down 下落，传下break down 坏了，垮了，分解

bring down 使……降低，使倒下settle down 安家

（6）动词+from 10

die from 因……而死hear from 收到……来信learn from 向……学习differ from 与……不同suffer from 受……苦result from 由于separate…from 把……分离开keep／stop／prevent…from 不让……做date from=date back to 始于……时期，追溯到

（7）动词+for 18

run for 竞选ask for 要求得到beg for 乞求

wait for 等候look for 寻找call for 需要，要求hunt for 寻找long for 渴望care for 关心，喜欢seek for 寻找come for 来拿，来取apply for 申请

stand for 代表，表示search for 查找change…for 用……换charge…for 收费，要价take…for 误以为……是hope/wish for 希望得到（8）动词十in 15

get in 收获，进入fill in 填写cut in 插入

join in 参加look in 来访，参观hand in 上交

drop in 拜访give in 让步take in 接纳，吸收call in 召集，来访bring in 引进，使得到收入break in 强制进入，插话result in 导致succeed in 在……获成功persist in 坚持

（9）动词十into 7

run into 碰到look into 研究，调查，往里面看burst into 闯入，进发

turn into 变成change…into 把……变成divide…into 把……分成

put／translate…into 把……译成

（l0）动词+of 10

die of 死于talk of 谈到hear of 听说think of 想到

dream of 梦到speak of 谈到consist of 由……组成

approve of 赞成complain of 抱怨become of 发生……情况，怎么啦

（l1）动词+out 29

go out 熄灭set out 出发，着手try out 试用，试验

put out 扑灭run out 用完let out 泄漏，发出(声音)pick out 选出

hold out 坚持下去wear out 穿破，使……疲劳make out 理解，看清楚

keep out(of) 使不进入，挡住find out 查出，弄明白work out 算出，想出办法等send out 发出，派遣give out 散发，分发，用完look out 当心，提防

hand out 散发，分发help out 救助turn out 结果是，生产

come out 出版，出来cross out 划掉burst out 进发

carry out 执行break out 爆发point out 指出

figure out 算出bring out 阐明，使表现出leave out 省略，删掉

speak out 大胆讲出

（l2）动词+over 10

go over 审阅，检查，研究get over 克服run over 压死，看一遍

take over 接管，接替turn over 翻倒，细想fall over 跌倒，摔倒

roll over 翻滚look over 翻阅，检查think over 仔细考虑watch over 看守，照看（l3）动词十to 20

add to 增添get to 到达see to 处理，料理turn to 向……求助，查阅

come to 共计，苏醒lead to 导致，通向reply to 答复refer to 谈到，涉及，参阅bring to 使苏醒agree to 同意object to 反对point to 指向

write to 写信给relate to 理解，同情，涉及，（与……）有关attend to 处理

belong to 属于supply…to 为……提供devote…to 贡献给

stick／hold／keep to 坚持，忠于compare…to 与……相比，把……比作

（l4）三词以上的短语动词27

do well in 在……干得好make up for 弥补look down on / upon 轻视

break away from 摆脱keep away from 避开，别靠近do away with 废除

put up with 忍受catch up with = keep up with 赶上fill up with 用……装满

go on with 继续get on / along with 和……相处

look forward to 盼望look up to 仰望，尊敬

add up to 总计live up to 依据……行事；做到；不辜负（期望）

get close to 接近get down to 认真开始

set fire to 放火烧pay attention to 注意pay a visit to 访问

take / get / catch hold of 握住run out of 用完get out of 逃避，避免

take notice of 注意take a photo of 拍……照片

take the place of 取代set an example to 为……树立榜样

3、其他常用短语（按字母表顺序）

（1）Aa 256

a balance diet 均衡饮食 a best-seller 畅销书

a bit = a little = a little bit 少许，一点儿，有点儿，稍微

a bit of 一点，少量（修饰不可数名词）

[ 比较：a few 一些，少量（修饰可数名词）

a great deal of 许多（修饰不可数名词）

a great / good many = scores of 许多，大量（修饰可数名词）

a handful of 一把，少量的，少数（修饰可数或不可数名词）

a large / great amount of = large amounts of 许多（修饰不可数名词）

a large quantity of = large quantities of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）

a lot of = lots of 许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）

a mass of = masses of 大量，许多（修饰可数或不可数名词）

a (large / great) number of = large / huge numbers of 大量的，许多（修饰可数名词）

plenty of 大量的，很多，足够的（修饰可数或不可数名词）

a bunch of flowers 一束花 a cloud of 一团

a couple of 一对/双，两三个，一些，几个

a couple of days / weeks 两三天/周 a cup of 一杯

a day or two = one or two days 一两天 a deserted island 荒岛

a healthy diet = a diet of healthy food(s) 健康的饮食

a highly-developed country 高度发达的国家

a kind of 一种，一类 a laid-off worker 下岗工人

a large sum of money 一大笔钱 a length of … 长……

a list of 一张……的清单 a live concert 现场直播的音乐会

a natural disaster 自然灾害 a packet of 一盒，一捆，一包

a pair of 一双，一副 a piece of 一件，一块，一张

a row of 一排，一行 a series of 一系列的，一连串，一套

a set of 一套，一副 a shortage of teachers 教师资源的缺乏

a third of = one third of 三分之一 a total failure 一个彻底的失败者

a total of 总数（量）为 a two-day trip 一次两天的旅行

a variety of = varieties of = various 种种的，种类繁多的

a waste of (time) 白费(时间)，浪费(时间) a man of name 知名人士

a world of magic and wonders 充满魔力和神奇的世界

after all 毕竟，终究after a short while 不久以后，没多久

after a time 一段时间以后after class / work / school 下课/下班/放学之后all alone = all by oneself 独自，独立all at once = all of a sudden 突然，忽然

all day = all day long 全天，终日all in all 总共，总的来说

all kinds / sorts of 各种各样的all night long 整夜，通宵

all one’s life 终身，一生all over 到处，遍及，结束

all over the world / country = throughout the world / country 整个世界/全国

all right 好吧，行了，（病）好了all the best 祝一切顺利，万事如意

all the same 一样，同样的all the time 一直

all the way 一路上，一直all together 一起，总共all (the) year round = all through the year= throughout the year 一年四季，一年到头

an invitation to… 一张……的请柬/请贴an expe rt on … ……方面的专家

as a consequence / result 结果，因此

as a consequence / result of 作为（……的）结果，由于……的结果

as a whole 普遍来说，作为整体as … as 像，如同

as … as possible = as…as one can 尽可能……地

as far as （表示程度，范围）就/尽……（=so far as），远至

as far as I know 就我所知，据我所知as follows如下（用以列举事项）

as if = as though 好像，似乎，仿佛（比较：even if = even though 虽然，即使，尽管）as long as 只要（= so long as引导条件状语从句），长达

as much / many as 多达as soon as 一……就……

as soon as possible 尽快，尽可能早地as to / for 至于，关于，就……而言

as usual 像往常一样as well 也/还有(= too)，同样地，例外

as well as = together with = and 也，以及，和，还，而且

as with ... 也一样，就像……

at all 根本（否定句），到底（疑问句），竟然（条件从句）

at a loss 茫然，不知所措at an early age 年轻时

at any moment / time 随时

[ 比较：after a moment = after a while / minute 过了一会儿

a moment ago = just now 刚才，不久以前

a moment later 片刻之后

at the moment = at the time 此刻，现在，在那时

at the very moment 就在那一刹那

for a moment = for a while / minute 一会儿

for the moment = for the time being 暂时，目前

in a moment = in a while /minute / second 过一会儿，立刻，马上

the moment / minute (that) ... 一……就……]

at any risk 不顾一切

[比较：at risk 处于危险中

at the risk of (doing sth) 冒着（可能做某事）的危险

take / run a risk / risks 冒险

risk one’s life (to do sth) 冒着生命危险（做某事）

risk doing sth 冒险做某事）]

at birth 出生时，一生下来就at breakfast 在吃早饭

at hand 近在手边，在附近at home 在家

(at) home and abroad 在国内外at last 终于，最后

at length 最后，终于，详细地at midnight 在半夜

at night 在夜里，天黑时at noon 在中午

at once = right away = right now 马上，立即

at one go 一口气at present = at the present time 现在, 目前

at sea 在海上，航海中，茫然

（比较：by sea 乘船by the sea 在海边in the sea 在海里on the sea 在海面上）at stake 在危险中at such a great height 在如此高的高度

at table 在吃饭（比较：at the table 在桌前）

at times 偶尔，有时

（比较：at that time 那时

at the same time = meanwhile 同时

at the correct / wrong / best time of year 在一年里合适/不合适/最佳时候）

at various academic levels 不同的学术层次

at war 处于战争/交战状态at work 忙于工作

at the age of ... 在……岁的时候at the art festival 在艺术节上，在艺术节期间at the base 在底部

at the (very) beginning of ... 在……开始时，在……之初

at the bottom of 在……下端/底部at the cost of 以……为代价

at the end of 在……末端，到……结束时

at the foot of 在……的脚下at the front desk 在前台，在服务台

at the head of 在……最前面at a high /low price 以高/低价

at the latest 最迟

at (the) least 至少[比较：at (the) most 最多]

at the mercy of 任由……摆布/控制，在……的掌握中

at the opening /closing (ceremony) of ... 在……开/闭幕式上

at the rate of 以……的比率at the side of 在……的旁边

at the speed of 以……速度（比较：at full / high speed 高速）

at the top of one’s voice 大声地at the weekend 在周末

accept … as… 认为……是……，承认……是……，把……当作……

[比较：regard … as… 认为……是

treat … as…把……当作

recognize … as… 认为……是……

view / see / know … as… 认为……是……

consider … as … / consider … (to be…) 认为……是……

look on … as… 视……为

refer to … as… 把……视为

think of… as… / think … (to be…) 认为……是……]

accept sb’s apology 接受某人的道歉

accuse sb of sth / doing sth 指控某人为……/ 做某事

achieve one’s goal 达到目的achieve success 获得成功

act as 担任，充当adapt to （改变以）适应

adapt oneself to 使自己适应于adapt to the new environment 适应新环境add to 增加，添加add …to… 把……加到……上

add up 加起来add up to 总计达到

adjust to （调整以）适应adjust to these extreme conditions 适应极限条件admire sb as… 钦佩某人是……

admire sb for… 钦佩某人的……，因……钦佩某人

advance the deadline 提前最后期限advance towards…朝……前进

advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事

agree with sb / sb’s opinion / sb’s idea 同意某人（意见，看法），与某人看法一致

[ 比较：agree on sth 对……达成共识

agree to (the plan) 同意（计划等）]

aim at 向……瞄准，旨在，针对allow for 顾及，为……做准备

answer for…对……负责

apologize to sb (for sth) = make an apology to sb (for sth) （因某事）向某人道歉

appeal to 有吸引力，呼吁，上诉appeal to their emotions 投合他们的喜好apply for 申请，请求apply to 应用，适用

appoint sb as…任命某人当……approve of 赞成

argue about 争论某事argue with sb about sth 因某事和某人争执/争论arrive in / at 到达某地ask after sb 问候某人

ask for 要求得到ask for a day off 请一天假

ask for a leave 请假associate…with… 把……与……联系起来attach to 加在……之上，使喜爱，使依恋，参加，附着

attempt to do sth 试图做某事attend school / university 上学/上大学

attend the meeting 出席会议attend to 处理，照顾，关照，倾听

attract / draw / call sb’s attention 吸引某人注意

above all 首要的是，尤其是according to 根据

action film / movie 动作片advanced mathematics 高等数学

again and again 一次又一次，一再，反复

against the wall 靠着墙

ahead of…优于，超过，比……早，在……的前面

alarm clock 闹钟along with…和……一起

and so on 等等and things like that ……之类的东西

another day 改天any more 再，又

apart from 除……都，除……以外

around the corner 在拐角处，即将来临

（比较：on the way = in store 即将来临draw near 即将来临，就要来临，逼近）（2）Bb 236

be after 寻找，追踪，追求be /act against 违背，违反，反对

be from 从……来，是……人be next to 在……隔壁，紧挨着……

be off / leaving 离开be out （灯火）熄灭，（人）外出

be out of 没有，用完be up 起床

be up against 面对be up to sb 由某人决定

be up to sth 忙于某事，从事于be upon 逼近，临近

be anxious about … 为……而忧虑/着急/担心

（比较：be anxious for … 渴望，非常希望

be concerned about / for… 为……而忧虑/着急/担心

be concerned about / with… 对……关切/关注/感兴趣）

be careful about / of / with sth 注意，留意，当心

[比较：be careful (not) to do sth 小心（不）做某事]

be clear about 对……清楚be crazy about 对……着迷

be curious about = have the curiosity about 对……感到好奇

be excited about 对……感到兴奋be particular about 对……挑剔

be amazed at 为……感到惊讶be experienced at 对……有经验

be present at 出席be shocked at 对……感到震惊

be common for 对……来说是很普通的

be eager for … = long for… = be dying for… 渴望得到……

（比较：be eager to do sth 急着想做某事）

be famous for 因……而闻名，由于……而出名

（比较：be famous as 作为……而闻名be famous to 对……来说很出名）

be fit for = be suitable for 适合

be good / bad for sb 对……有好处/坏处

（比较：be good at 善于……，擅长于……，在……方面做得好

be good to sb 对某人友好

do good to sb = do sb good 对某人有好处

do harm to sb = do sb harm = harm sb = be harmful to sb 对某人有害，伤害某人）be honored for… 因……受到尊敬be intended for 为了

be late for 迟到（比较：be late with sth 某事做得晚）

be to blame for 因……受到责备be carved in rock 被刻在岩石上

be caught in (a rain / a traffic jam / the earthquake) 突然/偶然遇到（雨/交通堵塞/地震）

be confident in 在……方面自信be effective in 在……方面有效

be fluent in (a language) 在（某一门语言）方面很流利

be lost in = lose oneself in 沉浸于，沉醉于be poor / low in 在……方面不足

be quick in mind and action 思维敏捷行动迅速

be rich / high in 在……方面丰富be set in 以……为背景

be strong in heart and mind 意志坚强，头脑聪明

be trapped in 被困在……（比较：be trapped by 被……所困）

be afraid of = be terrified of 害怕，恐惧（比较：be afraid to do 害怕去做，不敢做）

be ashamed of 为……感到羞愧/惭愧be aware of 意识到，知道

be fond of = care for = like = enjoy 爱好，喜欢

be full of = be filled with 充满了，装满be jealous of 嫉妒

be short of = be lacking in 缺乏，缺少be sure of / about 对……有把握

be uncertain of / about 对……没把握be accustomed to (doing) sth 习惯于……

be addicted to 沉溺于be loyal to = be faithful to = be devoted to 忠诚于

be opened to 向……开放

be reduced to 30% 减少到百分之30%（指最后的结果）

[比较：be reduced by 30% 减少了百分之30%（指与原来相对而言）]

be similar to 与……相似，与……相像be angry with sb for sth 因某事生某人的气be armed with 以……武装be burdened with 为……所累

be busy with sth 忙于某事

（比较：be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

be occupied with sth 忙于某事

be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事）

be covered with / by 被……所覆盖be crowded with 挤/塞满了……

be diagnosed with 被诊断为

be equipped with 具有，装有……设备，为……做好准备

be faced with 面临……，面对……be familiar with 对……很熟悉

be fed up with 对……感到厌倦be honest with 对……诚实

be mean with 对……吝啬

be pleased / satisfied with 对……感到满意

（比较：be content with 对……感到满意，满足于……

be content to do sth 愿意做某事）

be popular with 受到……的欢迎be pressed with 被刻印/铸压上

be strict with sb 对某人严格要求（比较：be strict in sth 对某事严格要求）

be surrounded with / by 被……围绕be about to do sth 正要做某事

be delighted to do sth 高兴做某事

be determined to do = determine / decide to do sth 决心做……

be due to do sth 预定/到期应该做某事（比较：due to sth 因为/由于……）

be forced to do sth 被迫做某事be free to do sth 任意去做，悉听尊便

be likely to do sth 很有可能做某事be supposed to do 被认为/被期望/应该做某事be willing to do = like to do 愿意做某事be able to do 能，会

be absent from 缺席，旷课be asleep 睡着（比较：be awake 醒着）

be awarded a Nobel Prize 获得诺贝尔奖

be badly off 潦倒，贫困（比较：be well off 富有）

be badly treated 受到虐待be born 出生，出世

be / become endangered 频临危险

be in contact with 与……有交往

（比较：make contact with 与……联络

lose / break contact with 与……失去联系

lose touch with = be out of touch with 与……失去联系

be in touch with = stay / keep in touch with 与……保持联系

get in touch with = get into contact with sb 与……取得联系

bring … into touch with 使……接触，使……认识

keep track of…与……保持联系，了解……的动态，记录……）

be in possession of = take possession of 持有，拥有，占有，占领

（比较：be in sb’s possession = be in the possession of sb 被某人占有/拥有come into sb’s possession 被某人占有/拥有）

be in the charge of 在某人的掌管下，由某人经营/照顾

（比较：be in charge of 掌管，管理，照顾）

be mentally disturbed 精神失常be of benefit 有利的，有好处的

be of (no) effect 有（无）效

be of different sizes / weights / shapes 大小不一/重量不同/形状各异

（比较：be of the same size / weight / shape 大小/重量/形状相同）

be of great importance / value 非常重要，有重要性

be of high / good quality 高质量的（比较：be of poor quality 质量糟糕的）

be of (no) use 有（无）用be on good terms (with sb) 与某人关系好be stressed out 紧张的，有压力的be upset 沮丧，伤心

be well received 很受欢迎be (well) worth doing（很）值得做

[比较：be worthy of sth / of being done / to be done 值得（做）……]

by accident = by chance 偶然地, 碰巧，意外

by air / boat / bus / train 乘坐飞机/小船/公共汽车/火车

by and by 不久以后，逐渐地by appointment 按约定

by choice 出于选择（比较：for choice 要选就选）

by day / night 白天/ 晚上by fax 通过传真

by force 靠武力by hand = with one’s hands手工

by law 根据法律by mail 通过邮寄

by means of (doing) sth 通过，借助于……手段

（比较：by all means = in all ways 不惜一切

by no means = in no way 决不，一点也不

by this means = in this way 用这种方法）

by mistake = in error 由于错误或疏忽，错误地

by weight 按重量计算（比较：by the hour / day 按小时/天计算）

by the end of 到……结束为止，到……底为止

by the nearest exit 从最近的出口出去by the side of 在……附近

by the time 到……的时候（后接状语从句）

by the way 顺便说，顺便问一下

[ 比较：by way of … 经由，经过, 通过……的方法

in a way = in one way = in some way 在某种程度上

in no way 决不, 一点也不

in the / sb’s way 挡道，妨碍

in this / that way 以这种/那种方式，这样／那样

in … way = in the way of 以……的方式

this / that way 这样/那样（直接做状语）

on one’s way here / there / home (adv.) 在（到这里/去那里/回家）的路上

on one’s way to doing sth 即将做某事

on one’s way to someplace (n.) 在去某地的路上

on the way 在路上，在来/去的行进中

on the way home 在回家的路上，即将来临

out of the way 不挡道

feel one’s way 摸索着道路（前进）

figh t one’s way 挣扎着前进，经（奋斗或努力）开路或获得（某事物）

find one’s way to 设法找到去……的路

lose one’s way 迷路

make one’s way to 朝……走去

push one’s way 挤过去

struggle one’s way 艰难地行进]

base on sth 以……为基础（比较：be based on / upon 以……为基础）

beg for 乞求become of 发生……情况，怎么啦

believe in 信赖，信任，信仰(真理，宗教，原则)，支持，赞成

bend over 弯腰，俯身

benefit from = profit by / from 从……吸取教训，从……中获益

blow away 吹走blow out 吹灭

blow the fire off 熄火，把火吹灭brush one’s teeth 刷牙

build up 逐步建立，增进，增加，加强，扩大

burden sb / oneself with sth 加负担于某人/ 自己

burn down 烧毁，烧成平地burn down… to the ground 把……烧成平地burn up 消耗，烧掉burst into 闯入，突然破门而入

burst into sth = burst out doing 迸发，突然而猛烈地产生某种情况

（比较：burst into laughter = burst out laughing 突然大笑起来

burst into tears 眼泪夺眶而出

burst into cheers 突然欢呼）

burst out (doing ) 迸发出来，突然开始（做）

bed time 就寝时间Beijing Opera 京剧

before long 不久以后（比较：long before 很久以前）

belong to sb / sth 属于某人/某事below / above zero 零度以下/上

body building 健美body language 身势语

boiled water 开水both … and … 两个都，既……又……

business hours 营业时间bus station / stop 汽车站/公共汽车站

but for 如果不是，倘若不是

Better late than never. 迟做总比不做好。

（3）Cc 80

calculate the distance between… 计算出……的距离

calm down 平静，镇定can’t help but do sth 忍不住做某事

can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事，情不自禁做某事

carbon dioxide 二氧化碳card games 纸牌游戏

care about 对……感兴趣，关心，担心

（比较：care for 喜欢，关怀，照顾，照料

care for sb to do sth 愿意某人做

care to do sth 愿意做）

carry away 拿走，使入迷carry off 夺走，携走

carry on 继续进行，坚持下去carry on research 进行研究

carry out (an experiment / a plan / an order / a survey) 开展或执行（实验/计划/命令/调查）cast away 抛弃catch a glimpse of 瞥见

catch fire = be on fire 着火，开始燃烧

catch / find sb doing sth 发现/发觉某人正在做某事

cause damage to… 对……造成破坏cell phone 移动电话，手机

centre on / upon… 将……当做重点或中心

（比较：centre / concentrate / fasten / fix / focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中于）

chain stores 连锁店change A for B 用A换B

change A into B 把A变成B，把A转换成B

change one’s mind 改变主意charge… for 收费，要价

charge sth with… 使某事物充满……（情感）（比较：be charged with 充满……）

chat on line 网上聊天check in 登记，报到

check out 查明，核查，结帐check information 审核情况

cheer sb on 为某人加油cheer sb up 使某人高兴起来，使某人振作起来

chemical factory 化工厂child laborer 童工

Christmas card / tree / Eve 圣诞卡/树/前夕 classical music 古典音乐

classify … into … 把……分类成……clean out 清除，打扫干净

clear away 清除掉，消散，清除打扫，整理

clear up 打扫卫生，梳理整齐，（天气）放晴，露出喜悦的表情

close friends 密友close down 倒闭

close up （尤指暂时）关闭，使靠近close to 靠近，接近

combine…with…把……和……结合起来comment on / upon… 对……进行评论commit the / a crime 犯罪common sense 常识，情理

communicate sth to sb 使某事物被人知晓，传送某事物给某人

communicate with… 与……交流/联络compare notes 交换意见，交流看法

compare … to…把……比作…compare with … 与……相比

compete against… 与……相对抗compete for… 为……而竞争

compete in 参加（竞赛）compete with… 与……竞争/比赛

complain of 抱怨……computer / video games 电子游戏

congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事

connect to 连接，相连（比较：be connected to 与……有关系）

connect with …与……相连接

contribute to 有利于，贡献，捐款给，为……投稿

cool off 变凉，冷却，冷copy sb’s example 仿照某人，照某人的样子做cover an entire continent 覆盖整个大陆cover the events 采访事件，报道事件

create a positive / negative effect 产生积极/消极的作用/影响

cross out 划掉crowd around （许多人）围着

cultural relics / sites 文化古迹current affairs 时事

Cheer up. 振作起来。提起精神。Come on! 来！快呀！

（4）Dd 54

dance to the music 伴随音乐起舞

date from = date back to 始于……时期，追溯到

day after day 日复一日（强调重复）day by day 一天天地（强调逐渐变化）

day and night 日日夜夜地deal with = do with 处理，解决，对付

depend on / upon = rely on / upon 依靠，依赖，信赖，靠……来决定

develop a lifelong friendship with sb 与某人成为终身朋友

develop the photos 冲洗照片

devote … to…把……贡献给……，献身于……，专心于……

[比较：be devoted to (doing) sth 投身于

be devoted to sb 喜欢某人]

die away 逐渐消失，减弱（以至感觉不到），淡化

die down 逐渐降低，减弱，消失，平息

die from 因……而死，死于（除了疾病或情感以外的原因，及某种具体疾病）

die of (illness, hunger, grief, etc.) 因……而死，死于（疾病，饥饿，悲伤等情感内因）die off 一一死去，先后死去

die out = become extinct 灭绝，绝迹，消失

differ from = be different from 与……不同，区别于

dig up 挖出，掘起dining room 餐厅

dip into sth 把……放入液体中，浏览，翻阅

display one’s deep sympathy 表达某人深切的同情

distinguish A from B 显示A和B（两者）的差别，使A和B有所不同

（比较：distinguish between A and B 区别/辨别A 和B）

divide … into 把……分成，使……分隔开

divide up 分配double one’s efforts 加倍努力

dozens of 几十draw a conclusion 得出结论

draw attention to 对……表示注意draw back 后退

draw up 起草，拟定dream of 梦到

dream of / about doing sth 梦想做某事dress up 化装打扮，乔装打扮

dress up as… 打扮／装饰成……drink a toast 祝酒

drink to sb / sth 为……而干杯或祝福drive off 击退, 把（车）开走

drop by 访问，拜访drop in 顺便走访，拜访

drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人drop in at sp 顺便拜访某地

drop off 放下（某物），下车drop out (of…) （从竞赛、活动等）退出，辍学drop sb a line 给某人写短信during the day 在白天

during / in the 1980s / 1980’s 20世纪80年代

during / in / throughout one’s lifetime 在某人的一生中

（5）Ee 36

each other 互相，彼此（比较：one another 相互，彼此）

earn / make / gain a / one’s living 谋生earn / make money 挣钱，赚钱

eat up 吃完，吃光

either…or … 或者……或者……，要么……要么……

[比较：neither … nor … 既不……也不……

not…but… 不是……而是……

not only …but also… 不仅……而且……（前句用于句首时，须倒装）] end up with … 以……结束/告终

（比较：begin / start with 以……开始

close with 以……结束/告终

end up 结束，告终，最后得到……的结局/下场

end in failure / prison 以失败/坐牢而告终.

end in a tie 以平局结束）

engage to sb 与某人订婚English-speaking countries 说英语的国家enjoy equal rights 享有平等权利enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得开心

escape from 免于/逃脱……，从……泄露出

every day 每天everyday use 日常使用

every few years 每隔几年

（比较：every four years = every fourth year 每四年，每隔三年

every two years = every second year = every other year 每两年，每隔一年) every now and then 不时地ever since 从……以来，从那时起

except for 除了……之外exchange student 交换生

exist in 存在于……experience life 体验生活

experiment with 进行实验，进行试验

explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth 向某人解释某事

express oneself 表达自己的意思Excuse me. 对不起。

Everything / All goes well. 一切顺利。

（6）Ff 80

face to face 面对面(比较：hand in hand 手拉手，密切关联)

fail in doing sth 没做成某事fail to do sth 无法做某事

fall asleep 入睡（比较：fall ill 病了，患病，病倒)

fall behind （成就，成绩）落后于fall down 摔下来，倒塌

fall in love with sb 爱上某人（比较：be in love with sb 与某人相爱）

fall into 陷入，落入fall off 跌落，下降

fall over 跌倒，摔倒fall to / into pieces 垮台，崩溃，解体，倒塌

fairy tale 童话family name 姓氏

family tree 家谱fax machine 传真机

far away 遥远，很远far from… 远离……

fasten / tie … to… 把……栓/别在……上feast on sth 宴饮，尽情地享受……

feed … on 喂养，饲养（比较：feed on / upon … 以……为食）

feel down 感到闷闷不乐feel like doing sth 想做某事

feel well / terrible / better / weak 感觉好/糟/好些/虚弱

fight against 与……作斗争／打架／打仗

fight for sth 为……而斗争，争取获得某事物

fight over 为……而战，因……而争吵/争斗

fight sb / sth off 抗击某人/某事物，击退某人/某事物

fight with 与……并肩作战

figure out 理解，想明白，算出fill in 填空，填写

fill out 把……填好fill with 用……填充

fill A with B 把B装进A里，把A装满B

fill up with…用……装满

find out 获知，查明，查出，弄明白，发现，了解

fire escapes 安全梯fire exit 安全出口

first aid 急救fish farms 渔场

fit in 被他人接受，相处融洽

fit in (with sb / sth) 与（某人/某事物）相适应/相协调

fix a time / date for 为……确定时间/日期

fix up 搭起，安装，修理，修补folk song 民歌

follow customs 随俗，按照习惯follow sb’s instructions 遵从某人的指示follow / take sb’s advice 听某人的劝告follow the rules 按照规则去做

follow / take sb’s advice 听某人的劝告follow the rules 按照规则去做

for the reason 因为

for the sake of 由于，为了……的利益，为了……起见

free from 不受……的影响，没有……的

from now on 从现在开始，今后from then on = from that moment on 从那时起from … to … 从……到……from time to time 有时，不时，偶尔from one country to another = from country to country 从一个国家到另一个国家

from one generation to another 一代接一代地

full dress 盛装further education 进修，深造

（7）Gg 15

gain weight = put on weight 发福，增加体重，增肥（比较：lose weight 减肥）gas station 加油站generally speaking 总的来说，一般来说gift money 压岁钱given / first name 名字

glance at 匆匆一瞥glare at 怒视

graduate from… 毕业于……greenhouse effect 温室效应

green tea 绿茶grow up 生长，长大

grow up to be…长大后成为……Good luck! 祝你好运！

Good morning / afternoon / evening! 早上/下午/晚上好！

（8）Hh 36

had better (do) 最好（做）hand down 流传下去

hand in 交上去，提出，面交hand out 散发，分发，发放

hang on 等一等，别挂电话hang up 挂断电话

hang out （俚语）闲逛

harmony with others 与其他人和睦相处，与其他人相处和谐

hear about / of 听说，知道hear from sb 收到某人来信

heart and soul 全心全意地here and there 各处，处处，四处

help sb out 救助，帮助某人解决困难，帮助某人摆脱困境

help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事high school 中学，高中

hit sb on the head / in the face 打某人的头部/脸部

hold／keep / stick to 坚持，忠于hold together 连在一起，团结一致home cooking 家常做法home village 家乡

hope / wish for 希望得到，对……怀着希望

host the Olympic Games 主办奥运会hour after hour 一小时又一小时

how many / much 多少（可数名词）/多少钱（或不可数名词）

how far 多远how long多久

how often 多久一次，多常how old 几岁

human being 人，人类hundreds of 几百，成百上千的

hunt animals 狩猎hunt for = search for 搜寻，寻找

hurry up 赶快，快点Hands up. 举起手来。

Help oneself to sth 请随便吃。How are you? 你（身体）好吗？

How do you do! 你好！How is it going? 情况怎么样？

Here you are. 给你。（比较：There you are. 你来了。）

（9）Ii 136

ice cream 冰淇淋iced tea 冰茶

ice skating 滑冰ID card 身份证

if necessary = if it is necessary 如果需要的话

if only 要是……就好了（常用于虚拟语气）

impress on sb 给某人留下好印象

（比较：be impressed by / with 对……留下印象）

in a few days = in a few days’ time 几天后

in a flash 立刻，很快，立即in a good mood 心情好

in a hurry = hurriedly 匆忙地in a row 一个接一个地，连续不断地in a slightest 一点也，根本in a … state 处在……的状态/情况下in a straight line 沿着直线in a very short while 马上，立刻

in a whisper 小声地in a word 总之，简言之，一句话

（比较：in other words 换句话说，换言之

in one’s own words 用自己的话说）

in an act of revenge 作为报复in all = in total = altogether 总共，总之

in class 在课堂上in common 共同，共有

in condition = in good health 身体好，身体健康

（比较：out of condition = in poor health身体不好

in bad / good condition 处于坏的/好的状态）

in darkness 处于一片漆黑

in danger 处于危险中

（比较：out of danger 脱离危险

in danger of 面临……的危险）

in debt 欠债in demand 有需要的

in detail 详细地in disorder 混乱

in English 用英语（表达）

in fact = in reality = as a matter of fact事实上，实际上

in general 一般说来，通常in history 在历史上

in hospital / prison / church 住院/坐牢/做礼拜

in … order = in order of 按顺序

in order to do = so as to do 以便，为了，为的是（so as to do不置于句首）

in peace = peacefully 安静，宁静in public 当众，公开地，公然，在公共场所in return 作为回报（比较：in turn 转而，反过来，轮流）

in silence 安静地，无声地in society 在社会上

in space 在太空（比较：in outer space 在外层空间，在外太空）

in store 贮藏着，准备着，就要来到

in style 流行的，时髦的

（比较：out of style = out of fashion = out of date 过时的

come into fashion = be in fashion 流行的）

in surprise / astonishment 吃惊，惊讶地

in time 及时（比较：on time 准时）

in trouble 处于困境中in use 在使用中

in vain 徒劳，白辛苦

in chains（指囚犯）用链锁住的，不自由，被囚禁

in ruins 成为废墟in tears 哭泣，掉泪

in other aspects 从其他方面

（比较：in terms of 就……而言

in large amounts 大批地，大量地

in the eyes of 在……看来)

in anxiety of 担心，担忧

in case of 假使，以防

（比较：in case 万一，以免

in that case 既然那样，假若是那样的话）

in front of 在（某人/某物）前面

（比较：in the front of 在……的前部

in front 在前方，在正对面）

in honour of 出于对……的敬意，为庆祝/纪念……

in praise of 称赞，赞赏in search of 寻找

in spite of = despite = regardless of 尽管，不管

in view of 鉴于，考虑到，由于in want / need of … 需要，缺少……

in agreement with 与……意见一致in conversation with 与……谈话中

in harmony with 与……协调in relation to 与……有关的

in reply to 回答，答复，回应in exchange for 交换，互换

in the direction of 朝……的方向（比较：in all directions 四面八方）

in the form of 以……的形式in the heart of 在……的中心/核心部分

in the hope of (doing) sth 抱着（做某事）的希望

in the name of 以……的名义，代表（比较：name … after 给……取名，命名）

in the process of 在……的过程中in the day / daytime 在白天

in the end = at last = finally = eventually 最后，终于

in the future 在未来，将来（比较：in future 以后，今后）

in / during / over the last / past ten years 在过去的十年

in the past = in the old days 在过去in / during the rush hour 在交通高峰期

in ancient / modern times 在古代/现代in the air 在空中

in the open air 在户外in the rain 在雨中，冒雨

in the shade 在阴凉处in the sun 在太阳下

in the wild 在野外，在自然环境下in one’s (personal) opinion 依某人之见

in one’s teens 十几岁时in one’s youth 年轻时

information desk 问讯处

instead of…代替……，而不是……，作为……的替换（比较：rather than 而不是）insist on sth / doing sth 坚持某事/坚持做某事

intend to do sth 打算做某事

intend sth for … 把某物供给……用（比较：sth be intended for… 供……用）

involve sb in… 使某人参加，使某人陷入……（困境），使某人牵涉到……

（比较：be involved in… 参与，有关联，忙于某事）

It depends. =That / It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。

I d are say…. 我认为……。我估计……。I’m sorry. 对不起。

（10）Jj 12

join hands 携手，联手，合伙join in 参加，加入

join sb (in doing sth) 和某人一起做某事join the line 排队

join up 联合起来

judge sb by sth 依据某事物判断某人，断定，认为（比较：be judged by 靠……来判断）

junk food 垃圾食品just as 恰如

just now 刚才，现在just so-so 一般

just then 正在那时

（11）Kk 4

kick the habit 戒除某嗜好kind of 稍微，有点儿

know about 对……了解know of 听说过

（12）L 50

labor force 劳动力lack of sleep 缺少睡眠

later on 后来，随后，以后laugh at 嘲笑，讥笑

lay down one’s life 献出生命lay off 解雇，不理会，使下岗

lay the table 摆桌子

lead / have / live a cosy / an active life 过着舒适的/活跃的生活

lead sb to do sth = cause sb to do sth 使某人做某事

lead to = result in 通往，导致learn about… 了解，学习有关……知识

learn …(all) by himself = teach …oneself 自学……

learn from…向……学习，从……中学习

leave alone 不管，不打扰，不理会，随……去

leave behind 忘带，留下leave out 省略，删掉，不考虑

leave sb by himself 把某人独自留下

leave sb where he / she is 把某人留在原地 leave school 离开学校，辍学，毕业

less than 少于，不足let down 不支持，使失望，使沮丧

let in 放进，让……进来let out 放掉，泄露，发出(声音)

lie down 躺下lie in 在于，位于

lie to sb 对某人撒谎light bulb 电灯泡

light a fire 点火light up 照亮，使放光彩，点上（烟）吸起来limit … to … 把……限制在……listen to 听……

little by little 逐渐地live in poverty 生活在贫困线上

live life on the go 过着忙碌的生活

live on 以……为主食，靠……谋生，继续存在，继续活着

live one’s dream = try to realize one’s dream 努力实现梦想

live through 活过，经过（困难，危险）之后仍旧活着

live up to 依据……行事，做到，不辜负（期望）

live up to sb’s expectation = meet sb’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望

live with 忍受，与……一起住

lock sb up 将某人监禁起来，将某人锁于某处不得进出

lose control = be out of control 失去控制

lose heart 失去信心，泄气，灰心lose one’s life 牺牲某人的生命

lose one’s sight / voice 失明/ 失声Let me see. 让我想想。

（13）Mm 27

major in 主修，专研match …with … 把……和……相配

main course 主菜man-made satellite 人造卫星

means of transport 交通方式medical care 医疗保健

midfield player 中场球员Middle East 中东

millions of 成百上千万miss one’s turn 错过

mistake / take A for B 错把A当成B mix up 混合在一起

mix …with … 把……和……混合mobile phone 可移动电话

morning paper 晨报movie stars 电影名星

more and more 越来越多more or less 或多或少

more than = not only 不仅，不只，多于，十分

（比较：more A than B 与其说B，不如说是A

no more than = only 仅仅，只不过

not more than 不超过，至多）

most of 大多数

multiply … by … ……乘以……musical styles 音乐风格

My goodness! 天啊！

（14）Nn 17

native language = mother tongue 母语 neck and neck 并驾齐驱，不分上下，不相上下next time 下次next to 紧接着，相邻，在旁边，次于

nine out of ten = nine in ten 十分之九no doubt 无疑地

no longer / more = not…any longer / more 不再，已不

no matter 不论……，无论……not as / so… as 不像，不如

not at all = not a bit 一点也不，绝非（比较：not a little = very much 很，非常）

not later than 不迟于not …till / until… 直到……才……

now and then 偶尔，时而now that 既然

Nice to meet / meeting you. 很高兴见到你。

（15）Oo 66

obey / break the rules 遵守／违反规定obey / observe the law 遵守法律

object to 反对occur to sb 使某人突然想到

offer advice about / on … 提出关于……的建议

of course 当然of late = lately 最近，近来

of one’s own 属于自己的（比较：on one’s own = by oneself 独自，单独地）

on a large scale 大规模地，大范围地on a team 在一队/组，加入一队/组

on (an / the) average 平均，按平均计算on an open fire 露营

on all sides 在各方面，到处on and on 不停地，不断地

on condition that = if 如果on board 在（船/飞机）上

on business 出差

on display 展览，陈列[比较：on show 展出，在上演（放映）]

on duty 值日，值班on earth 在地球上，究竟

on end 直立，竖立on foot 步行

on holiday 在度假on purpose = by accident 故意地

on sale 上市，出售，廉价出售，减价on watch 值班，守望

on the air 正在播出的on the contrary 相反地，反之

on the front page 在头版on the go 奔波，忙忙碌碌的，四处奔走

on the Internet 在互联网上on the march 在游行

on the phone 在通话，用电话交流on the point of 就在……的时候

on / over the radio 通过收音机on the top of 在……的顶端

on one’s arrival / return （某人）一到达/回来

on (the) one hand…, on the other hand … 一方面, 另一方面

once in a while 偶尔，有时once more / again 再一次

once upon a time 从前，很早以前one day （过去/将来）有一天，某一天

one after another 一个接一个one by one 一个一个地，逐一

one-child policy 独生子女政策opera house 歌剧院，艺术剧院

open up 打开，开启，开创，开辟，开设，开放

operate on sb 给某人动手术opposite to 在……对面

or else 否则，要不然or rather 或者

or so 大约，……左右ought to 应当，应该

out of 由……里面向外，在……之外out of breath 上气不接下气

out of danger 脱离危险out of order 运转不正常，出毛病

out of work 失业out of one’s reach 够不着

over and over again 多次，反复地，一再over there 在那边

owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 把……归功于，感谢，欠（债）

owe thanks to sb for sth 因为某事感谢某人

（16）Pp 47

parking lot 停车场pay phone （投币式）公用电话

pen friend / pal 笔友pencil case 文具盒，铅笔盒

pencil sharpener 转笔刀，削笔刀people with disabilities = disabled people 残疾人

personal affair 隐私persist in 坚持

phone number 电话号码physical education 体育

pile of (homework) 一大堆（作业），一大批，一大团

places of (great) interest 名胜pop music 流行音乐

post office 邮电局play against …同……比赛

play / act the role of sb = play sb 扮演某人的角色

play a part / role in … 在……中起作用play a trick on sb 开某人的玩笑，耍弄某人

play football / basketball 踢足球／打篮球

play the piano 弹钢琴play with 玩耍，游戏

primary school = elementary school 小学point at 指示，指向

point to 指向point out 指出，使注意prefer A to B 相比B更喜欢A prepare sth 准备

prepare for sth 为某事做好准备

prepare sb for sth 使某人为某事做好准备produce / make electricity 发电

protect sb from / against … 保护某人免受……(伤害等)

provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb 为某人提供某物

（比较：supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb 给某人提供某物

offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 为某人主动提供某物）

pull down 拆毁，拆除，摧毁，推翻pull on 随便穿上

pull out of 从……中退出，（火车）驶离车站，从……拉出来

pull sb up 把……往上拉，把……拉上来

push open 推开push (sth) over （使车船等）闪到一边

pros and cons 赞成与反对，正面和反面pretty well 相当好，几乎，差不多

（17）Qq 3

quarrel with sb (about sth) （因某事）和某人吵架/争吵

quite a few 许多，大量

quite a lot / a bit 许多，大量

（18）Rr 51

raise money for (good cause) 为（做好事）而筹款

rank high / low 排名高/排名低rank third 位居第三

rather than 宁可，而不是，非，与其……宁愿……

raw material 原料record card 成绩单

record holder 记录保持者reach out (for sth) 伸手去（拿，碰）

reach out (to sth) 伸出手以触到或抓到、拿到某物

read about 读到有关……receive / get one’s doctor’s degree 获得博士学位recommend … to sb 向某人推荐……

refer to 提到，查询，参阅，指的是，谈到，涉及，有关

relate to 理解，同情，涉及，与……有关（比较：be related to 与……有关联/关系）remind sb of sth 使某人想起某事reply to 答复

respond to 回应，反映，响应

result in 产生某种作用或结果，导致

[比较：result from 由于，（因而）发生，产生，出现]

return to normal 恢复正常ring back 给某人回电话

ring off 挂断电话，停止讲话ring up sb = ring sb up 给某人打电话

rise / come to fame 成名roll over 翻滚，倒转

round up 使集合在一起，使聚拢rock band 摇滚乐队

roller skating 滑旱冰running water 自来水

ruin sth = bring sth to ruin 使……变成废墟

run after 追赶，追求，追逐，在……之后跑

run at 冲向，向……攻击

run away 流失，逃跑，逃走，失控

run away from school =drop out of school 逃学

run for 竞选

run into / across = come across = meet …by chance = happen to meet 偶然遇见

run off 跑掉，迅速离开

run out of sth 用完…… [比较：(sth) run out 耗尽，用光，用完]

run over 压死，看一遍，跑过去run a business 做生意

run / start a restaurant 开餐馆

rush sb off one’s feet 使某人忙得不亦乐乎，使某人忙得不可开交

rush out 冲出去rush through 掠过，快速通过

（19）Ss 110

satisfy / meet the needs of … 满足……的需要

save money 存钱save sb’s life 挽救某人的生命

say “no” to … 拒绝，否认，不同意say thanks to … 向……表示感谢

say to oneself 心里想，自言自语school day 学校上课时school play 校园剧school things 学习用具school / field trip 郊游search for 搜查，寻找，查找

self rescue 自救see for oneself 自己去看，亲眼看

see sb off 为某人送行（比较：meet sb 接某人）

see to 处理，料理，照顾see to it that…= make sure that…确保，务使seek after 追求seek for 寻找

sell out 卖完，出卖sense of responsibility 责任感

sentence / beat sb to death 判处某人死刑/ 把某人打死

separate … from … 把……和……分离开

serve as 作为，当作serve in the army 服役

serve the dishes 上菜serve the people 为人民服务

settle an argument about… 解决关于……的争论

settle down 定下心来，安家落户，定居，平静下来

settle for 勉强同意，接受settle in（使）习惯（环境等），定居

settle up 付清，结账shake hands with sb 和某人握手

share (in) sth 分享share sth with sb 与某人分享……

shop assistsant 售货员short wave 短波

shoot at 向……射击

shout at (sb) 冲(某人)嚷嚷[比较：smile at (sb) 冲（某人）笑]

show off 炫耀show up 出席，露面

show respect for sb 对某人表示尊敬show sb how to do sth 教某人做某事

show sb out / in 送某人出去/ 迎某人进来

show sb to the door 带某人到门口shut down 关闭，把……关上

shut up 闭嘴silver screen 银幕

sign an agreement with… 与……达成协议

sit down = be seated 坐着，坐下sit up 熬夜

side by side 肩并肩，一起，相互支持social problems 社会问题

soft drink 清凉饮料，软饮料solar system 太阳系

soup opera 肥皂剧，连续剧so far = up till now 到目前为止