美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT 15 Religions and Faith

TEXT A Reading Comprehension
4.Reading schools would often be the single source of education for boys, whereas girls would go to the town grammar schools. 5.In Hellfire Nation, James Morone suggests that some opposing tendencies within Puritanism—its desire to create a just society and its moral fervor in bringing about that just society, which sometimes created paranoia and intolerance for other views—are at the root of America's current political landscape.
TEXT A Reading Comprehension
Read the following sentences and decide whether they are true（T) or false（F)．
1.Puritans were English Protestants who wished to reform and purify the Church of Scotland of what they considered to be unacceptable residues of Roman Catholicism.
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
5.slit [slit] vt. 撕裂；使有狭缝n. 裂缝；投币口vi. 纵裂
There will therefore be very little diffraction parallel to the edges of the slit. 因此，在平行于狭缝两端边界的方向上，几乎没有什么衍射。 6. sedition [si'diʃən] n. 暴动；煽动性的言论或行为；妨害治安 They sowed sedition broadcast over the country. 他们在全国广为散布煽动性言论。 7emigrate ['emiɡreit] vi. 移居；移居外国vt. 移民 You tell the lawyer anything about why I had to emigrate? 你告诉律师我为什么要移民过来了？ 8.explicit [ik'splisit] adj. 明确的；清楚的；直率的；详述的
TEXT A Notes
4.Alexis-Charles-Henri Clérel de Tocqueville (29 July 1805, Paris – 16 April 1859, Cannes) was a French political thinker and historian best known for his Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856). In both of these works, he explored the effects of the rising equality of social conditions on the individual and the state in western societies. Democracy in America (1835), his major work, published after his travels in the United States, is today considered an early work of sociology and political science.
1. Have a general idea of Religions and Faith. 2. Understand the history of Religions and Faith. 3. Master the difficult words and expressions.
Text A
TEXT A Notes
3.John Winthrop (12 January 1588– 26 March 1649) obtained a royal charter, along with other wealthy Puritans, from King Charles I for the Massachusetts Bay Company and led a group of English Puritans to the New World in 1630. He was elected the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony the year before. Between 1639 and 1648, he was voted out of the governorship and then re-elected a total of 12 times. Although Winthrop was a respected political figure, he was criticized for his obstinacy regarding the formation of a general assembly in 1634, and he clashed repeatedly with other Puritan leaders like Thomas Dudley, Rev. Peter Hobart and others.
America During and After World War I
TEXT A Preview
清教，基督教新教派别之一，16世纪出现于 英国,承认《圣经》为唯一权威，反对国王和天主 教的专制。1620年，102名清教徒乘坐著名的五 月花号（Mayflower）来到美洲的普利茅斯建立 殖民地，他们是英国第一批的新大陆移民，是未 来150年后美国大多数人民的祖先，他们在旅途 中签署的《五月花号公约》成为了未来《独立宣 言》的蓝图。清教徒提倡勤俭清洁的生活，希望 在新大陆上建造自己的山巅之城。同时，他们的 思想即清教主义也对北美殖民地的政治、经济、 文化等方方面面产生了深远影响并对后来美国主 流文化和价值观的形成起到了重要作用。
2. Puritan marriage choices were influenced by young people’s inclination, by parents, and by the social rank of the persons involved.
3.John Winthrop in 1630 had claimed that the society they would form in New England would be "as a city upon a hill"; and the colony leaders would educate all
美国历史文化概况（英文版）UNIT 15 Religions and Faith
CONTENTS
Teaching Aims Text A Text B Supplementing Reading
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TEACHING AIMS
After studying this unit, you are required to:
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
1.protestant ['prɔtistənt] adj. 抗议的；持异议的n. 抗议者；持异议者 A majority of Christians in America were Protestant. 而大部分美国的基督徒都属新教。 2.abhor [əb'hɔ:] vt. 痛恨，憎恶 They abhor all forms of racial discrimination. 他们憎恶任何形式的种族歧视。 3.extirpate ['ekstə:peit] vt. 使连根拔起；灭绝，破除 The police arrested dealers in an attempt to extirpate drug aBuse. 在禁毒运动中警察逮捕了很多毒品交易者。 4.confiscate ['kɔnfis,keit] vt. 没收；充公；查抄adj. 被没收的 Did the teacher confiscate your toy? 老师没收你的玩具了吗？
TEXT A Notes
1.The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches. The Church also extends to the Isle of Man via the Diocese of Sodor and Man, while the Channel Islands form part of the Diocese of Winchester, and a number of Anglican communities in continental Europe, the former Soviet Union, Turkey and Morocco are formed into the Diocese of Gibraltar in Europe.
TEXT A Notes
2.The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with more than a billion members. Its leader is the Pope who is head of the College of Bishops. The Church defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity. It operates social programs and institutions throughout the world including schools, universities, hospitals, missions, shelters and charities. The Church teaches that it is the "One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church" founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are consecrated successors of his apostles and that the Pope as the successor of St. Peter possesses a universal primacy of jurisdiction and pastoral care.