Using pathchar to estimate internet link characteristics
人类互联网对语言的影响的看法英语作文
人类互联网对语言的影响的看法英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Impact of the Human Internet on LanguageIntroductionThe human Internet, also known as social media and other online communication platforms, has fundamentally changed the way we communicate with each other. One of the most significant impacts of the human Internet is on language itself. In this essay, we will explore the ways in which the human Internet has influenced language, both positively and negatively.Positive Impacts of Human Internet on Language1. Globalization of language: The human Internet has made it easier for people from different parts of the world to communicate with each other. This has led to a globalization of language, with English becoming the dominant language of the Internet. As a result, people from different cultural backgrounds are now able to communicate with each other more easily.2. Creation of new linguistic forms: The human Internet has also led to the creation of new linguistic forms, such as emojis, acronyms, and internet slang. These new forms of language have enriched our communication and have made it more dynamic and expressive.3. Preservation of minority languages: The human Internet has also played a role in preserving minority languages. People who speak minority languages can now connect with others who speak the same language online, which has helped to keep these languages alive.Negative Impacts of Human Internet on Language1. Degradation of language: One of the main criticisms of the human Internet is that it has led to a degradation of language. With the prevalence of emojis, acronyms, and internet slang, some argue that people are no longer able to communicate effectively using formal language.2. Spread of misinformation: The human Internet has also facilitated the spread of misinformation and fake news. This can have a negative impact on language, as people may use language in misleading ways in order to spread false information.3. Loss of cultural diversity: Some argue that the human Internet has led to a loss of cultural diversity in language. As English becomes the dominant language of the Internet, other languages are at risk of becoming marginalized.ConclusionIn conclusion, while the human Internet has had both positive and negative impacts on language, it is clear that it has fundamentally changed the way we communicate with each other. As we continue to navigate the complexities of the digital world, it is important to be mindful of the ways in which the human Internet is shaping language and to strive for a balance between innovation and preservation.篇2The Impact of Human Internet on LanguageIntroductionThe development of the internet has revolutionized the way humans communicate with each other. With the rise of social media platforms, instant messaging apps, and online forums, people have more opportunities to interact with individuals from different backgrounds and cultures. This has had a profound impact on language, leading to changes in the way wecommunicate, write, and even think. In this essay, we will explore the influence of the human internet on language and discuss both the positive and negative effects it has had.Enhancement of CommunicationOne of the most significant impacts of the human internet on language is the enhancement of communication. With the ability to connect with individuals from all over the world instantly, people have been exposed to a wide range of languages and dialects. This exposure has led to the incorporation of foreign words and phrases into everyday language, creating a more diverse and dynamic linguistic landscape. Additionally, the internet has provided a platform for people to practice and improve their language skills through online language courses, forums, and conversation exchange websites.However, while the internet has made it easier for people to communicate with each other, it has also led to the simplification of language. With the rise of texting and social media, people often resort to abbreviations, emojis, and slang to convey their messages quickly and efficiently. This has resulted in a decline in writing skills, as many individuals struggle to express themselves clearly and concisely in formal settings.Influence on Writing and ReadingThe human internet has also had a significant impact on writing and reading. The rise of blogs, online publications, and social media platforms has created a demand for content that is engaging, relatable, and easily digestible. As a result, many writers have adopted a more conversational tone in their work, utilizing colloquial language and informal expressions to connect with their audience.Similarly, the way people consume written content has changed as well. With the abundance of information available online, individuals tend to skim articles rather than read them thoroughly, searching for key points and summaries. This has led to a decrease in attention spans and critical thinking skills, as many people fail to engage with complex texts that require deeper analysis and reflection.Influence on Thinking and PerceptionThe human internet has also influenced the way people think and perceive the world around them. With the constant bombardment of news, opinions, and information online, individuals are exposed to a multitude of perspectives and viewpoints. While this can lead to a more informed and nuanced understanding of complex issues, it can also result in echochambers and confirmation biases, as people tend to seek out information that aligns with their preexisting beliefs.Additionally, the internet has altered the way people process and retain information. With the ability to access a vast amount of data at any time, individuals rely more on external sources for knowledge, rather than engaging in critical thinking and independent research. This can lead to a dependency on the internet for information, making it challenging to distinguish between reliable sources and misinformation.ConclusionIn conclusion, the human internet has had a profound impact on language, communication, writing, reading, thinking, and perception. While it has provided opportunities for people to connect with others, learn new languages, and access information quickly, it has also led to the simplification of language, the decline in writing skills, and the alteration of thinking patterns. As we continue to navigate the digital age, it is essential to be mindful of the ways in which the internet influences our language and communication habits, and strive to maintain a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of online interactions.篇3The Impact of the Human Internet on LanguageIntroductionThe human internet, also known as social media, has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with each other. It has not only changed the way we communicate but also significantly impacted the way we use language. In this essay, I will explore the various ways in which the human internet has influenced language and communication.Slang and AbbreviationsOne of the most noticeable effects of the human internet on language is the proliferation of slang and abbreviations. Platforms like Twitter and Instagram have popularized the use of short forms and acronyms to convey messages quickly and efficiently. For example, phrases like "LOL" (laugh out loud) and "BRB" (be right back) have become commonplace in everyday communication, both online and offline.Globalization of LanguageThe human internet has also played a significant role in the globalization of language. Social media platforms allow peoplefrom different parts of the world to connect and communicate with each other in real-time. This has led to the blending of languages and the adoption of new words and phrases from different cultures. As a result, English, as the lingua franca of the internet, has become more prevalent and standardized.Emojis and Visual LanguageAnother important impact of the human internet on language is the widespread use of emojis and visual language. Emojis are pictorial symbols that convey emotions and expressions, allowing users to communicate non-verbally. They have become an integral part of online communication, especially among younger generations. Emojis not only enhance the emotional content of messages but also help bridge the gap between different languages and cultures.Informal vs. Formal LanguageThe human internet has blurred the lines between formal and informal language. On social media platforms, people tend to use a more casual and conversational tone, often sacrificing grammar and punctuation for brevity and speed. This has led to the normalization of informal language and the acceptance of unconventional linguistic styles. While this may promoteinclusivity and accessibility, it also raises concerns about the erosion of proper language usage and standards.Creativity and InnovationDespite its drawbacks, the human internet has also sparked creativity and innovation in language use. Memes, viral trends, and online communities have given rise to new words, phrases, and expressions that reflect the changing dynamics of online culture. Internet slang, in particular, has become a unique form of self-expression and identity, allowing users to create their own language codes and communicate in ways that are both playful and meaningful.ConclusionIn conclusion, the human internet has had a profound impact on language and communication. It has facilitated the spread of slang and abbreviations, promoted the globalization of language, popularized emojis and visual language, blurred the lines between informal and formal speech, and fostered creativity and innovation in language use. While these changes may have both positive and negative consequences, it is clear that the human internet has reshaped the way we speak, write, and interact with each other in the digital age.。
用英语写互联网对语言的影响作文
用英语写互联网对语言的影响作文The Impact of the Internet on LanguageIntroductionThe internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with each other. With the rapid growth of social media platforms, online forums, and messaging apps, the internet has become an integral part of our daily lives. As a result, the way we use language has also been significantly influenced by the internet. In this essay, we will explore the impact of the internet on language and communication.1. Changes in Language UsageOne of the most noticeable effects of the internet on language is the emergence of new words, acronyms, and slang. With the rise of social media platforms such as Twitter and Instagram, where character limits are imposed, users have developed creative ways to communicate concisely. This has led to the popularization of abbreviations and acronyms like "lol" (laugh out loud) and "omg" (oh my god).Moreover, the internet has also popularized memes, which are humorous images, videos, or text that are shared and modified by users. Memes often involve the use ofunconventional language and grammar, which has contributed to the evolution of internet slang. For example, phrases like "I can't even" and "sksksksk" are commonly used in memes and have since entered mainstream language.2. Globalization of LanguageThe internet has facilitated the globalization of language by connecting people from different parts of the world. With the click of a button, we can communicate with someone on the other side of the globe in real-time. This has led to the exchange of language and culture, as people adapt and incorporate words and phrases from other languages into their own.Social media platforms have also played a significant role in promoting multilingualism. Many users are now comfortable communicating in multiple languages, as they interact with people from diverse backgrounds online. As a result, the boundaries between languages have become more fluid, leading to the creation of hybrid languages and code-switching.3. Influence on Writing StyleThe internet has had a profound impact on writing style, particularly among younger generations who have grown up using social media and messaging apps. With the prevalence ofemojis, gifs, and stickers, communication has become more visual and expressive. As a result, many people now incorporate these visual elements into their written communication, adding a new dimension to language.Furthermore, the internet has reshaped the way we consume and produce written content. Blogs, vlogs, and online publications have created new opportunities for individuals to share their thoughts and ideas with a global audience. This has led to the diversification of writing styles, as people experiment with different formats, tones, and structures to engage their readers.4. Challenges and OpportunitiesWhile the internet has undoubtedly enriched our language and communication, it also presents challenges. The rapid dissemination of information online has made it easier for misinformation and fake news to spread. As a result, it is crucial for individuals to be discerning and critical consumers of online content.Additionally, the internet has raised concerns about the erosion of traditional language and literacy skills. With the prevalence of autocorrect and spell-check tools, many people have become reliant on technology to correct their writing. Thishas led to a decline in spelling and grammar proficiency, as well as a lack of attention to detail in written communication.ConclusionIn conclusion, the internet has had a profound impact on language and communication. From the emergence of new words and slang to the globalization of language and the evolution of writing styles, the internet has reshaped the way we use language in the digital age. While there are challenges associated with the online environment, the internet also presents endless opportunities for creativity, collaboration, and connection. As we continue to navigate the complexities of the digital world, it is important to embrace the potential of the internet while also being mindful of its impact on language and society.。
【免费下载】基础英语第3课unit 3 课后答案
Unit 3 Alienation and the InternetKey to ExercisesText ComprehensionI. B.Ⅱ. TFFTTⅢ.1. As the author sees it, the Internet is most likely to make our global village a better place to livein. It provides a miraculous forum for the globalization of ideas, which contributes to therealization of human potential. Furthermore, it is a powerful tool for the acquisition andapplication of knowledge. The benefits of the Internet, however, may be darkened by its negative consequences. It may deprive its user of his time for necessary interaction with other societymembers so that the whole world may be further fragmented. In addition, there is a reasonablelikelihood that the Internet presents too much information, which gives its user a skewed sense ofreality by making him a cognitively overloaded man.2. His friend was addicted to the Internet. He would spend even over twenty-four hours non-stopon the Internet so that he had to force himself to go off line. As he spent so much time incyberspace, his sense of reality might have been crooked. Moreover, without any face-.to-faceverbal communication with other people, he felt lonely and depressed.3. The alienation of society members had begun long before the Internet started to be usedworldwide. After World War 1I when the soldiers returned from the battlefields, they devotedthemselves to "progress". What did to achieve their goal was to manufacture large quantities of cars and make them available to most people. With the car people could travelaround more easily, but at the expense of their reunion with their extended families and communications with their neighbors. Thus, it is apparent that it was the car ownership thatalienated people before the Internet. In the information age, however, people are alienated not somuch by cars as by the Interact. Interact addicts are far from rare. As illustrated by the example ofthe author's nephew, it seems to be an irreversible trend that more and more people, old and young,are becoming addicted to the Internet. They will spend many hours non-stop in cyberspace ratherthan with their families or friends. For lack of communications, they are becoming strangers toother people. Therefore, there is a good reason to believe that the society is being further alienatedby the Internet.4. The "cruel irony" means that the Internet provides the user with a convenient means ofcommunicating and making friends with people far apart on the one hand, but on the other, itestranges the user from the people around him by canceling his availability for the face-to-face communications even with his families and close friends and for involvement in the communityactivities.5. The potential of the Internet as a powerful tool for globalizing ideas and for acquiring andapplying knowledge can only be realized when its user strikes a balance between the reality andthe Internet. Although the Internet makes it possible for its users to debate, shop, travel and haveromance in cyberspace without leaving home, the overuse of this tool probably results in adistorted sense of reality. The only way to avoid being penalized by the Interact is make moderateuse of this tool without losing one's sense of place in the world.Ⅳ.1. As the Internet can be reached and used with relatively few restrictions, it plays a role in connecting people globally, which is comparable to traveling through international waterways.2. A lot of people talk about the "new information age", but not so many people are acquainted with the idea that the Internet separates people from each other and fragments society further as a result.3. I think that in our society the top priority is given to the satisfaction of one's immediate needs. The Internet is the best means to achieve this purpose, for on the Internet one can do whatever he likes to.Vocabulary ExercisesI.1. ability to develop, achieve or succeed2. causing to feel very distant from or not welcome to other people3. liked it very much and wanted to spend as much time doing it as possible4. a word or phrase which is often repeated to express a belief5. more information than one can cope with6. a set of images and sounds produced by a computer which seems so real that for most purposes it can be regarded as realII.1. for the better2. at the expense of3. was confronted with4. took advantage of5. in earnest6. are available for7. prior to 8. would give ... pause to thinkIII.1. alienating2. globalization3. fragmenting4. addict5. exaggerates6. Depression7. simulated8. gratifiedIV.1. A2. B3. B4. C5. B6. A7. D8. DV.1.However I am also troubled by the possible unintended negative consequences. Antonym: intended, purposeful, intentional, planned2.Automobile ownership became commonplace and suburbs were created.Antonym: extraordinary, unusual3.Those folks were already becoming distanced from their extended families and neighbors. Synonym: alienate, isolate, estrange4.These activities might foster a sense of community among the local people.Synonym: cultivate, nurture5.He said that he felt like an alcoholic in that moderate use of the Internet was just notpossible for him.Antonym: considerable, excessive, indulgent6.It seems to me that the Internet is a powerful tool that presents an opportunity for theadvancement of the acquisition and application of knowledge.Synonym: improvement, enhancement7.And I can also understand how one might have his or her sense of reality distorted in theprogress.Synonym: misrepresent, falsify8.We are forced to ask fundamental questions about how we perceive the world about us. Antonym: unimportant, trivial, minorVI.1. expanses2. thinking it is necessary3. commonplace4. at home5. tell you6. large numberGrammar ExercisesI.1.All of this being said, I believe that the key to realizing the potential of the Internet is inachieving balance in our lives.2.There having been no rain, the ground was dry.3.When I walked in, Grandpa was sitting at the kitchen table, the newspaper spread before him.4.The boys leaned against the willow tree, fishing poles resting on sticks, eyes gazing at thebobs floating on the ripples.5.Mark went homeward alone, his heart full of strange emotion.6.The discussion completed, the chairman adjourned the meeting for half an hour.7.Diana stood motionless at the end of the diving board, her hands at her sides, her heelsslightly raised, every muscle anticipating action.8.The cowboy dominates the pages of many magazines, his hair dark and curly, his broadshoulders sloping yet powerful and his expression calm and confident.II.1. pacify, be pacified, grumbling2. seeing3. being treated4. doing5. getting, closing6.answering, ring7. reporting 8. resolving9. making 10. goingIII.1. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.2. Rarely does Manton care about anything else once he gets logged on to the Net.3. Under no circumstances must you touch this switch.4. Never in all their lives have they known such hardships.5. So much does he worry about his financial position that he can't sleep at night.6. Not only did he speak more correctly but also more convincingly.7. Only after several trials did they succeed.8. Under no circumstances are the passengers permitted to open the door themselves.IV.1.The teacher blew a whistle and off ran the children.2.The man lit the fuse and after a few seconds up went the rocket.3.On the stairs was sitting a small dark-haired girl.4.Round the corner came a milk-van.5.There goes the vicar.6.The people dived for cover as over their heads flew the bullets.7.In the doorway stood her father.8.In front of them was a white pillar and on top of it stood a small, marble statue.TranslationI.1.由于登录和使用互联网的限制相对较少，它的作用就等同于通讯传播中的国际海域。
Unit 3 The Internet语法专练(解析版)高中英语必修二
Unit 3 The Internet一、单句语法填空1. Great changes have taken(take) place in the past 10 years.2. Although both sides have been making efforts, no conclusion has been drawn(draw) up to now.3. That book has been translated(translate) into at least 20 foreign languages in the last 10 years.4. It’s the first time that the old computer has been checked(check) since I bought it.5. Do you know anyone that has been put(put) into space rockets and sent(send) to explore the Moon and Mars since last century?6. It’s said that the bridge has been closed(close) for repairs for months.7. The boys have been told(tell) many times not to swim in that lake, but it doesn’t make any difference.8. We are glad to be told that Li Tao has been admitted(admit) to Fudan University for his top score in the Maths Contest.9. Great changes have taken(take) place in the past 10 years.10. Although both sides have been making efforts, no conclusion has been drawn(draw) up to now.11. That book has been translated(translate) into at least 20 foreign languages in the last 10 years.12. It’s the first time that the old computer has been checked(check) since I bought it.13. Do you know anyone that has been put(put) into space rockets and sent (send) to explore theMoon and Mars since last century?14. It’s said that the bridge has been closed(close) for repairs for months.15. The boys have been told(tell) many times not to swim in that lake, but it doesn’t make any difference.16. We are glad to be told that Li Tao has been admitted(admit) to Fudan University for his top score in the Maths Contest.17. Much of the debate so far has been focused(focus) on the safety of driverless cars.18. The problems of climate change and population growth have been described(describe) in a book by the American writer Thomas.19. Already this year, 115 measles(麻疹) cases have been reported(report) in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.20. Since 1958, they have been recognised(recognise) as the national theatre of Israel.21. Sarah has been told/was told(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.22. He has been informed(inform) that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because of his academic background.23. A 90-year-old has been awarded(award) “Woman Of The Year” for being Britain’s oldest full-time employee―still working 40 hours a week.24. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed(employ) only since the mid-1980s.25. Williams has confirmed his position as the world’s number one snooker player.26. I’m not particular about my clothes while my wife minds what I wear.27. My best friend tells me that I am silly to be upset about this.28. Are you familiar with the computer software they use?29. When you grow up, you should keep your parents’ love in mind.30. He chatted(chat) with his friends about the concert which was to be held the next week.31. He asked when it would be convenient for us to visit the factory.32. Her achievement inspired the younger generation to work(work)harder than ever before.33. This is the only access to the mountain village.34. The author benefited(benefit) from his experience in the debate club.35. She had got something stuck(stick) between her teeth.二、短文填空A李明和林涛在新学期第一天见面, 他们在谈论那个城市地震一年后的情况。
因特网对语言的影响的英语作文
因特网对语言的影响的英语作文The Impact of the Internet on Language.The advent of the Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn, and express ourselves. One of the most significant impacts of the Internet has been its influence on language. The digital realm has introduced new terminologies, altered the way we use existing words, and even given rise to new languages and dialects. In this essay, we delve into the profound influence of the Internet on language and its implications for global communication.The Emergence of New Terminologies.The Internet has given birth to a vast array of new terminologies that reflect the unique characteristics of digital communication. Terms like "blog," "chatbot," "hashtag," "cyberspace," and "wiki" are directly associated with the development of the World Wide Web and the technologies it has spawned. These terms have not onlyfound their way into our daily vocabulary but have also become integral to understanding the modern digital landscape.Alteration of Existing Words.The Internet has not only introduced new words but has also transformed the meaning and usage of existing ones. For instance, the word "google" has evolved from being a proper noun referring to the search engine giant to a verb meaning "to search for information on the Internet." Similarly, terms like "friend" and "like" have acquired new meanings and contexts on social media platforms.The Rise of Emojis and Visual Language.The Internet has also given rise to a new form ofvisual language, primarily represented by emojis. Emojis are graphical representations of facial expressions, objects, and ideas that allow users to express their feelings and thoughts visually. Their popularity has exploded in recent years, especially among youngergenerations, who often prefer to communicate using emojis rather than words.The Globalization of Language.The Internet has accelerated the globalization of language. People from different cultures and backgrounds can now communicate with each other seamlessly, thanks to the common language of the Internet – English. English has become the lingua franca of the digital world, enabling global communication and collaboration. However, this has also led to the marginalization of languages spoken by smaller communities.The Birth of New Languages and Dialects.Interestingly, the Internet has also given rise to new languages and dialects. These include "netspeak," a colloquial language used primarily in online forums and chat rooms, and "lingo," a blend of English and technology-related terms used by the tech-savvy generation. Furthermore, the rise of social media platforms has led tothe emergence of regional dialects and accents that reflect the unique cultural and linguistic identities of specific communities.Conclusion.The Internet has had a profound impact on language, transforming the way we communicate and express ourselves. It has introduced new terminologies, altered the meaning and usage of existing words, given rise to new forms of visual language, and accelerated the globalization of English. However, this influence also raises concerns about the marginalization of lesser-known languages and the homogenization of global culture. It is important to recognize the role of the Internet in shaping language and its impact on our cultural and social identities.。
计算机正在改变人们的交流方式的英语作文
Computers Revolutionizing Communication In today's digital era, computers have become an integral part of our lives, revolutionizing the way we interact and communicate with each other. The advent of computers and the subsequent development of the internet have brought about significant changes in the communication landscape, allowing people to stay connected regardless of geographical distances.One of the most significant impacts of computers on communication is the emergence of social media platforms. These platforms have transformed the way we share information, express opinions, and stay connected with friends and family. Social media has made it possible for people to stay updated with the latest news and trends, share their daily lives, and connect with people from diverse backgrounds and cultures.Another significant change brought by computers is the rise of video conferencing and online meetings. These technologies have made it possible for people to conduct meetings and conferences remotely, saving time and money. Whether it's a business meeting, a virtual classroom, or afamily gathering, video conferencing allows people to come together and interact in real-time, despite beingphysically apart.Computers have also revolutionized the way we access and share information. The internet has become a vast repository of knowledge, and computers provide us with the tools to search, retrieve, and share this information quickly and efficiently. This has led to a more informed and connected society, where people can access information from anywhere in the world at any time.Moreover, computers have enabled new forms of creative expression and communication. Digital art, animation, and gaming have become popular forms of entertainment and expression, allowing people to express their creativity and imagination in new and exciting ways. These digital media forms have also become powerful tools for storytelling and communication, bridging the gap between different cultures and generations.However, while computers have brought remarkable changes to communication, they have also presented some challenges. The rise of onlinebullying, privacy concerns,and the spread of misinformation have raised concerns about the ethical and social implications of computer-mediated communication. It is, therefore, crucial to develop responsible and ethical practices when using computers and other digital tools for communication.In conclusion, computers have revolutionized the way we communicate and interact with each other. They have brought about significant changes in the communication landscape, allowing us to stay connected, share information, and express ourselves in new and exciting ways. However, it is important to remember that while computers provide us with powerful tools for communication, it is our responsibility to use them ethically and responsibly.**计算机正在改变人们的交流方式**在当今数字化时代，计算机已成为我们生活中不可或缺的一部分，它们正在改变我们彼此交流和互动的方式。
全国大学英语CET六级考试试卷与参考答案(2025年)
2025年全国大学英语CET六级考试复习试卷与参考答案一、写作（15分）WritingPart AFor this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of “The Importance of Learning a Second Language”. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1.简述学习第二语言的重要性；2.结合个人经历或身边例子，阐述学习第二语言带来的好处；3.总结学习第二语言对个人和社会的益处。
Your WritingThe Importance of Learning a Second LanguageIn an era of globalization, learning a second language has become increasingly important. Not only does it open up opportunities for personal and professional growth, but it also fosters cultural understanding and communication across borders.From my own experience, learning English has greatly enhanced my ability to communicate with people from different cultures. For instance, during mystudy abroad, being able to speak English fluently enabled me to make friends easily and participate in various social activities. Moreover, in the workplace, having a command of a second language can significantly boost one’s career prospects and job satisfaction.A personal example of the benefits of learning a second language is the case of my friend John. After learning French, he secured a job in a multinational company where French is one of the working languages. This not only provided him with a competitive edge in the job market but also allowed him to travel and work in France, enriching his life experiences.In conclusion, learning a second language is not only beneficial for personal development but also for the broader society. It promotes cultural diversity, enhances global connectivity, and equips individuals with the skills needed to thrive in a globalized world.Writing Tips and AnalysisThe essay follows the given outline and meets the minimum word count requirement. It starts by stating the importance of learning a second language in today’s globalized world. The writer then uses personal experience to illustrate the benefits, making the essay more relatable and authentic.The essay also includes a specific example (John’s story) to support the writer’s point, demonstrating the practical application of learning a second language. The conclusion effectively summarizes the main points and reinforces the overall argument.To further improve the essay, the writer could consider adding more specific details about the personal experience or the benefits of learning a second language, such as improved cognitive abilities or increased job opportunities in specific fields.二、听力理解-长对话（选择题，共8分）第一题W: Hi, John. I heard you’re planning to take the CET-6 exam this year. How’s your preparation going?M: Well, I’ve been studying pretty hard, but I’m still not sure about my listening skills. Do you have any tips?W: Sure, one thing I found helpful is to practice listening to English news and podcasts regularly.M: That sounds good. I’ve been trying to do that, but sometimes it’s hard to follow the conversations.W: It’s normal. Try to listen to different accents and speakin g speeds. That will help you get used to them.M: Another problem I have is understanding the main idea of the conversations.I often get lost in the details.W: Focus on the keywords and the overall context. It’s important to understand the main point rather than getting caught up in the details.M: I see. Thanks for the advice. I’ll try to incorporate those strategiesinto my study routine.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the conversation?A) The difficulty of the CET-6 examB) Tips for improving listening skillsC) The importance of understanding the main ideaD) Different types of English listening materials2、What does the woman suggest the man do to improve his listening skills?A) Read more English novelsB) Practice speaking English with native speakersC) Listen to English news and podcasts regularlyD) Focus on learning new vocabulary3、What challenge does the man face when listening to conversations?A) He finds it difficult to understand different accentsB) He struggles to follow the conversations due to his slow speaking speedC) He often gets lost in the details instead of focusing on the main ideaD) He has trouble distinguishing between similar-sounding words4、What is the woman’s final piece of advice to the man?A) To learn a new word every dayB) To practice listening to different accents and speaking speedsC) To focus on understanding the overall contextD) To use a dictionary to look up unknown wordsAnswers:1.B) Tips for improving listening skills2.C) Listen to English news and podcasts regularly3.C) He often gets lost in the details instead of focusing on the main idea4.B) Practice listening to different accents and speaking speeds第二题Listen to the following conversation and answer the questions by choosing the best response.M: Hey, have you heard about the new CET-6 exam format this year?W: Yeah, I’ve read about it. They’ve made some changes to the Listening section.M: Really? What kind of changes?W: Well, they’ve added more long conversations and l ess short conversations. Also, the questions are more focused on understanding the main idea and details.M: That sounds challenging. So, how do these long conversations work?W: They’re typically about 5-7 minutes long, and they include a variety of topics like academic lectures, news reports, and interviews.M: Interesting. Let’s listen to one and see how we do.[听力材料]Q1: What is the main purpose of the new CET-6 exam format for the Listening section?A) To make the test more difficultB) To focus on detailed listening skillsC) To emphasize understanding the main idea and detailsD) To reduce the number of listening tasksQ2: How long are the long conversations in the new CET-6 Listening section?A) 3-4 minutesB) 5-7 minutesC) 10-12 minutesD) 15-20 minutesQ3: What is one of the topics included in the long conversations?A) Cooking recipesB) Academic lecturesC) Sports eventsD) Travel guidesQ4: According to the conversation, what is the most important skill to develop for the new CET-6 Listening section?A) Identifying specific informationB) Understanding the main ideaC) Predicting the next part of the conversationD) Recognizing different accentsAnswers:Q1: C) To emphasize understanding the main idea and detailsQ2: B) 5-7 minutesQ3: B) Academic lecturesQ4: B) Understanding the main idea三、听力理解-听力篇章（选择题，共7分）第一题Passage 1In the world of technology, innovation is key to staying competitive. One such innovation is the development of artificial intelligence (AI), which has been revolutionizing various industries. The following article discusses the impact of AI on the job market and its potential consequences.The rapid advancement of AI technology has led to concerns about job displacement. Many argue that AI will replace human workers, particularly in sectors such as manufacturing, customer service, and transportation. However, others believe that AI will create new job opportunities and enhance productivity.1、What is the main topic of the article?A) The benefits of AI in different industriesB) The impact of AI on the job marketC) The challenges of implementing AI technologyD) The future of human workers in the AI era2、According to the passage, which of the following is a concern regarding the use of AI?A) AI will improve the quality of customer serviceB) AI will lead to job displacementC) AI will reduce the need for human workersD) AI will increase the cost of production3、What is the author’s stance on the potential consequences of AI?A) The author is optimistic about the future of AIB) The author is concerned about the potential negative effects of AIC) The author believes AI will solve all the problems in the job marketD) The author is indifferent to the impact of AIAnswers:1、B2、B3、B第二题Passage OneIn the United States, there’s a growing movement to bring back the “maker” spirit in schools. This spirit encourages students to learn by making, doing, and tinkering with various materials and tools. The movement is part of a larger effort to revitalize American manufacturing and to help students develop the skills they need for the modern workforce.The push for a “maker” education is driven by s everal factors. One is the decline in American manufacturing over the past few decades. As factories haveclosed and jobs have moved overseas, the country has lost its competitive edge in the global market. Another factor is the rise of new technologies that are transforming the way people work and live. To succeed in this rapidly changing world, students need to be able to think critically, solve problems creatively, and work with their hands.The “maker” education movement is not just about teaching stude nts to make things. It’s also about fostering a culture of innovation and curiosity. Schools that embrace the “maker” philosophy often have workshops equipped with 3D printers, laser cutters, and other advanced tools. Students learn to design and build prototypes, experiment with new materials, and work in teams to tackle complex challenges.One of the most popular programs in the “maker” movement is the FabLab, which stands for “Fabrication Laboratory.” FabLabs are small, flexible workshops where students can learn to make almost anything. They provide access to a variety of tools and resources, including computers, software, and materials, and encourage students to explore their interests and passions.1、Why is there a growing movement to bring back the “maker” spirit in schools?A、To revitalize American manufacturing.B、To help students develop skills for the modern workforce.C、To encourage students to learn by making and doing.D、All of the above.2、What is one of the factors driving the “maker” educatio n movement?A、The increase in American manufacturing.B、The decline in American manufacturing.C、The rise of new technologies.D、The loss of competitive edge in the global market.3、What is the main purpose of the “maker” education movement?A、To teach students to make things.B、To foster a culture of innovation and curiosity.C、To provide access to advanced tools and resources.D、To encourage students to explore their interests and passions.Answers:1、D2、C3、B四、听力理解-新闻报道（选择题，共20分）第一题News ReportA recent study by the Chinese Ministry of Education has shown that the number of students participating in the College English Test Band 6 (CET-6) has increased significantly over the past decade. The CET-6 is a standardized test of English proficiency for non-English majors in Chinese universities.According to the report, the reasons for this increase are mainly due to the growing importance of English in the global job market and the increasing number of international exchanges and collaborations between Chinese universities and foreign institutions.Questions:1、What is the main focus of the news report?A) The decline of the CET-6 examB) The reasons behind the increasing number of CET-6 participantsC) The impact of the CET-6 exam on Chinese studentsD) The future of the CET-6 exam2、What is one of the reasons for the increase in the number of CET-6 participants?A) The decrease in the importance of English in the global job marketB) The decrease in the number of international exchanges between Chinese and foreign universitiesC) The government’s decision to make the CET-6 exam mandatory for all university studentsD) The increasing number of Chinese students studying abroad3、According to the news report, what does the Chinese Ministry of Education believe about the importance of English in today’s world?A) English is becoming less importantB) English is losing its significance in the global job marketC) English is still a crucial language for international communication and collaborationD) English is no longer needed for international exchanges and collaborationsAnswers:1、B2、D3、C第二题News Content:The following is a report on the recent changes in the education system in China.1、Why is the Chinese government making changes to the education system?A、To improve the quality of education.B、To reduce the pressure on students.C、To encourage more students to attend college.2、What is one of the main goals of the new education system?A、To have more students study abroad.B、To ensure every student can attend college.C、To focus on practical skills instead of theoretical knowledge.3、How will the new system affect the students’ study load?A、It will increase the number of hours students study.B、It will decrease the number of hours students study.C、It will not significantly change the number of hours students study.Answers:1、B2、C3、B第三题News Item:A new study shows that the use of mobile phones has become a major source of stress for young adults. The research, conducted by the University of London, indicates that constant notifications and the pressure to be connected 24/7 are taking a toll on the mental health of young people. According to the study, around 70% of young adults report feeling anxious or overwhelmed when they receive a notification from their phone. Experts suggest that setting boundaries for phone use and practicing digital detox could help alleviate some of the stress.Questions:1、What is the main concern expressed in the news about the use of mobile phones among young adults?A) They are spending too much time on social media.B) It is causing them stress and mental health issues.C) It is affecting their academic performance.D) They are not using it enough for communication.2、According to the study, what percentage of young adults report feeling anxious or overwhelmed when they receive a notification from their phone?A) 50%B) 60%C) 70%D) 80%3、What are experts suggesting as a solution to the issue discussed in the news?A) Increasing the number of hours spent on mobile phones.B) Banning mobile phones from schools and work.C) Setting boundaries for phone use and practicing digital detox.D) Providing more mobile phones to young adults.Answers:1、B) It is causing them stress and mental health issues.2、C) 70%3、C) Setting boundaries for phone use and practicing digital detox.五、阅读理解-词汇理解（填空题，共5分）第一题Read the following passage and fill in each blank with ONE word that best fits the context.The rapid development of technology has revolutionized the way we live and work. From the advent of the internet to the rise of artificial intelligence, the impact of technology on our daily lives is undeniable. One area that hasseen significant transformation is the 1 (1) of communication.The 2 (2) of smartphones and social media platforms has made it easier than ever to connect with people across the globe. However, this convenience has also brought about challenges such as 3 (3) and privacy concerns.In the workplace, technology has streamlined various processes, making them more efficient. Automation has 4 (4) many repetitive tasks, allowing employees to focus on more creative and strategic work.Despite these advancements, it is important to recognize that technology should be used responsibly. Over-reliance on technology can lead to a lack of 5 (5) and reduced face-to-face interactions, which are crucial for personal and professional growth.1、communication2、advent3、distraction4、replaced5、empathy第二题Read the following passage and fill in each blank with one word that best fits the context. Each word is provided in a list of choices. Choose the correct answer.The digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate and access information. Social media platforms have become anintegral part of our daily lives, allowing us to connect with friends and family across the globe. However, this constant connectivity has raised concerns about privacy and security. Many experts argue that the convenience of digital communication comes at the cost of our personal information being exposed to potential misuse. To protect our data, it is crucial to be aware of the risks and take appropriate measures.1、_________ communication has become a norm, it is essential to be cautious about sharing sensitive information online.A. ConstantB. ConstantlyC. ContinuallyD. Continual2、Social media platforms have become an_________ part of our daily lives, connecting us with people from all over the world.A. integralB. integrableC. integratedD. integralize3、Many experts argue that the convenience of digital communication_________ at the cost of our personal information being exposed to potential misuse.A. resultsB. results inC. resultedD. resulted in4、To protect our data, it is crucial to be aware of the risks andtake_________ measures.A. appropriateB. appropriatelyC. appropriatelyD. appropriate5、The_________ of digital communication has raised concerns about privacy and security.A. convenienceB. convenienceC. convenienceD. convenience答案：1、A2、A3、B4、D5、A六、阅读理解-长篇阅读（选择题，共10分）第一题Reading PassagesPassage OneThe digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, work, and live. One of the most profound impacts has been on education, with online learning platforms gaining immense popularity. While some argue that online learning is the future of education, others believe that traditional classroom settings are irreplaceable. This passage explores the pros and cons of online learning versus traditional education.Questions:1、What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of online learning.B. The drawbacks of traditional education.C. The comparison between online learning and traditional education.D. The impact of technology on education.2、According to the passage, what is one advantage of online learning?A. It provides a more personalized learning experience.B. It is more expensive than traditional education.C. It requires less time and effort from students.D. It is less effective than traditional education.3、What is a potential disadvantage of online learning mentioned in thepassage?A. It improves student engagement and motivation.B. It can be accessed from anywhere in the world.C. It often lacks the face-to-face interaction with teachers.D. It is more flexible in terms of schedule and timing.4、The passage suggests that traditional education is still important because:A. It is less accessible to students in remote areas.B. It promotes better social skills and teamwork.C. It provides more hands-on learning opportunities.D. It is more challenging for students to stay focused.5、Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Online learning is more convenient for students.B. Traditional education is more effective for some subjects.C. Online learning can be more expensive due to technology costs.D. Both online learning and traditional education have their advantages and disadvantages.Answers:1、C2、A3、C4、B5、C第二题In the world of fashion, trends come and go with the seasons. This year, however, there seems to be a new trend that is not just seasonal but also global. It’s called “slow fashion,” and it’s all about taking a more mindful approach to clothing consumption.The concept of slow fashion was first introduced by the Slow Food Movement in the 1980s. It’s based on the idea that people should slow down and enjoy the process of eating and living, rather than rushing through life. The same philosophy is now being applied to the fashion industry.One of the main goals of slow fashion is to reduce waste. Traditional fast fashion relies on mass production and often results in a high level of clothing waste. Slow fashion encourages consumers to buy fewer, higher-quality items that will last longer. This not only reduces waste but also supports sustainable practices.Another key aspect of slow fashion is the emphasis on ethical production. Many fast fashion brands have been criticized for their poor working conditions and exploitation of workers. Slow fashion brands, on the other hand, prioritize fair wages and safe working environments.Here is an article that discusses the rise of slow fashion and its impact on the industry.Questions:1、What is the main idea of the passage?A) The Slow Food Movement’s influence on the fashion industry.B) The environmental and ethical issues in the traditional fashion industry.C) The emergence of slow fashion as a new global trend.D) The benefits of buying fewer, higher-quality items.2、The phrase “slow fashion” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to:A) Fashion that is popular for a long time.B) Fashion that is designed to be worn for a long time.C) Fashion that is made using traditional methods.D) Fashion that is not influenced by seasonal trends.3、According to the passage, what is one of the main goals of slow fashion?A) To promote fast fashion brands.B) To increase clothing consumption.C) To reduce clothing waste.D) To encourage seasonal fashion trends.4、Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an aspect of slow fashion?A) Reducing waste.B) Supporting sustainable practices.C) Increasing the number of fashion items.D) Prioritizing fair wages.5、The author’s attitude towards slow fashion can best be described as:A) Critical.B) Skeptical.C) Supportive.D) Indifferent.Answers:1、C2、B3、C4、C5、C七、阅读理解-仔细阅读（选择题，共20分）第一题Reading Passage 1The digital age has brought about significant changes in the way we communicate, learn, and work. One of the most notable transformations is the rise of online learning platforms, which have democratized education by making it accessible to a wider audience. However, this shift has also raised questions about the effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional classroom settings.Online learning platforms offer flexibility and convenience, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from any location. They provide a wealthof resources, including videos, interactive quizzes, and forums for discussion. On the other hand, critics argue that the lack of face-to-face interaction and the absence of a structured environment can hinder the learning process.The following passage discusses the advantages and challenges of online learning.Questions:1.What is the main topic of the first paragraph?A. The rise of online learning platformsB. The effectiveness of online learningC. The benefits of traditional classroom settingsD. The impact of technology on education2.According to the passage, what is one advantage of online learning?A. It provides a structured environmentB. It promotes face-to-face interactionC. It allows students to learn at their own paceD. It offers a limited range of resources3.Which of the following is mentioned as a challenge of online learning?A. The lack of flexibilityB. The absence of face-to-face interactionC. The high cost of online coursesD. The difficulty in maintaining focus4.The passage suggests that online learning platforms:A. Have replaced traditional classrooms completelyB. Are more effective than traditional classroomsC. Are less effective than traditional classroomsD. Have a mixed impact on the learning process5.What is the author’s overall tone regarding online learning?A. NegativeB. PositiveC. NeutralD. CriticalAnswers:1.A2.C3.B4.D5.C第二题Reading PassageThe rapid development of technology in the 21st century has brought about significant changes in our lives. One of the most influential advancements is the internet, which has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. This passage discusses the impact of the internet on various aspects of our lives.In the following paragraphs, you will read a passage about the internet. After reading it, answer the questions that follow.PassageThe internet has become an integral part of our daily lives, affecting everything from personal relationships to professional endeavors. Here are some of the ways in which the internet has transformed our world:munication: The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate. With email, instant messaging, and social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, we can now connect with people from all over the world in real-time. This has made it easier to maintain long-distance relationships and collaborate with colleagues regardless of their location.2.Access to Information: The internet has democratized access to information. We can now find information on virtually any topic with a few clicks of a mouse. This has opened up a world of knowledge to everyone, regardless of their background or education level.cation: Online education has become increasingly popular, offering students the flexibility to learn at their own pace and from the comfort of their homes. This has made higher education more accessible to a wider audience.4.Business: The internet has transformed the way businesses operate.E-commerce has become a significant revenue stream for many companies, allowing them to reach customers worldwide. Additionally, the internet has enabled remote work, allowing employees to work from anywhere.5.Entertainment: The internet has become a major source of entertainment. We can stream movies and TV shows, listen to music, and play games online. Thishas changed the way we consume entertainment, making it more convenient and accessible.Questions1、What is the main purpose of the passage?A) To discuss the negative effects of the internet.B) To describe the impact of the internet on various aspects of our lives.C) To promote the use of the internet.D) To argue against the use of the internet.2、Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A) The internet has made communication easier.B) The internet has made it harder to find information.C) Online education has become popular.D) The internet has changed the way businesses operate.3、According to the passage, how has the internet affected personal relationships?A) It has made them more difficult to maintain.B) It has made them more convenient.C) It has had no significant impact.D) It has caused relationships to become more superficial.4、What is one of the advantages of online education mentioned in the passage?A) It is less expensive.B) It requires less time.C) It is more flexible.D) It is more rigorous.5、How has the internet changed the way we consume entertainment?A) It has made it less convenient.B) It has made it more expensive.C) It has made it more accessible.D) It has made it less diverse.Answers1、B2、B3、B4、C5、C八、翻译-汉译英（15分）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.Passage:The Chinese idiom “百闻不如一见” (Seeing is believing) perfectly captures the essence of a famous say ing by the Greek philosopher Demosthenes: “The unexamined life is not worth living.” This sentiment is echoed in the popular Chinese proverb, “眼见为实，耳听为虚” (What one sees is real, what one hears。
《计算机专业英语》第01章在线测试
《计算机专业英语》第01章在线测试A BC DThese days it is not uncommon for one to see people usingA BC DJust a minute, I m waiting for the computer to ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A BC Dwhat does " neural network " mean?A BC Dhow to translate the word "A BC DC、output devicesD、a busE、crt screen2、According to the text,modern digital computers can be divided into four major categories on the basis of cost and performance.They are ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.A、microcomputersB、workstationC、lenovoD、mainframesE、note bookF、minicomputers3、One of trends in computer development is ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿,the effort to compress more circui t elements into smaller and smaller ＿＿＿＿＿＿spaceA、microminiaturizationB、micromoduleC、chipD、chat4、We can define a computer as a device that ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿A、accepts inputB、deal everythingC、processes dataD、stores dataE、produces output5、A program is a sequence of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ that can be eｘecuted by a computer.It can either be built into the hardware or exist independently in the form of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.正确错误Computer is able to do different kinds of tasks.正确错误There are no differences between the information processor and human (正确错误In the future, computers are capable of original thoughts.正确错误Information can be input only by people.正确错误。
2024English关于互联网
目录•The Internet and Its Impact •Types of Internet Services •Benefits of the Internet •Challenges Posed by the Internet •Future Trends in Internet Technology•Conclusion: The Internet in Our Lives01The Internet and Its ImpactIntroduction to the InternetThe internet is a global network of interconnected computers thatenables information sharing and communication.It was developed in the 1960s as a way for researchers to shareinformation and has since evolved into a platform for globalcommunication and commerce.The internet consists of millions of websites, social mediaplatforms, and other online services that can be accessed througha web browser or mobile app.Global Reach and ConnectivityImpact on Communication010203Impact on Business and EconomyThe internet has transformed the way businesses operate, with many companies now relyingon online sales and marketing strategies to reach customers.It has enabled new business models, such as e-commerce and subscription-based services, toemerge and thrive.The internet has also created new opportunities for entrepreneurs and small businesses tocompete with larger corporations on a global scale.02Types of Internet ServicesWorld Wide WebEmail and Instant MessagingSocial Media and NetworkingOnline shopping refers to the process of buying goods or services over the Internet.E-commerce (electroniccommerce) is the broaderterm that encompassesall commercialtransactions conductedelectronically.Online shopping hasbecome increasinglypopular due to itsconvenience, accessibility,and the wide range ofproducts and servicesavailable.Major e-commerceplatforms includeAmazon, eBay, andAlibaba, while manybrick-and-mortar retailersalso offer onlineshopping options.Online Shopping and E-commerce03Benefits of the InternetAccess to Information and KnowledgeUnlimited Resources01Online Learning02Digital Libraries03Online ShoppingThe internet enables individuals to shop online for a wide range of products and services, often with faster and more convenient delivery options.Remote WorkThe internet facilitates remotework, allowing employees to workfrom home or other locations,which can improve work-lifebalance and reduce commutingtime and costs.Automation andProductivityThe internet enables the use ofvarious tools and applicationsthat automate tasks and improveproductivity in both personal andprofessional settings.Convenience and EfficiencyStreaming ServicesThe internet provides access to a wide range of streaming services for music, movies, TV shows, and other forms of entertainment.Online gaming platformsallow individuals to playgames with others fromaround the world, providingan engaging and socialform of entertainment.Social media platformsenable individuals toconnect with friends, family,and interests, shareexperiences, and discovernew content.Online Gaming Social MediaEntertainment and LeisureEnhanced Communication and CollaborationEmail and MessagingVideo ConferencingCloud Computing04Challenges Posed by the Internet01 02 03Malware and Viruses Phishing and Scams Hacking and CyberattacksCyber Security ThreatsData Collection Social MediaOversharing Surveillance andSpyingOnline Privacy ConcernsDigital DivideAccess InequalityMany people, especially in rural or economically disadvantaged areas, still donot have access to reliable and affordable internet services.Skills GapEven among those who have internet access, there can be a significant gap indigital literacy skills, limiting their ability to fully benefit from online resources.Digital ExclusionCertain groups, such as older adults or individuals with disabilities, may faceadditional barriers to accessing and using the internet effectively.Internet Addiction and Health Risks05Future Trends in Internet TechnologyConnecting Physical Devices Enabling SmartEnvironmentsDriving IndustrialAutomationThe Internet of Things (IoT)Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning Transforming Data AnalysisEnabling Autonomous SystemsEnhancing User ExperienceCloud Computing and Virtualization Scalable and Elastic ResourcesCost-Effective and EfficientEnabling Remote Work and Collaboration5G and Future NetworksFaster Data Transmission SpeedsLower Latency and Higher ReliabilityEnabling the Edge Computing Paradigm06Conclusion: The Internet in Our LivesCommunicationThe internet has revolutionized communication,allowing individuals to connect with others instantly across the rmation AccessThe internet provides easyaccess to vast amounts ofinformation,enabling users toresearch,learn,and stayinformed.CommerceThe internet has transformedthe way we shop and conductbusiness,making it possible tobuy and sell goods andservices online.The Role of the Internet in SocietyBalancing Benefits with ChallengesPrivacy Concerns AddictionInformation OverloadResponsible Use of the InternetSetting Boundarieslife.Critical Thinkingdifferent perspectives.Respecting OthersTechnological AdvancementsThe internet will continue to evolve and improve, with new technologies emerging that will further transform the way we live and work.Greater ConnectivityAs internet access becomes morewidespread, more people will beable to connect and share ideas,leading to greater understandingand collaboration across culturesand borders.AddressingChallengesWhile the internet presents manychallenges, society will continueto work towards addressing theseissues and ensuring that theinternet remains a force forpositive change in the world.Looking Forward to the Future。
高中英语Module6IntroductionReadingandVocabulary课件外研版必修
14. make a lot of money from his _i_n_v_e_n_ti_o_n_从他的发明中挣很多钱
15. need _p_e_r_m_i_s_si_o_n_from the World Wide Web 需要万维网的许可
Ⅱ. 根据语境写出黑体部分的汉语意思
1. More and more people log on to their Facebook page to chat with strangers from
The Internet and the World Wide Web
The World Wide Web
It is a computer network allowing computer users to (8) _a_c_c_e_ss_information via the Internet. In 1991, it was (9) _in_v_e_n_t_e_d_by an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, who made it possible for everyone to use the Internet. He (10) _d_e_s_ig_n_e_d_the first “web browser”, which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers.
9. From that moment on, the web and Internet grew.
( 从那时起 )
10. We know he can work as a good painter.
( 作为 )
Ⅲ. 根据课文及汉语提示补全句子 1. _I_t_t_h_e_n_b_e_c_a_m__e_p_o_s_s_ib_l_e_f_o_r_u__n_iv_e_r_s_it_i_es__to__u_s_e_t_h_e_s_y_s_t_em__(使大学使用这个系 统成为可能) as well. 2. The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network _t_h_a_t_a_l_lo_w__s_c_o_m_p_u__te_r _u_s_e_r_s _to__a_c_c_e_ss_(允许电脑用户使用) information from millions of websites via the Internet. 3. He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 _w__h_il_e_h_e__w_a_s__w_o_r_k_i_n_g _in__S_w__it_z_e_rl_a_n_d_(他在瑞士工作时). 4. He designed the first“web browser”, _w_h_i_c_h_a_l_lo_w__e_d_c_o_m__p_u_t_e_r_u_s_e_r_s_t_o_a_c_c_e_s_s _d_o_c_u_m__en__ts__fr_o_m__o_t_h_e_r_c_o_m__p_u_t_e_rs_(它允许电脑使用者从其他电脑上获取文件).
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Abstract We evaluate pathchar, a tool that infers the characteristics of links along an Internet path (latency, bandwidth, queue delays). Looking at two example paths, we identify circumstances where pathchar is likely to succeed, and develop techniques to improve the accuracy of pathchar's estimates and reduce the time it takes to generate them. The most successful of these techniques is a form of adaptive data collection that reduces the number of measurements pathchar needs by more than 90% for some links. 1 Introduction pathchar is a new tool, written by Van Jacobson at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), that tries to infer the characteristics of individual links along an Internet path by measuring the round trip time of packets sent from a single host. An alpha version of pathchar is available for FreeBSD, Linux, OSF and Solaris from ftp:///pathchar/. We explain the basic mechanism and evaluate its accuracy on two paths whose link characteristics are known. Based on these observations, we propose techniques to improve the accuracy of pathchar and to reduce the number of measurements (and time) it takes to generate its estimates. The contributions of this paper are An evaluation of pathchar and some insight into when it can or can not be expected to be useful. A technique for generating intervals for the estimates pathchar generates. Although these intervals do not always contain the nominal (correct) values, their size conveys useful information about the accuracy of the estimates. A technique for determining dynamically the number of measurements needed to achieve a given interval size.
Scatterplot of round trip times ms 300 (times on log scale) ms 24
Shortest observed round trip time
100
20
16 30
12 10 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 0 300 600 900 1200 1500
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Figure 2: Scatterplot of round trip times versus packet size, 45 sizes, 64 probes each. The vertical axis is on a log scale, which is why the lower envelope appears convex, although it is a nearly straight line. a value n, it is possible to nd the address of the nth router in the path. pathchar works by sending out a series of probes with varying values of n and varying packet sizes. For each probe it measures the time until the error packet is received. By performing statistical analysis of these measurements, pathchar infers the latency and bandwidth of each link in the path, the distribution of queue times, and the probability that a packet is dropped. The analysis is based on the network model in Figure 1. Before a packet leaves the (n ? 1)th node, it waits in queue to get onto the outgoing link. The time it spends on the network|transit time|is a linear function of the packet size, where the two parameters are the latency and bandwidth: lat + size=bw. At node n, the packet waits in queue again until the router processes it and generates the error packet. The error packet waits in queue at node n, then returns to node n ? 1 with transit time lat + error size=bw, where error size is the size of the ICMP error packet (56 bytes 5]). Finally, it waits in queue at node n ? 1. The round trip time (rtt) from the (n ? 1)th to the nth node and back is: rtt = q1 + (lat + packet size=bw) + q2 + forward (1) + q3 + (lat + error size=bw) + q4 where the values qi are random variables representing the queue times and forward is the time it takes the forwarding engine to process the packet. To simplify this expression pathchar makes three assumptions: (1) the size of the error packet is small enough that error size=bw is negligible, (2) the forward time is negligible, and (3) if we make a large number of measurements of a given path, eventually one of the probes will make the round trip with negligible queue delays. Eliminating the negligible terms yields: (2) rtt = (lat + packet size=bw) + lat
1 For a survey of network measurement tools including traceroute see the Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis (CAIDA) web page /Tools/
Using pathchar to estimate Internet link characteristics
Allen B. Downey Colby College Waterville, ME 04901 downey@ To appear in ACM SIGCOMM '99
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Figure 1: Network model. 1.1 Methodology Using pathchar's verbose option we collected measurements of two paths, one from (on the campus of Colby College in Waterville, Maine) to (also in Waterville), the other from rocky to (at the San Diego Supercomputer Center). We refer to these as the MINT and SDSC datasets. Based on pathchar's documentation, we wrote a program that processes these datasets and generates estimates of the link characteristics. This software allows us to test alternatives and extensions to pathchar's techniques using the same data. Our example paths, and the 11 links that comprise them, are not intended to be a statistical sample of the Internet (cf. Paxson's empirical studies 3, 4]). But the structure of these paths is probably typical of many|a fast local network connected through a comparatively slow link to the Internet proper, connected to the destination site through another LAN. We expect our experiences to be applicable to a large class of potential pathchar users. 2 Background Van Jacobson presented pathchar at the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) in April 1997 1]. The following description is based on slides he presented there. Like traceroute1 , pathchar takes advantage of the timeto-live eld (ttl) in an IP packet. The ttl determines how many links a packet can traverse before it expires. If a router receives a packet that has expired, it drops the packet and sends an ICMP error packet back to the sender. The source address of the error packet indicates which router the outgoing packet reached before expiring. By setting the ttl to