副词用法

副词用法
副词用法

副词是日语词类中实词的一种。它是不变化的独立词,在句子中可以单独使用,也可以后接助词,主要用来修饰用言,但也可以修饰副词和体言。另外,经过与其他词类的结合,能够变成另外一些词类,但是不能做主语。

副词可以从结构和作用两方面分类。

(一)副词按结构分类

1,纯粹的副词:如とても,わざわざ,どうも,もっと、ずっと,もう,やや等等。这些副词不是经过变化而来,是固有的;也不能通过变化成为别的词类。这类副词直接修饰用言,有时还可以修饰副词。例如:

* 今日はとても寒いです。(今天相当冷。)这里副词「とても」修饰形容词「寒い」。

* わざわざ来てくださってどうも有り難うございます。(您特意来,非常感谢。)副词「わざわざ」修饰动词「来る」;副词「どうも」修饰形容词「有り難い」。* 今後もっと勉強する決心です。(下决心今后更加学习。)副词「もっと」修饰动词「勉強する」。

* 最近はずっと寒いですが、お体はいかがですか。(最近天气一直寒冷,您身体还好吗?)副词「ずっと」修饰形容词「寒い」。

* もうそろそろ失礼させていただきます。(我该告辞了。)副词「もう」修饰副词「そろそろ」合在一起修饰动词「失礼する」。

* この靴はやや小さいので、足がちょっと痛い。(这双鞋有点小,所以脚有点疼。)副词「やや」修饰形容词「小さい」;「ちょっと」修饰「痛い」。

2,形容动词的连用形起到和副词相同的作用。如:非常に,ばかに,絶対に,立派に等等。它本身不是副词,但是具有与副词同样修饰用言的功能;有些词典上标注为副词。例如:

* この車は性能が非常に良いです。(这辆车性能非常好。)

* この服は値段がばかに高い。(这件衣服价格莫名其妙地贵。)

* 明日は絶対に遅刻しません。(明天绝对不迟到。)

* 問題は立派に出来ましたね。(问题回答得很精彩。)

注意:当に换成な时就是形容动词的连体形,给体言做定语。

3,与形容动词的词干完全相同的副词(不用形容动词的连用形,即不用加に)。如:いろいろ,けっこう,たいへん等等。例如:

* 見学する部分はいろいろ(と)あります。(参观的内容有很多--有各式各样。)* 今回のテストはけっこう難しかったです。(这次的考试够难的。)

* この度はたいへんお世話になりました。(这一次得到了很多关照--给您添了许多麻烦。)

4,形容词的连用形起到与副词相同的作用,且有的词典上标注为副词。如:よく,はやく,めずらしく等等。例如:

* 田中さんはよくこの図書館に来ます。(田中先生经常到这个图书馆来。)

* はやく行かないと間に合いませんよ。(不快点去就来不及了呀。)

* 四月にめずらしく雪が降った。(在四月,少有地下了雪。)

日语的句子结构都是前面修饰后面,其中定语绝大多数修饰紧跟在定语后面的体言,但是副词或其他状语修饰的用言有时离得较远。如:上例中,「よく」修饰「来ます」,「めずらしく」修饰「降った」;只有「はやく」是修饰紧跟在后面的「行かない」。

5,有一些动词的连接式(连用形+て)已经独立地变成了副词。如:「初めて」是动词「始める」变化而来,「改めて」是动词「改める」变化而来。

* 北海道に来て初めて雪を見た。(来到北海道初次看见了雪。)

* 結果については改めてご報告致します。(关于结果,另外正式向您汇报。)

(二)副词按功能分类

关于副词的分类,日本的各学派说法不一,很难统一。另外分得太细,反而让人概念混乱。这里粗略地分类如下:

1,情态副词:是指有修饰功能,没有叙述呼应功能的副词。在副词后面经常加に、と、より等助词。

* 努力したが結局失敗した。(表示结果)(虽然努力了,但是还是失败了。)

* あいにく彼は留守でした。(表示评价)(不凑巧,他不在家。)

* 彼はにこにこ笑っている。(表示样态)(他微笑着。)

* このような事はしばしば起こる。(表示频率)(这样的事情经常发生。)

* あくまでも反対する。(表示心情)(坚决反对--反对到底。)

* 工事が順調に進む。(表示速度)(工程顺利进行。)

2,程度副词:表示事物的各种状态,直接与表示性状的词汇发生关系。

* 飛び切り安い値段で売る。(表示过分)(以特别低的价格卖出。)

* 平々凡々に暮らしている。(表示平常)(过着平凡的生活。)

* この夏は殊に暑かった。(表示特殊)(今年夏天特别热。)

* 少なくとも10日かかる。(表示极限)(至少需要10天。)

* 少し待ってください。(表示数量不多)(稍等我一下。)

* しばらくお待ちください。(表示时间不长)(等我一会儿。)

其他还有表示感觉、地点、方向、范围等等。

3,陈述副词:在句子中保持一定的呼应关系,是修饰陈述方式的副词。

* 入社以来一回も遅刻したことがない。(与否定呼应)(到公司以来一次也没有迟到过。)

* もちろんこれは私の責任だ。(与肯定呼应)(当然这是我的责任。)

* どうやら彼も気が付いたようだ。(与含糊呼应)(好象他也注意到了。)

* なるほど来ないはずだ。(与估计呼应)(当然他不来了。)

* 明日はきっと寒い。(与判断呼应)(明天一定很冷。)

其他还有与愿望、请求、推测假定等的呼应,这里特别要注意与否定的呼应。

除了上述的分类之外,在学习副词中经常提到拟声拟态词。在上述的例句中已经包括了,但是由于考试中经常出现这一类问题,所以在此再说明一下。

拟声拟态词顾名思义分成拟态词和拟声词。拟态词是模仿动作或状态的样子;拟声词是摹仿动作或状态的声音。这里有很强的日语语言表达特点,而且甚至有时是唯一的,因此有时只能强行记住。很多同一自然现象,各国语言的表达方式不同,因此,要抓住起特点,认真记忆。

拟态副词:

* これからだんだん寒くなる。(今后渐渐冷下去。)

* 水車はぐるぐる回っている。(水车骨碌骨碌地转动。)

* 子供が持っている風車がくるくる回る。(孩子手中的风车转动很快。)

* 星がきらきら光ってとても美しい。(星星闪闪发光,非常美丽。)

* 振り向くと山田さんがにこにこ笑って立っていた。(回头一看,山田先生笑咪咪地站着。)

* 服がぼろぼろになった。(衣服变得破烂不堪。)

拟声副词:

* 大雨がざあざあ降っている。(大雨哗哗地下。)

* 春雨がしとしとときりがない。(春雨淅淅沥沥地下着。)

* 風で窓ガラスががたがたなる。(风吹得窗户哗啦哗啦响。)

* 蜜蜂がぶんぶん音を立てて飛んでいる。(蜜蜂嗡嗡地飞。)

* 波の音がざあーざあーと伝わってくる。(波浪声哗啦哗啦地传来。)

* とんとんと誰かがドアを叩いている。(不知是谁,咚咚敲门。)

(三)副词的演变

副词有一个比较特殊的特点是与各种词汇结合在一起变成其他词类。

1,副词后续する变成动词:ゆっくりする,のんびりする,ちょっとする,ひっそりする,ぷんぷんする等等。

* 疲れたでしょう、ゆっくりしてください。(累了吧,好好休息一下。)

* 試験が終わったから少しのんびりしよう。(考试结束了,想放松一下。)

* 時間があるから一寸してから行きましょう。(因为有时间,过一会儿再去吧。)* 皆帰って学校はひっそりしています。(大家都走了,学校里很安静。)

* 酒の匂いがぷんぷんする。(酒味扑鼻。)

2,副词后续の变成定语:つるつるの,くしゃくしゃの等等。

* つるつるの頭にハエが一匹止まっている。(光光的头上落着一只苍蝇。)

* あの人はいつもくしゃくしゃの服を着ている。(他总是穿着皱巴巴的衣服。)3,副词后续です变成名词性谓语:ぐったりです,のろのろです,びしょびしょです等等。

* 疲れて今日はぐったりです。(今天累得全身无力。)

* 渋滞でのろのろです。(由于塞车,车子开得很慢。)

* 雨で服がびしょびしょです。(因为下雨,衣服湿透了。)

如上所述,副词虽然是不发生变化的词汇,但是数量非常大,而且每个副词的专用性很强,很难掌握其使用规律。所以不论如何分类,归根结底大部分还得专词专用,绝大部分是靠记忆的。令人感到疼痛的是考题中有关副词的选择所占比例不小,就使我们为难。看来没有太多的巧办法,只能是一个一个地记忆;大概多做练习是个好办法。希望各位在学习中摸索各自的门路,掌握好副词。

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Would rather 用法小结

Would rather 用法小结 文/郭李强 一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”,后接动词原形,常省略为’d rather,表示优先选择的一种方式其否定形式是would rather not do sth. would rather没有人称和数的变化,所有的人称一律用would rather.“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式,美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意,它是一个情态助动词,且无词性、时态变化。 例:Mr. Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。 Sh e’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。 二、如果在两者中进行取舍,表示“宁愿……而不愿……,与其……宁可……”的意思时,则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型 例: I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。请注意: 1) would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为:rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式,若选用的动词相同,那么than 后的动词可以省略。 例:He would rather drink tea than coffee.他喜欢喝茶而不喜欢咖啡。 Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作,他宁愿放弃。 2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”,即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组,如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。 例:I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。 三、在疑问句式中,would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前例:Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉? Would you rather read a novel than read a poem? 你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗? 四、would rather+从句,是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句,谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……,还是……好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时,谓语则用过去完成时。 例:John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来) We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。 Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。2)如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人,则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。 例:I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods.他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。 五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner 之间一般没有区别,但经常接触到的是would rather。 例:Tom would rather/sooner read than talk.汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking.汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。

副词用法及练习

副词用法及练习 副词的基本用法是用来修饰动词;run into the room quickly carefully 2). 副 词的构成: (1)多数形容词+ly变成副词 . 大多数副词以ly结尾 recent 最近的----recently 最近;近来 sad—sadly slow---slowly clear—clearly清楚地final—finally real—really kind- - kindly, careful--- carefully, Silent----silently peacefu---peacefully Safe---safely (2)以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词需改y为i加ly变成副词happy-- happily, heavy-- heavily, easy-- easily, lucky--- luckily, angy---angrily, (3.)形容词不去e加ly变来的副词polite--politely, wide--widely, Safe--safely, extreme-- extremely (4 形容词需去e加ly变来的副词True - Truly, , gentle ---gently, comfortable-- comfortably possible---possibly simple --simply terrible---terribly 特殊:good(形容词)—well(副词)好地 (welladj 身体健康的) 1.副词的比较等级,副词的比较等级用法和形容词的比较等级用法相同 以ly的副词大多在前面加more构成比较级加, most构成最高级 slowly– more slowly- most slowly c arefully-more c arefully most c arefully 易错:early →earlier →earliest badly →worse →worst 基础练习选词填空 (一)luckily / lucky / unluchk / unluckily 1. that was an hoy .he lost his parents in the earthquake 2. it rained hard. The children took umbrollas so they didin’t get wet 3.. he is to pass the exam 4. A terrible car accident happpened to him he didn’t lose hos life (二)easy easily easier more easyly 1.If you have more knowledge .you can deal with the problems 2. the question looks I ‘m sure I can woerk out it by meself 3. In generally’it is to say than to do (三)success successful successfully succeed 1. Don’t worry . I heard that the airplne has landed at the airport 2.if you become people will watch you all the time 3. if you try your best you will 4. Attitud is everything Details (细节)decide (四)happy happily happier more happily 1. Because of having parents’ love. I can grow up 2. look . the children are playing over there 3. the busier he is .the he feel (五)safe safely safety 1. School is the serious problem 2. please drive more slowly. is the first 3. Although we were in trouble . we got there 4. To be is important to everyone (六)careful carefullly 1. Liu ming is . girl . she does everything .

关系副词的用法练习题

关系副词的用法 一、请将下列每一组中的两个简单句合并为一个定语从句,用第二个句子作定语。 1.Monday is the will come on that day. 2.He arrived in Shanghai that the same day I left. 3.July is the weather is usually the hottest in that month. 4.April Fool’s Day is that special day of the the day you should play a joke on someone! 5.March 10,1876 was the the day the first complete sentence was sent over a telephone. 6.The city was spent our vacation there. 7.That is the will meet you there. 8.The town is grew up there. 9.This is the put their tools in it. 二、请选择where,when和which填空。 10.I’ll never forget the day_____I met you for the first time. 11.I’ll never forget the days_____I spent with you. 12.The day,_____began brightly,ended with a violent storm. 13.The day_____we don’t bother to go to office but just work at home may soon come. 14.I arrived in Beijing on the day_____it was snowing heavily. 15.This is the town_____I was born. 16.This is the town_____I want to visit most someday. 17.The ripe fruit should be stored in a place_____contains much carbon dioxide so that it can’t decay rapidly. 18.The ripe fruit should be stored in a place_____there is much carbon dioxide so that it can’t decay rapidly.

副词的用法

副词的用法 一、副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或其他结构。 副词的句法功能 1、用作状语 Look at the photo carefully. 仔细看看这张照片。You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。 2、用作表语 The meeting is over. 会议结束了。Is anyone upstairs? 楼上有人吗? Is the radio on or off? 收音机是开着的还是关着的? 【注】在通常情况下,用作表语时不用副词而用形容词。 如可说The woman is beautiful. 而不说The woman is beautifully. 可说The cloth feels soft. 不能说The cloth feels softly. 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词,而且只能用于连系动词be 英语中用作表语的副词主要是表地点的副词以及某些与介词同形的副词,而且只能用于连系动词后作表语,而不用于其他连系动词后作表语,如可说He is here 或He is abroad,但不能说He seems here 或He seems abroad。 3、用作宾语 It’s hot in here. 这里面很热。 It’s not far from here. 从这儿去不远。 I’ll stay at home tonight. 今晚我将呆在家里。 【注】副词用作宾语的用法十分有限,通常只用作介词宾语,并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词,而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点,如here和there 可与along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介词连用,但通常不与介词to连用,如不说come to here, go to there 等(注:from here to there是例外),而表地点的副词abroad 则只与介词from连用,不与其他介词连用。 4、用作宾语补足语 1)Ask him in, please. 请叫他进来。 2)We must try to help him through. 我们必须设法帮他渡过难关。 3)Sorry to have kept you up so late. 对不起,让你这么晚不能睡觉。 【注】一般说来,能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语: He went to see her but found that she was out. 他去看她,但发现她不在家。 He went to see her but found her out. 他去看她,但发现她不在家。 5、用作定语 1)The people there were very friendly. 那儿的人很友好。 2)Do you know the people downstairs? 你认识楼下的人吗? 3)The shops around are very cheap. 附近商店的东西很便宜。 【注】在通常情况下,副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后,若置于修饰名词之前,则通常被视为形容词,如the upstairs room和the room upstairs 都表示“楼上的房间”,但前者的upstairs 前置,为形容词;后者的upstairs后置,为副词;又如the above passage 和the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”,但前者的above 前置,为形容词;后者的above后置,为副词。 二、副词的构词法 大部分副词是由形容词加后缀-ly构成的。 1) She is a quick worker. (形容词)她是个灵巧的工人。 i.She works quickly. (副词)她工作灵巧。 2)I used to be a careful driver. (形容词)我曾经是个小心谨慎的司机。 3)I used to drive carefully.(副词)我曾经开车小心谨慎。

初中英语副词知识点:副词的基本用法

初中英语副词知识点:副词的基本用法 初中英语副词知识点:副词的基本用法 副词在句中主要用作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子。 ⑴修饰动词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式、频度等。一般位于动词之后,如果动词有宾语,则要位于宾语之后。频度副词常位于助动词和连系动词be 之后或实义动词之前。例如:He arrived only yesterday. 他是昨天才到的。There were clothes lying here and there on the floor. 地板上到处都是衣服。I have been terribly worried about you all day. 我一整天都非常为你担心。She plays the piano very well. 她钢琴弹得很好。The boy is always asking his parents for money. 那个男孩老是向他父母要钱。She never goes to the cinema. 她向来不看电影。 ⑵修饰形容词、副词、介词短语,一般前置,只有enough例外,需要后置。例如:She seems quite happy. 她看上去相当愉快。You’ve done rather badly in the test. 你考得够糟糕的。The wind was right in our faces. 风迎面吹来。This girl is not old enough to go to school. 这个女孩还没有到上学的年龄。He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train. 他跑得不够快,没有赶上火车。 ⑶用作表语,多为与介词同形的副词和表示方位的副词。例如:Is anybody in? 里面有人吗?有人在家吗?Father is away. 父亲离家在外。I am downstairs and my brother is upstairs. 我住楼下,我哥哥住楼上。My friend is still abroad. 我的朋友还在国外。 ⑷少数表示地点或时间的副词还可用作定语,一般位于名词之后。例如:I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在这里过得愉快。I met a friend of mine on my way home. 在我回家的路上,我碰到一位朋友。What did you think of the meeting yesterday? 你觉得昨天的会开得怎样? 相关推荐:初中英语副词知识点:副词的分类

定语从句关系副词讲解及练习

Unit 2 Growing Pains 定语从句( 2) 定语从句中关系副词的用法 Learning Content : Learn Attributive Clauses --- Relative adverbs: where, when, why Learning Aims: Learn how to use relative adverbs in attributive clauses Learning difficult and important points: The difference between relative adverbs and relative pronouns Period:One 自主学习过程关系副词是联系先行词和定语从句的词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个:when, where 和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下: 1. 表时间的名词+ when +定语从句,when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。例句:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. I 'll never forget the day when I joined the army. 2. 表地点的名词+ where + 定语从句,where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。例句:The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago. 3. 表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。) 例句:That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略)上句也可以这样表示:That is the reason I did the job. 关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单,以下注意点不可忽视: 1)“wher”、“where”和“why的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason 在定语从句中所作的成分,比较下面的几组句子: *I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore. *I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in . **This is the hospital ______ my mother works. **This is the hospital ______ we visited the day before yesterday. 知识小结(判断定语从句引导词的方法)方法一:不及物动词则要求用关系副词when, where, why, 从句中的谓语为及物动词且后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;方法二: 先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时选择关系副词( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 2) “when” “where和“why”可以替换成介词+ which ”介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如: Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when) This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where) Do you know the reason for which he refused to go t o Mary's birthday party. (for

英语语法——rather_than用法小结

have sth. done,have sb. do , have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 四种 句型的区别 一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。 例:①I had(=got) that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。 ②I had(=got) my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。(2)(主语)完成某事(可能参与)。 例:①they are going to have (=got) some threes planted.他们打算植些树。 ②we must have (=got) the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完 成此项工作。 (3)(主语)遭受某种不幸的情况。 例:①I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被(风)吹掉了。 ②I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。 (4) 用于否定句中,表示“不允许….”“不让”。 例:①I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ②I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。 二、have sb. do表示四种含意 (1)(主语)请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。 例:①I had him repair my bike. (=I got him to repair my bike.)我请他修理自行车。 ②Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。 (2)表示主语无意识的行为,这时“have”作“有”解。 例:These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. (3)表示主语“经历”某事。 例:He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 (4)在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。 例:I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。 三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。 (1)在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”,“让某情况发生”之意,含有动作正在进行之意。 例:①he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起来。 ②I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。 (2)在否定结构中,表示“不能让”,“不允许”。 例:we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。 四、have sth. to do表示“有某事要完成”,其中不定式作定语,且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。 (1)如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。 例:①I have some letters to write.我有几封信要写。 ②He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要养活。 (2)如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。 例:“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.佣人问道:“你今天有没有衣服要(我)洗?”

形容词和副词的基本用法教学教材

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