汽车专业英语第二章02-air induction systmtem
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汽车专业英语2版参考译文-20180227-2
第二章内燃机** 工作原理使用煤气作燃料、成功地以四冲程工作循环进行工作的最早的内燃机由尼古拉斯·奥古斯特·奥托于1876年研制成功。
奥托是一位在道依茨公司（许多年来，一直是世界上最大的内燃机制造商）工作的自学成才的德国工程师。
奥托的助手之一戈特利布·戴姆勒后来研制成功了一台使用汽油的发动机，1885年的4315号专利对该发动机进行了描述。
戴姆勒首次将这种发动机用于汽车上。
汽油机将空气与汽油的可燃混合气吸入气缸，当这些混合气得到压缩后，通过一个定时的火花将可燃混合气点燃。
因此，这样的发动机有时也被称为点燃式（S.I.）发动机。
为了完成一个工作循环，这些发动机的活塞需要走过四个行程：离开气缸盖向外运动，从而吸入空气与燃油的进气行程；向里朝向气缸盖运动，从而使混合气得到压缩的压缩行程；向外运动的做功行程以及向里的排气行程。
进气行程。
进气门开启，排气门关闭。
活塞下行，离开气缸盖（见图2-1a）。
活塞沿着气缸的快速运动导致了压力降低或叫做低压。
在该行程完成三分之一时，此低压会达到低于大气压力约0.3巴的最大值。
实际上产生的低压将取决于发动机的转速和负荷，而一个典型的平均值为低于大气压力0.12巴。
这个低压会将按照10~17份空气与1份汽油的比例（重量比）进行混合的新鲜空气与雾化汽油的混合物吸入气缸。
一种利用缸内低压来实现进气的发动机被称为“通常进气”或“自然吸气”式发动机。
压缩行程。
进、排气门都关闭。
活塞开始上行，朝向气缸盖运动（见图2-1b）。
在活塞达到最内的位置时，进入气缸的混合气会被压缩到原始气缸容积的1/8~1/10。
这种压缩使空气和雾化的汽油分子会靠的更近，并且不仅提高了缸内气体压力，而且还提高了温度。
一般，在节气门全开、发动机运转在大负荷下，最大的气缸压缩压力范围在8~14巴之间。
做功行程。
进、排气门全关闭，并且就在活塞到达压缩行程的上止点之前，火花塞将浓可燃混合气点燃（见图2-1c）。
汽车专业英语U1L5(发动机部分)
Two. The Exhaust System
The exhaust system carries exhaust gases
from the engine’s combustion chamber to the atmosphere and reduces engine noise. Exhaust gases leave in a pipe, start from the exhaust manifold, traveling through a catalytic converter and a muffler before exiting through the tail pipe. The basis of the problem gases are：hydrocarbons （unburned）, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide.
（1）The Fuel Delivery System The fuel delivery system consists of fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, fuel delivery pipe, injector, fuel pressure regulator and fuel return pipe （Fig.5-2）.
（2） Warm up： The warm up phase
follows the cold start. The engine needs extra fuel, because some of the fuel still condenses on the cold cylinder walls.
The fuel injection systems used in automobiles are port fuel injection and Throttle Body Injection （TBI）. Port fuel injection is called Multiple Point Injection（MPI）. Throttle body injection is also called Single Point Injection （SPI）.
汽车专业英语第二章
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Fig2-1 A Typical combination car instrument panel
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Fig2-2 On-Board Computer of BMW
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2.1 Toyota Corolla Repair Manual
2.1.4 Temperature Gauge
This shows the temperature of the engine's coolant. During normal operation, the pointer should rise from the bottom blue mark to about the middle of the gauge.
Traditional instruments widely use the combination analog displaying instruments, and various measuring instruments are fixed on the dashboard in front of the driver's seat. (Figure 2-1)
Inspect Tachometer – 1. Connect a tune-up test tachometer, and start the engine. 2. Compare the test with tachometer indications.
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2.1 Toyota Corolla Repair l
2.1.3 Fuel Gauge
The fuel gauge displays approximately how much fuel you have in the fuel tank.
Fig2-1 A Typical combination car instrument panel
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Fig2-2 On-Board Computer of BMW
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2.1 Toyota Corolla Repair Manual
2.1.4 Temperature Gauge
This shows the temperature of the engine's coolant. During normal operation, the pointer should rise from the bottom blue mark to about the middle of the gauge.
Traditional instruments widely use the combination analog displaying instruments, and various measuring instruments are fixed on the dashboard in front of the driver's seat. (Figure 2-1)
Inspect Tachometer – 1. Connect a tune-up test tachometer, and start the engine. 2. Compare the test with tachometer indications.
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2.1 Toyota Corolla Repair l
2.1.3 Fuel Gauge
The fuel gauge displays approximately how much fuel you have in the fuel tank.
Lesson 4 Electronic feul injection system 电控燃油喷射系统
AUTOMOBILE ENGLISH 汽车专业英语
Unit 2 Engines Lesson 4 Electronic fuel injection system
电控燃油喷射系统
electronic injection sensor detect be divided into subsystem induction consist of air cleaner assembly throttle
New words & expressions
Tasks before class
Reading & speaking
Tasks in class
电控燃油喷射系统使用多个传感器来检测发动机状况和汽车的运行状 况。电控燃油喷射系统可分为三个子系统:
（1）空气供给系统。空气供给系统由空气滤清器总成、节气门体和 进气歧管组成。节气门体包含节流阀，通过驾驶员的操作，节流阀会打开 和关闭，从而控制进入进气歧管的空气量。
system 3__t_h_r_o_tt_l_e_b_o_d_y__ contains the throttle valve.
Fuel delivery system
The fuel delivery system provides the fuel mixing with the 4_____a_ir_. The fuel is taken from the fuel 5________tabnykthe fuel 6_______p_u. mThpen it is 7____s_p_r_a_y_ed_ under pressure by an injector. Any fuel which is not used is returned to the tank through the 8___f_u_e_l_r_e_t_u_r_n_l_in_e_.
Unit 2 Engines Lesson 4 Electronic fuel injection system
电控燃油喷射系统
electronic injection sensor detect be divided into subsystem induction consist of air cleaner assembly throttle
New words & expressions
Tasks before class
Reading & speaking
Tasks in class
电控燃油喷射系统使用多个传感器来检测发动机状况和汽车的运行状 况。电控燃油喷射系统可分为三个子系统:
（1）空气供给系统。空气供给系统由空气滤清器总成、节气门体和 进气歧管组成。节气门体包含节流阀，通过驾驶员的操作，节流阀会打开 和关闭，从而控制进入进气歧管的空气量。
system 3__t_h_r_o_tt_l_e_b_o_d_y__ contains the throttle valve.
Fuel delivery system
The fuel delivery system provides the fuel mixing with the 4_____a_ir_. The fuel is taken from the fuel 5________tabnykthe fuel 6_______p_u. mThpen it is 7____s_p_r_a_y_ed_ under pressure by an injector. Any fuel which is not used is returned to the tank through the 8___f_u_e_l_r_e_t_u_r_n_l_in_e_.
汽车专业英语_2_AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE教材
Chapter 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS
energy conversion 能量转换 air/fuel ratio 空燃比 connecting rod 连杆 TDC = Top Dead Center 上止点 BDC = Bottom Dead Center 下止点 intake stroke 进气冲程 compression stroke 压缩冲程 power stroke 作功冲程 exhaust stroke 排气冲程 compression ratio 压缩率，压缩比
PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONS
internal-combustion engine 内燃机 diesel-fuel 柴油机燃料，柴油 LPG = Liquefied Petroleum Gas 液化石油气体 CNG = Compressed natural gas 压缩天然气 spark ignition 火花点火
蒸汽机 steam engine（steamer）
Watt invented the steam engine. 瓦特发明了蒸汽机。
Chapter 2 AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE
背景知识 内燃机与外燃机的最大不同在于它的燃料在其内部燃烧。内 燃机的种类十分繁多，我们常见的汽油机、柴油机是典型的内燃 机。我们不常见的火箭发动机和飞机上装配的喷气式发动机也属 于内燃机。不过，由于动力输出方式不同，前两者和后两者又存 在着巨大的差异。一般地，在地面上使用的多是前者，在空中使 用的多是后者。 当然有些汽车制造者出于创造世界汽车车速新纪录的目的， 也在汽车上装用过喷气式发动机，但这总是很特殊的例子，并不 存在批量生产的适用性。
汽车专业英语(发动机部分)
Engine surges or stalls
01
03 02
Fault symptoms and causes
• Engine runs rough or surges
Fault symptoms and causes
Engine leaks oil
Engine consumes oil excessively
01
02
03
04
定期检查机油、冷却液、 刹车液等是否充足。
定期更换空气滤清器、 机油滤清器和燃油滤清 器。
定期检查轮胎气压和磨 损情况，确保轮胎安全。
定期进行发动机和车身 的清洁，保持车辆整洁。
Engine oil and filter
01
02
03
04
正确选择机油的型号和粘度， 确保与发动机的要求相匹配。
used to connect to the OBD II port and retrieve diagnostic information.
Common troubleshooting
Check the battery and cables for corrosion or damage.
Check the air filter for blockage or damage.
电动汽车技术的应用
随着政府对环保政策的推动和消费者对环保的关注，电动汽车市场正在 不断增长。许多汽车品牌都在推出电动汽车或计划在未来推出相关车型， 如特斯拉、宝马和奥迪等。
Fuel cell technology
要点一
燃料电池技术
燃料电池是一种将燃料（通常是氢气 ）和氧化剂（通常是氧气）通过化学 反应转化为电能的装置。这种技术可 以提供清洁、高效的能源，并可用于 汽车和其他应用。
01
03 02
Fault symptoms and causes
• Engine runs rough or surges
Fault symptoms and causes
Engine leaks oil
Engine consumes oil excessively
01
02
03
04
定期检查机油、冷却液、 刹车液等是否充足。
定期更换空气滤清器、 机油滤清器和燃油滤清 器。
定期检查轮胎气压和磨 损情况，确保轮胎安全。
定期进行发动机和车身 的清洁，保持车辆整洁。
Engine oil and filter
01
02
03
04
正确选择机油的型号和粘度， 确保与发动机的要求相匹配。
used to connect to the OBD II port and retrieve diagnostic information.
Common troubleshooting
Check the battery and cables for corrosion or damage.
Check the air filter for blockage or damage.
电动汽车技术的应用
随着政府对环保政策的推动和消费者对环保的关注，电动汽车市场正在 不断增长。许多汽车品牌都在推出电动汽车或计划在未来推出相关车型， 如特斯拉、宝马和奥迪等。
Fuel cell technology
要点一
燃料电池技术
燃料电池是一种将燃料（通常是氢气 ）和氧化剂（通常是氧气）通过化学 反应转化为电能的装置。这种技术可 以提供清洁、高效的能源，并可用于 汽车和其他应用。
汽车专业英语第二章解析
摇
• bearing [‘bəriŋ]n.轴承 • journal[‘ʤə:nəl]n.轴颈 • throw [rou]n.& v.投掷，扔；n.投掷距离，
偏心距离，摆幅；（pl.）曲柄 • attach [ə‘tæt∫]v.附着，连接，固定（to） • reciprocating [ri'siprəkeitiŋ]a.往复的
• 气缸体是发动机的基体。发动机其它的部件 都安装在缸体内或固定在缸体上，它包容了 气缸、水套和油道，以及固定在缸体底部的 曲轴等。
• 2.2.2 Cylinder sleeve:
• The dry sleeve can be cast in or pressed into a new block or used to recondition badly worn damaged cylinders that cannot easily be rebored.
• 2.3.2 Piston assembly:
• Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft.
• 润滑系的机油泵从油底壳抽出机油，并把 机油输送给发动机的所有工作部件。机油 从油底壳流进流出。因而在油底壳和发动 机的工作部件之间有机油定向循环流动。
2.3 piston, Connecting rod and crankshaft
journal ['dʒə:nl; 'dʒə:nəl ] n. 日志，日记， 期刊
• bearing [‘bəriŋ]n.轴承 • journal[‘ʤə:nəl]n.轴颈 • throw [rou]n.& v.投掷，扔；n.投掷距离，
偏心距离，摆幅；（pl.）曲柄 • attach [ə‘tæt∫]v.附着，连接，固定（to） • reciprocating [ri'siprəkeitiŋ]a.往复的
• 气缸体是发动机的基体。发动机其它的部件 都安装在缸体内或固定在缸体上，它包容了 气缸、水套和油道，以及固定在缸体底部的 曲轴等。
• 2.2.2 Cylinder sleeve:
• The dry sleeve can be cast in or pressed into a new block or used to recondition badly worn damaged cylinders that cannot easily be rebored.
• 2.3.2 Piston assembly:
• Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft.
• 润滑系的机油泵从油底壳抽出机油，并把 机油输送给发动机的所有工作部件。机油 从油底壳流进流出。因而在油底壳和发动 机的工作部件之间有机油定向循环流动。
2.3 piston, Connecting rod and crankshaft
journal ['dʒə:nl; 'dʒə:nəl ] n. 日志，日记， 期刊
《Automobile Practical English》 02
❖ Cold engine and wide open throttle enrichment can be reduced with an FEI engine because fuel pudding in the intake manifold is not a problem.
❖ The combination of better fuel atomization and injection directly at the intake valve improves ability to start and run a cold engine.
❖ This eliminates the need for fuel to travel through the intake manifold , improving cylinder to cylinder distribution.
❖ By delivering fuel directly at the back of the intake valve, the intake manifold design can be optimized to improve air velocity at the intake valve.
❖Electronic Fuel Injection system=EFI 电控 燃油喷射系统
❖fuel delivery system 燃油供给系 ❖air induction system 空气供给系 ❖electronic control system 电子控制系
❖Fuel is maintained at a constant pressure by means of a fuel pressure regulator.
❖ The combination of better fuel atomization and injection directly at the intake valve improves ability to start and run a cold engine.
❖ This eliminates the need for fuel to travel through the intake manifold , improving cylinder to cylinder distribution.
❖ By delivering fuel directly at the back of the intake valve, the intake manifold design can be optimized to improve air velocity at the intake valve.
❖Electronic Fuel Injection system=EFI 电控 燃油喷射系统
❖fuel delivery system 燃油供给系 ❖air induction system 空气供给系 ❖electronic control system 电子控制系
❖Fuel is maintained at a constant pressure by means of a fuel pressure regulator.
教学课件 汽车专业英语(第二版)
throughout the cylinder area to keep the
水套
engine cool. There is also a drilled
internally
passageway within some blocks for the
内部地
camshaft. Many oil holes are drilled
Aish
汽车专业英语
Vocabulary Study Translation Skills Exercises
Chapter One Engine
➢ Unit 1 ➢ Unit 2 ➢ Unit 3
➢ Unit 4
➢ Unit 5
Engine Mechanical EFI System Engine Cooling and Lubrication
built within the block. These passageways, coolant 冷却液
also known as water sockets, surround the
oil pan 机油盘
cylinders. They allow coolant to circulate water socket
harmonic balancer 扭转减震器 timing gear 正时齿轮 chain belt 链(条)传动带
7. Valve Drive Mechanism It is used to transfer the camshaft lift The valve drive mechanism consists of the lifters, the pushrods and the rocker arms Lifters change the rotary motion of the camshaft to reciprocating motion to open and close the valve. Hydraulic lifters are used to reduce noise and control the valve clearance on many engines. They absorb the valve train clearance by using oil pressure inside the lifter body. Pushrods are used only on engines that have the camshaft placed within the block. Overhead camshafts do not need pushrods. Rocker arms are designed to change the direction of the cam lifting force.
Unit 2汽车专业英语(发动机)
Reading
In other words, the piston completes a stroke each time it changes its direction of motion. 换句话说，活塞每完成一次冲程就会改变运动方向。
In other words
In other words, they remain relatively constant or static. 换句话说，它们相对的稳定、静止。 In other words, we have adhered to scientific socialism. 也就是说，我们坚持了科学社会主义
intake valve
exhaust valve
push rod
■ Valve gear
9tappet
■ Connecting rod
timing gears
connecting rod
piston
crankshaft
flywheel
Engine cooling system
Engine lubricating system
I. Pre-questions
What impression of the engine?
complicated
power
I. Pre-questions
What are the types of the engine?
electric motors, steam engines, and internal combustion engines What’s the internal combustion engine? burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.
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The air filter housing muffles some of this noise. To
further reduce noise, some systems have a tuning venturi
inside the housing.
See fig.2-2. The shape and size of the tuning venture
SECTION 2 Air Induction Operation and Diagnosis
2.1 Air Induction System Components The air induction system is the system that supplies clean air
to the engine and controls the flow of air through the engine. See fie.2-1.
空气滤纸，也称为空气滤芯或过滤介质，必须足够坚 固以防撕裂。
如果发动机通过进气系统回火，过滤器必须是阻燃的。 为防止灰尘在过滤器周围传播，过滤器必须紧紧密封 在空气过滤器外壳上。
The air passing from the filter housing, around the
throttle plate, and into the engine creates noise.
Airflow n. 气流；空气的流动 Density n. 密度
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)Sensor 歧管绝对压力(MAP)传感器 intake air temperature (IAT) sensor 进气温度传感器
engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor 发动机冷却剂温度(ECT)传感器 mass airflow (MAF) sensor 空气流量(MAF)传感器 vacuum n. 真空；空间；真空吸尘器adj. 真空的；利用真空的 barometric pressure气压 fuel economy 燃油经济性
空气通过空气过滤器进入空气供给系统。过滤器是一个 环，圆筒，或面板的滤纸，以去除来自空气的污垢颗粒 和碎屑。 空气也可以通过被称为气流传感器的电子设备。 这个传感器测量空气进入发动机的量。
The air then flows around the throttle plate in the throttle body. The throttle plant controls engine speed by varying the amount of air entering the engine. After the air leaves the throttle body, it enters the intake manifold. The air passes through the intake manifold and enters the cylinder head. The air mixes with fuel, passes around the intake valve, and enters the cylinder. 然后空气在节气门体中的节气门板周围流动。节流装 置通过改变进入发动机的空气量来控制发动机转速。 在空气离开节流阀体后，进入进气歧管。 空气通过进气歧管进入气缸盖。空气与燃料混合，通 过进气阀，并进入气缸。
compensates for noise created by air turbulence. 空气从过滤器壳体，节气门板周围并进入发动机产
生噪音。 空气滤清器外壳可减轻这种噪音。 为了进一步降低
噪声，某些系统在外壳内部有一个调谐文丘里管。 见图2-2。 调谐文丘里管ti'a的形状和大小可补偿由于
stick vt. 刺，戳；伸出；粘贴vi. 坚持；伸出；粘住 solvent n. 溶剂；解决方法 carburetor n. 汽化器；化油器 ; recommendation 建议，推荐 /, procedure 程序、手续 monitor vt. 监控 n. 监视器；监控器；显示屏；班长 traction n. 牵引；[机][车辆] 牵引力 transmission [机] 变速器；传动装置，传递；传送；播送 transaxle n. 变速驱动桥；变速差速器 powertrain control module （PCM）动力总成控制模块 throttle position sensor (TPS) 节气门位置传感器 idle air control (IAC) 怠速空气控制 vaporize 汽化、蒸发 Inertia n. [力] 惯性 ram pressure 冲压力；全压力 pile up积累，堆放起来 revolutions per minute (rpm) 每分钟转速
空气扰动产生的噪音。
2.1.2 The Throttle Body
The throttle body contains the throttle plate, the throttle position sensor, and the idle（怠速） air control valve. Some throttle bodies also include a coolant passage.
By moving the accelerator pedal, the driver moves the
throttle plate, which controls the amount of air entering the
engine. The throttle plate is moved mechanically or
Welcome To
SECTION 2
Air Induction System Operation & Diagnosis
electronic device 电子设备 sensor 传感器 compensate 补偿，赔偿；抵消 exhaust emission 废气排放 air filter paper/air filter element/filtering media 空气滤纸/空气滤芯/过滤介质 engine backfires 发动机回火 air turbulence 空气扰动 大气湍流 accelerator pedal （汽车等的）油门踏板；[机] 加速踏板 mechanically adv. 机械地；物理上地 electronically adv. 用电子控制地 以电子方式 rough idle 怠速不稳 sluggish response 缓慢响应 stalling condition 失速状态
electronically. 节气门体包括节气门板，节气门位置传感器和怠速空
气控制阀。 一些节气门体还包括冷却液通道。 通过移动加速踏板，驾驶员可以移动节气门板，从而
控制空气进入发动机的量。 节流板可以机械或电子方式 移动。
Throttle shaft bushings may wear with use, causing rough idle problems. Varnish（清漆） can build up around the
空气 供 给 系统是向发动机提供清洁空气并控制空气通过发 动机的量的系统。参见 fie.2-1。
作业： Air enters the air induction system through the air filter. The filter is a ring, cylinder, or panel of filter paper that removes dirt particles and debris from the air. The air may also pass through the electronic device called an airflow sensor. This sensor measures the amount of air entering the engine.
body by a tube. 空气滤清器会在空气进入发动机之前清除空气中的污垢， 污染物和磨粒。 每行驶1000英里（1609公里），最多有 100,000立方英尺的空气通过空气滤清器。 一些空气滤清器安装在节气门体上。 有些安装在内部挡 泥板上，并通过lso called the air filter element or filtering media, must be strong enough to resist tearing.
Vehicle manufacturers apply throttle bore coatings（涂层） that resist dirt build-up and prevent sticking（粘连）. Harsh （刺激性的） solvents, such as（例如） carburetor cleaners,
throttle plate and throttle bore. This may cause a rough idle,
sluggish response, or stalling condition. 节气门轴衬可能会随着使用而磨损，从而导致严重的怠
速问题。 清漆会在节流板和节流孔周围堆积。 这可能会 导致怠速不稳，响应迟缓或失速状态。
may damage these coatings. Allowing debris（杂物） to enter airj'k'p inlet（进口） or
The filter must be （阻燃）flame-resistant in case（如果） the engine backfires through the air induction system.
To prevent dirt from traveling around the filter, the filter must seal tightly against the air filter housing.
further reduce noise, some systems have a tuning venturi
inside the housing.
See fig.2-2. The shape and size of the tuning venture
SECTION 2 Air Induction Operation and Diagnosis
2.1 Air Induction System Components The air induction system is the system that supplies clean air
to the engine and controls the flow of air through the engine. See fie.2-1.
空气滤纸，也称为空气滤芯或过滤介质，必须足够坚 固以防撕裂。
如果发动机通过进气系统回火，过滤器必须是阻燃的。 为防止灰尘在过滤器周围传播，过滤器必须紧紧密封 在空气过滤器外壳上。
The air passing from the filter housing, around the
throttle plate, and into the engine creates noise.
Airflow n. 气流；空气的流动 Density n. 密度
Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)Sensor 歧管绝对压力(MAP)传感器 intake air temperature (IAT) sensor 进气温度传感器
engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor 发动机冷却剂温度(ECT)传感器 mass airflow (MAF) sensor 空气流量(MAF)传感器 vacuum n. 真空；空间；真空吸尘器adj. 真空的；利用真空的 barometric pressure气压 fuel economy 燃油经济性
空气通过空气过滤器进入空气供给系统。过滤器是一个 环，圆筒，或面板的滤纸，以去除来自空气的污垢颗粒 和碎屑。 空气也可以通过被称为气流传感器的电子设备。 这个传感器测量空气进入发动机的量。
The air then flows around the throttle plate in the throttle body. The throttle plant controls engine speed by varying the amount of air entering the engine. After the air leaves the throttle body, it enters the intake manifold. The air passes through the intake manifold and enters the cylinder head. The air mixes with fuel, passes around the intake valve, and enters the cylinder. 然后空气在节气门体中的节气门板周围流动。节流装 置通过改变进入发动机的空气量来控制发动机转速。 在空气离开节流阀体后，进入进气歧管。 空气通过进气歧管进入气缸盖。空气与燃料混合，通 过进气阀，并进入气缸。
compensates for noise created by air turbulence. 空气从过滤器壳体，节气门板周围并进入发动机产
生噪音。 空气滤清器外壳可减轻这种噪音。 为了进一步降低
噪声，某些系统在外壳内部有一个调谐文丘里管。 见图2-2。 调谐文丘里管ti'a的形状和大小可补偿由于
stick vt. 刺，戳；伸出；粘贴vi. 坚持；伸出；粘住 solvent n. 溶剂；解决方法 carburetor n. 汽化器；化油器 ; recommendation 建议，推荐 /, procedure 程序、手续 monitor vt. 监控 n. 监视器；监控器；显示屏；班长 traction n. 牵引；[机][车辆] 牵引力 transmission [机] 变速器；传动装置，传递；传送；播送 transaxle n. 变速驱动桥；变速差速器 powertrain control module （PCM）动力总成控制模块 throttle position sensor (TPS) 节气门位置传感器 idle air control (IAC) 怠速空气控制 vaporize 汽化、蒸发 Inertia n. [力] 惯性 ram pressure 冲压力；全压力 pile up积累，堆放起来 revolutions per minute (rpm) 每分钟转速
空气扰动产生的噪音。
2.1.2 The Throttle Body
The throttle body contains the throttle plate, the throttle position sensor, and the idle（怠速） air control valve. Some throttle bodies also include a coolant passage.
By moving the accelerator pedal, the driver moves the
throttle plate, which controls the amount of air entering the
engine. The throttle plate is moved mechanically or
Welcome To
SECTION 2
Air Induction System Operation & Diagnosis
electronic device 电子设备 sensor 传感器 compensate 补偿，赔偿；抵消 exhaust emission 废气排放 air filter paper/air filter element/filtering media 空气滤纸/空气滤芯/过滤介质 engine backfires 发动机回火 air turbulence 空气扰动 大气湍流 accelerator pedal （汽车等的）油门踏板；[机] 加速踏板 mechanically adv. 机械地；物理上地 electronically adv. 用电子控制地 以电子方式 rough idle 怠速不稳 sluggish response 缓慢响应 stalling condition 失速状态
electronically. 节气门体包括节气门板，节气门位置传感器和怠速空
气控制阀。 一些节气门体还包括冷却液通道。 通过移动加速踏板，驾驶员可以移动节气门板，从而
控制空气进入发动机的量。 节流板可以机械或电子方式 移动。
Throttle shaft bushings may wear with use, causing rough idle problems. Varnish（清漆） can build up around the
空气 供 给 系统是向发动机提供清洁空气并控制空气通过发 动机的量的系统。参见 fie.2-1。
作业： Air enters the air induction system through the air filter. The filter is a ring, cylinder, or panel of filter paper that removes dirt particles and debris from the air. The air may also pass through the electronic device called an airflow sensor. This sensor measures the amount of air entering the engine.
body by a tube. 空气滤清器会在空气进入发动机之前清除空气中的污垢， 污染物和磨粒。 每行驶1000英里（1609公里），最多有 100,000立方英尺的空气通过空气滤清器。 一些空气滤清器安装在节气门体上。 有些安装在内部挡 泥板上，并通过lso called the air filter element or filtering media, must be strong enough to resist tearing.
Vehicle manufacturers apply throttle bore coatings（涂层） that resist dirt build-up and prevent sticking（粘连）. Harsh （刺激性的） solvents, such as（例如） carburetor cleaners,
throttle plate and throttle bore. This may cause a rough idle,
sluggish response, or stalling condition. 节气门轴衬可能会随着使用而磨损，从而导致严重的怠
速问题。 清漆会在节流板和节流孔周围堆积。 这可能会 导致怠速不稳，响应迟缓或失速状态。
may damage these coatings. Allowing debris（杂物） to enter airj'k'p inlet（进口） or
The filter must be （阻燃）flame-resistant in case（如果） the engine backfires through the air induction system.
To prevent dirt from traveling around the filter, the filter must seal tightly against the air filter housing.