单词only-的用法拓展-详解(含词汇搭配用法-虚拟语气等)
only的用法详解含配套练习
only是一个在英语中出现频率很高的词，它的意思繁多，用法复杂，不少学生常误用。
John is the only person who can read my mind. 约翰是惟一真正看透我心事的人。
She is the only girl here who knows how to drive a car.她是这儿惟一会开车的姑娘。
Jeremy is the only friend who lives near, all my other friends live far away.
杰里米是我惟一住得近的朋友，其余的朋友都住得很远。
【真题】There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ____ she was an only child. (2005辽宁)
A. ever since
B. now that
C. even though
D. even as
【解析】Only child的意思是独生子/女，了解了这一点，可以推断出主从句之间为让步关系，选择C项。全句的意思是：尽管凯特是独生女, 但她在任何时候都从未感到过孤独。
补充：an only child独生子女
My mother was an only child. 我母亲是独生女。
Only children are sometimes spoilt. 独生子女有时被宠坏了。
one and only (用以加强语气)意为“惟一的；唯一的；仅有的”
It is my one and only hope.这是我惟一的希望。
You have always been my one and only true love. 你一向是我唯一的真正的爱人。
Here he is---the one and only Frank Sinatra! 这就是他--独一无二的弗兰克.西纳特拉！
He is the only man for me.对于我来说，他是最合适的人。
The only thing to do on a hot day is to go swimming.在热天最理想的事就是去游泳。
I only touched it.我只不过摸了它一下。
I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.
我惟一遗憾的是：我仅有一次生命可以贡献给我的祖国。
He only walks to save money;he doesn’t really l ike walking.
他只是为了省钱而步行，并不是真正喜欢步行。
Father gave me this computer only for my birthday.只是因为我过生日，父亲才送给我这台电脑。My sister is in bed only because she is ill.我姐姐在床上躺着，仅仅是因为她病了。
此时，only若放在句首修饰作状语的形容词、副词、介词短语或状语从句等，主句要采用部分倒装，如：
【例句】Only when she was at an impasse (n. 绝境) did she feel great pleasure in doing so.
只有当她陷入绝境时，她才乐意这么做。
Only at home does my uncle say I am able.
只有在家，我叔叔说我很能干。
需要注意的是，如果置于句首的“only + 状语”结构是强调句——It is (was)...that...中被强调的对象，则主句不倒装。
【例题】It was only when he was in trouble _____ the value of our help.
A. that did he realize
B. did he realize
C. did that he realize
D. that he realized
【解析】此例句是含有“only+状语从句”的强调句型, 强调的正是时间状语从句，句子用正常语序，正确答案是D项。
失败反而使我们的决心更坚定了。
他匆匆忙忙赶回家, 结果发现客人们已经走了。
【例题】He got to the airport _____ to find that the plane had left two minutes before.
A. just
B. only
C. in order
D. almost
【解析】Only + 不定式结构表示令人失望的结果。题干句意为：他到达机场，结果发现飞机在两分钟之前飞走了。正确答案为B项。
【真题】It took her nearly half a year to find his address, only learning that he had passed away ten years before.(1994上海，改错题)
【解析】这里需要注意的是only与-ing形式连用也可用于表示结果，意为“结果只是……”，only 起强调作用，如：He died only leaving debts. (他死后只留下一身债。) 但是only与不定式结构连用作结果状语，表示意想不到或令人失望的结果。可以看出，句中的结果是令人失望的。因此，“only learning”应改为“only to learn”。
由Only构成的习惯搭配
picnic in the forest.(2004上海)
A. Not only they bought
B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they
D. Not only they did bring
【解析】综上所述，not only后面的分句部分倒装。因此, 正确答案是B项。
注意：Not only... but also...与主谓一致关系——Not only...but also...作为连词，还可以连接并列的主语、谓语、宾语等，连接主语部分或者谓语部分时，要注意保持主谓一致。Not only...but also...连接主语时，如同or、either...or...和neither...nor...，谓语动词的数服从就近原则——最靠近谓语动词的主语部分决定谓语动词的单复数。
【真题】Not only I but also Jane and Mary ____tired of having one examination after another. (1989全国)
A. is
B. are
C. am
D. be
【解析】句中not only...but also...连接并列主语I和Jane and Mary，根据就近原则，因为Jane
and Mary为复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。因此，正确答案是B项。
【真题】Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (1998全国，改错题)
【解析】句中的主语是“playing football”，“make”和“give”是由not only...but also...连接的并列谓语动词，根据主谓一致原则，都用单数形式。因此，“give”应改为“gives”。
not only…but also…意为“不但……而且……”。如：
Lu Xun was not only a great writer, but also a great thinker.
鲁迅不但是个伟大的文学家，而且是个伟大的思想家。
注：使用not only…but also的几个要点：
（1）连接主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语保持一致。如：
Not only he but also I have been to the Great Wall.不但是他而且我也到过长城。
He not only said it, but also did it.他不但说了，而且也做了。
他不但去过加拿大，而且认识一些加拿大人。
补充：新概念英语一课一练2
P171 Lesson 79 By Air 乘飞机
三、单项选择
10.During the war, ____but also he lost his wife and his child.
A.not was his job in the lab taken away
B. not only was his job in the lab taken away
C.not merely his job in the lab was taken away
D. not just was taken away his job in the lab
10.B
类似的题型：9. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice_____his head.
A.that he turned
B.did he turn
C.he didn’t turn
D.he had turned
9.B
5.Not until he had been told everything ____how wrong he was.
A.did he realize
B.he realized
C.he had realized
D.had he realized
答案：A
Not until he left his home _____ to know how important the family was for him.
A. did he begin
B. had he began
C. he began
D. he had begun
答案：A
Not until he had left his friend _______ how important friendship was for him.
A．did he realize B．he realized C．had he realized D．he had realized
答案：A
试题分析：1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+...。故排除BD，realize发生在had left 之后，故用一般过去时。2.Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会。
点评：当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装。
即学即练：It ______ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ______ I found we had a lot in common.
A. was until; when
B. was until; that
C. wasn’t until; when
D. wasn’t until; t hat
选D
1.It is not until China makes the transition to a new growth model that re-balancing will begin.
只有在中国开始朝着新增长模式转变以后，再平衡才会启动。
2.It is not until recently that doctors find out the causes of lung cancer.
直到最近医生们才弄清楚肺癌的起因。
3.It is not until the 1940s that such machine can be built.
直到20世纪40年代这种机器才能制造。
4.It is not until then that Mr Li realizes the importance of health.
直到那时，李先生才意识到了健康的重要性。
5.It is not until recently that doctors find out the causes of lung cancer.
直到最近医生们才弄清楚肺癌的起因。
6.It is not until recently that the history is much more detailed as commercial ventures have documented their efforts when they sought patents and trademarks.
直到最近他们获得了专利和商标权，作为一项商业投资项目水翼船的历史和完善过程才得以详述。7.It is not until 1980s that a great breakthrough was made in the academic field of metaphor.
直到20世纪80年代，学术界在该领域的研究才开始取得重大突破。
8.It is not until recently that adipose tissue engineering has aroused great interest in restoring soft tissue defects.最近，刚刚注意到用组织工程技术来修复软组织缺损。
9.The emergence of modern football played by women first took place in some European and American countries in the 1960s and it is not until 1980s that it began to be a popular sport.
20世纪60年代在欧美国家逐渐兴起的现代女子足球运动，到20世纪80年代初才逐渐形成规模。10.It is not until he approves that we will start our project.
直到他同意我们，才会开始我们的项目。
考点名称：部分倒装
部分倒装的概念：倒装英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要，需要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序则叫倒装语序。主语和助动词倒置叫部分倒装。
部分倒装：
1、含有否定意义的副词位于句首时的倒装：
在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：
如：I shall never forgive him./ Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。
He seldom goes out for dinner./Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。
She hardly has time to listen to music./Hardly does she have time to listen to music.
他几乎没时间听音乐。
He little realize show important this meeting is./Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。
airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。（详见词类知识讲解hardly when 和
no sooner than等的用法）
如：He didn't leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。
(2)某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：
如：On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。
In[Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him. 无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in
如：In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。
2、“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装：
当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：
如：Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.
当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。
3、“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时的倒装：
副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：
如：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.
光速很快，我们几乎没法像它的速度。
So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。
4、“So+助动词+主语”倒装：
当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：
如：You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。
She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。
If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。
注：(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither 或nor：
如：You aren't young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。
She hasn't read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。
(2)注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：
如："It was cold yesterday." "So it was."“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did."“爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”
5、由not only…but also引出的倒装：
当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：
如：Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。
6、虚拟条件句省略if后构成的倒装：
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should 等移到主语前，构成倒装句：
如：Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him. 若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。
Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。
Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。
注：省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：
如：Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。
同学们，一定要注意if only与only if的区别，下面2与3详细讲解了二者的用法区别，请查看
⒉从属连词If only表示不能实现或难以实现的意愿或愿望，意思为：要是……该有多好啊！引
我要是和你一样漂亮就好了。
If only I were rich.但愿我很富。
If only I could swim.要是我会游泳该多好。
If only I knew her name. 我要是知道她的名字就好了。
上海春)
A. followed
B. would follow
C. had followed
D. should follow
【解析】If only所在的句子表示与过去事实相反的假设，正确答案为C项。
If only he’d remembered to buy some fruit. 他当时要是记得买些水果来该多好。
If only I had gone by taxi. 假若我是乘计程车去的就好了。
3
If only it would stop raining. 真希望雨能停。
If only they would tell me what they’ve decided. 但愿他们能把决定告诉我。
4
他要是能得到这个工作，情况就会大不相同。
⒊Only if是由充当前置修饰语的副词only和从属连词if组合而成的，表示惟一条件，意为“只有……才……”，引导让步状语从句，用以表示条件。Only if易与if only混淆，这一点要特别注意。
【例句】—Will you come? 你来吗？
—Only if you promise not to invite Mary.只要你保证不请玛丽(我就来)。
He studied hard only to fail in the exam.他这么用功，竟然在考场上失利。
He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.他一路冲往车站，结果还是错过了火车。My wife went home in a hurry only to find the door locked.我妻子急忙回到家，结果却发现门锁着。
只有得到教师的允许，学生才可以进这间屋。
只要红灯一亮，就表示有危及职工的险情。
only if引导陈述语气的真实条件句，意为“只要”。如：
Only if you study hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。
三、用作并列连词
用作并列连词时，意为“但是、可是、可惜、不过”。如：
This dictionary is just what I want, only it costs too much.这本词典正是我想要的，但是太贵了。
He is always ready to promise help, only he never keeps his promise.
他总是轻易许诺提供帮助，但是他从不遵守诺言。
The flowers are lovely, only they have no scent.这些花朵很好看，可异没有香气。
I would do it with pleasure, only I am too busy.我倒是很高兴去做，可是我太忙了。
You may come at any time, only you had better let me know beforehand.
你什么时候来都行，不过最好先告诉我一声。
四、only在句中的位置
only在句中的位置不同，会使全句的意思或着重点有所不同，一般来讲，only应紧接在它所修饰的词之前。试比较：
Only Tom watches TV at home on Sunday.只有汤姆星期天在家看电视。（修饰主语）
Tom only watches TV at home on Sunday.汤姆星期天在家只是看电视。（修饰谓语）
Tom watches only TV at home on Sunday.汤姆星期天在家看的只是电视。（修饰宾语）
Tom watches TV only at home on Sunday.汤姆星期天只是在家看电视。（修饰地点状语）
Tom watches TV at home only on Sunday.汤姆只是星期天在家看电视。（修饰时间状语）
五、only与倒装语序
only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，要用倒装语序(部分倒装)。如：
Only then did I realize the importance of health.到那时我才认识到健康的重要性。
Only thus can we finish the task ahead of time.只有这样我们才能提前完成任务。
Only gradually was the by product of the institution noted,and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.人们只是逐渐地认识到制度这一副产品,而在运行这种制度的过程中,认识到这种效果具有指导性作用的时间则更加缓慢.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own.直到最近,语言学家才开始认真研究与他们自己所掌握的完全不同的语言.
Only at home does my uncle say I am able.只有在家，我叔叔说我很能干。
Only in this way can you learn from your mistakes.只有用这种方式你才能从你的错误中吸取教训。
Only when the students study happily will they study efficiently.
Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.
Only when she was at an impasse (n. 绝境) did she feel great pleasure in doing so.
只有当她陷入绝境时，她才乐意这么做。
Only when you have been absorbed in the study can you reach an idea whether it is impossible or not to complete it on time.只有当你全身心投入该研究中时,你才能得知能否按时完成。
注意：only修饰主语时，句子不需要倒装。
Only he knows the truth.只有他知道真相。
Only socialism can save China.只有社会主义才能救中国。
Only she understood him.只有她才理解他。
Only very careful readers can find this mistake.只有非常细心的读者才会发现这个错误。
六、only的习惯用法
1.only too意为“很、非常、实在”（与形容词或过去分词连用）。如：
The news was only too true.这消息是极其真实的。
That’s only too true,I’m afraid. 我看这是真事（说话者但愿并非真事。）
I am only too glad to help you.我实在很高兴帮助你。
I shall be only too pleased to get home. 我要回到家里就非常高兴。
We are only too pleased to watch this TV play.我们非常喜欢看这部电视剧。
2. only just（加强just的语气）意为“：
（1）好容易、刚才、刚刚”
We’ve only just arrived. 我们刚到。
I’ve only just moved to London. 我刚刚搬到伦敦。
The plane has only just taken off.飞机刚刚才起飞。
（2）差一点没，几乎不
He only just caught the train. 他差点没赶上火车。
I was only just in time for supper.我好容易赶上吃晚饭。
I’ve enough milk for the coffee--but only only just.我的牛奶够喝咖啡用的--刚刚够。
疑难解答提问表
答疑老师填写
请看下面两道高考题：
1. Only in this way ___________ progress in your English. (MET84) (B)
A. you make
B. can you make
C. you be able to make
D. will you able to make
2. He is the only one of the students who ___________ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海2002春招) (D)
A. is
B. are
C. have been
D. has been
再看本单元的一个句子：Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.只有那样我们才能保证自己对来自生活的挑战和机遇有充分的准备。
那么，考题1的答案为什么选B?考题2的答案为什么不选C?课文中的句子"Only in that way will we be ready ..."为什么不说成"Only in that way we will be ready..."?本文就此详细谈谈only的用法。
我们知道，only可作副词和形容词，意思是"仅；只"，其主要用法有如下几点：
1.在一般情况下，only通常放在它所修饰的成分之前。例如：
She saw only seven men.她看到的只有七个人。
We learned it only yesterday.我们昨天才知道这件事。
2. only修饰谓语时，通常放在动词之前。如果有be动词、助动词或情态动词，则放在这类词之后。例如：
He's only a worker.他只是个工人。
I've only read the book once.此书我只看过一次。
3. only修饰状语时，通常放在句子末尾。但有时为了加强状语的语气，也可将only及其后面的状语提前放在句首。这时，句子要用部分倒装语序，即将be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。例如：
译：只是到了那时我们之间才有了更好的了解。
误：Only then we got to know each other better.
正：Only then did we get to know each other better.
正：We got to know each other better only then.
如果是复合句，只倒装主句部分，从句部分不倒装。例如：
Only after new China was founded was he able to go to school.
只是在新中国成立后，他才能上学。
4. only doing sth.与only to do sth.都可作结果状语，区别是：only to do sth.表示主语难以预想的结果或结果出乎主语的意料之外；only doing sth.表示谓语动词的动作造成的结果。例如：The sap passes right through their bodies, only getting a little thicker and sweeter.液汁径直流过它们的体内,结果变得更浓、更甜。
Smith hurried home, only to find the door locked.史密斯急忙赶回家,结果却发现门锁着。
I worked hard, only to fail at last.我勤苦工作,结果却是失败。
5. only修饰定语从句的先行词时,定语从句的引导词通常用that,而不用which；only修饰"one of
／among＋复数名词"这一结构时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。(详见定语从句that与which区别)例如：
He is the only one of the students who has read the book.他是那些学生中惟一看过这本书的人。(不用have)
Guilin is the only city that he has been to.桂林是他去过的惟一的城市。(不用which)
巩固性练习：
1. Only when those conditions are right, ___________ a communist society.
A. there will really be
B. we will really have
C. will there really be
D. really we'll have
2. Only after I read the text over again ___________ its main idea.
A. that I knew
B. did I know
C. I could know
D. I did know
3. That's the only thing ___________ we can do now.
A. which
B. what
C. all
D. that
4. Only ___________ when the train will arrive.
A. do the father and the son know
B. the father and the son know
C. the father and the son knew
D. did the father or the son know
5.The thief stole into the house only ___________ by the people there.
A. to be caught
B. to catch
C. catching
D. caught
6.Tom lifted a rock only ___________ it ___________ his own feet.
A. to drop; on
B. drop; to
C. dropping; down
D. dropped; on
7.Only when ___________ the painting ___________ decide whether the painting is worth buying.
A. he sees; he can
B. does he see; can he
C. he sees; can he
D. sees he; he can
8.This is the only one of the books ___________ we need.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. all
9. Mary is the only one among the ___________ writers who ___________ stories for children.
A. woman; writes
B. women; writes
C. women; write
D. woman; write
参考答案:1-5 CBDBA 6-9 ACAB
状语only doing sth 与only to do sth的区别
比较“only+现在分词（短语）”和“only+不定式（短语）”：这两个结构在句中都可以用来表示结果。但有区别：
only doing后接现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，表结果意思是“结果就……”，
表示一个意料之中的结果, 表示伴随，作伴随状语。
He went out of the room with few clothes on, only feeling rather cold.
他出去时衣穿得很少，渐渐地感到有些冷了。
He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了，结果只留下了一身债务。
He dropped the plate, only breaking it into pieces. 盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。
He aimed,fired, only bringing down a red-necked bird. 他瞄准，射击，结果带下了一只红颈鸟。 only to do= just to do而后接不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，表结果意思是“不料(却)……，结果(却)……”。表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果，不定式要放在句子后面。表目的“仅仅为了”，如：
I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全放在家里。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. 他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
I arrived at the shop only to find I'd left all my money at home. 我到商店却发现钱全落在家了。
a. I come here only to say good-bye to you.
b. He was busy writing a story, only _________ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop
B. stopping
C. to have stopped
D. having stopped
C. She hurried home just to take care of the sick child. 她匆匆回家就是为了照顾生病的孩子。
高考虚拟语气用法详解()
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us.
If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如： Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
虚拟语气用法总结
虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词 原形（或be）如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，列表如下： 例如：If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
虚拟语气的特殊用法教学提纲
虚拟语气的特殊用法
虚拟语气的特殊用法 江苏省郑集高级中学李博雅 一．在动词suggest(提议,提出,建议), advise(劝告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提议), require(要求), insist(坚持, 坚决主张), command(命令), request(请求, 恳求), desire(请求), prefer(提出)等动词后的宾语从句的谓语，这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从句的谓语，以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气, should可以省略。如： 1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize. 2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting. 3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf. 4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（宾语从句） = The general’s order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（表语从句） = It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（主语从句） = The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（同位语从句） 5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.（宾语从句） = My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.（表语从句） = It is suggested that he (should) be careful.（主语从句） = I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.（同位语从句） 二．在动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，现在或将来的动作用过去式(常含有情态动词could或would)；过去的动作用过去完成式。wish用过去式，从句中与wished同时发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式(也常含有情态动词could或would)；在wished之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如： 1. How I wish I could fly to the moon. 2. He wishes I had come yesterday. 3. I wished he could come to give me a hand. 4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier. 三．在以 in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中，谓语常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“should + 动词原形”，特别是从句为否定结构。如： 1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly. 2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move? 3. She stood away so that I should enter first. 4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2
高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结
高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be） 如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟 例如：If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
虚拟语气的用法讲解
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
虚拟语气用法归纳优选稿
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虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用
would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点解析含答案(1)
高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点解析含答案(1) 一、选择题 1．Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice. A．If only you would have followed B．If only you followed C．If only you would follow D．If only you had followed 2．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ. A．was not; would die B．were not; would have died C．had not been; would died D．had not been; would have died 3．Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight . A．could not have solved B．could not be solved C．can not have been solved D．could not have been solved 4．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 5．—Oh, dear. I’m really ve ry busy now. —Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school? A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak 6．The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now. A．would be B．could have been C．will be D．might have been 7．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 8．I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived. A．had written B．wrote C．would write D．would have written 9．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made. A．is not started B．will not be started C．not be started D．is not to be started 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．--- Are you happy now? --- If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever. A．am B．were C．had been D．should be 12．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 13．－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving. － I wish they ______ always late. A．aren’t B．weren’t C．wouldn’t be D．hadn’t be en 14．________, the damage would be incalculable.
虚拟语气的特殊用法学案
虚拟语气的特殊用法 一、混合式虚拟语气 条件从句中的动词所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。 使用混合式虚拟语气时,注意要抓住主从句中时间的象征性词汇（如now, yesterday 等）来确定是与哪种事实相反，然后再根据主从句中谓语动词的构成来确定。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天对他讲的话，你现在就知道怎么做了。 If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now. 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。 二、含蓄条件句 含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有： 1.介词或介词短语，如but for(要不是……), without, in case of, under more favourable conditions（在更有利的条件下）等取代了if引导的条件状语从句。 Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。 He would have failed but for.his teacher's timely advice =if it had not been for his teacher's timely advice 如果没有老师及时的建议的话，他可能失败了。 We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。 We could have done better under more favourable conditions. 在更有利的条件下，我们还可以做得更好些。 2. 用but that+从句（要不是，若非），otherwise, or, but 等分句来代替if引导的条件状语从句。 But that he saw i t with his own eyes, he couldn’t have believed it. 要不是亲眼所见，她不可能相信这事的。（从句用陈述语气，主句用虚拟语气） He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he had an important meeting to attend.他昨天上午就会来看你了，可他有个重要的会议要参加。（主句用虚拟语气，分句用陈述语气） I was ill that day. Otherwise/ or I would have taken part in your birthday party. （本句省略的条件句为If I hadn’t been ill that day.）（如果那天我没生病的话）我那天生病了，否则我就参加你的生日聚会了。 1. If you _____________(follow) my advice yesterday, you _____________(be) better now.
高考英语虚拟语气语法专项讲解
虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形 有时候在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
英语虚拟语气用法详解
英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如： I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如： Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的，但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for
英语虚拟语气讲解
英语虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句主句 与现在事实相反 If 主语+动词过去式（be的过 去式用were） Should would, might， could+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词 与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去 式用were）；should＋动词原 形；were to＋动词原形 should（would, might， could）+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句， If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。） 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句， If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
虚拟语气用法大全
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过