高中英语选修八Unit4课时达标检测
人教高中英语选修八课时作业：nit Pygmalion单元质量评估检测卷四 含答案
单元质量评估检测卷(四)(时间：120分钟满分：150分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What does the man really imply?A．The presentation is not important.B．It's very hard to do the presentation.C．Do one's best to do it well.2．When should the man get to school?A．At 8：00 a．m. .B．At 8：45 a．m. .C．At 8：10 a．m. .3．What did Jasmine do in the competition?A．Winning the second prize.B．Winning the first prize.C．Winning the third prize.4．Where does the conversation probably take place?A．In a copy room.B．In a teacher's office.C．In a paper shop.5．What can we infer from the conversation?A．The man was bitten by the neighbor's dog.B．The man wants to live in a quieter place.C．The man's dog is always barking with his neighbor's.第二节(共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
新人教版高中英语选修8Unit4检测试题
新⼈教版⾼中英语选修8Unit4检测试题 特别是临近期末的时候，对于⾼中英语的复习还怎样着⼿进⾏呢?处于困惑中你，不妨和店铺⼀起来做份新⼈教版⾼中英语选修8 Unit 4检测试题，希望对各位有帮助! 新⼈教版⾼中英语选修8 Unit 4检测试题及答案 ⼀、⽤所给单词的适当形式完成下列句⼦ 1.Many lakes and rivers have been ________ by industrial waste.The new law will reduce the ________ of the water.(pollute) 答案：polluted;pollution 2.When did the United Nations come into ________ ?Meat will not get cheaper under the ________ condition.(exist) 答案：existence;existent/existing 3.In ________ with metal，plastics have both advantages and disadvantages. ________ with many women，she was indeed fortunate.(compare) 答案：comparison;Compared 4.All the ________ work in the company is done by my brother.Yesterday he was free because there was no ________.(electric) 答案：electrical;electricity 5.The work was going on ________ successfully.Since then，he has made slow but ________ progress.(steady) 答案：steadily;steady 6.It is ________ that all the people in the accident were killed.The Prime Minister is to make a ________ tomorrow.(state) 答案：stated;statement 7.Do you know what the ________ of your action will be?As a ________ of your carelessness，I am forced to fire you because I missed the train and __ ______ our company missed a good chance. (consequence) 答案：consequences;consequence;consequently ⼆、翻译下列短语 1.反对 ________________ 答案：be opposed to 2.发⽣，造成 ________________ 答案：come about 3.同意，订购 ______ __________ 答案：subscribe to 4.⼤量的 ________________ 答案：a quantity of 5.上升，增长 ________________ 答案：go up 6.⼤体上，基本上 ________________ 答案：on the whole 7.代表……⼀⽅ ________________ 答案：on behalf of 8.忍受，容忍 ________________ 答案：put up with 9.只要 ________________ 答案：so long as/as long as 10.等等 ________________ 答案：and so on 11.温室效应 ________________ 答案：greenhouse effect 12.继续 ________________ 答案：keep on 三、⽤上述短语完成下列句⼦ 1.I had no idea that your husband ________ my visits.I had thought he would say yes. 答案：was opposed to 2.The chairman signed the document ________ the company. 答案：on behalf of 3.It was a pretty good conference ________. 答案：on the whole 4.________ we have fair opportunity，we are likely to win the match. 答案：As/So long as 5.It is hard for me to ________ the ugly song，you'd better not sing it any more. 答案：put up with 6.Can you tell me how it ________ that your parents don't allow us to stay together? 答案：comes about 四、语法填空 Eightyearold Boku knows there is a good way to move a goat from the market to the slaughterhouse(屠宰场).He knows you must grab behind both ears and pull.After two years on the job he has learned 1.______ hard way.Mohammed Hassan,2.________ fiveyearold brother，hasn't quite got the skill of it yet.Still，they are 3.________(thank)they have a job. Boku and Mohammed's father 4.______(die) five years ago，and after their mother's shop burnt down，she became ill.So Boku had to support the family at six，and soon Mohammed followed. “Every day I wake up and go to the market to do my work，”says Boku.“When I am finished I just come back home.I have to work,5.________ we don't get food.” Boku and Mohammed will earn less than one US cent for each goat that they deliver up the hill to the Kiamaiko slaughterhouses.As they pick their way through the slum(贫民区)between the market and the slaughterhouses，Boku and Mohammed are frequently robbed 6.________ older boys. The slaughterhouse owners,7.________wouldn't give their names 8.________ fear of being arrested，told us that hundreds of children work inside their buildings. Child Labor is illegal in Kenya，but police rarely target business owners for 9.______(hire) children in the slums.The police say they are doing their best 10.______(solve)the problem. 语篇解读：8岁的Boku和他的5岁的弟弟为了⽣活，在成⼈的世界⾥努⼒⼯作，只为了得到⼀点⾷物。
高中英语选修8(人教版)《Unit 4 Pygmalion》(课标卷,含答案分析)课时作业(八) Using Language精编版
课时作业(八)Using LanguageⅠ.单词拼写1．It is a________(恐怖的) thing to see one person make another suffer.2．The ________ (裁判员) whistled and the game began.3．His ________ (寒酸的) appearance creates a bad impression.4．She likes chocolate ________(饼干) with white cream filling.5．His speech was long and ________ (令人厌恶的)．6．We could hear the child ________(啜泣) in the other room.7．She was paralysed from the ________(腰部) down.8．We can ________ (俯视) the church from our house.9．The hotel has a ________(洗衣服) service.10．Maybe we can ________(折中) on this.Ⅱ.单项填空1．selection types.A．mixture B．collectionC．compound D．compromise2．(2013·六盘水高二检测)Some schools in the remote villages are ________textbooks and desks.A．in charge of B．in place ofC．in favor of D．in need of3．While he was in Dalian in Northeast China's Liaoning Province last year，he stayed in a hotel________the sea.A．overlooking B．overworkingC．overcoming D．oversleeping4．—Mike，it's a pity you didn't come to last night's concert.It was really great!—Really？If I ________so busy，I would have gone with you.A．hadn't been B．weren'tC．shouldn't be D．wouldn't be5．When he didn't know how to get out of the building，a boy_______ him________.A．showed；out B．showed；inC．showed；around D．showed；off6．(2013·石家庄高二检测)We are________at the standard of service we received.A．disgusting B．disgustC．disgusted D．disgustingly7．When day dawned，stars________from the sky.A．kept away B．faded outC．faded into D．died out8．I met my friend at the library only ________.A．another day B．the other dayC．some day D．these days9．(2013·烟台高二检测)—I'm not good at dancing，you know.—________ It's just for fun.A．Don't say so. B．Come on!C．What a pity! D．Cheer up.10．Albert Einstein is a ________ scientist.A．effective B．brilliantC．outstanding D．generousⅢ.阅读理解AMost people have heard of Shakespeare and probably know something of the plays that he wrote.However，not everybody knows much about the life of this remarkable man，except perhaps that he was born in the market town ofknow nothing of his school life.We do not know，for example，how long it lasted，but we presume that he attended the local grammar school，where the principal subject taught was Latin.Nothing certain is known for what he did between the time he left school and hisdeparture for London.According to a local legend，he was beaten and even put in prison for stealing rabbits and deer from the estate of a neighboring landowner，Sir Thomas Lucy.It is said that because of this he was forced to run away from his native place.A different legend says that he was apprenticed to a Stratford butcher，but did not like the life and for this reason decided to leave Stratford.Whatever caused him to leave the town of his birth，the world can be grateful that he did so.What is certain is that he set his foot on the road to fame when he arrived in London.It is said that at first he had no money or friends there，but that he earned a little by taking care of the horses of the gentlemen who attended the plays at the theatre.In time，as he became a familiar figure to the actors in the theatre，they stopped and spoke to him.They found his conversation so brilliant that finally he was invited to join their company.1．In the early life of Shakespeare，he________.A．attended a public schoolB．lived in LondonC．studied LatinD．was put in prison for stealing cattle2．Why was he forced to leave his native place according to this passage?A．Because he did not want to go to school.B．Because he left for London to become famous.C．Because he had stolen deer and was beaten.D．No one knows for certain.3．Why can the world be grateful that he left his hometown?A．BecauseB．Because he became a good rider in London.C．Because he was an actor at last.D．Because he travelled all over the world.4．The BEST title is________.A．The Early Life of ShakespeareB．Shakespeare's Life in LondonC．Shakespeare's Role in PerformanceD．Shakespeare's Later LifeBWhether it's a carol(圣诞颂歌) service or an evening of karaoke in the pub，many people will enjoy a good old singsong this Christmas.Singing aloud will not just lift the spirits－it's good for your physical health as well.Filling the lungs with air，increasing the heart rate and getting blood pumping round the body faster can all help our physical health.For the past few years Heart Research UK has been running a Christmas campaign aimed at getting people singing，simply for the benefit it can bring.The organizer of the campaign says singing is a safe，simple and social activity that everyone can enjoy.“Singing is linked to long life，stress reduction，and general health protection.It also brings a great amount of happiness.It is impossible to sing well with a long face because it affects your pitch(音高)．”Professor Graham Welch，who leads the International Music Education Research Centre at the University of London，has spent more than 30 years studying the effects of singing.He says that singing is a form of exercise.It means we're also having a strong aerobic activity(有氧运动) when we're singing，which results in increasing the feeling of pleasure while decreasing that of stress.“And communal singing－like in a singing group，a church service or even a singsong in the pub－helps improve our sense of self-respect.It increases our sense of satisfaction with ourselves，a greater sense of feeling included.”Helen Astrid，a singing teacher，also sees the great effects that singing brings.“It lifts us up on a spiritual level，it helps out self-respect，and it's great for all ages from small kids to grannies－you can have a good sing and let_your_hair_down.”But she warns people not to have too many beers or glasses of wine，though a glass may help them gather courage before taking to the stage during the holidays.5．Heart Research UK holds a campaign to ________.A．encourage people to sing for God at ChristmasB．study the effects of singing on peopleC．get people to sing and improve their healthD．bring happiness to people during holidays6．The underlined part “let your hair down” probably means ________. A．feel at easeB．protect yourselfC．dress casuallyD．cover your nervousness7．What can we infer from the passage?A．Singing at Christmas is good for health.B．In a low mood one is not able to sing well.C．Experts have disagreement on singing.D．Singing is the same as other aerobic activities.8．Which is the BEST title of the passage?A．Karaoke－Best Place for Singing!B．Christmas－Best Time for Singing!C．Singing－Healthy but Difficult!D．For Health－Let's Sing!Ⅳ.翻译句子1．容易忽略像那样的小细节。
高二英语人教版选修8unit4Section Ⅲ随堂检测及课时作业精选(含答案解析)
Ⅰ品句填词1．As far as I am concerned, the new products are superior(高级的) to the old ones.2．After a heated discussion, the two sides reached a compromise(和解) in court eventually.3．In fact, overlooking(忽视) the detailed information may place us in a dilemma.4．The scene of the murder was so horrible(恐怖的) that the waitress couldn’t help bursting out crying.5．I saw an old woman in shabby(破旧的) clothes asking passers-by for money when I went past a coffee shop.6．When he saw the injured woman in the accident, he came up to her without hesitation(犹豫)．7．The curtains I bought many years ago in the supermarket have faded(褪色) in the sun.8．Lots of musical(音乐的) instruments can be found in the shop.9．His servile expression of praise for his employer was disgusting(使人反感的) to me.10．It’s cold and windy today. You’d better put on your woolen(羊毛的) scarf when you go out.Ⅱ选词填空in need of; make the acquaintance of; in terms of; pass oneself off as; show...in; once more; generally speaking; fade outTwo years ago, the man passed__himself__off__as a doctor to sell illegal drugs to the old people.2．Generally__speaking,__doing regular exercise in a proper way contributes to good health.3．When we moved to Shanghai, my parents made__the__acquaintance__of a musician, who had a great influence on me later.4．Although she is young, she is much more experienced than others in__terms__of working ability.5．It’s so cold outside and you’d better show the old man in．6．The teacher asked the students to read the article once__more to get a better understanding of it.7．Judging from his worried look, the man was in__need__of help from the passersby.8．The sound of the little boy’s crying faded__out gradually in the distance.Ⅲ完成句子1．长期谈判之后，双方达成了妥协。
高中英语(人教版 选修8)Unit 4 阶段质量检测 A卷 学业水平达标
A卷学业水平达标(时间：120分钟满分：150分)第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．What can we learn from the conversation?A．The woman thinks the man has nothing to do with the accident.B．The man thought the accident was his fault.C．The man doesn’t agree with the woman.2．How soon will the man’s uncle get to the station?A．In twenty minutes.B．In fifteen minutes.C．In five minutes.3．Where does the conversation take place?A．At home.B．At a hotel.C．At a supermarket.4．How does the woman feel?A．Sad. B．Happy. C．Tired.5．What can we know about the woman?A．She is still smoking.B．She used to carry matches or a lighter.C．She sells matches and lighters.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
高中人教版英语选修8第4课测试
Test on Unit 4I. V ocabulary (20%)A. Complete the following sentences with the right words or word forms.1.As the pollution caused by the nuclear leakage (核泄漏) in Japan e____________,neighboring nations are taking concrete actions to prevent the potential damages.2.Recipes (食品的做法) should meet personal needs. For example, if you are concerned aboutthe extra calories, you can use a low-fat a__________ to butter while making the course.3.On hearing the story of the poor girl Lin Guangzhu, people started to donate moneyv__________ for her operation, which demonstrated the fact that kindness prevails in our society.4.Huawei manufactures and d__________ tele-communication related products worldwide.You can find its products in more than 90 countries around the world.5.Actress Barbie Hsu and millionaire entrepreneur exchanged vows in front of family andfriends on the beach in Sanya, Hainan on the afternoon of March 22nd and the details of the ceremony were r__________ by Zhang Chaoyang through his microblog.6.M__________ by the devotion to charity course, Jacky Chan announced that he woulddonate all his money to charity instead of leaving it to his son Jaycee Chan.7.KFC has i_________ Malaysian flavor into the fried chicken and added the new Nyonya (娘惹) chicken wings to its menu.8.Irritated by the factory’s failing to pay their wages for months, the d__________ workersdecided to go on a strike.9.Don’t get distracted by _____________ (relevance) facts. Only by adhering to the focus ofour research can we achieve success.10.You really shouldn’t doubt about his __________ (competent). Just have a look at the salesrecord, and you will know he has exceptional talent.11.As a famous book critic, she is hugely ____________ (influence). Whatever has beenrecommended by her will soon come to the list of “best sellers”.12.The general demands strict _______________ (disobedient) from his troops. Anyone whosays no or even shows a sign of hesitation will be severely punished.B. Choose the right phrases below to fill in the blanks.13.It seems to take years for the paint to _______________. Painted last week, it is still wetnow.14.Having been trapped in the traffic jam for almost an hour, Jane got to the theatre late and_______________ nearly half of the play.15.With promotion, she _______________ greater responsibilities, which means even less timecan be spent with the family for her.16.Identical twins as they are, Zoe and Tina differ greatly in preferences. Zoe tends to be quiet,introverted and prefers classical music. _______________, Tina finds great interest in associating with people and cannot even live without rock-and-roll.17.Philips has been engaged in an endless round of restructuring ________________ make itselfmore competitive.18.The importance of exercise to good health is only one example of aspects of life people mostoften _______________. They, however, have no idea why it is important and how important it is.19.Economic overgrowth will _______________ a series of problems, among which inflation isa significant one.20.One common concern that is frequently heard with regard to orphans is the lack of propercare and love, and, as you can imagine, most of the orphans _____________ have a complete family as their peers.II. Multiple Choice (10%)21.The plan has to be _______ to meet the real situation.A. adjustedB. adaptedC. producedD. refounded22.I ______ my university professor in the supermarket near my house, which was out of myexpectation.A. came outB. came acrossC. came aboutD. came along23.The man I ______ yesterday in the street is my manager.A. paid a visitB. had a talkC. metD. dropped24.I was about to go to bed _____ one of my old classmates made a call to me.A. whenB. asC. whileD. that25.Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that26.You may call on me from one to five o’clock, during _____ I am always at home.A. the timeB. what timeC. that timeD. which time27.China is the birthplace of kites, _____ kiteflying（放风筝）spread to Japan, Korea, Thailandand India.A. from thereB. whereC. from whereD. there28.He has to work on Sundays, _____ he does not like.A. and whichB. whichC. and whenD. when29.The general at last got a chance to visit the village _____ he used to fight, _____ he had beendreaming of for years.A. that, whichB. where, thatC. in which, whatD. where, which30._____, the compass was first made in China.A. It is know to allB. It is known thatC. We all knowD. As is known to allIII. Passage Completion (10%)Viennese-born composer Frederick Loewe, 31 we remember from his classical music als including “My Fair Lady”an d “Camelot”, was not always famous. He studied piano with the great masters of Europe and achieved huge success as a 32 (music) and composer in his early years. But 33 he immigrated to the United States, he failed as a pianist. For a while he tried other types of work including gold mining and boxing. 34 he never gave uphis dream and continued to play the piano and write music.35 those difficult years, he could not always afford 36 (make) payments on his piano. One day, bent over the keyboard, he could hear nothing but the music that he played with such rare inspiration. When he finished and looked up, he was astonished to find that he had 37 audience of three moving men who 38 (seat) on the floor.They said nothing and made no movement toward the piano. Instead, they dug into their pockets, pooled together enough money for the payment, placed it on the piano and walked out, empty 39 (hand). Moved by the beauty of his music, these men recognized excellence and responded to 40 .IV. Cloze Test(15%)Where did all the tigers go? That’s what Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh wants to know. India’s Sariska Project Tiger Reserve, once home to 26 tigers, is now home to none. Singh has ordered a police investigation into the ___41___，and created a new taskforce to save the ___42___ animals.Tigers are an endangered species(物种). Half of the world’s tiger ___43___ live in India. For years, tigers have been disappearing from India’s national parks, but Sariska may be the last straw. And the government has to ___44___On Thursday, Singh held the first meeting of ___45___ officials, wildlife experts, and related leaders, aiming to ___46___ the nation’s remaining tigers,and to 47 a plan to keep them safe.It is not hard to guess why the tigers are disappearing. Poachers (偷猎者) can 48 the big cats for $ 50,000 each. Tigher skin and bones are popular in Chinese 49 . A single tiger tooth can fetch $ 120. Recently, a group of poachers admitted killing ten tigers in Sariska and were 50 .“Indian tiger poaching is probably the 51 conservation problem in modern times.” said Belinda Wright, the bead of the Wildlife Protection Society of India.However, poaching isn’t the only 52 . Many poachers use advanced technologies, like night glassed and long – range binoculars. Forest security officers are paid so 53 that few of them 54 to track down the preachers. Even if a security guard were to find a poacher, many carry only a stick to make him obey the law.Tiger fans hope that Singh’s plans mean end for the poachers and 55 for the endangered species.41.A．project B．disappearance C．reserve D．home42.A．dangerous B．huge C．rare D．fierce43.A．population B．percentage C．generation D．group44.A．care B．plan C．react D．wake45.A．business B．trade C．army D．forest46.A．ensure B．count C．keep D．feed47.A．come up with B．put up with C．catch up with D．go on with48.A．raise B．hunt C．sell D．shoot49.A．food B．tradition C．culture D．medicine50.A．found B．arrested C．prohibited D．controlled51.A．oldest B．hottest C．biggest D．latest52.A．problem B．worry C．crime D．factor53.A．commonly B．poorly C．slightly D．highly54.A．determine B．remember C．hesitate D．bother55.A．success B．lamp C．hope D．achievementV. Reading Comprehension (20%)AAs a professor at a large American university, there is a phrase that I hear often from students: “I’m only a 1050.”The unlucky students are speaking of the score on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT), which is used to determine whether they will be admitted to the college or university of their choice, or even if they have a chance to get a higher education at all. The SAT score, whether it is 800, 1100 or 1550, has become the focus at this time of their life.It is obvious that if students value highly their test scores, then a great amount of their self-respect is put in the number. Students who perform poorly on the exam are left feeling that it is all over. The low test score, they think, will make it impossible for them to get into a good college. And without a degree from a prestigious university, they fear that many of life’s doors will remain forever closed.According to a study done in the 1990s, the SAT is only a reliable indicator of a student’s future performance in most cases. Interestingly, it becomes much more accurate when it is set together with other indicators – like a student’s high school grades. Even if standardized tests like SAT could show a student’s academic proficiency, they will never be able to test things like confidence, efforts and willpower, and are unable to give us the full picture of a student’s potentialities. This is not to suggest that we should stop using SAT scores in our college admission process. The SAT is an excellent test in many ways, and the score is still a useful means of testing students. However, it should be only one of many methods used.56.The purpose of the SAT is to test student s’ __________.A. strong willB. academic abilityC. full potentialitiesD. confidence in school work57.Students’ self-respect is influenced by their __________.A. scores in the SATB. achievements in mathematicsC. job opportunitiesD. money spent on education58.“A prestigious university” is most probably __________.A. a famous universityB. a technical universityC. a traditional universityD. an expensive university59.This passage is mainly about __________.A. how to prepare for the SA TB. stress caused by the SATC. American higher educationD. the SAT and its effects60.What is the writer’s attitude towards the SA T?A. SubjectiveB. ObjectiveC. CriticalD. ApprovingBNuclear radiation has a certain mystery, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can’t be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. Thereare other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we cannot detect them or sense them without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can’t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in important organs. Even the lowest level can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and when they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.There is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated (放射治疗) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result.A child can be born weak or easy to get serious illnesses as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.61.According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.A. the nuclear mysteryB. radiation detectionC. the radiation levelD. nuclear radiation62.Radiation can lead to serious trouble __________.A. when it kills few cellsB. if it damages few cellsC. though the damaged cells can repair themselvesD. when the damaged cells reproduce themselves63.Radiation can hurt us so much that it can _________.A. kill large numbers of cells in main organsB. replace cells which may grow into cancer years laterC. affect the healthy growth of our younger generationD. both A and C64.Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?A. The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized.B. The mystery about radiation has been solved.C. Cancer is only caused by radiation.D. Radiation can hurt those who do know about its danger.65.What would be the best title of the text?A. Radiation can hurt us.B. Radiation is the source of cancer.C. Radiation is a subject scientists work on.D. Radiation is a mystery.CSo long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children what only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing Reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading.Douglas insists that “Reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: it can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If roles of teacher and learner are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”When the roles of teachers and learners are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated, leaning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.66.The teaching of reading will be successful if _________.A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC. teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD. too much time is spent in teaching activities observable67.The underlined word “scrutiny” (Line 4 Para. 3) most probably means ________.A. inquiryB. observationC. controlD. suspicion68.The main idea of the passage is that __________.A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read.B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught.D. reading is more complicated than generally believed69.Which should the teacher do when teaching according to the passage?A. Teach students what to read and how to read.B. Tell the students how to understand difficult words and sentences.C. Encourage students to read and give them freedom to enjoy reading.D. Teach students to read to pass tests.70.What can we know from the passage?A. Now students face a lot of pressure from teachers when reading.B. Teachers are not under great pressure to teach reading.C. Teachers are to blame for their misguiding of the students in teaching reading.D. Students should read more books and study harder.DWhether it’s a carol (圣诞颂歌) service or an evening of karaoke down the pub many people will enjoy a good old singsong this Christmas. Singing aloud will not just lift the spirits –it’s good for your physical health as well. Filling the lungs with a ir, increasing the heart rate and getting blood pumping round the body faster can all help our physical health.For the past few years Heart Research UK has been running a Christmas campaign aimed at getting people singing, simply for the benefit it can bring. The organizer of the campaign says singing is a safe, simple and social activity that everyone can enjoy. “Singing is linked to long life, stress reduction, and general health protection. It also brings a great amount of happiness. It is impossible to sing well with a long face because it affects your pitch (音高).”Professor Graham Welch, who leads the International Music Education Research Centre at the University of London, has spent more than 30 years studying the effects of singing. He says that sin ging is a form of exercise. It means we’re also having a strong aerobe activity (有氧运动) when we’re singing, which results in increasing the feeling of pleasure while decreasing that of stress.“And communal singing – like in a singing group, a church service or even a singsong in the pub, helps improve our sense of self – respect. It increases our sense of satisfaction with ourselves, a greater sense of feeling included.”Helen Astrid, a singing teacher, also sees the great effects that singing brings. “It lifts us up on a spiritual level, it helps our self –respect, and it’s great for all ages from small kids to grannies you can have a good sing and let your hair down.”But she warns people not to have too many beers or glasses of wine, though a glass may help them gather courage before taking to the stage during the holidays.71.Heart Research UK holds a campaign to .A．encourage people to sing for God at ChristmasB．study the effects of singing on peopleC．get people to sing and improve their healthD．bring happiness to people celebrating the holiday72.What are the benefits of singing according to Graham Welch?a．Singers living longer. b．Singers general health protection.c．Singers feeling happier. d．Singers stress reduced.e．Singers self-respect improved.A．a,b,c B．b,c,d C．c,d,e D．e,a,b,73.The underlined part “let your hair down” probably means.A．feel at ease B．protect yourselfC．dress casually D．cover your nervousness74.What can we infer from the passage?A．Singing at Christmas is good for health.B．In a low mood one is not able to sing well.C．Experts have disagreements on singing.D．Singing is the same as other aerobic activities.75.Which is the best title of the passage?A．Karaoke-Best Place for Singing!B．Christmas-Best Time for Singing!C．Singing-Healthy but not Easy!D．For heath-Let’s Sing!VI. Writing（25%）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
人教版英语选修八学业质量标准检测4
Unit 4学业质量标准检测第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1．How is the weather today？ BA．Sunny. B．Cloudy.C．Rainy.2．What is the man looking for？ AA．A good hotel. B．A guidebook.C．A friend.3．What does the woman want to drink first？ BA．A cup of coffee. B．Orange juice.C．Lemonade.4．What will the speakers do tonight？ CA．Go to the cinema. B．Go to a restaurant.C．Go to a concert.5．Where is the woman now？ BA．In a bank. B．On a bus.C．At a train station.第二节(共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．What does the woman need now？ BA．Some food. B．Some water.C．A good rest.7．Why are the speakers hiking？ AA．To reduce weight.B．To see animals.C．To enjoy the scenery.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
牛津译林版高中英语选修8同步练习Unit 4 Films and film eventsSection Ⅴ 课时跟踪检测 综合提升板块
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．I was dizzy (头晕的) from lack of food.2．House prices zoomed (急剧增长) last year.3．The scar on her forehead (前额) is hardly noticeable.4．A scientific research institution (机构) was brought into existence.5．He has a practical partner (同伴) who organizes everything for him.6．We use brooms (扫帚) to sweep the floor.Ⅱ.完成句子1．与其他学生相比，老师认为约翰更令人满意。
Compared_with/to other students, the teacher thinks John is a more satisfying student. 2．她喜欢炫耀她美丽的双手。
She likes to_show_off her beautiful hands.3．约翰已意识到自己做错了事情。
John has_been_aware_of having done something wrong.4．他把大部分的闲暇时光都用于翻译那些作品。
Most of his spare time was_devoted_to the translation of those works.5．其他客人没有来，他感到失望。
He was_disappointed_that other guests were not coming.Ⅲ.单项填空1．(2010·江苏高考)—Why, Jack, you look so tired!—Well, I ________ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.A．was painting B．will be paintingC．have painted D．have been painting解析：选D根据语境可知，“粉刷”这一动作从过去持续到现在，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
高二英语选修8人教版unit4Section Ⅳ Grammar课时作业及课后跟踪训练(含答案解析)
Section ⅣGrammar过去分词(短语)作状语1．(教材P29)Now once taught(teach) by me, she’d become an upper class lady...2．(教材P30)But, sir, (proudly) once educated(educate) to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.3．Although wounded(wound) all over, the brave soldiers continued to fight.4．Lost(lose) in the forest, you should first of all remain where you are, waiting for help.5．Seriously injured(injure), he had to be taken to hospital.6．Followed(follow) by his wolf dog, the hunter walked slowly in the forest.过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。
过去分词(短语)作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。
◆When offered help，one often says “Thank you”or “It’s kind of you”．(时间状语)当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“谢谢”或“你真是太好了”。
◆Given another chance, I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。
高二英语选修8unit4测试题及答案
第4单元试卷命题人：张景慧第一卷（满分95分）第一部分英语知识运用第一节语音知识（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题A, B, C,D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
1. cube A. product B. compulsory C.current D. perfume2. classic A. alphabet B. fade C.classify D. remark3. innocent A. helicopter B. convenient C.competence D. product4. bear A. wear B. beard C.search D. heart5. upper A. bathtub B. status C.musical D. Buddhism第二节.情景对话（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）根据对话情景和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处得最佳选项。
选项中有两个为多余选项。
Li Hua, who is planning to travel with his parents, is now calling Hyatt Travel Agency in Xi’an. ( A: Assistant L: Li Hua)A: Hello, this is Hyatt Travel Agency. May I help youL:Yes, this is Li Hua. I’ll have a short holiday, and I’m thinking about traveling abroad with my parents._____6______A: Of course. May I ask how long your holiday will beL: About a week.A: Ok. ____7_______L: I’d love to go to Europe.A:____8_____ we have a special offer for European tours.L: Great! _____9_____A: Sure. For family tours, we have five European cities on the list, and we’ll see the Big Ben in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris and other places of interest.L: ___10_____ I’ll talk about this with my parents and call you back. Thank you.A: You’re welcome.A.What would you like to knowB.You are very lucky.C.What do you have in mindD.Can you give me some adviceE.That’s just what I am thinking of.F.Can I have some extra infformationG.I hope you’ll have a good journey there.第三节单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）11．________history of the American South is________history of suffering，also one of hope and success.A．A；the B．The；theC．A；a D．The；a12．This naughty boy is really________，which makes his mother upset.A．attractive B．activeC．troublesome D．anxious13．The crowds had all gone home and the street was quiet ________.A．any more B．no longerC．any longer D．once more14．Jim has been looking for his dictionary for almost an hour，and Tracy forgot to tell him that David________it ________2 hours ago.A．took；away B．took；inC．took；over D．took；on15．The closing music________out when the hero rides off into the sunset.A．faded B．would fadeC．has faded D．fades16．________advertisements，TV programs are often made boring.A．Regularly interrupted by B．Regularly interruptingC．To regularly interrupt D．To be regularly interrupted by17．He never________to help those in trouble because he was a kind-hearted man.A．handled B．hurriedC．hesitated D．determined18．I wanted to go to Greece，and my wife wanted to go to Spain，so we________on Italy.A．resigned B．compromisedC．promised D．disguised19．You are grown-up now，so it’s up to you to decide whether to________English or French.A．take off B．take onC．take in D．take up20．________，the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.A．Generally speaking B．General speakingC．Speaking general D．Speaking generally21．When they got there，they found the people suffering the storm were________food and water supplies.A．in want of B．in praise ofC．in honour of D．in place of22．People have planted a great many trees in order to________wind and sand in the desert.A．hold down B．hold upC．hold back D．hold out23．—Thank you for your timely help，Susan.— b1 . co mA．With pleasure B．My pleasureC．All right D．No thanks at all24．—What did he come here for—He came here especially to________your acquaintance.A．take B．getC．make D．produce25．On hearing the horrible noise，they all went out and looked at what was happening in________.A．amusement B．enjoymentC．amazement D．embarrassment第四节完形填空（共20小题，每小题分，满分30分）The passengers on the bus watched with sympathy as Susan made her way carefully up the steps. She paid the driver and then,using her hands to 26 the seats, settled in one of them.It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the resultof an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of 27 . Susan’s husband Mark watched her 28 into hopelessness andhe was 29 to use every possible means to help his wife.Finally, Susan felt ready to 30 to her job, but how would she get there She used to take the bus, but she was now too 31 to get around the city by herself. Mark 32 to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening 33 she could manage it by herself.For two weeks, Mark 34 Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other 35 , specifically her hearing, to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new 36 .At last, Susan decided that she was ready to try the trip 37 . Monday morning arrived. Before she left, she hugged her husband 38 , her eyes filled with tears of gratitude（感激）.She said good-bye and, for the first time, they went their39 ways. Each day went perfectly, and a wild excitement40 Susan. She was doing it!On Friday morning, Susan took the bus to work 41 . As she was getting off the bus, the driver said, “Miss, I sure42 you.” Curious, Susan asked the driver 43 .“You know ,every morning for the __44week,a fine-looking gentleman in a military uniform has been standing across the corner watching you until you enter your office building safely,” the bus driver said.Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks. She was so lucky for he had given her a gift more powerful than_45_,That is the gift of love that can bring light where there is darkness. . touchB. sicknessher own person her benefit footcharge of place ofadvantage of hold ofusual a rulewell a consequenceC. why新课标第一网第五节.阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）AThe TouchstoneWhen the great library of Alexandria burned, the story goes, one book was saved. But it was not a valuable book, and so a poor man, who could read little, bought it for very little money.The book wasn’t very interesting, but between its pages there was something very interesting indeed. It was a thin strip of vellum on which was written the secret of the “Touchstone”! The touchstone was a small pebble that could turn any common metal into pure gold.The writing explained that it was lying among thousands and thousands of other pebbles that looked exactly like it. But the secret was this: The real stone would feel warm, while ordinary pebbles are cold.So the man sold his few belongings, bought some simple supplies, camped on the seashore, and began testing pebbles. He knew that if he picked up ordinary pebbles and threw them down again because they were cold, he might pick up the same pebble hundreds of times. So, when he felt one that was cold, he threw it into the sea. He spent a whole day doing this but none of them was the touchstone. Yet he went on and on this way. Pick up a pebble. Cold, throw it into the sea. Pick up another. Throw it into the sea. Pick up another. Throw it into the sea. The days continued over a long period of time.One day, however, about mid-afternoon, he picked up a pebble and it was warm. He threw it into the sea before he realized what he had done. He had formed such a strong habit of throwing each pebble into the sea that when the one he wanted came along he still threw it away.So it is with opportunity. Unless we are careful, it’s easy to fail to recognize an opportunity when it is in hand and it’s just as easy to throw it away.46. The man bought the book because ______.A. he wanted to read itB. it was very interestingC. there was a secret in the bookD. he wanted tofind the touchstone47. We can learn from the passage that the touchstone is ______.A. pureB. coldC. magicD. big48. What does the author want to tell us in the passageA. We should offer opportunities in our life.B. We should seek for opportunities in the world.C. We may seize opportunities when we are watchful.D. We may discover opportunities when forming habits.BPeople living in the UK take quite a few holidays abroad and in the country each year. Choices made about where to go, how to get there and what to do can either benefit or harm the environment.While on holidayMany of the things you can do to the greener on holiday will be the same things you can do at home—but there are also some extra things too, like avoiding gifts made from endangered plants and animals. Here are some suggestions:●Making the most of locally pro duced food and drink, and local activities and attractions will support people in the area you are visiting and reduce the need for further environmental influence from transport.●Switching off any air conditioning, heating and lights will help reduce climate change effect.●Save water—some countries suffer from water shortages and saving water can help avoid damage to our natural habitats （栖息地）.Endangered species(物种)Some gifts and foods available in some countries can be made from endangered plants or animals. Check before you buy, but if you doubt, avoid animal and plant gifts. More details of the types of products to avoid any illegal trade hotspots can be found on the Souvenir Alert webpage.Making a positive contribution to the place you are visiting.There are ways in which your holiday can help support local people and the environment.●There are many opportunities to volunteer and help with projects that conserve and improve natural habitats.●When you are away, or if you are looking for some where to visit, you can support projects or attractions which protect wildlife, such as nature reserves and conservation projects.49. According to the passage, we can to help reduce climate change effect.A. make good use of waterB. buy local food and drinkC. save electricityD. go around on foot50. We should check the gifts and foods before buying because ______.A. sometimes they are of poor qualityB. they may not be typical local productsC. some of them will do harm to our healthD. they may be made from endangered animals or plants51. We can infer from the passage that ______.A. it is not easy for people to travel abroadB. not everyone can tell an illegal souvenirC. green holidays have been accepted by peopleD. volunteer work is a must for protecting natural habitats52. The passage is mainly about ______.A. travel enjoymentB. the harm to the environmentC. greener choices for holidayD. protection of endangered animalsCWhen I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation (住所). I suggested that they should stay at ‘bed and breakfast’houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.“We didn’t stay at bed and breakfast houses,” they said, “because we found that most families were away on holiday.”I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought ‘VACANCIES’ meant ‘holidays’, because the Spanish word for ‘holidays’ is ‘vacaciones’. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said ‘VACANCLES’, which in Englishmeans there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said ‘NO VACANCLES’, because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday. But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels!We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word ‘DIVERSION’ means fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word ‘DIVERSION’ on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hold. English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages. Once in Paris, when someone offered me some more coffee, I said “Thank you” in French. I meant that I would like some more. However, to my surprise, the coffee pot was taken away! Later I found out that “Thank you” in French means “No, thank you.”53. My Spanish friends wanted advice about ______.A. learning EnglishB. finding places to stay in EnglandC. driving their car on English roadsD. going to England by car54. ‘NO VACANCIES’ in English means ______.A. no free roomsB. free roomsC. not away on holidayD. holidays55. When someone offered me more coffee and I said “Thank you” in French, I ______.A didn’t really want any more coffee B. wanted them to take the coffee pot awayC. really wanted some more coffeeD. wanted to express my politeness56. I was surprised when the coffee pot was taken away becauseI ______.A. hadn’t finished drinking my coffeeB. was expecting another cup of coffeeC. meant th at I didn’t want any moreD. was never misunderstoodDRobert is nine years old and Joanna is seven. They live at Mount Ebenezer. Their father has a big property. In Australia they call a farm a property.Robert and Joanna like school very much. At school they cantalk to their friends but Robert and Joanna cannot see theirfriends. They live 100, perhaps 300, miles away and like Robertand Joanna, they all go to school by radio.Mount Ebenezer is in the center of Australia. Not manypeople live in “The Center”. There are no schools with desksand blackboards and no teachers in “The Center”. School isa room at home with a two-way radio. The teacher also has atwo-way radio. Every morning she calls each student on the radio.When all students answer, lessons begin… Think of your teacher300 miles away!57. The children in “The Center” do not go to a school because______.A. they live too far away from one anotherB. they donot like schoolC. they are not old enough to go to schoolD. theirfamilies are too poor58. In order to send their children to school, parents in “TheCenter” of Australia must have ______.A. a propertyB. a carC. a school room at homeD. a specialradio59. Teachers in “The Center” of Australia teach ______.A. not in a classroom but at the homes of the studentsB. by speaking only and not showing anything in writingC. without using any textbooks or picturesD. without knowing whether the students are attending60. A “property” in Australia is a ______.A. houseB. schoolC. farmD. radio第二卷（满分45分）第三部分写作(共两节，满分45分)第一节单词拼写（每小题1分，共10分）1. An a represents his government in a foreigncountry.2. Quite a lot of people will b themselves whentempted by money.3. The government should take e measures to stopwater from being polluted.4. The books in the library are c according to subject.5. If you think you can drink so much without damaging yourhealth, then you’re m .6. He is smaller than you, but he is （优秀的）to you.7. The interior decoration of the house is (折中)between Chinese and foreign styles.8. These two brothers decided to go to America to try their （运气）.9. He dipped into the bag and brought out a （一把）of sample wheat.10. The doctor said that the patient might be （不舒服的）after her operation.Xk b1 . c o m第二节短文改错(共10小题；每小题分，满分15分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Ⅰ.课本回扣和拓展一、课文语法填空Eliza Doolittle was 1.____________ unrefined，dirty flower girl with poor phonetics 2. ____________ Professor Higgins was an expert in phonetics.One day they happened to meet each other while 3.____________ (hide) from the rain.When Eliza was talking with a gentleman，Higgins always watched her and took notes，4.____________ made her worried，for she thought he was a policeman 5.____________ disguise.In fact he just showed interest in her poor phonetics and 6.____________ (make) a bet with Colonel Pickering who he was going to meet.Higgins said once 7.____________ (educate) to speak 8. ________________________________________________________________________ (proper)，Eliza could pass herself off in three months 9.____________ a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party.After that Higgins threw a handful of money into her basket and left with Pickering，leaving Eliza excited 10.____________ in amazement.Eliza decided to find him the next day.答案：1.an 2.while 3.hiding 4.which 5.in6．cated8.properly9.as10.and二、用约30个词概括课文内容________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The story happened in London in 1914，when one’s social status was determined by money，clothes and English.However，Higgins promised to Eliza that he could turn her into an upper class lady.三、用括号中所给词语翻译下列句子，然后用五句话将这些句子连成一篇短文【连词成句】1.夏普(Sharp)博士是考古学家，满脸皱纹。
(archaeologist；wrinkle)________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________2.前几天，他因为被不明野兽抓伤而被送往医院，他不得不中断工作。
(scratch；interrupt)________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________3.他厌倦了医院的气味，不顾医生的劝告，现在正赶回工地。
(regardless of)________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________4.突然，一个长矛形的东西引起了他的注意，阻止了他的脚步。
(spear-shaped)________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________5.他熟悉地将它捡起，敏锐地意识到它的重要意义。
(skillfully；be aware of；significance)________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________6.他认为这个长矛形的东西可以追溯到公元前6000年。
(assume；date back to；BC)________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________7.这长矛形的东西意味着人类使用石器的历史将要改写。
(suggest)________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1．Dr.Sharp is an archaeologist with a wrinkled face.2．A few days ago，he was scratched by an unknown animal and then taken to hospital，so he had to interrupt his work.3．He is tired of the smell of the hospital，and regardless of the doctors’ advice，he is now back to the workplace.4．Suddenly，a spear-shaped thing caught his attention and he stopped moving on.5．He picked it up skillfully，keenly aware of its significance.6．He assumes that the spearshaped thing can date back to 6000 BC.7．It suggests that human history of using stone tools will be rewritten.【连句成篇】________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The other day，a scratch from an unknown beast sent Dr.Sharp，an archaeologist with a wrinkled face，to hospital，interrupting his work.Fed up with the hospital smell，he is now on his way back to the worksite regardless of the doctors’ advice.Suddenly something shaped like a spear-shaped arrested his attention and he stopped moving on.Picking it up skillfully，he immediately became acutely aware of its significance，assuming that it can date back to 6000 BC.He feels excited，for it suggests that human history of using stone tools will be rewritten.Ⅱ.能力培养和提升一、用适当的连接词填空【练习1】(2012·深圳名校调研)I have learnt that 25.____________ you speak a few good words and offer a little help，it will not only bring happiness but will remain in people’s hearts for ever!解析：根据语意可知，此处应用if在that引导的宾语从句中引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。