高中英语：27个抽象名词具体化 陈天河
高中英语：27个抽象名词和可数名词之间的转换
陈天河在特殊情况下，有些抽象名词可以进行具体化。这时，不可数的抽象名词可以用来表示可数的人或事物，即名词的数和词义发生了变化。
下面就高中课本中出现的一些抽象名词具体化的名词做一整理。
1. achievement [U］达到，完成，成就;[ C］成就，成绩，功绩.
Even a small success gives you asense of achievement. (牛津高阶英汉双解词典第七版P15 )
即使是小小的成功也给人一种成就感.
Women of achievement
伟大的女人，成功的女人，有伟大成就的女人.
David Brooks, author of TheSocial Animal:
The Hidden Sources of Love, Character，and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation. (2015 湖北高考英语E篇)……《社会动物：爱、性格和成就的潜在根源》…….
Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). (2016 全国卷II)
解析：achievement在介词of之后，应该使用名词形式，而且此处应为抽象名词，用单数形式。
Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.（2015高考英语重庆E篇）……一种成就…….
passage is mainly about early Chicago's ________．（2015高考英语湖南B篇）
A. popular lifestyles and their influences
B. environmental disasters and their causes
C. engineering problems and their solutions
D. successful businessmen and their achievements
其中，D项成功商业人士和他们的成就。.
2. attraction [ U］吸引,吸引力; [C]有吸引力的人或事物.
The idea of traveling to the moon has little attraction for me.
到月球上旅行的想法对我没有什么吸引力.
The city's bright lights, theatres, and movies are great attractions.
城里明亮的灯,戏院,电影等有巨大的吸引力.
One of the main attractions of the job is the high salary.
这份工作最吸引人的是薪水高.
3. beauty [ U］美,美丽; [C]美丽的人或事物
She was a famous beauty in her youth.
她年轻时是个有名的美人.
That new car is an absolute beauty.
那辆新车漂亮极了.
4. comfort [ U］安慰,慰藉,宽恕; [C]令人感到安慰的人或事物
The news brought comfort to all of us.
这消息给我们大家带来了安慰.
His husband was a great comfort to her when she was ill.
她生病时,她丈夫对她是个极大的安慰.
5. danger [ U］危险,风险; [C]危险的人,危险因素
Children's lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险.
out of danger
脱离危险
Police said the man was a danger to the public.
警方说这个男子对公众是个危险分子.
6. death [ U］死,死亡; [C]死亡的人
Air pollution alone causes about three million deaths every year.
仅空气污染就造成了每年近三百万人死亡.
If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many more deaths.
若飓风发生在白天,那么死亡的人会多的多.
7. delight [ U］高兴,愉快,快乐; [C]令人高兴的事,乐事,乐趣
To our great delight, the day turned out fine.
我们感到高兴的是天气转晴了.
The guitar is a delight to play.
弹吉他是件很惬意的事.
Her singing is a delight.
她的歌声使人快乐.
8. difficulty [U］困难,艰难,难度,困难性; [C]难做,难懂,难应付的事,难事,难点,难题
She got the door open with difficulty.
她艰难地把门打开了.
I had the great difficulty in persuading her.
我为了说服她,费了好大的劲儿.
He wants to marry her, but his parents are making difficulties.
他想娶她,但他父母从中阻挠.
She met with many difficulties when traveling. 她在旅行时遇到了许多伤脑筋的事.
9. experience [U］经验; [C]经历,体验
Do you have any previous experience of this kind of work？
你以前做过这种工作吗？
Valuable experience 宝贵的经验
He hand many interesting experiences while traveling in Africa.
10. failure [ U］失败; [C]失败的人或事物
The success or failure of the plan depends on you.
这项计划的成败取决于你.
Failure in one examination should not stop you trying again.
一次考试不及格不应该防碍你再试一次.
The whole thing was a complete failure. 整个事情彻底失败了.
She was a failure as a teacher. 她当教师并不成功.
11. help [ U］帮助; [C]有帮助的人或事物
A tape-recorder or a mp3 is a great help for you to learn English.
录音机或mp3对你学英语帮助很大.
I am a good help to my mother at home.
我在家里是妈妈的好帮手.
12. honour [ U］荣幸,荣誉; [C]给某人/某事增光的人或事物
We fought for the honour of our country. 我们为祖国的荣誉而战.
It is a great honour for me to be present at the conference.参加这次大会我感到很荣幸.
13. joy [ U］高兴,愉快,喜悦; [C]令人高兴的人或事,乐事,乐趣
jump with joy 高兴得跳起来
The game was a joy to watch.看这场比赛真是开心.
He is a great joy to listen to.
他这个人,听他讲话就是极大的乐趣.
14. kindness [ U］亲切,和蔼,仁慈,好意; [C]友好或仁慈,体贴的举动,好心的行为
She always shows kindness to children and animals.她对孩子和动物总是很温柔.
He did it entirely out of kindness, not for money.他做那件事纯粹出于好意,并非为钱.
It would be a great kindness to see him while he is so ill.
他病得很厉害,去探望他就是对他的极大关怀.
15. pity [ U］怜悯,同情; [C]可惜的事,遗憾的事
feel pity for 对...同情
out of pity出于同情
It's a pity the weather is not good for our outing today.我们今天出去游玩天气不好,真遗憾.
It's a pity that you can't go to the theatre with us tonight. 你今晚不能和我们一起去看戏,真可惜.
16. pleasure [ U］高兴,快乐,愉快; [C]乐事,趣事
take (a) pleasure in 以...为乐
with pleasure 愉快地,高兴地
It is my pleasure. 我乐意做的事情.
跟你一起工作是一件令人高兴的事情.
It is a pleasure to work with you.
It has been a pleasure meeting you.
认识你是十分高兴的事.
She has few pleasures left in life.
她的生活中已没有什么乐趣了.
17. satisfaction [ U］满足,满意; [C]令人满足或带来乐趣的事情
with satisfaction满意地
Playing the piano was one of his greatest satisfactions.
弹钢琴是他的最大乐趣之一.
It is a great satisfaction to know that he has arrived home safely.
知道他已经平安到家,我感到十分高兴.
18. shame [ U］羞耻,羞愧,惭愧; [C]遗憾的事,可耻的人或事物
He felt no shame for what he had done.他对自己所做的事情不感到羞愧.
It is a shame to deceive the old man.欺骗这位老人真是太可耻了.
What a shame that it rained so much during the vocation.
假期里下那么多雨,真是太遗憾了.
19. success [ U］成功,成名; [C]成功的人或事物
He's proud of his daughter's successes.
他为女儿的种种成就感到自豪.
Of his experiments, three were successes and one was a failure.在他的实验中,有三个成功,一个失败.
20. surprise [ U］惊奇；[C]令人惊奇的事或消息,意想不到或突然的事
in surprise吃惊地
Her letter came as a complete surprise.
万万没想到会收到她的信.
21. trouble [ U］困难,苦恼,痛苦; [C]麻烦事,困难事,负担
She's had so many troubles that she looks fifty, although she's only thirty.
使她苦恼的事情太多,虽然她只有三十岁,看上去却像五十岁了.
She has always been a great trouble to her father and mother.
她一直是她父母的一块心病.
22. wonder [ U］惊奇,惊讶,惊异,惊叹,惊愕; [C]令人感到惊奇的事情,奇迹,奇观
in/with wonder 惊奇地
no wonder 毫不奇怪
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.长城是世界奇迹之一.
23. worry [ U］担心,担忧,忧愁; [C]烦恼事,令人担忧的人
Her face showed signs of worry. 她脸上显出担忧的神情.
My father has a lot of worries.
我父亲有许多烦恼.
Forget your worries and enjoy yourself!
忘记那些愁事,尽情享乐吧!
24. sight [U]视力，视觉[C]情景，景象
Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不见，心不想；去者日以疏；离久情疏。
I cannot endure the sight. 我不能容忍这种情景。
It was a touching sight. 这是一幅动人景象。
It was a magnificent sight. 一路景色真美。
25. knowledge [U]知识[C]（一门）学问
Knowledge begin with practice. 认识从实践开始。
Knowledge is no burden. 艺不压身。
Knowledge is Bacon 知识就是力量。－－培根
I want an assistant with a knowledge of English and experience of office routine.
我需要一名懂英语和具有例行公事经验的助手。
He has only a theoretical knowledge of the language. 他只有这种语言的理论知识。
26. room [U]空间[C]房间
There's no room for this piano.
房间里没地方放这架钢琴了。
Stay with us for several days. We have 20 rooms in the village.
过来和我们住一段时间吧。我们在村里有20间房子。
27. fortune [U]运气；机会[C]财产，财富
Fortune Fools have fortune. [谚]傻人有傻福。
Roll up a huge fortune 积聚起大笔财产
He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财.
He dreamed of making a fortune. 他梦想发大财。
He made a fortune in oil. 他做石油生意赚了一大笔钱。
（完）