《阅读理解记叙文》单元测试题(含答案) (word)1
《阅读理解记叙文》单元测试题(含答案) （word）1
一、英语阅读理解记叙文（含答案详细解析）
1．阅读理解
（1）What kind of the letter may the passage be?
A. An admission letter.
B. An apology letter.
C. A business letter.
D. A thank you letter.（2）How much should Zhang Wei pay in all to enter the university?
A. HK$ 55,935.
B. HK$ 55,810.
C. HK$ 55, 685.
D. HK$ 55,560.（3）If you were Zhang Wei, how would you feel at this letter?
A. Annoyed.
B. Excited.
C. Upset.
D. Anxious.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
【解析】【分析】句意：这是张伟的一张香港中文大学的录取通知书，其中涉及到专业，学习方式，学位以及费用。
（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句The Chinese University of Hong kong Admission Notification提示可知，这是一张录取通知书，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句HK$ 55,560.（for native students）以及Zhang Wei （Yuyao，Ningbo）提示可知，张伟的学费是HK$ 55,560，故选D。
（3）理解归纳题。这是一张香港中文大学的录取通知书，张伟收到以后，一定非常的激动，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。
2．阅读理解
Good Neighbours
Mr. and Mrs. March lived together with their four daughters. Amy was very shy. Beth loved being at home. Meg looked very pretty. Jo was tall and thin and she was a tomboy. Their home was always busy and full of noise and people. Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. They lived in a very large and comfortable house. But it was a house without life.
One day, Joe saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house and looking down at their garden. Jo's sisters were playing in the snow there. They were throwing snowballs and having a lot of fun. But Laurie's face was very sad.
"Poor boy!" Jo thought. "He's all alone. He needs some friends." She couldn't stop thinking about him. She wanted to go and see him, but how could she go to the house without an invitation?
Then one snowy afternoon, she saw Laurie's grandpa go out. This gave her an idea. She took a broom from the kitchen.
"What are you going to do, Jo?" asked her sister Meg.
"To clear the garden path." Answered Jo.
When Laurie saw Jo from the window, a big smile changed his pale, sad face.
Jo laughed and shouted, "How are you? Are you ill?"
Laurie opened the window and said," I'm better now, thank you. I had a bad cold and had to stay inside for a week".
"I'm sorry," said Jo. "Are you bored?"
"Yes, very." he replied.
"Don't your friends come to visit you?"
"No. But I don't want to see anybody. Boys are noisy and they give me a headache."
"Girls are quiet."
"I don't know any girls."
"You know us."
"That's true! Can you come and visit me?" cried Laurie.
"I'm not quiet, but I'd like to come," replied Jo. "I must ask Mother first." She ran back into her house.
A few minutes later, she returned and rang the bell on the door of Laurie's house. A servant took her upstairs.
"Here I am!" she said brightly. "Mother sends her love and my sisters gave me this blancmange （牛奶冻） for you."
"That looks delicious," Laurie said. He was very happy to see Jo.
Jo looked around. There were lots of books on the shelves.
"A nice room!" she said. "I can read to you if you like."
"No, let's talk," replied Laurie.
"All right," said Jo, "I can talk for hours. My sisters say I never know when to stop."
"You have three sisters—Amy, Beth and Meg." Laurie continued.
"How do you know this?" Jo was surprised.
"You call each other's names when you are in the garden. Sometimes I can see you all around the table with your mother. She has a very kind face. I like looking at her. I haven't got a mother." Jo felt sad when she heard this.
"Why don't you come and visit us?" she said, "It isn't good for you to stay in this house all the time."
"Thank you. I'd like to come very much." Said Laurie.
"We know all our neighbours except you." Jo said, "I'm glad we're friends now."
She told him about all the interesting things in her life. She said," Besides（除了……之外）plays, I also love books." Laurie loved books too, and offered to show her the library in the house. The library was a wonderful room. Jo loved it.
"Wow!" she said, "All those books!"
Laurie said, "A person needs more than books."
（Adapted from Little Women）
（1）From the first paragraph, we know ________________.
A. Jo's family had five members
B. Jo and Laurie were neighbours
C. Laurie and his grandpa were busy
D. the four sisters had the same hobby
（2）Jo wanted to visit Laurie because _________________.
A. she wanted to visit his large house
B. Laurie invited her to play with snowballs
C. she felt he was lonely and needed friends
D. Laurie was seriously ill and needed her care
（3）What might be the correct order of what happened in the story?
a. Jo saw Laurie standing at an upstairs window in his house.
b. Jo and Laurie were having a talk happily at Laurie's home.
c. Jo wanted to Laurie's home after telling her mother.
d. Jo couldn't stop thinking about Lauri
e.
A. a—b—c—d
B. b—a—c—d
C. b—d—a—c
D. a—d—c—b
（4）Which words can best describe Jo and her sisters?
A. Kind and friendly
B. Generous but rude
C. Quiet and smart
D. Funny but carless （5）What does Laurie mean by saying "A person needs more than books."?
A. People need to stay in their own houses.
B. People should learn much more from the books.
C. People need love and friendship besides books.
D. People should relax themselves besides reading
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了Jo和她的邻居Laurie的故事，Laurie跟着爷爷生活没有了母亲，又生病了，心情很不越快，一天当Jo看到了他之后心里放不下，就找机会接近了他，了解了情况，然后成为了好朋友。
（1）细节理解题，根据 Their home was always busy and full of noise and people. Next to them lived old Mr. Laurence and his grandson, Laurie. 可知Jo跟Laurie是邻居，故答案是B。（2）细节理解题，根据But Laurie's face was very sad. "Poor boy!" Jo thought. "He's all alone. He needs some friends."可知Laurie很孤独需要朋友，故答案是C。
（3）细节排序题，根据文章内容可知，先是Jo从窗户里看到了Laurie，之后就放心不下，告知父母之后，最后进行了开心的交谈，因此句子的顺序为：a—d—c—b，故答案是D。
（4）逻辑推理题，根据 "Poor boy!" Jo thought. "He's all alone. He needs some friends." She couldn't stop thinking about him. She wanted to go and see him, 可知Jo心地善良而友好，根据 my sisters gave me this blancmange （牛奶冻） for you." 可知Jo的姐妹也很友好，故答案是A。
（5）句意猜测题，根据A person needs more than books. 可知，人需要的不仅仅是书，根据文章的叙述，他解释了Jo之后他开心了，并成为了朋友，所以除了书之外还需要关爱和友谊，故答案是C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本文涉及到了细节理解题、细节排序题、逻辑推理题和句意猜测题。细节理解题很简单，一般可直接在文章中找到答案。细节排序题细节理解题的一种变形，按照文章的叙事顺序进行句子排序，逻辑推理题需要根据一体的推理方式，根据已知条件推出可能的结论。句意猜测题首先要理解句子的表面意思，然后结合语境去思考其深层含义。
3．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的几个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws （吸管） do Americans use every day?
He quickly learned there wasn't a simple answer. The boy tried to work it out himself. Through lots of research, Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011.
Cress started the project in his hometown – Burlington, Vermont. He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent.
For the years that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. More and more restaurants agreed to join. They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban （禁止）plastic straws.
Plastic pollution has been one of the most serious problems today. According to scientists, more than eight million tons of plastic end up in the ocean each year. Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics.
After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws.
"Focusing（聚焦） on straws is one simple step we all could take," Cress says. "And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too."
（1）When did Milo Cress start to care about the problem of straws?
A. Ten years ago.
B. In the year 2011.
C. In the year that he was 9.
（2）Cress started the Be Straw Free project in order to .
A. get a good score in science at his school
B. encourage people to reduce plastic waste
C. become a famous person in his hometown
（3）What did Cress ask a restaurant in Burlington to do?
A. Stop offering straws to its customers.
B. Prevent people from using straws to drink.
C. Count the number of straws it uses every day.
（4）Plastic straws are especially terrible because .
A. they are the most serious problem today
B. scientists pay little attention to their influence
C. they help people get used to using single-use plastics
（5）Over the years, Cress has .
① spread his project acr oss the United States
② asked Seattle to completely ban plastic bags
③ counted the plastic straws in the ocean every year
④ spoken to teens around the world about plastic waste
A. ①③
B. ②③
C. ①④
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
（5）C
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了塑料垃圾对环保的危害，Cress用环保吸管替代塑料吸管。（1）细节题。根据 When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws（吸管） do Americans use every day 可知9岁的时候，米洛·克里斯开始关心吸管的问题了，故选C。
（2）细节题。根据 In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011. 可知为了鼓励减少塑料垃圾，他在2011年创建了无稻草项目，故选B。
（3）细节题。根据He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order ，可知他要求当地一家餐馆停止为每一份饮料订单提供吸管，故选A。
（4）细节题。根据 Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics. 可知塑料吸管尤其可怕。它们让人们更容易适应一次性塑料制品，故选C。
（5）细节题。根据 Cress tried to spread his project across the United States 和 He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world 可知这些年来，克雷斯把他的项目推广到了美国，并向全世界的青少年讲述了塑料废料的问题，故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案。
4．阅读下列材料，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, "24 Solar Terms（节气）" is the most popular.
Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. It's the 24 solar terms. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.
Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.
When spring comes, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish. White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew（露珠）is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoon—a small
animal with thick hair. She drew white spots（小圆点） on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.
The young artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.
（1）The writer gave ____ examples to show Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
（2）From Paragraph 5, we know that ____.
A. a raccoon likes fish
B. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8
C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn
D. Cinyee used white spots to show dew
（3）According to the passage, Picture ____ can't be from Cinyee's "24 Solar Terms".
A.
B.
C.
D.
（4）The writer mainly wants to talk about ____.
A. why Cinyee made herself known
B. who divided a year into 24 parts
C. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar terms
D. what Start of Spring and White Dew mean
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：艺术家辛业秋以图片的形式将中国的二十四节气变成24种动物及相应的季节性的水果、蔬菜或美丽的花朵，帮助人们更好地理解它们。
（1）理解归纳题。通读文中的第四、五段可知，本文列举了两个实例来说明了辛业秋二十四节气的表现方式及内容，故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句She drew white spots（小圆点） on the raccoon to show dew.理解可知，Cinyee 用白点来显示白露，故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.理解可知，在每个节气上有动物，水果，蔬菜以及鲜花。分析四副图片可知第四幅不是来自Cinyee的二十四节气，故选D。
（4）理解归纳题。通读全文可知，此文主要介绍了Cinyee是怎样展示中国二十四节气的，故选C。
【点评】考阅读理解。本题主要涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，而主旨大意题需要认真阅读仔细理解，归纳出中心思想。
5．阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The year was 1859. America and England had already fought two wars. Now, they were at peace. But one day a pig got hungry. And it nearly caused another war between the two countries. The pig was owned by a British man who lived on a small island. The island was just off the western part of North America. Both England and the US said the island was theirs. Across the island from the British man lived some American farmers. Everyone on the island got along peacefully. But the peace ended the day the British man's pig decided to eat some of an American farmer's potatoes.
One of the American farmers shot and killed the pig. Then the pig's owner wanted $100 from the man who shot the animal. That was a lot of money, so the farmer refused to pay it. The British and Americans began to argue, and the situation got worse. The farmers asked the governor over the island at that time for help. He sent a group of soldiers to protect the farmers. The British answered by sending 2, 000 soldiers. The British were on one side of the island, and the Americans were on the other. The problem that began with the pig was about to become a shooting war.
When news of the problem reached Washington and London, both leaders were surprised. Neither country wanted another war. They sent some men to try to fix the problem. After a discussion, it was decided that each country would keep a small group of soldiers on the island. They would stay there until the two countries could decide who owned the island. Then the
others would have to leave.
Twelve years went by. Neither side wanted to give u the island, but they knew they had to do something. They asked the leader of Germany to help decide. After nearly a year of discussion, a decision was made. America would get the island.
Finally, the Pig War was over and only one shot was fired. That was the shot that killed the pig!（1）What caused the problem on the island according to the passage?
A. An American shot a British man.
B. A group of soldiers came to the island.
C. British men destroyed an American's farmland.
D. A British man's pig ate some potatoes of an American farmer's.
（2）The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 4 refers to ________.
A. the farmers
B. the leaders
C. the soldiers
D. the Germans （3）According to the passage, the real purpose of the two countries was ________.
A. to own an island
B. to kill a pig
C. to get more money
D. to start a war （4）Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Pig Island
B. The Pig War
C. The Pig on the Island
D. The Island War
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：英美两国因一头英国人饲养的猪吃了美国人种植的土豆引起的争端，其实他们最终的目的就是争夺小岛的所有权，
（1）细节理解题。根据文中的语句But the peace ended the day the British man's pig decided to eat some of an American farmer's potatoes.理解可知，这场战争的主要起因就是英国人的猪吃了美国人的土豆，故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据文中的语句After a discussion, it was decided that each country would keep a small group of soldiers on the island. They would stay there until the two countries could decide who owned the island. 理解可知，经过讨论，决定每个国家在岛上保留一小队士兵。他们将一直呆在那里，直到两国决定谁拥有这个岛。they指代的就是士兵，故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据文中的语句Twelve years went by. Neither side wanted to give u the island, but they knew they had to do something. They asked the leader of Germany to help decide. After nearly a year of discussion, a decision was made. America would get the island.理解可知，英美两国的最终目的就是争夺小岛的所有权，故选A。
（4）标题推断题。通读全文可知，英美的争议是因一头猪吃了土豆引起的，其实他们最终的目的就是争夺小岛的所有权，故选B。
【点评】考阅读理解。本题主要涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题可以直接从文中找到答案，而主旨大意题需要认真阅读仔细理解，归纳出中心思想。
6．阅读理解
Corky was a brave young man and he dreamed of becoming the best fighter in the world.
To become stronger and get better fighting skills, he went to many schools. One day, he went to the best school in the world. Before entering the gate, he was made to hand in all his weapons （武器）.
"You won't need those any more. Here you'll get better ones," said the guard. Corky handed his weapons to him. A serious old teacher took Corky to his room. Before he left, he said to Corky, "In a hundred days the training will start." A hundred days! At first Corky thought that was a joke, but he soon realized the old teacher had been serious. Corky felt nervous during the first days and he tried many ways to try to get the teacher to start the training. However, it didn't work. At last Corky waited patiently and enjoyed each day in the school.
"You've already learned how to use your main weapon—patience," said the old teacher. Corky could hardly believe it, but he really understood that the teacher was right. Finally, the lesson began. "Now it's time to learn how to win every fight," said the old teacher. That sounded good to Corky until he found himself tied hand and foot. Many villagers tried to hit him because they were told that Corky was a dangerous man. The same thing was repeated for days, and Corky knew he had to do something. He realized that the only way would be to deal with the villagers' anger （怒气）. In the following days, Corky kept talking to them until he managed to make them believe that he was not an enemy. In the end, the villagers made friends with Corky.
Finally, Corky knew what the most powerful weapon was. He said thanks to the teacher and left.
（1）Why did the old teacher tell Corky that the training would start in a hundred days?
A. Because he didn't feel well.
B. Because he wanted Corky to leave.
C. Because he wanted Corky to be patient.
D. Because he thought Corky needed a good rest.
（2）Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to the story?
①Corky was hit by the villagers.
②Corky handed his weapons to the guard.
③Corky tried to get the teacher to start the training.
A. ③①②
B. ②③①
C. ③②①
D.
②①③
（3）What can we infer（推断） from the story?
A. Corky went to the school to kill his enemy.
B. Corky stayed at the school for over 100 days.
C. Corky was tied hand and foot because he was dangerous.
D. In the end, Corky killed the villagers.
（4）According to the passage, what was the most powerful weapon?
A. Strength.
B. Fighting skills.
C. Patience.
D. Words.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲述了库尔奇如何想成为世界上最勇敢的战士的故事，从而告诉我们最强大的武器是我们自己和耐心。
（1）细节理解题根据第三段的意思，可知老师为的是让他有耐心。故选C。
（2）细节理解题①Corky was hit by the villagers.通过村民库尔奇成功了。②Corky handed his weapons to the guard.库尔奇递给门卫武器。③Corky tried to get the teacher to start the training. 库尔奇试图让老师开始了训练。根据故事发展的顺序看应是231，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段中描述“In a hundred days the training will start.” 可知答案B 的描述是正确的。故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据老师给库尔奇的两次考验，主要是考验的的耐心还有遇到问题靠自己。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解，本文主要涉及细节理解题和推理判断题，细节理解题主要是在文章中找到答案的依据。推理判断题是根据上下文推断出需要的信息。
7．阅读理解
China's second female astronaut, Wang Yaping, has given the country's first-ever video lecture from space. The whole lecture lasted about 40 minutes.
Speaking to students through live video, from the Tiangong-I space laboratory, Ms. Wang used spinning tops （旋转的陀螺）, a ball and some water to explain physics in zero-gravity（失重）, with the help of a fellow astronaut.
Ms. Wang used different experiments to demonstrate the concepts of weight and mass（重量和质量的概念）in space. Towards the end of the class, Ms. Wang made a film（薄膜）of water using a metal ring. She then turned the film of water into a water ball by pouring more water onto it.
Around 330 primary and secondary school students watched the lecture from a special classroom in Beijing, where they could also ask Ms. Wang questions through live video. From time to time, the students greeted her lecture with warm applause（掌声）.
When answering a student's question, Ms. Wang described what she could see in space. "The stars we see are much brighter, but they do not twinkle（闪烁）," she said, "The sky we see isn't blue, but black. And every day, we can see the sun rise 16 times because we circle the Earth every 90 minutes."
About 60 million students and teachers around China also watched the lecture live on TV.
（1）What's the purpose（目的） of the space lecture?
A. To explain physics of zero-gravity in space.
B. To demonstrate the concept of weight and mass in space.
C. To tell us what can be seen in space.
D. To show that the Earth is far away from space.
（2）What does the underlined word "demonstrate" in the passage most probably mean in Chinese?
A. 区别
B. 强调
C. 传授
D. 演示（3）Towards the end of the lecture, Wang Yaping made a film of water so as to .
A. play with it
B. use a metal ring
C. turn it into a water ball
D. pour more water onto it
（4）About students and teachers watched the lecture both from a special classroom and on TV.
A. 330
B. 60,000,000
C. 6,000,330
D. 60,000,330（5）Which is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Wang Yaping is China's second female astronaut.
B. Wang Yaping gave the lecture from space all by herself.
C. The lecture was warmly welcomed by the students.
D. The sky isn't blue but black when astronauts see it in space.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）D
（5）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：中国的第二位女宇航员王亚平已经在空间上发表了全国第一个视频讲座。数以千万计的学生通过看电视观看精彩的表演。学生对太空和科学产生了很大的兴趣，他们梦想自己成为一个航天员。
（1）细节理解题，根据文中的语句Ms. Wang used spinning tops （旋转的陀螺）, a ball and some water to explain physics in zero-gravity（失重）, with the help of a fellow astronaut.理解可知，太空实验的目的就是来解释零重力下的物理。故选A。
（2）词义理解题，根据文中的语句Ms. Wang used different experiments to demonstrate the concepts of weight and mass（重量和质量的概念） in space.理解可知女士用不同的实验演示了太空中重量和质量的概念。故选D。
（3）细节理解题，根据文中的语句She then turned the film of water into a water ball by pouring more water onto it.理解可知，王女士拍电影的目的就是将它变成一个小水珠，故选C。
（4）细节理解题，根据文中的语句 Around 330 primary and secondary school students watched the lecture from a special classroom in Beijing, 以及 About 60 million students and teachers around China also watched the lecture live on TV.理解可知，全国将有60,000,330人观看了这堂讲座，故选D。
（5）细节理解题，根据文中的语句 Ms. Wang used spinning tops （旋转的陀螺）, a ball and some water to explain physics in zero-gravity（失重）, with the help of a fellow astronaut.理解可知，王女士在同伴的帮助下，给全国的观众上了这堂课，而不是她自己，选项B的描述是错误的，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题，词义推断题，推理判断题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；词义推断题以及判断题都需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项
8．阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.
Venice is in the north-east of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.
Even so, travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 177 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. They like to enjoy the scenery and the cool summer night while taking boat trips. They can talk to other people as they go along.
Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1, 500 years ago, and built homes there.
Water makes the city special, but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special but when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.
Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimetres. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean （北冰洋） melt （融化）.
Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes, more than half of the city is underwater.
Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be built under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.
（1）According to the passage, Venice is ________ of Italy.
A. in the north-east
B. in the west
C. in the south-west
D. in the south （2）________ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city.
A. Taxis and cars
B. The waterways
C. 400 bridges
D. Boats and rain shoes （3）Venice ________ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1, 500 years ago.
A. changed into
B. turned into
C. became
D. developed from
（4）Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower?
A. The higher temperature.
B. Overused underground water.
C. Too many waterways.
D. The rising seawater.
（5）The passage is mainly about ________ of Venice.
A. the waterways and bridges
B. the MOST project and problems
C. the features and problems
D. the history and scenery
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了威尼斯是一座水上城市，还有它的地理位置，近况以及面临的问题。
（1）细节理解题。根据Venice is in the northeast of Italy．可知威尼斯位于意大利的东北部。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据The waterways have always been the best way to get around．可知水路是最好的出行方式。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1，500 years ago，and built homes there．可知威尼斯从咸水湖小岛发展而成。故选D。
（4）细节理解题。根据Once，people used too much underground water．This made the city get lower little by little．Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters．Another problem is the rising seawater．The temperature has risen over the years．This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean （北冰洋） melt．可知太多的水路与城市变得越来越低没有关系。故选C。（5）主旨归纳题。根据语境Even so，travel isn't difficult．The waterways have always been the best way to get around．和Anyway，this project is helping solve theproblem．可知文章主要说的是威尼斯的特色和问题。故选C。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出主题句。
二、中考英语完形填空（含答案详细解析）
9．阅读下面短文，掌握大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Have you ever eaten a dandelion （蒲公英）? Me neither. Have you ever blown it to make a wish? Me, too.
"Time to pick dandelions, Athena, "Mum opened the car door and I entered with a 1 . My hometown is in Greece （希腊）, where dandelions are 2 on the menu. But I didn't
eat dandelions. Why did I have to 3 them with my family every spring?
Then I said goodbye to my new friend Brigid, whose family had 4 moved in our neighborhood in New York. I was 5 Brigid didn't ask where we were going. Nobody in America ate dandelions. I always worried that 6 would notice us picking dandelions.
We 7 into a wild field. Hundreds of lively yellow flowers appeared everywhere. Then we stopped our car. Dad went over to cut dandelions and put them in his bag. But I just hid in the book. " 8 do we cat dandelions? "I asked. "The best food in the world. "Dad answered, shaking a handful of greens. 9 we were ready to leave, we had enough dandelions. On the way home, Mum and Dad talked about hosting a dinner party for the new neighbors to try our 10 Greek food.
The night of the party, Brigid arrived with her parents. Mum served 11 different。Greek foods. Our guests ate everything. Finally came the dandelions. "Wait!" I said to Brigid. But it was too 12 . "You ate the dandelions! "I told her. We both 13 , and she ate another bite. " 14 , "she said.
Mum was smiling at us. After dinner. Brigid and I went to the backyard and lay on the grass. The stars reminded me of dandelions in the soft field. I closed my eyes and made a 15 : to be as open-minded as my family and my new friend.
1. A. bag B. book C. menu D. flower
2. A. ever B. never C. always D. hardly
3. A. pick B. plant C. watch D. water
4. A. quickly B. quietly C. finally D. recently
5. A. sad B. glad C. proud D. disappointed
6. A. anyone B. someone C. everyone D. no one
7. A. ran B. flew C. drove D. walked
8. A. How B. Why C. When D. Where
9. A. When B. Since C. Unless D. Although
10. A. new B. fast C. expensive D. traditional
11. A. it B. her C. him D. them
12. A. late B. early C. lucky D. quick
13. A. bowed B. shook C. laughed D. greeted
14. A. Be careful B. Never mind C. Not bad D. You' re welcome
15. A. wish B. report C. speech D. Suggestion
【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）A；（4）D；（5）B；（6）B；（7）C；（8）B；（9）A；（10）D；（11）D；（12）A；（13）C；（14）C；（15）A；
【解析】【分析】主要讲了作者和家人在纽约田野里采摘蒲公英，并且晚上邀请新邻居吃蒲公英。
（1）句意：我带着一个包进入。A.包；B.书；C.菜单；D.花。根据前文可知去摘蒲公英，所以是带着包，故选A。
（2）句意：我的家乡在希腊，那里的菜单上总是有蒲公英。A.曾经；B.从不；C.总是；D.几乎不。根据后文可知作者妈妈做了希腊食物——蒲公英，所以希腊菜单上总是有蒲公
英，故选C。
（3）句意：为什么我每年春天不得不和家人采摘它们？A.采摘；B.种植；C.观看；D.浇水。根据前文可知作者一家人去采摘蒲公英，故选A。
（4）句意：然后我和我们的新邻居说再见，他家最近搬到纽约在我们的新街区。A.迅速地；B.安静地；C.最后；D.最近。新邻居是最近搬来的，故选D。
（5）句意：我是高兴的不Bigid没问我们去哪。A.难过的；B.高兴的；C.骄傲的；D.失望的。根据后句可知美国人不吃蒲公英，所以作者是高兴的，没人知道我们去摘蒲公英，故选B。
（6）句意：我总是担心有人将注意到我们摘蒲公英。A.任何人；B.有人；C.每个人；D.没人。作者担心有人会看见他们摘蒲公英，故选B。
（7）句意：我们开车来到一个田野。A.跑；B.飞；C.开车；D.步行。根据Then we stopped our car.我们停下车，可知是开车去的，故选C。
（8）句意：为什么我们吃蒲公英？A.怎样；B.为什么；C.什么时候；D.哪里。根据"The best food in the world. "Dad answered可知爸爸回答了作者的提问：为什么吃蒲公英，爸爸说是世界上最好的食物，故选B。
（9）句意：当我们准备离开时，我们有足够的蒲公英。A.当.......时候；B.自从；C.除非；D.尽管。当离开时作者一家摘了足够的蒲公英，故选A。
（10）句意：爸爸妈妈谈论给新邻居举办一个晚餐聚会来尝试我们传统的希腊食物。A.新的；B.快的；C.昂贵的；D.传统的。蒲公英是希腊传统食物，故选D。
（11）句意：妈妈提供他们不同的希腊食物。A.它；B.她；C.他；D.他们。根据前句可知Brigid和父母一起来的，所以妈妈款待他们，即them，故选D。
（12）句意：但是它是太晚了。A.晚；B.早；C.幸运的；D.迅速的。根据Finally came the dandelions. "Wait!" I said to Brigid.和"You ate the dandelions! "I told her. 可知作者以为Brigid 不喜欢吃蒲公英，阻止Brigid吃，但是Brigid吃了，所以是晚了，故选A。
（13）句意：我们都笑了。A.鞠躬；B.摇晃；C.笑；D.问候。根据Mum was smiling at us.妈妈朝我们笑，可知是我们也笑了，故选C。
（14）句意：不差。A.小心；B.不介意；C.不差；D.不客气。Brigid吃了口蒲公英，说蒲公英好吃，不难吃，故选C。
（15）句意：我闭上眼睛，许愿。A.祝福，愿望；B.报道；C.演讲；D.建议。根据第一段Have you ever blown it to make a wish? 可知蒲公英用来许愿，make a wish，许愿，故选A。【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。
10．请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Do you know that the "Happy birthday to you" song is the first song sung in outer space? Apollo IX astronauts 1 it on March 8, 1969. It is one of the most popular English songs of
all time. Here is the story behind it.
The song was written by two sisters from Kentury, Mildred and patty Smith Hill. It was first published under the 2 of "Good morning to All" in 1893. It was used as a classroom 3 . Teachers sang it each day to welcome theirs students to the classroom.
The composer, Mildred Hill, was a concert pianist. Her sister, Patty Smith Hill wrote the original （最初的）lyrics （歌词）for the song while she was a teacher in a kindgarten in Louiville, Kentury, where Mildred also 4 .
The Hill sisters copyrighted （取得版权）their song on October 16, 1893. However, it appeared 5 their agreement in Robert H. Coleman's songbook on March 4, 1924. Coleman changed part of the lyrics to say, "Happy Birthday to you", 6 the song still had it's original title. The song was then published several times over the next ten years, often with small 7 in the lyrics. In 1934, when the song was sung every night in a Broadway Musical, another Hill sister, Jessica, went to court（法院） over the copyright problem of the song. She was 8 about the theft of the song and the failure to pay to her sister. She 9 her case. The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be 10 every time the song was part of a commercial（商业的） production.
The Hill sisters, who devoted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would continue to earn about $ 2 million every year.
1. A. saved B. wrote C. invented D. sang
2. A. notice B. order C. title D. law
3. A. party B. greeting C. discussion D. test
4. A. taught B. searched C. sold D. prepared
5. A. as B. under C. for D. without
6. A. although B. until C. because D. after
7. A. chances B. tasks C. changes D. signs
8. A. satisfied B. glad C. curious D. angry
9. A. lost B. won C. heard D. dropped
10. A. paid B. praised C. invited D. warned
【答案】（1）D；（2）C；（3）B；（4）A；（5）D；（6）A；（7）C；（8）D；（9）B；（10）A；
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文介绍“祝你生日快乐”这首歌是在1969年3月8日阿波罗九号宇航员在外层空间唱的第一首歌。它是有史以来最流行的英语歌曲之一。它有其背后的故事。
（1）句意：1969年3月8日，阿波罗九号宇航员演唱了这首歌。A：saved救，保存；B：wrote 写；C：invented发明；D：sang唱。根据上文Do you know that the "Happy birthday to you" song is the first song sung in outer space? 可知阿波罗九号宇航员唱了这首歌，故选D。
（2）句意：这首歌于1893年按“大家早上好”的顺序首次出版。A：notice注意，通知；B：order 顺序；C：title标题； D：law法律。根据 It was first published ...中的first，可知是按顺序出版的。故选C。
（3）句意：它被用作课堂问候语。A：party聚会；B：greeting 问候；C：discussion讨论； D：test测试。根据... "Good morning to All" ...可知一定是问候语，故选B。
（4）句意：米尔德里德也在那里教书。A：taught教；B：searched 搜寻；C：sold卖；D：prepared准备。根据... while she was a teacher in a kindgarten in Louiville, ...可知一定是在那里教学。故选A。
（5）句意：然而，在1924年3月4日罗伯特·H·科尔曼的歌曲集中，这首歌没有得到他们的同意。A：as作为；B：under 在......之下；C：for 为了；D：without没有。根据下文Coleman changed part of the lyrics to say, "Happy Birthday to you", 可知歌词被修改，是没有经过两姐妹的同意，故选D。
（6）句意：科尔曼把歌词的一部分改成了“祝你生日快乐”，尽管这首歌仍然保留着原版的标题。A：although尽管；B：until直到...... C：because因为；D：after在......之后。根据前后句意思可知两句是让步（转折）关系，故选A。
（7）句意：这首歌被出版了好几次，歌词中经常有小的变化。A：chances机会；B：tasks任务； C：changes 改变，变化；D：signs标记。根据下文 In 1934, when the song was sung every night in a Broadway Musical, another Hill sister, Jessica, went to court（法院） over the copyright problem of the song. 可知这首歌一定歌词中有效的变化，涉及版权的问题，才会去法院，故选C。
（8）句意：她对那首歌的失窃和她没有付给妹妹钱感到愤怒。A：satisfied 满意的；B：glad高兴的； C：curious 好奇的；D：angry生气的。根据句末...the theft of the song and the failure to pay to her sister. 可知她一定会生气，故选D。
（9）句意：她赢了。A：lost B：won C：heard D：dropped。根据下文The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be...every time the song was part of a commercial （商业的） production. 可知她赢了这场案件，故选B
（10）句意：每当这首歌成为商业制作的一部分时，他们都必须得到报酬。A：paid付给；B：praised 表扬；C：invited邀请；D：warned警告。根据下文The Hill sisters, who devoted their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would
continue to earn about $ 2 million every year. 可知要付给两姐妹的钱，故选A。
【点评】考查完形填空。做题时，应先通读全文，了解大意,理清文章的内容和逻辑关系。
然后逐一做题,，注意上下文的提示和空前后的搭配；最后再读短文，印证答案。
11．阅读短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中找出一个最佳的选项填空，使短文完整、通顺。
A kindergarten teacher decided to have her class play a game. The teacher told each student to bring a plastic bag with a few potatoes in it to school. Each student would "name" their potatoes after people they did not like. 1 the number of potatoes would be 2 depending on how many people each student hated.
The next day, with their potatoes, all the students went to school 3 the game. Some kids had just one or two potatoes, while others had as many as five or six. The teacher then told the children that they would have to carry their potatoes with 4 wherever they went for one week.
Several days 5 . Some of the students started to complain（抱怨）, as their potatoes began to rot（腐烂）and 6 bad. The students who carried 7 potatoes began to get unsatisfied with the heavy bags.
One week later, the game 8 . The teacher asked, "How did you 9 carrying around your potatoes for a week?"
The students complained once again. The teacher simply smiled and said, "This is what it's like
to carry hatred（仇恨）in your heart. You have to carry it with you wherever you go. If you can′t tolerate （容忍） carrying rotten potatoes for one week, how can you imagine having 10 in your heart for a whole lifetime? Forgive others and move on with your life."
1. A. However B. In a word C. Therefore D. After all
2. A. different B. similar C. the same D. small
3. A. to watch B. to join in C. to win D. to lose
4. A. it B. that C. them D. school bags
5. A. passed by B. passde on C. passed D. walked by
6. A. taste B. smell C. sound D. feel
7. A. few B. some C. more D. any
8. A. continued B. was done C. began D. was over
9. A. feel like B. look like C. enjoy D. just like
10. A. love B. happiness C. friendship D. hate
【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）B；（4）C；（5）A；（6）B；（7）C；（8）D；（9）A；（10）D；
【解析】【分析】主要讲了一个老师让学生在土豆上命名自己讨厌的人的名字，并且让他们随时随地带一星期，老师最后告诉学生们不能心存怨恨太久。
（1）句意：所以，土豆的数量将是不同的。 A.However然而；B.In a word总之；
C.Therefore因此；
D.After all毕竟。根据学生们把土豆命名为自己不喜欢的人，所以土豆的数量取决于憎恨的人的数量，故答案为C。
（2）句意：所以土豆的数量将是不同的，取决于每个学生憎恨多少人。A.different 不同的；B.similar相似的； C.the same同样的； D. small小的。根据下文depending on how many people each student hated可知，根据他有多少个憎恨的人，可知土豆的数目是不一样的，故答案为A。
（3）句意：第二天，带着他们的土豆，所有学生去学校加入了这个游戏。A.to watch看；
B.to join in加入；
C. to win 赢；
D.to lose失去。根据前文A kindergarten teacher decided to have her class play a game可知孩子们都加入了这个游戏，故答案为B。
（4）句意：老师告诉孩子们一周内他们无论去哪儿都要随身带着自己的他们的土豆。A.it 它； B.that那个； C.them他们； D.school bags书包。根据下文wherever they went for one week可知然后老师告诉孩子们他们无论去哪儿都要随身带着自己的那袋土豆，potatoes是复数，所以用them，故答案为C。
（5）句意：几天过去了，一些学生开始抱怨。A.passed by 经过，逝去；B.passded on传递； C.passed 经过；D.walked by走过。pass by可以表示时间的流逝，故答案为A。
（6）句意：因为他们的土豆开始腐烂变质。A.taste尝起来；B.smell闻起来；C. sound听起来；D.feel感觉起来。根据常识及as their potatoes began to rot（腐烂）and（6）bad可知孩子们带的土豆腐烂了，发出难闻的气味，故答案为B。
（7）句意：那些带着更多土豆的孩子开始不满意沉重的袋子。A.few几乎没有；B. some 一些；C.more更多；D.any任何的。根据下文with the heavy bags可知那些带着更多土豆的孩子开始真切地感受到袋子变得越来越沉，故答案为C。
（8）句意：一周过后，游戏结束。A.continued 继续；B.was done被做；C.began开始；
D.was over 结束。根据前文One week later，the game （8）可知一周过后，游戏结束，故答案为D。
（9）句意：你们整整一周把这些土豆带在身边，感觉怎么样？A.feel like 感觉；B.look like 看起来像；C.enjoy喜欢；D. just like 像。根据How did you（9）carrying around your potatoes for a week？"可知你们整整一周把这些土豆带在身边，感觉怎么样，故答案为A。（10）句意：你怎样想象一生中在你心里有憎恨？A.love爱；B.happiness幸福；
C.friendship 友谊；
D.hate恨。根据全文可知学生们给土豆命名讨厌的学生名字，故答案为D。