南开大学 商学院 宏观经济学期末考试试卷(B卷)
《宏观经济学》2020期末考试试卷
一、单项选择第十二章宏观经济的基本指标及其衡量1．下列关于GDP说法正确的是（③）①一年内一个国家范围内的所有交易的市场价值②一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值③一年内一个国家范围内生产的所有最终商品和劳务的市场价值④一年内一个国家范围内交换的所有商品和劳务的市场价值2．某人收入为1000元，个人所得税200元，政府补助150元，则个人可支配收入为（②）① 1350元② 950元③ 650元④ 1050元3．下列将计入当年GDP的一项是（③）①某人花10万元购买一辆二手汽车②面包厂购买的面粉③某企业当年生产没有卖掉的20万元产品④家庭妇女在家从事家务劳动4．如果一个社会体系的消费支出为9亿元，投资支出为1.2亿元，间接税为1亿元，政府用于商品和劳务的支出为 2.5亿元，出口额为 3亿元，进口额为 1.8亿元，则下列正确的是（①）① GDP为13.9亿元② GDP为12.9亿元③ NDP为13.9亿元④ NDP为12.9亿元5.一国的GNP小于GDP，说明该国公民从国外取得的产值（ B ）外国公民从该国取得的产值。
A、大于B、小于C、等于D、可能大于也可能小于6.今年名义GDP大于去年的名义GDP，说明（ D ）A、今年的物价水平一定比去年高了B、今年生产的物品和劳务总量一定比去年增加了C、今年的物价水平和实物产量水平一定都比去年提高了D、以上三种说法都不一定正确。
7．在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中，数值最小的是（ C ）A、国民生产净值；B、个人收入；C、个人可支配收入；D、国民收入8、一国国内在一定时期内生产的所有最终产品和劳务的市场价值根据价格变化调整后的数值被称为（ B ）A、国民生产净值；B、实际国内生产总值；C、名义国内生产总值；D、潜在国内生产总值9、在统计中，社会保险税增加对( D )项有影响。
A、国内生产总值(GＤＰ)；B、国内生产净值(ＮＤＰ)；C、国民收入(NＩ)；D、个人收入(PＩ)。
[南开大学]《管理者宏观经济学》期末考试试题
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南开大学现代远程教育学院考试卷2019年度秋季学期期末(2020.2) 《管理者宏观经济学》学习中心：____________________________ 专业：_______________________ 姓名：_________________ 学号：_______________ 成绩：___________一、请同学们在下列（29）题目中任选一题，写成期末论文。
1、宏观经济学的研究对象与方法2、GDP的含义和局限性分析3、国民生产总值与国内生产总值的区别4、凯恩斯的消费函数理论5、消费函数与储蓄函数的关系6、如何理解节俭的悖论？7、简单的凯恩斯模型的内容与政策分析8、凯恩斯的货币需求理论9、IS—LM模型的含义与政策分析10、货币市场均衡的条件与变动11、法定准备率与货币政策12、基于IS—LM模型的财政政策与货币政策的效果分析13、基于AS—AD模型的财政政策与货币政策的效果分析14、简单凯恩斯模型、IS-LM模型和AS-AD模型的比较分析15、宏观经济政策的内涵、目标与工具16、财政政策的自动稳定器功能17、简述经济周期理论18、简述经济增长理论19、什么叫通货膨胀？分析通货膨胀对经济的影响20、运用菲利普斯曲线阐述失业与通货膨胀的关系21、蒙代尔-弗莱明模型的含义与宏观经济政策22、“流动性陷阱”与货币政策效果23、挤出效应与财政政策效果24、IS-LM-BP模型的含义与宏观经济政策25、近3年来中国宏观经济政策的内容与效果分析26、如何评价中国的国内生产总值（GDP）评价27、阐述中国经济增长方式转变的动力、目标与方式28、管理者环境的管理需要观察宏观经济指标，例举5个关键的指标，并分析之。
29、分析CPI的内涵，阐述中国的消费物价指数。
二、论文写作要求论文题目应为授课教师指定题目，论文要层次清晰、论点清楚、论据准确；论文写作要理论联系实际，同学们应结合课堂讲授内容，广泛收集与论文有关资料，含有一定案例，参考一定文献资料。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷1附答案共6页word资料
一、选择题 (每小题 1 分，共 30 分)1．The government reports that "GDP increased by 1.6percent in the last quarter." This statement means that GDP increaseda. by 6.4 percent for the year.b. at an annual rate of 6.4 percent during the last quarter.c. at an annual rate of 1.6 percent during the last quarter.d. at an annual rate of .4 percent during the last quarter.2．A Brazilian company produces soccer balls in the United States and exports all of them. If the price of the soccer balls increases, the GDP deflatora. and the CPI both increase.b. is unchanged and the CPI increases.c. increases and the CPI is unchanged.d. and the CPI are unchanged.3．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.4．A nation's standard of living is measured by itsa. real GDP.b. real GDP per person.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GDP per person.5．In 2019 President Bush imposed restrictions on imports of steel to protect the U.S.steel industry.a. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverseeffects on growth.b. This is an inward-oriented policy which most economists believe havebeneficial effects on growth.c. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have adverse effects on growth.d. This is an outward-oriented policy which most economists believe have beneficial effects ongrowth.6．Generally when economists and the text talk of the "interest rate," they are talking about thea. real interest rate.b. current nominal interest rate.c. real interest rate minus the inflation rate.d. equilibrium nominal interest rate.7．An increase in the budget deficita. makes investment spending fall.b. makes investment spending rise.c. does not affect investment spending.d. may increase, decrease, or not affect investment spending.8．Norne Corporation is considering building a new plant. It will cost them $1 million today to build it and it will generate revenues of $1,121 million three years from today. Of the interest rates below, which is the highest interest rate at which Norne would still be willing to build the plant?a. 3 percentb. 3.5 percentc. 4 percentd. 4.5 percent9．Recent entrants into the labor force account for abouta. 1/2 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.b. 1/3 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.c. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/2 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force.d. 1/4 of those who are unemployed. Spells of unemployment end about 1/5 of the time with peopleleaving the labor force10．Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money?a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, sweettooth, in dollars.b. You pay for your WNBA tickets with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.11．Current U.S. currency isa. fiat money with intrinsic value.b. fiat money with no intrinsic value.c. commodity money with intrinsic value.d. commodity money with no intrinsic value.12．Velocity in the country of Shem is always stable. In 2019, the money supply was $200 billion and the GDP price deflator was four times as high as it was in the base year. In 2019, the money supply increased to $240 billion, the price level increased by 15 percent, and nominal GDP equaled $1,200 billion. By how much did real GDP increase between 2019 and 2019?a. 20 percentb. 4.35 percentc. 2.17 percentd. There is not enough information to answer the question.13．Shoeleather costs refer toa. the cost of more frequent price changes induced by higher inflation.b. the distortion in resource allocation created by distortions in relative prices dueto inflation.c. resources used to maintain lower money holdings when inflation is high.d. the distortion in incentives created by inflation by taxes that do not adjust forinflation.14．International tradea. raises the standard of living in all trading countries.b. lowers the standard of living in all trading countries.c. leaves the standard of living unchanged.d. raises the standard of living for importing countries and lowers it for exportingcountries.15．Which of the following would be U.S. foreign portfolio investment?a. Disney builds a new amusement park near Rome, Italy.b. Your economics professor buys stock in companies located in Eastern European countries.c. A Dutch hotel chain opens a new hotel in the United States.d. A citizen of Singapore buys a bond issued by a U.S. corporation.16．A Venezuelan firm purchases earth-moving equipment from a U.S. company and pays for it with domestic currency. This transactiona. increases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.b. increases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.c. decreases U.S. net exports, and increases Venezuelan net capital outflow.d. decreases U.S. net exports, and decreases Venezuelan net capital outflow.17．At the equilibrium interest rate in the open economy macroeconomic model, the amount that people want to save equals the desired quantity ofa. net capital outflow.b. domestic investment.c. net capital outflow plus domestic investment.d. foreign currency supplied.18．In an open economy,a. net capital outflow = imports.b. net capital outflow = net exports.c. net capital outflow = exports.d. None of the above is correct.19．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, the real exchange rate is determined in the market where dollars are exchanged for foreign currency by the equality of the supply of dollars, which comes froma. U.S. national saving and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.b. U.S. net capital outflow and the demand for dollars for U.S. net exports.c. domestic investment and the demand for U.S. net exports.d. foreign demand for U.S. goods and U.S. demand for foreign goods.20．If a government increases its budget deficit, then interest ratesa. rise and the trade balance moves toward surplus.b. rise and the trade balance moves toward deficit.c. fall and the trade balance moves toward surplus.d. fall and the trade balance moves toward deficit.21．Investment spending decreases when the price levela. rises causing interest rates to rise.b. rises causing interest rates to fall.c. falls causing interest rates to rise.d. falls causing interest rates to fall.22．An increase in the price level and a decrease in real GDP in the short run could be created bya. an increase in the money supply.b. an increase in government expenditures.c. a fall in stock prices.d. bad weather in farm states.23．Which part of real GDP fluctuates most over the course of the business cycle?a. consumptionb. government expendituresc. investmentd. net exports24．According to liquidity preference theory, the price level and interest rate area. positively related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.b. inversely related as are the interest rate and aggregate demand.c. positively related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are inverselyrelated.d. inversely related while the interest rate and aggregate demand are positivelyrelated.25．Which of the following shifts aggregate demand to the right?a. an increase in the price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the price leveld. a decrease in the money supply26．If the Fed conducts open-market sales, the money supplya. increases and aggregate demand shifts right.b. increases and aggregate demand shifts left.c. decreases and aggregate demand shifts right.d. decreases and aggregate demand shifts left.27．Some economists argue thata. monetary policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.b. fiscal policy should actively be used to stabilize the economy.c. fiscal policy can be used to shift the AD curve.d. All of the above are correct.28．The lag problem associated with monetary policy is due mostly toa. the fact that business firms make investment plans far in advance.b. the political system of checks and balances that slows down the process of determining monetarypolicy.c. the time it takes for changes in government spending to affect the interest rate.d. All of the above are correct.29．A. W. Phillips' findings were based on dataa. from 1861-1957 for the United Kingdom.b. from 1861-1957 for the United States.c. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United Kingdom.d. mostly from the post-World War II period in the United States.30．Which of the following is true concerning the long-run Phillips curve?a. Its position is determined primarily by monetary factors.b. If it shifts right, long-run aggregate supply shifts right.c. It cannot be changed by any government policy.d. its position depends on the natural rate of unemployment.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．The government component of GDP includes salaries paid to Armygenerals but not Social Security benefits to the elderly.32．An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increases the growth rate of real GDP per person. 33．In ten years when you are the owner of a major U.S. corporation, if your corporation opens and operatesa branch in a foreign country you will be engaging in foreign direct investment.34．Corporations receive no proceeds from the resale of their stock.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．The value of a stock depends on the ability of the company to generate dividends and the expected price of the stock when the stockholder sells her shares.37．A minimum wage above equilibrium creates a labor surplus.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．The use of money allows trade to be roundabout.40．The quantity theory of money can explain hyperinflations but not moderate inflation.41．In every economy, national saving equals domestic investment plus net capital outflow.42．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, net exports represent the quantity of dollars demanded in the foreign-currency exchange market.43．Although trade policies do not affect a country's overall trade balance, they do affect specific firms and industries.44．If speculators bid up the value of the dollar in the market for foreign-currency exchange, aggregate demand would shift to the left.45．In response to a decrease in output the economy would revert to its original level of prices and output whether the decrease in output was caused by a decrease in aggregate demand or a decrease in aggregate supply.46．John Maynard Keynes advocated policies that would increase aggregate demand as a way to decrease unemployment caused by recessions.47．An increase in the money supply shifts the aggregate supply curve right. 48．Unemployment insurance and welfare programs work as automatic stabilizers.49．In the long run, the inflation rate depends primarily on money supply growth.50．Although monetary policy cannot reduce the natural rate of unemployment, other types of policies can.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect:52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Using a graph representing the market for loanable funds, show and explain what happens to interest rates and investment if a government goes from a deficit to a surplus.58．Which two of the Ten Principles of Economics imply that the Fed can profoundly affect the economy?59．The U.S. Treasury Department issues inflation-indexed bonds. What are inflation-indexed bonds and why are they important?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．How does a reduction in the money supply by the Fed make owning stocks less attractive?63．Why and in what way are fiscal policy lags different from monetary policy lags?五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Suppose government spends $3 billion to buy police cars. Explain whyaggregate demand might increase by more than $3 billion. Explain why aggregate demand might increase by less than $3 billion.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period beforeChristmas would be longer. Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.《宏观经济学》答题纸6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.26. 27. 28. 29. 30.二、判断题(正确用“T ”；错误用“F ”；每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31. 32. 33. 34.35.36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.三、名词解释(每小题 2分，共 10 分)51．catch-up effect: 52．depreciation: 53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷A 参考答案1.c2.c3.d4.b5.a6.a7.a8.b9.b 10.a 11.b 12.b 13.c 14.a 15.b 16.b 17.c 18.b19.b 20.b 21.a 22.d 23.c 24.c 25.b 26.d 27.d 28.a 29.a 30.d31.T 32.T 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.T 37.T 38.F 39.T 40.F 41.T 42.T 43.T 44.T 45.F 46.T 47.F 48.T 49.T 50.T 51.the property whereby contries that start off poor tend to grow more rapidly than countries that start off rich.52.a decrease in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy. 53.a large and sudden reduction in the demand for assets located in a country. 54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recessionwithout policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater than growth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue to populate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improve their standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with more population comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more than offset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. As shown in the graph below, the economy starts in equilibrium at point E0 with interest rate r0 and equilibrium quantity of saving and investment at q0. If the government succeeds in obtaining a surplus, there will be more public saving in the economy at each interest rate, and the supply of loanable funds curve will shift from S0 to S1. The new equilibrium will be at E1, with a lower interest rate, r1 and a higher quantity of saving and investment, q1. Hence, if the federal government succeeds in having a surplus, interest rates will fall and investment will increase.Market for Loanable Funds58. 1. Prices rise when the government prints too much money.2. There is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.59. Inflation-indexed bonds are bonds whose interest and principal payments are adjusted upward for inflation, guaranteeing their real purchasing power in the future. They are important because they provide a safe, inflation-proof asset for savers and they may allow the Treasury to borrow more easily at a lower current cost.60. Examples in the text (or variations) include increased immigration, a decrease in the minimum wage, more generous unemployment insurance, an increase in the capital stock, an increase in the average level of education, a discovery of new mineral deposits, technology, and removal of barriers to international trade.61.See graph.Over time technological advances cause the long-run aggregate supply curve to shift right. Increases in the money supply cause the aggregate demand curve to shift right. Output growth puts downward pressure on the price level, but money supply growth contributes to rising prices.62. The reduction in the money supply raises the interest rate. So the return on bonds increases relative to the return on stocks. The increase in the interest rate also causes spending to fall so that revenues and profits fall making shares of ownership in corporations less valuable.63.The fiscal policy lags are mostly a matter of waiting to implement the policy. By the time the president and Congress can agree to and pass legislation changing expenditures or taxes, the recession may have ended. The Federal Reserve can act to change the money supply quickly, but it may take some time before the effects of an increase in the money supply work their way through the economy.64. 当政府支出30亿美元购买警车时，直接投资增加警车生产企业的利润，这种增加又使该企业雇佣更多工人，并增加生的。
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案
《宏观经济学》试卷一、单项选择题:(以下各题的备选答案中,只有一项是正确的.将正确的序号填在括号内。
）1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中:A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买40股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。
3、计入GDP的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为0。
7；B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2；C、边际储蓄倾向为0。
4；D、边际储蓄倾向为0。
3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y,如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入A、增加100亿元；B、减少100亿元；C、增加500亿元;D、减少500亿元。
8、如果政府支出增加A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合,都是A、投资大于储蓄;B、投资小于储蓄；C、投资等于储蓄;D、无法确定.11、当经济中未达到充分就业时,如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升;D、收入减少、利率下降.12、一般地,在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降;C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降.13、如果现行产出水平为10万亿元，总需求为8万亿，可以断定,若经济不是充分就业，那么:A、就业水平将下降B、收入水平将上升C、收入和就业水平将均衡D、就业量将上升E、就业水平将上升，收入将下降14、在流动陷阱（凯恩斯陷阱）中A、货币政策和财政政策都十分有效B、货币政策和财政政策都无效C、货币政策无效，财政政策有效D、货币政策有效，财政政策无效E、以上说法都不正确15、如果实施扩张性的货币政策,中央银行可采取的措施是A、卖出国债;B、提高法定准备金比率；C、降低再贴现率;D、提高再贴现率；16、如果名义利率为6%，通货膨胀率为12%，那么实际利率是A、6%；B、18%;C、12％；D、-6%。
南开大学2019年9月西方经济学(宏观)期末考试答案
一1.D 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10A二错错错对错错对对错错三1.简述凯恩斯货币政策的传导机制凯恩斯的货币政策传导机制理论是凯恩斯在面对20世纪30年代大危机和大规模失业现象，试图寻找一种新的理论给以阐释而得出的理论，这一理论就是他在《通论》中建立的生产的货币理论。
其思路是这样的：有效需求是社会总供给与社会总需求达到均衡时的总需求，社会总产量就由这种均衡态所决定。
但总供给在短期内不会有大的变动，因此，产量实际取决于社会总需求或有效需求。
有效需求由边际消费倾向、资本边际效率、灵活偏好三大心理因素所决定的消费需求与投资需求所构成，在边际消费倾向递减从而消费需求不足时，投资需求必然成为弥补总供给与总需求缺口的关键因素。
投资需求取决于利率与资本边际效率的对比关系，当资本边际效率随着投资增加而递减时，利率又成为决定投资需求的关键因素。
由于利息是人们放弃灵活偏好的报酬，因此，利息率的高低便取决于人们对货币的灵活偏好程度即货币的需求程度。
这样，货币、利率、投资、有效需求就被凯恩斯联结成为一个有机的整体，构成他的货币政策传导机制的重要变量。
利率被赋予了重要的传递中介或传递渠道地位。
在货币政策的传导机制中，由于凯恩斯强调的是利率渠道的作用，因此整个货币政策的传导过程也就是利率效应产生的过程。
2. 解释通货膨胀的成因.关于通货膨胀的原因，可分为三个方面：第一方面为货币数量论的解释，这种解释强调货币在通货膨胀过程中的重要性；第二方面是用需求与总供给来解释，包括从需求的角度和供给的角度的解释；第三方面是从经济结构因素变动的角度来说明通货膨胀的原因。
需求拉动的通货膨胀，又称超额需求通货膨胀，是指总需求超过总供给所引起的一般价格水平的持续显著的上涨。
需求拉动的通货膨胀理论把通货膨胀解释为“过多的货币追逐过少的商品”成本推动的通货膨胀，又称为成本通货膨胀或供给通货膨胀，是指在没有超额需求的情况下由于供给方面成本的提高所引起的一般价格水平持续和显著的上涨。
宏观经济学期末试卷及答案
山东经济学院《宏观经济学》试卷一、单项选择题:(以下各题的备选答案中,只有一项是正确的。
将正确的序号填在括号内。
)1、在一般情况下，国民收入核算体系中数值最小的是：A、国内生产净值B、个人收入C、个人可支配收入D、国民收入E、国内生产总值2、下列哪一项应计入GDP中：A、面包厂购买的面粉B、购买40股股票C、家庭主妇购买的面粉D、购买政府债券E、以上各项都不应计入。
3、计入GDP的有：A、家庭主妇的家务劳动折算合成的收入B、拍卖毕加索作品的收入C、出神股票的收入D、晚上为邻居照看儿童的收入E、从政府那里获得的困难补助收入4、在下列各项中，属于经济中的注入因素是A、投资；B、储蓄；C、净税收；D、进口。
5、政府支出乘数A、等于投资乘数B、比投资乘数小1C、等于投资乘数的相反数D、等于转移支付乘数E、以是说法都不正确6、在以下情况中，投资乘数最大的是A、边际消费倾向为0.7；B、边际储蓄倾向为0.2；C、边际储蓄倾向为0.4；D、边际储蓄倾向为0.3。
7、国民消费函数为C=80+0.8Y，如果消费增加100亿元，国民收入A、增加100亿元；B、减少100亿元；C、增加500亿元；D、减少500亿元。
8、如果政府支出增加A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确9、政府税收的增加将A、对IS曲线无响应B、IS曲线向右移动C、IS曲线向左移动D、以上说法都不正确10、位于IS曲线左下方的收入与利率的组合，都是A、投资大于储蓄；B、投资小于储蓄；C、投资等于储蓄；D、无法确定。
11、当经济中未达到充分就业时，如果LM曲线不变，政府支出增加会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
12、一般地，在IS曲线不变时，货币供给减少会导致A、收入增加、利率上升；B、收入增加、利率下降；C、收入减少、利率上升；D、收入减少、利率下降。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷4(附答案)
一、[请单击此处编辑题目] (每小题分，共分)一、选择题(本题包含30小题，每题？分，共？分)1．Suppose GDP consists of wheat and rice. In 2002, 20 bushels of wheat are sold at $4 per bushel, and 10 bushels of rice are sold at $2 per bushel. If the price of wheat was $2 per bushel and the price of rice was $1 per bushel in 2001, the base year, nominal 2002GDP isa. $100, real 2002 GDP is $50, and the GDP deflator is 50.b. $50, real 2002 GDP is $100, and the GDP deflator is 200.c. $100, real 2002 GDP is $50, and the GDP deflator is 200.d. $40, real 2002 GDP is $100, and the GDP deflator is 50.2．The CPI is a measure of the overall cost ofa. inputs purchased by a typical producer.b. goods and services bought by a typical consumer.c. goods and services produced in the economy.d. stocks on the New York Stock Exchange.3．The price of imported athletic shoes produced by a U.S. company operating in Thailand increases. By itself what effect will this change have on the GDP deflator and on theCPI?a. The GDP deflator and the CPI will both increase.b. The GDP deflator will increase and the CPI will be unaffected.c. The GDP deflator and the CPI will both be unaffected.d. The GDP deflator will be unaffected and the CPI will increase.4．Which of the following is a part of your Economics professor's human capital?a. the things she learned at some prestigious universityb. her copy of Mankiw's textc. her chalk holderd. All of the above are correct.5．Which of the following is consistent with the catch-up effect?a. The United States had a higher growth rate before 1900 than after.b. After World War II the United States had lower growth rates than war-ravaged European countries.c. Although the United States has a relatively high level of output per person, its growth rate is rathermodest compared to some countries.d. All of the above are correct.6．Which of the following is correct?a. Stocks, bonds, and deposits are all similar in that each provides a medium of exchangeb. Banks lend mostly to large and familiar companies rather than smaller local firms.c. Banks charge borrowers a slightly lower interest rate than they pay to depositors.d. None of the above are correct.7．Index fundsa. typically have about the same rate of return as more actively managed funds.b. typically have lower rates of return than more actively managed funds.c. contain the stocks and bonds from a single Standard Index Classification of industry.d. typically have higher rates of return than more actively managed funds.8．Three people go to the bank to cash in their accounts. April had her money in an account for 25 years at 4 percent interest. Ben had his money in an account for 20 years at 5 percent interest. Cathy had her money in an account for five years at 20 percent interest. If each of them originally deposited $500 in their accounts, which of them gets the most money when they cash in their accounts?a. Aprilb. Benc. Cathyd. They each get the same amount.9．The reported unemployment rate should be viewed asa. a useful but imperfect measure of joblessness.b. clearly smaller than the true unemployment rate.c. clearly larger than the true unemployment rate.d. being very close to the true unemployment rate.10．Commodity money isa. backed by gold.b. the principal type of money in use today.c. money with intrinsic value.d. receipts created in international trade that are used as a medium of exchange.11．Which list contains only actions that decrease the money supply?a. raise the discount rate, make open market purchasesb. raise the discount rate, make open market salesc. lower the discount rate, make open market purchasesd. lower the discount rate, make open market sales12．According to the classical dichotomy, which of the following is influenced by monetary factors?a. the real wageb. the real interest ratec. the nominal waged. All of the above are correct.13．Which of the following statements is NOT true?a. Inflation reduces the purchasing power of most workers.b. Given the current U.S. tax structure, inflation reduces the incentive to save.c. The inflation tax causes deadweight loss because people waste scarce resourcestrying to avoid it.d. Countries with high rates of inflation usually also have volatile rates of inflation.14．A German company sells cameras to a retailer in the United States. These sales by themselvesa. have no affect on U.S. net exports and increase German net exports.b. decrease U.S. net exports and increase German net exports.c. increase U.S. and German net exports.d. increase U.S. net exports and decrease German net exports.15．If the nominal exchange rate e is foreign currency per dollar, the domestic price is P, and the foreign price is P*, the real exchange rate is defined asa. e(P*/P).b. e(P/P*).c. e + P/P.d. e - P/P*.16．When a country's central bank increases the money supply, itsa. price level rises and its currency appreciates relative to other currencies in the world.b. price level rises and its currency depreciates relative to other currencies in the world.c. price level falls and its currency appreciates relative to other currencies in the world.d. price level falls and its currency depreciates relative to other currencies in the world.17．In the open-economy macroeconomic model, if a country's interest rate increases, its net capital outflowa. and the real exchange rate increase.b. and the real exchange rate decrease.c. increases and the real exchange rate decreases.d. decreases and the real exchange rate increases.18．If the government started with a budget deficit and moved to a surplus, domestic investment woulda. rise and the trade balance would move towards surplus.b. rise and the trade balance would move towards deficit.c. fall and the trade balance would move towards surplus.d. fall and the trade balance would move towards deficit.19．If the United States imposes an import quota on clothing, U.S. exportsa. increase, U.S. imports increase, and U.S. net exports are unchanged.b. increase, U.S. imports decrease, and U.S. net exports increase.c. decrease, U.S. imports increase, and U.S. net exports decrease.d. decrease, U.S. imports decrease, and U.S. net exports are unchanged.20．In 1995 House Speaker Newt Gingrich threatened to send the United States into default on its debt. During the day of this announcement, U.S. interest rates rose and the real exchange rate of the U.S. dollardepreciated. Which of these changes is consistent with the results of the open-economy macroeconomic model?a. the increase in U.S. interest ratesb. the depreciation of the real exchange rate of the U.S. dollarc. Both of the above are consistent.d. Neither of the above are consistent.21．A rise in the economy's overall level of prices tends toa. raise both the quantity demanded and supplied of goods and services.b. raise the quantity demanded of goods and services, but lower the quantity supplied.c. lower the quantity demanded of goods and services, but raise the quantitysupplied.d. lower both the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied of goods andservices.22．When taxes increase, consumption decreases as shown bya. a movement to the left along a given aggregate demand curve.b. shifting aggregate demand to the left.c. shifting aggregate supply the left.d. which does none of the above.23．Which of the following would cause prices and real GDP to rise in the short run?a. an increase in the expected price levelb. an increase in the money supplyc. a decrease in the capital stockd. None of the above is correct.24．Which of the following shifts money demand to the left?a. an increase in the price levelb. a decrease in the price levelc. an increase in the interest rated. a decrease in the interest rate25．According to liquidity preference theory if the price level increases, the equilibrium interest ratea. rises so that the aggregate quantity of goods demand rises.b. rises so that the aggregate quantity of goods demanded falls.c. falls so that the aggregate quantity of goods demanded rises.d. falls so that the aggregate quantity of goods demanded falls.26．In the long run, fiscal policy primarily affectsa. aggregate demand. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregate supply.b. aggregate supply. In the short run, it affects primarily saving, investment, andgrowthc. saving, investment, and growth. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregatedemand.d. saving, investment, and growth. In the short run, it affects primarily aggregate supply.27．If the MPC is 0, the multiplier isa. 0.b. 1.c. infinite.d. None of the above is correct.28．The economy is in long-run equilibrium. Immigration of skilled workers shifts the long-run aggregate supply curve $60 billion to the right. At the same time, government purchases increase by $30 billion. If the MPC equals 0.8 and the crowding-out effect is $90 billion, we would expect that in the long-run,a. both real GDP and the price level would be higher.b. both real GDP and the price level would be lower.c. real GDP would be higher but the price level would be lower.d. real GDP would be higher but the price level would be the same.29．Over the last ten years Canada and many European countries have had higher average unemployment rates than the United States. This suggests that these countriesa. have higher average inflation rates than the United States.b. have long-run Phillips curves to the right of the United States's.c. may have less generous unemployment compensation or lower minimum wages.d. All of the above are consistent with the evidence on unemployment rates.30．A favorable supply shock will cause the short-run Phillips curve to shifta. right and unemployment to rise.b. right and unemployment to fall.c. left and unemployment to rise.d. left and unemployment to fall.二、判断题(本题包含20小题，每题？分，共？分)31．When a Chinese citizen works temporarily in the United States, her production is a part of U.S. GDP.32．Changes in the prices of most natural resources compared to other goods indicate that natural resources are generally becoming scarcer.33．Constant returns to scale is the point on a production function where increasing inputs will no longer increase output.34．When the government runs a budget deficit, national saving is reduced, interest rates rise, and investment falls.35．According to the rule of 70, if you earn an interest rate of 3.5 percent, your savings will double about every 20 years.36．Risk-averse persons will take no risks.37．Someone who is without work but is not looking for work would be counted as unemployed by the BLS.38．The unemployment rate reported by the BLS clearly understates the true unemployment rate.39．M1 includes savings deposits.40．When the value of money is on the vertical axis, an increase in the price level shifts money demand to the right.41．U.S. exports make up less than 20 percent of GDP.42．The key determinant of net capital outflow is the real exchange rate.43．When a country imposes a trade restriction, the real exchange rate of that country's currency appreciates.44．Like real GDP, investment fluctuates, but investment fluctuates by a larger percentage.45．When output rises, unemployment falls.46．An unexpected increase in the price level does not shift the aggregate supply curve, but an expected increase in the price level shifts the aggregate supply curve to the left.47．If inflation is zero, then the nominal and real interest rate are the same.48．The multiplier is found as MPC/(1 - MPC).49．If the Fed were to increase the money supply, inflation and unemployment would both increase in the short run.50．The sacrifice ratio is the percentage point increase in the unemployment rate created in the process of reducing inflation by one percentage point.三、名词解释(本题包含5小题，每题？分，共？分)51．technological knowledge:52．trade deficit:53．trade policy:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题(本题包含8小题，每题？分，共？分)56．Compare and contrast the population theories of Malthus and Kremer.57．Your brother-in-law wants to buy either stock or bonds in Cedar Valley Furniture, but he isn't sure whether to buy the stock or bonds. Explain how each of his quotes below should affect his choice between the stock and the bond.a. "I have reason to believe that people are soon going to find rocking chairs have health benefits."b. "I would like to tell people I am part owner of Cedar Valley Furniture."c. "I do not want to take on much risk."58．Are credit cards and debit cards money? What's the difference between credit and debit cards?59．Suppose that monetary neutrality holds. Of the following variables, which ones do not change when the money supply increases?a. real interest ratesb. inflationc. the price leveld. real outpute. real wagesf. nominal wages60．The long-run trend in real GDP is upward. How is this possible given business cycles?What explains the upward trend?61．What variables besides real GDP tend to decline during recessions? Given the definitionof real GDP, argue that declines in these variables are to be expected.62．Suppose that consumers become pessimistic about the future health of the economy, andso cut back on their consumption spending. What will happen to aggregate demandand to output? What might the president and Congress have to do to keep outputstable?63．Explain how unemployment insurance acts as an automatic stabilizer.参考答案1.c2.b3.d4.a5.d6.d7.d8.a9.a 10.c 11.b 12.c 13.a 14.b 15.b 16.b 17.d 18.a 19.d 20.c 21.c 22.b 23.b 24.b 25.b 26.c 27.b 28.d 29.b 30.d31.T 32.F 33.F 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.F 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.T 42.F 43.T 44.T 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.F 49.F 50.F51.society's understanding of the best ways to produce goods and services.52.an excess of imports over exports.53.a government policy that directly influences the quantity of goods and services that a country importsor exports.54.a period of declining real incomes and rising unemployment.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recessionwithout policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.The difference is that Malthus predicted that population growth would be greater thangrowth in the ability to increase output. He believed that people would continue topopulate the earth until output reached a subsistence level. On the other hand Kremer argues that population growth increased productivity allowing people to improvetheir standard of living despite growing population. Kremer argues that with morepopulation comes more innovations. The improvements in technology more thanoffset any adverse impact of the increase in population on the standard of living.57. a. Presumably, when this happens, unless everyone else has anticipated it, dividends,the price of the stock, or both will increase. The interest rate on bonds will notchange as profits increase, so this quote suggests buying stock would better suityour brother-in law's purposes.b. Bondholders are simply creditors, while stockholders are part owners. So thisquote indicates your brother-in-law would prefer to buy stock.c. In case of financial difficulties stockholders get paid after bondholders, so the stockis somewhat more risky. So, your brother-in-law may prefer the bond.58.Neither credit cards nor debit cards are money, but credit cards are very different fromdebit cards. Credit cards are not a medium of exchange, but are a means of deferring payment. Debit cards allow the user immediate access to deposits in a bank account, which are part of the money supply.59. a. real interest ratesd. real outputd. real wages60.There are occasional short-lived periods of negative real GDP growth. However, in most years real GDP increases. The years of increase are more frequent and the increases large enough that over long periods of time real GDP increases despite the occasional declines. The long-run upward trend in real GDP is due to increases in the labor force and capital stock, and advances in technological knowledge.61.Variables that fall along with real GDP include; employment, incomes, investment, sales,home purchases. GDP may be measured as either the production or expenditures of final goods and services. It follows that any other variable that could be used to measure production or expenditures, employment or sales for example, will generally move in the same direction as real GDP.62.As consumers become pessimistic about the future of the economy, they cut their expenditures so thataggregate demand shifts left and output falls. The president and Congress could adjust fiscal policy to increase aggregate demand. They could either increase government spending, or cut taxes, or both.63.As income falls, unemployment rises. More people will apply for unemployment compensation from thegovernment and so government spending rises. An increase in government spending tends to increase aggregate demand, output, and income.。
宏观经济学期末考试试卷2(附答案)
1．In the United States real GDP is reported each quarter.a. These numbers are adjusted to make them measure at annualand seasonally adjusted rates.b. These numbers are adjusted to make them annual rates, but noadjustment for seasonal variations are made.c. These numbers are quarterly rates that have been seasonally adjusted.d. These numbers are at quarterly rates and have not been seasonallyadjusted.2．The price of CD players increases dramatically, causing a 1 percent increase in the CPI. The price increase will most likely cause the GDP deflator to increase bya. more than 1 percent.b. less than 1 percent.c. 1 percent.d. It is impossible to make an informed guess without more information.3．If increases in the prices of U.S. medical care cause the CPI to increase by 2 percent, the GDP deflator will likely increase bya. more than 2 percent.b. 2 percent.c. less than 2 percent.d. All of the above are correct.4．The traditional view of the production process is that capital is subject toa. constant returns.b. increasing returns.c. diminishing returns.d. diminishing returns for low levels of capital, and increasing returns forhigh levels of capital.5．Which of the following is correct?a. Political instability can reduce foreign investment, reducing growth.b. Gary's Becker proposal to pay mothers in developing countries to keeptheir children in school has not worked very well in practice.10．Suppose that the reserve ratio is 5 percent and that a bank has $1,000 in deposits. Its required reserves area. $5.b. $50.c. $95.d. $950.11．Suppose a bank has $200,000 in deposits and $190,000 in loans. It has a reserve ratio ofa. 5 percentb. 9.5 percentc. 10 percentd. None of the above is correct.12．The inflation taxa. transfers wealth from the government to households.b. is the increase in income taxes due to lack of indexation.c. is a tax on everyone who holds money.d. All of the above are correct.13．In 1898, prospectors on the Klondike River discovered gold. This discovery caused an unexpected price levela. decrease that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.b. decrease that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.c. increase that helped creditors at the expense of debtors.d. increase that helped debtors at the expense of creditors.14．Ivan, a Russian citizen, sells several hundred cases of caviar to a restaurant chain in the United States. By itself, this salea. increases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.b. increases U.S. net exports and decreases Russian net exports.c. decreases U.S. net exports and has no effect on Russian net exports.d. decreases U.S. net exports and increases Russian net exports.15．Suppose that the real exchange rate between the United States and Kenya is defined in terms of baskets of goods. Which of the following will increase the real exchange rate (that is increase the number of baskets of Kenyan goods a basket of U.S. goods buys)?a. an increase in the number of Kenyan shillings that can be purchased witha dollarb. an increase in the price of U.S. baskets of goodsThe initial effect of an increase in the budget deficit in the loanable funds market is illustrated as a move froma. a tob.b. a toc.c. c to b.d. c to d.21．When the government spends more, the initial effect is thata. aggregate demand shifts right.b. aggregate demand shifts left.c. aggregate supply shifts right.d. aggregate supply shifts left.22．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a sharp increase in the minimum wage, a major new discovery of oil, a large influx of immigrants, and new environmental regulations that reduce electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. All of the above are possible.23．Suppose the economy is in long-run equilibrium. In a short span of time, there is a large influx of skilled immigrants, a major new discovery of oil, and a major new technological advance in electricity production. In the short run, we would expecta. the price level to rise and real GDP to fall.b. the price level to fall and real GDP to rise.c. the price level and real GDP both to stay the same.d. lower unemployment and higher output.二、判断题(每小题 1 分，共 20 分)31．When an American doctor opens a practice in Bermuda, his production there is part of U.S. GDP.32．In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase their career and educational opportunities are likely to increase the birth rate. 33．Michael Kramer found that world growth rates have increased as population has.34．Suppose a small closed economy has GDP of $5 billion, Consumption of $3 billion, and Government expenditures of $1 billion. Then domestic investment and national saving are both $1 billion.35．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, at any moment in time, the market price is the best guess of the company's value based on available information.36．According to the efficient markets hypothesis, stocks follow a random walk so that stocks that increase in price one year are more likely to increase than decrease in the next year.37．In the United States, blacks and whites have similar labor force participation rates, but blacks have a higher unemployment rate.38．According to the theory of efficiency wages, firms operate more efficiently if they can pay wages that are below the equilibrium level.39．In the months of November and December, people in the United States hold a larger part of their money in the form of currency because they intend to shop for the holidays. As a result, the money supply increases, cerise parousia.40．In the 1990s, U.S. prices rose at about the same rate as in the 1970s. 41．According to the theory of purchasing-power parity, the real exchange rate defined as foreign goods per unit of U.S. goods will equal the domestic price leveldivided by the foreign price level.57．Suppose that you are a broker and people tell you the following about themselves. What sort of bond would you recommend to each? Defend your choices.a. "I am in a high federal income tax bracket and I don't want to take very muchrisk."b. "I want a high return and I am willing to take a lot of risk to get it."c. "I want a decent return and I have enough deductions that I don't value taxbreaks highly."58．Draw a simple T-account for First National Bank of Me, which has $5,000 of deposits, a reserve ratio of 10 percent, and excess reserves of $300.59．What are the costs of inflation?60．Make a list of things that would shift the long-run aggregate supply curve to the right.61．Illustrate the classical analysis of growth and inflation with aggregate demand and long-run aggregate supply curves.62．Why do economists think that the wealth effect and exchange-rate effect are not very important factors in explaining why aggregate demand slopes downward, at least in the United States?63．Describe the process in the money market by which the interest rate reaches its equilibrium value if it starts above equilibrium.五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分)64. Assume the economy is in a recession. Explain how each of the following policies would affect consumption and investment. In each case, indicate any direct effects, any effects resulting from changes in total output, any effects resulting from changes in interest rate, and the overall effect. If there are conflicting effects making the answer ambiguous, say so. a). a reduction in taxes; b) an expansion of the money supply.65. In 1939, with the U.S. economy not yet fully recovered from the Great Depression, President Roosevelt proclaimed that Thanksgiving would fall a week earlier than usual so that the shopping period before Christmas would be longer.Explain this decision, using the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply.52．depreciation:53．capital flight:54．recession:55．automatic stabilizers:四、简答题( 8题中任选6题；每小题 5分，共 30 分；答题时请标明题号)五、讨论题(2题中任选1题；每小题 10 分，共 10 分；答题时请标明题号)《宏观经济学》试卷B参考答案1.a2.d3.c4.c5.a6.b7.b8.d9.d 10.b 11.a 12.c 13.d 14.d 15.d 16.d 17.c 18.b 19.b 20.c 21.a 22.d 23.b 24.c 25.a 26.c 27.c 28.b 29.a 30.d31.F 32.F 33.T 34.T 35.T 36.F 37.T 38.F 39.F 40.F 41.F 42.T 43.F 44.F 45.T 46.T 47.T 48.T 49.T 50.T51.the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input increases.52.the rate at which a person can trade the currency of one country for the currency of another.53.the offset in aggregate demand that results when expansionary fiscal policy raises the interest rate and thereby reduces investment spending.54.a period of falling output and rising prices.55.changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action.56.Property rights are an important prerequisite for the price system to work in a market economy. If an individual or company is not confident that claims over property or over the income from property can be protected, or that contracts can be enforced, there will be little incentive for individuals to save, invest, or start new businesses. Likewise, there will be little incentive for foreigners to invest in the real or financial assets of the country. The distortion of incentives will reduce efficiency in resource allocation and will reduce saving and investment which in turn will reduce the standard of living.57. a. A municipal bond, because generally they have low credit risk and are not subject to federal income tax.b. A junk bond. Because of their high risk, they have a high return.represents a relatively small fraction of U.S. GDP.63. If the interest rate is above equilibrium, there is an excess supply of money. People with more money than they want to hold given the current interest rate deposit the money in banks and buy bonds. The increase in funds to lend out causes the interest rate to fall. As the interest rate falls, the quantity of money demanded increases, which tends to diminish the excess supply of money.64. a) 税收减少增加了储蓄的收益、减少了投资的成本，但税收减少对储蓄和投资的影响要视情况而定。
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商学院本科生2008—2009学年第一学期
《宏观经济学》课程期末考试试卷（B卷）
专业：年级：学号：姓名：成绩：
一、单项选择题（本题共15分，每小题1分）
1. 如果政府购买支出的增加和政府转移支付的减少相同时，国民收入水平会（）。
A.不变；
B.增加；
C.减少；
D.无法确定。
2. NI-AE模型是为了说明：（）。
A. 投资和储蓄的关系
B. 需求如何决定了均衡国民收入
C. 总的均衡价格水平如何决定
D. 在总供求不相等时，如何调节总供求，使其相等
3. 当货币供给量增加时，（）。
A. 货币流通速度会降低
B. 名义利息率会下降
C. 货币流通速度会提高
D. 实际利息率会上升
4. 投资的利息率弹性越大，（）。
A. IS曲线的斜率越大
B. IS曲线的斜率越小
C. LM曲线的斜率越大
D. LM曲线的斜率越小
5. 消费函数主要反映的是（）。
A.消费与利率的关系；
B.消费与收入的关系；
C.消费与投资的关系；
D.消费与习俗的关系。
6. 在三部门经济中，用支出法核算GDP，其构成项目是( )
A.消费、投资；
B.消费、投资、政府购买支出；
C.消费、投资、净出口；
D.消费、投资、政府购买支出，净出口。
7. 狭义的货币供给是指（）。
A.现金与活期存款之和；
B.活期存款与定期存款之和；
C.现金与商业银行的定期存款之和；
D.商业银行的定期存款与准备金之和。
8. 根据储蓄函数，引起储蓄增加的因素是（）。
A.企业成本提高；
B.收入增加；
C.企业利润减少；
D.政府税收增加。
9. 中央银行在公开市场上买进和卖出各种有价证券的目的是（）。
A.调节债券价格；
B.调节价格水平；
C.调节货币供给量；
D.调节利润率。
10. 利率和收入的组合点出现在IS 曲线的右上方，LM 曲线的左上方区域中，则表示（）。
A.投资小于储蓄，且货币需求大于货币供给；
B.投资小于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；
C.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求小于货币供给；
D.投资大于储蓄，且货币需求大于货币供给。
11. 下列哪一项不计入国民生产总值的核算？（）。
A.政府给贫困家庭发放的救济金；
B.企业出口到国外的一批货物；
C.经纪人为一座旧房屋买卖收入的一笔佣金；
D.保险公司收到的一笔家庭财政保险费。
12. 货币供给在什么情况下会增加？（）。
A.政府采购增加时；
B.中央银行从公众手中购买债券时；
C.私人购买上市公司放行的债券时；
D.公司向社会公开招股，将所得股款可设新厂时。
13. 中央银行在公开市场卖出政府债券，目的是（）。
A.收集一笔资金帮助政府弥补财政赤字；
B.减少商业银行在中央银行的存款；
C.减少流通中基础货币以紧缩货币供给，提高利率；
D.通过买卖债券获取差价利益。
14. 商业银行向中央银行要求增加贴现为了（）。
A.增加贷款；
B.减少吸收存款；
C.增加储备；
D.以上都可能。
15. 自发投资增加10 亿美元，会使IS 曲线（）。
A.右移10 亿美元；
B.左移10 亿美元；
C.右移支出乘数乘以10 亿美元；
D.左移支出乘数乘以10 亿美元。
二、简答与分析题（任选四题作答，本题共40分，每小题10分）
1. 试简要叙述除凯恩斯消费理论外的其它消费函数理论（至少3种）
2. 试推导三部门经济中征收定量税的情况下，政府支出乘数、税收乘数、转移支付乘数和平衡预算乘数的基本公式。
3. 试说明为什么物价总水平的下降会引起LM曲线向右移动？
4. 试画出长期总供给曲线和凯恩斯短期总供给曲线（一般形式即可），说明画法的原因和依据。
5. 试说明哈罗德—多马模型的核心思想和主要内容，并简要分析其
理论价值和缺陷在哪里？
6. 什么是通货膨胀？通货膨胀对谁有利？
三、计算题（本题共20分，每小题10分）
1. 假设某经济的消费函数为c＝100＋08y，投资i＝50，政府购买性支出
g＝200，政府转移支付tr＝62.5(单位均为10亿美元)，税率t＝0.25。
(1)求均衡收入。
(2)试求投资乘数、政府支出乘数、税收乘数、转移支付乘数、平衡预算乘数。
(3)假定该社会达到充分就业所需要的国民收入为1 200，试问：1)增加政府购买；2)减少税收；3)增加政府购买和税收同一数额(以便预算平衡)实现充分就业，各需多少数额?
2. 假设一个只有家庭和企业的二部门经济中，消费c＝100＋0.8y，投资i＝150－6r，货币供给m＝150，货币需求L＝0.2y－4r(单位都是亿美元)。
(1)求IS和LM曲线；
(2)求商品市场和货币市场同时均衡时的利率和收入；
(3)若上述二部门经济为三部门经济，其中税收T＝0.25y，政府支出G＝100(亿美元)，货币需求为L＝0.20y－2r，实际货币供给为150亿美元，求IS、LM曲线及均衡利率和收入。
四、论述题（本题共25分，每小题25分）
20XX年12月3日——12月5日，中央经济工作会议在北京召开，会议提出了我国明年（20XX年）经济工作的主要任务，指出了我国20XX年的宏观经济政策。
（1）试简要说明该会议制定的我国20XX年宏观经济政策的主要内容；（2）试分析要实现该宏观经济政策，具体需要运用哪些政策工具；
（3）分析我国制定20XX年的宏观经济政策的依据和背景是什么？并应用宏观经济学原理分析实行该宏观经济政策的效果和影响。