2016年职称英语考试理工类(A)级试题及答案解析
2016年职称英语考试理工类（A）级试题及答案解析(1/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第1题Only people over 18 are eligible to vote.A.honestB.qualifiedC.enabledD.clever下一题(2/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第2题The latest car model embodies the new research development.A.listsB.includesC.borrowsD.broadens上一题下一题(3/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第3题The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.severeB.hardC.warmD.dry上一题下一题(4/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第4题She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly withstand the test of time.A.gradeB.attractC.bearD.suffer上一题下一题(5/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第5题He wore a shabby thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A.oldB.bigC.new上一题下一题(6/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第6题The weather was so gorgeous that many people went outing.A.uncontrollableB.pleasantC.cloudyD.unbearable上一题下一题(7/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第7题Competitors must abide by the judge´s decision.A.keepB.readC.understandD.obey上一题下一题(8/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第8题The umbrella was ingeniously devised to fold up into the pocket.A.seriouslyB.cleverlyC.attentivelyD.carefully上一题下一题(9/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第9题Some newspapers in the west are notably biased.A.especiallyB.whollyC.totallyD.fairly上一题下一题(10/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第10题His answers were obscure and confusing.A.unclearB.obviousD.direct上一题下一题(11/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第11题The way she looked after her young sister was really touching.A.disturbingB.connectingC.movingD.waving上一题下一题(12/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第12题We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A.stableB.suitableC.changeableD.adaptable上一题下一题(13/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第13题They have built canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB.changeC.visitD.water上一题下一题(14/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第14题The details of the costume were totally authentic.A.outstandingB.realC.creativeD.false上一题下一题(15/15)词汇选项下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语带有括号或下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与括号里边部分意义最相近的词或短语。
第15题The new garment fits her perfectly.A.clothesC.purseD.necklace上一题下一题(16~22/共7题)阅读判断阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel. When the second breach (决口) occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design competition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel´s design was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated (加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunel´s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.第16题Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第17题Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第18题Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第19题Brunel´s work was largely ignored by his colleagues.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第20题Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第21题Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第22题The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned上一题下一题(23~30/共8题)概括大意与完成句子阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第3～6段每段选择1个正确的小标题：(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。
2016年全国职称英语等级考试(理工类C级)真题及详解【圣才出品】
2016年全国职称英语等级考试（理工类C级）真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether.A. hopeB. partC. decisionD. estimate【答案】C【解析】句意：最好的选择就是彻底取消这次旅行计划。
option选择。
decision决定，决策。
二者意思相近，可相互替换，因此选C项。
hope希望。
part部分。
estimate估计。
2. He was incredibly rich.A. relativelyB. seriouslyC. extremelyD. fairly【答案】C【解析】句意：她非常富有。
incredibly难以置信地，非常地。
extremely非常。
二者意思相近，可相互替换，因此选C项。
relatively相当地，相对地。
seriously认真地；严重地。
fairly相当地；公平地。
3. The idea was quite brilliant.A. positiveB. keyC. cleverD. original【答案】C【解析】句意：这个主意相当巧妙。
brilliant聪明的；杰出的。
clever 聪明的，灵巧的。
二者意思相近，可相互替换，因此选C项。
positive积极的；确实的。
key关键的。
original原始的；最初的。
4. The course gives you basic instruction in maintenance.A. ideaB. termC. aspectD. coaching【答案】D【解析】句意：这门课程会在保养方面给予你基础的指导。
instruction指导，说明。
coaching训练，辅导。
职称英语历年真题及答案
全国职称英语考试历年真题及答案理工类-A级2003-2010目录1.2003年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (2)2.2004年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (16)3.2005年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (35)4.2006年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (54)5.2007年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (68)6.2008年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (76)7.2009年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (89)8.2010年全国职称英语考试（理工类A级）真题及答案 (102)2003年职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题及答案第一部分：词汇选项（第1—15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A explainedB inventedC consideredD accepted2. He talks tough but has a tender heart.A heavyB strongC kindD wild3. It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A makingB takingC discussingD expecting4. Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing.A wasteB buyC useD sell5. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A functionB abilityC powerD volume6. Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A tenselyB nearlyC carefullyD closely7. Her faith upheld her in times of sadness.A supportedB excitedC inspiredD directed8. The book provides a concise analysis of the country’s history.A cleanB perfectC realD brief9. It is laid down in the regulations that all members must carry their membership cards at all times.A suggestedB warnedC statedD confirmed10. The council meeting terminated at 2 o’clock.A beganB continuedC endedD resumed11. Red flag was placed there as a token of danger.A signB substituteC proofD target12. However bad the situation is, the majority is unwilling to risk change.A reluctantB eagerC pleasedD angry13. It has been said that the Acts provided a new course of action and did not merely regulate or enlarge an old one.A limitB controlC replaceD offset14. The secretary is expected to explore ideas for post-war reconstruction of the area.A denyB investigateC stressD create15. The steadily rising cost of labor on the waterfront has greatly increased the cost of shipping cargo by water.A graduallyB suddenlyC excessivelyD exceptionally第2部分：阅读判断（第16—22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2016年职称英语考试理工A级临考密押B卷
2016年职称英语考试理工A级临考密押B卷【内部资料严禁外泄】第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有下划线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与下划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1、Your teacher will take your illness into account when marking your exams.A.calculationputationC.considerationD.assessment2、 The doctor has abandoned the hope torescue the old man.A.leftB.given upC.turned downD.refused3、 Many of this novelist characters are isolated,disappointed people,A.solitaryB.gloomyC.feebleD.frugal4、 Have you talked to her lately?stlyB.shortlyC.recentlyD.immediately5、 During the Second World War, all importantresources in the U. S.wereallocated bythe Federal government.A.nationalizedmandeeredC.taxedD.distributed6、 Television advertisements do more than merely reflect dominant ideologies.A.exactlyB.faithfullyC.repeatedlyD.simply7、 The story was very touching.A.inspiringB.boringC.movingD.absorbing8、 Up to now, the work has been easy.A.SoB.So longC.So thatD.So far9、 The report advocated setting up trainingcolleges.A.supposedB.excitedC.suggestedD.discussed10、 I wasn't qualified for the job really, but Igot it anyhow.A.somehowB.anywayC.anywhereD.somewhere11、 Since ancient times people have found variousways to preserve meat.A.eatB.cookC.freezeD.keep12、 The policemen acted quickly because lives were atstake.A.in despairB.in dangerC.in miseryD.in pain13、 It's sensible to start any exerciseprogram gradually at first.A.workableB.reasonableC.possibleD.available14、 Our statistics show that we consume allthat we are capable of producing.A.wasteB.buyeD.sell15、 She was sent a box of chocolates along with aletter saying she was fired.A.killedB.shotC.dismissedD.murdered1-15 CBACD DCDCB DBBCCMicro-chip research center createdA research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology. The center, which will start out with about US$14million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants. The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country’s flagship chipmaker. Currently, chip plants in this co untry are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don’t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes. Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S. dollars. the majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners- mainly from Japan and Singapore.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry, the country admits the US$14million in vestment is still rather small. This country is developing comprehensive technologies. Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.练习：16. The country says that the investment of US$14 million is big enough for developing that country’ chip industry.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Although the licensing fees are not very high, that far-east country cannot afford to pay.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：16-22 BCCACABMore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good ThingAlthough the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a night’s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good night’s rest may not need to set aside。
理工职称英语试题及答案
理工职称英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the increase in the number of people who commute to work by bicycle?A. The rising cost of fuel.B. The worsening traffic congestion.C. The growing concern for the environment.D. The popularity of electric bicycles.答案：A2. What does the author suggest as a solution to the problem of traffic congestion?A. Encouraging people to use public transportation.B. Building more roads and highways.C. Implementing stricter traffic regulations.D. Promoting the use of bicycles for commuting.答案：D3. What is the author's attitude towards the use of bicycles as a means of transportation?A. Skeptical.B. Neutral.C. Positive.D. Negative.答案：C4. What can be inferred from the passage about the future of bicycle commuting?A. It will become more popular due to technological advancements.B. It will be replaced by electric bicycles.C. It will continue to grow in popularity.D. It will decline due to the rise of electric vehicles.答案：C5. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the benefits of cycling.B. To analyze the causes of traffic congestion.C. To argue for the promotion of bicycle commuting.D. To describe the history of bicycle commuting.答案：C二、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）6. The new policy will come into _______ next month.A. effectB. affectC. efficientD. effort答案：A7. Despite the heavy rain, the construction work was not _______.A. called ofB. called offC. called onD. called out答案：B8. The company has decided to _______ the project due to lack of funds.A. put offB. put onC. put upD. put down答案：A9. The scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize for his _______ contributions to physics.A. valuableB. worthyC. significantD. considerable答案：C10. The engineer had to _______ the design to meet the new safety requirements.A. modifyB. modifyC. alterD. transform答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）11. The engineer was _______ to find a solution to the problem.A. determinedB. discouragedC. confusedD. indifferent答案：A12. The team worked _______ to complete the project on time.A. tirelesslyB. casuallyC. reluctantlyD. hesitantly答案：A13. The new technology has the potential to _______ the industry.A. revolutionizeC. hinderD. limit答案：A14. The company's profits have _______ significantly over the past decade.A. fluctuatedB. declinedC. increasedD. remained答案：C15. The engineer's innovative approach was _______ by his colleagues.A. criticizedB. praisedD. questioned答案：B四、翻译（共20分，每题5分）16. 请将以下句子翻译成英文：“这项新技术有望彻底改变能源产业。
职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-22
职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-221、Can you give me a concrete example to support your idea?【单选题】A.specialB.goodC.realD.specific正确答案:D答案解析:题干大意：你能给我一个具体的例子来支持你的想法吗？句中concrete的意思是“具体的”，同义词是specific，如：In painting art，the most specific theme and image often expresses the most abstract thinking.（在绘画艺术中，最具体的主题和形象所表达的往往是最抽象的思想。
）special：特殊的；good:好的；real:真实的。
2、RobotsThe most sophisticated (先进的) Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.In Britain robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partlybecause engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively. It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.The reliability of robots is measured in their MTBF or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years). One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small .sample. The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. One programmed robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.One disadvantage of using robots is that they consume________.【单选题】A.too much energyB.based on American designsC.they are too costlyD.they are not reliableE.quality controlF.free of charge正确答案:A答案解析:首先根据语法知识，及物动词consume后加名词作宾语，排除选项B、C、D。
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-14
职称英语理工类A、B、C级综合试卷-14(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}第1部分：词汇选项{{/B}}(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Have you got a spare pen?（分数：1.00）A.a shortB.an extra √C.a thinD.a long解析：2.When he was the director of the company, his first accomplishment was to improve the working conditions.（分数：1.00）A.planB.purposeC.achievement √D.task解析：3.How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?（分数：1.00）A.explain √B.examineC.chooseD.expand解析：4.Their marketing policy for the product involves obtaining as much free publicity as possible. （分数：1.00）A.strategy √B.researchC.arrangementD.agreement解析：5.Apart from their differences, the couple were developing an obvious and genuine affection for each other.（分数：1.00）A.Except allB.Except for √C.But forD.Above all解析：6.He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing. （分数：1.00）A.behaviorB.wayC.morality √w解析：7.The fact that he has been quite frank in admitting his mistakes counts a lot to his credit. （分数：1.00）A.matters √B.estimatesC.explainsD.suspects解析：8.He seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the teacher.（分数：1.00）A.realizedB.took √C.followedD.kept解析：9.I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas, for he was only two years old. （分数：1.00）A.deviseB.handleC.express √D.demonstrate解析：10.The visitors to the island enjoyed themselves very much, but they refused to eat the raw fish. （分数：1.00）A.freshB.ripeC.burntD.uncooked √解析：11.Dick warned you that he might turn you down, didn't he?（分数：1.00）A.upset youB.defeat youC.reject you √D.trick you解析：12.They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year.（分数：1.00）A.goodsB.soilC.climateD.harvest √解析：13.The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.（分数：1.00）A.ancientB.oldC.modernD.splendid √解析：14.There is a limited number of books on this subject in the library.（分数：1.00）rgeB.totalC.small √D.Big解析：15.They had no way to dispose of the hazardous waste they produced in the process of the car manufacture.（分数：1.00）A.riskyB.fatalC.poisonousD.dangerous √解析：二、{{B}}第2部分：阅读判断{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：7.00)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-32
1 职称英语考试《理工类》章节练习题精选及答案0516-32
1、What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?【单选题】 A.retirement B.advertisement C.advancement D.replacement 正确答案:C 答案解析:如果我还待在这干，我有升职的机会吗？promotion指“提升，晋级”，和advancement的引申意义“晋2
升”是同义词，A项指“退休”，B项指“广告”，D项指“代替”，三项的干扰性不强。本题考查的是advancement的引申意义，有一定难度。
2、It seems highly unlikely that she will pass the exam.【单选题】 A.very B.completely C.usually D.mostly 正确答案:A 答案解析:题干大意：她很可能不能通过考试。画线词highly：3
程度非常高。选项中，very：程度非常高。completely：完全的。如：The report does not say basic math skills must be taught completely in the early years of school. 报告并没有说基本的数学技巧一定要在上学早期就完全教给学生。usually：通常的。如：No, we usually eat bread and potatoes. 不，我们通常吃面包和马铃薯。mostly：主要的。如：But people are mostly living on borrowed time as well as borrowed money. 但大多数人还是依靠着“借来的钱”活在“借来的时间”里。
3、The courageous hay has been the subject of massive media coverage.【单选题】
职称英语理工类A级练习试题及参考答案
XX年职称英语理工类A级练习试题及参考答案跟综合类主要是社会性文章不同，理工类内容社会性文章和专业性文章各占50%。
下面是的理工类A级试题，希望能帮到大家!下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线局部确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB. confirmationC.recallD. disclosure2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.A.carelessB. cruelC.strongD. hard3. You’ll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC. runD.prepare4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. changeableB. stableC.suitableD.adaptable5. The new garment fits her perfectly.A.haircutB. purseC. clothesD.necklace6. The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.A.fearB. joyC. hurtD.memory7. They have to build canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB. waterC.changeD. visit8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.A.disabledB. pupilC.teenagerD. baby9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A. warmB.severeC.hardD.dry10. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. realB.outstandingC.creativeD. false11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. possibleC.ongoingD. central12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. cleverC.keyD. original13. Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. increasedC. fellD.maintained14. The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.A. coachingB. ideaC.termD. aspect15. All houses within 100 metres of these as at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC.between equalsD. in particularDBCAC CBDAA BBCAAThe Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change that we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impressive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)ourredin 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design petition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the petition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the petition in favor of his own design.After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunel's design was aepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers pleted. After Brunel’s death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer. The entire structure was finally pleted in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, thebridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.【题干】Brunel was an important airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial Revolution.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17.【题干】Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18.【题干】Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19.【题干】Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20.【题干】Some projects Brunel contributed to arestill in use today.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21.【题干】Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned22.【题干】The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedCCBBAACGeothermal(地热)Energy1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. Ifgeothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was ofthis type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300° to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A r eservoir with temperatures below 300° Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam fromthis is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steamplant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.。
2016年职称英语理工类B级阅读判断历年真题及答案
2015年真题 ADHD finked to Air Pollutants Children have an increased of attention problems seen as early as grade school. If their noses inhaled ( 吸⼊) a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study, released when things aren't burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the bruning of fossile fuels, wood and trash. Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of public Health is Ne York City. She and her team studied the xposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew (排放) PAHs into the air and lungs. Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children, now age 9. They asked each child's mother a series of questions. These included wahtever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(长期的 )mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made grequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be sumptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactiviety Disorder, or ADHD. About one in U.S. children has ADHD. Among the women stueied traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure. Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their bolld. Others had ghigh levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have dhilren who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE. 16. Perera and her team chose nonsmiking pregnant women all over America. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects' physical health. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. The blood of each woman was tested once a month during pregnancy. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research. A..Right B. Wrong D. Not mentioned 2014年真题 So Many "Earths" The Milky Way (银⾏) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life. That's the finding of new study. It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope. A mechanical failure recently put that Kepter space telescope out of service. Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its date have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy. The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth. The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun may host a planet that could support life as we know it. Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's but no more than twice that big. The planet also would have to orbit in a star's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as liquid. The new estimate of how many planets might fit these conditions comes from studying more that 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them. The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate (推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see. The estimate is rough, the authors admit. If applied to the solar system, it would define as habitable a zone starting as close ot the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike (although either might have been in the distant pase). Using tighter limits the researchers estimate the between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world. These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit. Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean however that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life. 16. The Kepler space telescope has been in service for 15 years. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars on the Milky Way. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 2013年真题 Wide World of Robots Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修补) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there,"says Howle Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots. When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved---cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars. Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形) . "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars, "Choset concluded. After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there bagan developing their own snake robots. Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl (爬⾏) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole. But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake? Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs. A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people. Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says. 16. Choset began to build robots in high school. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 17. Snake robots could move in only four directions. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 18. Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at CamegieMellon. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 19. Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 20. The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 21. Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 22. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned 答案与解析 2015年真题 16．B。
2016职称英语理工类B级考试真题和答案解析
2016年职称英语理工类b级真题及答案1.The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB.disclosureC.confirmationD.recall 参考答案：B2.Jensen is dangerous man, and can be very brutal.A.carelessB.cruelC.strongD.hard参考答案：B3.You'll have to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC.runD.prepare参考答案：C4.We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A.changebleB.stableC.suitableD.adaptable参考答案：A5.The new garment fits her perfectly.A.haircutB.purseC.clothesD.necklace参考答案：C6.The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.A.fearB.joyC.hurtD.memory参考答案：C7.They have built canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB.waterC.changeD.visit参考答案：B8.Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.A.disabledB.pupilC.teenagerD.baby参考答案：D9.The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.A.warmB.severeC.hardD.dry参考答案：A10.The details of the costume were totally authentic.A.realB.outstandingC.creativeD.false参考答案：A11.We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB.possibleC.ongoingD.central参考答案：B12.The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB.cleverC.keyD.original参考答案：B13.Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB.increasedC.maintainedD.fell参考答案：D14.The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.A.coachingB.ideaC.termD.aspect参考答案：A15.All houses within 100 meters of the seas are at risk of flooding.A.in dangerB.out of controlC.between equalsD.in particular参考答案：A二、阅读判断The Theory of EveryoneIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor ofMathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes”in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone will have found the answer within the next 20 years.If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.16.Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2017.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：BIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected.17.Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A18.Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A19.A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：B20.Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A21.Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets ofA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：C22.The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned参考答案：A三、概括大意与完成句子Geothermal(地热)Energy1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earth's surface. It often remains well below the earth's surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal power plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either "flash" steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging intemperature from 300°to 700°Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, it "flashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300°Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.Paragraph1_____A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 参考答案：C24Paragraph2_____A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam 参考答案：A25Paragraph3_____A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam参考答案：E26Paragraph4_____A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam参考答案：F27.A geothermal reservoir is formed when hot water is trapped under _____.A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs参考答案：B28.A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _____.A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs参考答案：E29.Flash plants produce hot water through _____.A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs参考答案：C30.In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _____.A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little or no waterF.hot springs参考答案：A四、阅读理解Smart Windows1.Windows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between easily.2."It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is," says ClaesGranqvist. He's a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. "It's contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well." So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when they're stuck indoors.3.Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When it's hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heatforces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing cold air, which can feel so refreshing(使人清新的), actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world.4.Windows have been a major focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing(用玻璃覆盖), and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use some chromogenic(发色的)technologies involving changes of color.5.Electrochromic(电致色的) windows use electricity to change color. For example,a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of tungsten oxide(氧化钨)works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it's completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark.6.One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of "memory". All it takes is a small shock of voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windowscould mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. "In the future," Granqvist says, "our buildings may look different."31.Which of the following values of windows is NOT mentioned?A.They let light in to brighten the house.B.They let light in to heat the house.C.They let us have visual contact with the surrounding world.D.They let us think about the outside world.参考答案：D32.The expression "when it comes to" in Paragraph 3 is used to_____.A.signal the arrival of a guest.B.indicate the recovery of consciousness.C.show our understanding of something.D.introduce a new aspect of a topic.参考答案：D33.According to Paragraph 4, smart windows are the windows that_____.A.arecosted.B.are glazed.C.have several layers.D.can change color.参考答案：D34.Which paragraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows changing?A.Paragraph 5.B.Paragraph 3.C.Paragraph 4.D.Paragraph 6.参考答案：A35.A smart windows is smart mainly because_____.A.it can change its size.B.it can change its structure.C.it can change the voltage of electricity.D.it has a sort of memory.参考答案：DSports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出的才能)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft(选抜)，he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough—no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, sohe is a handful(难对付的人)for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture(骨折)in his left foot, a collective shudder(震动)spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM's benefits although new research from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair."There is no reason to dismiss TCM," Yao told a press conference in Beijing." It's been used in our country for thousands of years. I don't think that it's short on science."36.The word "towering" in Paragraph 1 means_____rge.B.fat.C.tall.D.great.参考答案：C37.Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_____A.mobility.B.assault.C.defense.D.celebrity.参考答案：A38.Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_____A.his right foot had been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldn't afford all the medical expenses.参考答案：B39.Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true?A.He missed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.参考答案：A40.In general, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is_____.A.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.doubtful.参考答案：DCan you hear This?When something creates a sound wave in a room or an auditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They also hear the reflections as the sound bounces off the walls, floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射的)sound, which can be heard even after the sound is no longer coming from the source.The reverberation time of an auditorium is determined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is also determined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents of the room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time. Because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speech needs to be understood clearly: therefore rooms used fortalking must have a short reverberation time. The full-sound performance of music such as Wagner operas or Mahler symphonies should have a long reverberation time. The light, rapid musical passages of Bach or Mozart need a reverberation time somewhere between.Acoustic problems often are caused by poor auditorium design. Smooth, curved reflecting surfaces create large reflections. Parallel(平行的)walls reflect sound back and forth, creating a rapid, repetitive pulsing effect. Large pillars(柱)and corners can cause acoustic shadows as the sound waves try to pass around the object. Some of these problems can be solved by using absorbers and reflectors to change the reverberation time of a room. For example, hanging large reflectors, called clouds, over the performers will allow some sound frequencies to reflect and others to pass to achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.41.This passage is mainly about_____A.sound waves and their effects.B.the types of music orchestras play.C.walls of an auditorium.D.the design of an auditorium.参考答案：D42.Wagner operas and Mahler symphonies with full-sound effect have_____A.a short reverberation time.B.an intermediate reverberation time.C.no reverberation time.D.a long reverberation time.参考答案：D43.This passage suggests that a good auditorium should_____A.get rid of all reflections.B.nothave absorbers.C.achieve a pleasing mixture of sound.D.have smooth surfaces.参考答案：Drge pillars and corners may_____A.make sound rich and full.B.be cures for sound problems.C.be sources of sound problems.D.function as effectively as clouds.参考答案：C45.The word "acoustic" in the last paragraph has something to do with_____A.performance.B.sound.C.audience.D.weather.参考答案：B五、补全短文What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. _____(46)The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer._____(47)For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. _____(48)Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. _____(49)This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways._____(50)The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.46._____A.Forexample, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.B.Men and women dream about different things.C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.参考答案：E47._____A.Forexample, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.B.Men and women dream about different things.C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.参考答案：F48._____A.Forexample, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.B.Men and women dream about different things.C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.参考答案：C49._____A.Forexample, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.B.Men and women dream about different things.C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.参考答案：A50._____A.Forexample, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.B.Men and women dream about different things.C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.参考答案：D六、完形填空Warmer climate will bake tropical bugsGlobal warming could cook tropical insects, with unpredictable knock-on effects, say researchers who warn that rising temperatures also_____(51)tropical frogs and lizards(蜥蜴).Temperatures are_____(52)to increase much faster in temperate(温和的)and polar(极地的)regions than in the tropics. But no-one had looked at how warming would affect insects and other cold-blooded animals_____(53)had evolved in tropical regions with little temperature variation.Curtis Deutsch at the University of California at Los Angeles and colleagues analysed data_____(54)insect survival and reproduction for 38 species in different ecosystems(生态系统), and then estimated how these values would_____(55)with predictions of climate change for the 21st century.The team found that the reproductive_____(56)of tropical insects tends to peak very close to the temperatures where they normally live, but_____(57)sharply at higher temperatures. This means that cranking up(提高)the heat only a small amount canexert a heavy toll, leaving insects unable to reproduce_____(58)enough to keep up their numbers.Temperate insects reproduce well over a broader range, and do not liveas_____(59)to their thermal(热的)limit, so they can reproduce successfully when their climate warms more than in the tropics."Tropical insects do very well in a narrow band of temperatures, but move them above that_____(60)and they die," says team member Josh Tewksbury of the University of Washington in Seattle.The heart of the_____(61)is temperature tolerance. Temperate-zone insects have evolved to survive the much broader temperature swings of seasonal climates, than have their tropical relatives.The_____(62)appears worse for animals that live in hot stable climate of the lower levels of tropical forests. Lizards in clear areas can find shade to cool down, but those living in the forest are already in the_____(63), and there's not much they can do to get cooler, Deutsch says.Too few tropical insects have been studied so far to_____(64)if any particular group will be particularly hard-hit, says Tewksbury. Insects play important_____(65)in forest ecology(生态学).The team are now starting to evaluate how temperature affects ecological interactions of insects with other species, including crops such as African corn.51.A.treat B.threaten C.help D.protect参考答案：B52.A.demanded B.needed C.promised D.expected参考答案：D53.A.while B.where C.that D.what参考答案：C54.A.on B.in C.at D.with参考答案：A55.A.meet B.spread C.decrease D.change参考答案：D56.A.rate B.value C.system D.type参考答案：A57.A.develops B.stops C.rises D.drops参考答案：D58.A.fast B.typically C.firmly D.jointly参考答案：A59.A.important B.possible C.close D.necessary 参考答案：C60.A.range B.order C.rank D.XX参考答案：C61.A.proposal B.project C.thesis D.problem 参考答案：D62.A.reason B.cause C.level D.effect参考答案：D63.A.cave B.shade C.sunshine D.open 参考答案：B64.A.tell B.speak C.wonder D.doubt 参考答案：A65.A.tricks B.roles C.games D.rules 参考答案：B。