2021届高考英语阅读理解长难句精读与概要写作专练passage8
Passage 8
Should We Get Rid of Old Devices Timely？
1 We may think we’re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices well after they
go out of style. 2 That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets —
as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the
same things.
3 To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and
her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life—from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
4 This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.
5 Devices were grouped by generation.
6 Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992.
7 Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.
8 And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.
9 As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn’t throw out old ones. 10“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher.11 The average number of electronic devices rose from 4 per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. 12 We’re not just keeping these old devices—We continue to use them. 13 According to the analysis of Babbitt’s team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
14 So what’s the solution? 15 The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 16 They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
一．单词和短语Words and expressions
go out of style 过时
outdated /a?t?de?t?d/ adj.过时的；旧式的
mine /ma?n/ n.矿; 矿井; 地雷; 水雷vt. & vi.开采* readout /?ri?da?t/ n.读出
on the scene 在场；出现；到场
* cathode /?k?θ??d/ n. <电>(-)阴极；负极
* cathode ray tube阴极射线管
tablet /?t?bl?t/ n.碑；药片；写字板outmoded /a?t?m??d?d/ adj.过时的
* eliminate /??l?m?ne?t/ v.除去；剔除；淘汰
二．参考译文Translation
我们应该及时摒弃旧设备吗？
1我们可能认为，在我们的文化习惯中，我们一见到闪闪发光的新东西就会摒弃用旧了的技术产品，但一项新的研究表明，当旧设备过时了之后我们仍然继续使用着它们。2这对于环境以及我们的钱包而言可都不是什么好消息，因为这些过时的设备比做相同事情的新设备消耗更多的能源。
3为了弄清楚这些设备的耗电量，在纽约的罗彻斯特理工学院工作的凯莉.巴贝特和她的同事们跟踪调查了每个产品在它整个生命周期造成的环境代价——生命周期是指从产品所需原料的开采到我们停止使用该产品的时间。4这个方法能揭示出自二十世纪九十年代初期以来家庭能源使用是如何变化的。5不同的年代出现了不同的设备。6台式电脑、最初的移动电话和盒式电视界定了1992年。7 1997年数码相机问世。8 MP3播放器、智能手机和液晶电视在2002年走进千家万户，之后，平板电脑和电子阅读器在2007年粉墨登场。
9然而，当我们逐渐积累了更多的设备时，我们并未扔掉我们的旧设备。10 一位研究人员说：“客厅里的电视被新的取代了，并被搬到了孩子的房间里。突然有一天家里的每个房间都有了一台电视”。 11每个家庭拥有的电子设备的平均数从1992年的4件变成2007年的13件。12我们不仅仅一直保存着这些旧设备——我们还继续使用它们。13根据巴贝特科研组的分析，内部带有阴极射线管的旧台式显示器和盒式电视是最不好的设备，它们消耗的能源以及造成的温室气体排放量在1992年到2007年这段时间内增加了一倍多。
14那么如何解决这个问题呢？15该科研组的数据只更新到2007年，但是研究人员还对以下这个问题进行了探究：如果消费者使用多功能的新电子设备——比如一个既能进行文字处理又能观看电视的平板——替换旧设备，会发生什么事？16 他们发现，更多地用平板电脑取代电视机和台式电脑进行娱乐点播观看能够减少44%的能源消耗。
三．理解Comprehension
1. What does the author think of new devices？
A. They are environment-friendly.
B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
2. Why did Babbitt’s team conduct the research？
A. To reduce the cost of minerals.
B. To test the life cycle of a product.
C. To update consumers on new technology.
D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
3. Which of the following uses the least energy？
A. The box-set TV.
B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.
D. The desktop computer.
4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices？
A. Stop using them.
B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.
D. Recycle them.
四．用另一个单词或短语替换以下摘自本文的单词或短语。Replace the following words or phrases in the passage with another word or phrase.
1 gets rid of,go out of style
2 outdated, do the same things
3 tracked
4 provided a readout for, evolved
5 grouped 8 showed up 14 solution 15 old products 1
6 cut
____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
五．概要写作Summary writing (in about 60 words)
Passage 8
三．ADBA
四．1 throws out/ throws away/ drops/ eliminates, become outdated 2 old-fashioned/ old-style, serve the same function/ have the same function 3 followed 4 revealed/ uncovered, developed 5 sorted/ classified 8 arrived on the scene 14 answer 15 worn technology/worn devices/ worn electronic appliances/ outdated devices /old-fashioned electronics 16 reduce
五．Researchers of the Rochester Institute of Technology, who examined the energy use of different equipment during its entire life, have found that people are often still using outmoded machines, which consume much more power than the latest technology serving the same function.
To emit less pollution, we’d better eliminate old devices timely.
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江苏省2010届高三英语阅读理解精读（9） The Continuity of the Religious Struggle in Britain Though England was on the whole prosperous and hopeful, though by comparison with her neighbors she enjoyed internal peace, she could not evade the fact that the world of which she formed a part was torn by hatred and strife as fierce as any in human history. Men were still for from recognizing that two religions could exist side by side in the same society; they believed that the toleration of another religion different from their own. And hence necessarily false, must inevitably destroy such a society and bring the souls of all its members into danger of hell. So the struggle went on with increasing fury within each nation to impose a single creed upon every subject, and within the general society of Christendom to impose it upon every nation. In England the Reformers, or Protestants, aided by the power of the Crown, had at this stage triumphed, but over Europe as a whole Rome was beginning to recover some of the ground it had lost after Martin Luther’s revolt in the earlier part of the century. It did this in two ways, by the activities of its missionaries, as in parts of Germany, or by the military might of the Catholic Powers, as in the Low Countries, where the Dutch provinces were sometimes near their last extremity under the pressure of Spanish arms. Against England, the most important of all the Protestant nations to reconquer, military might was not yet possible because the Catholic Powers were too occupied and divided: and so, i n the 1570’s Rome bent her efforts, as she had done a thousand years before in the days of Saint Augustine, to win England back by means of her missionaries. These were young Englishmen who had either never given up the old faith, or having done so, had returned to it and felt called to become priests. There being, of course, no Catholic seminaries left in England, they went abroad, at first quite easily, later with difficulty and danger, to study in the English colleges at Douai or Rome: the former established for the training of ordinary or secular clergy, the other for the member of the Society of Jesus, commonly known as Jesuits, a new Order established by St, Ignatius Loyola same thirty years before. The seculars came first; they achieved a success which even the most eager could hardly have expected. Cool-minded and well-informed men, like Cecil, had long surmised that the conversion of the English people to Protestantism was for from complete; many—Cecil thought even the majority—had conformed out of fear, self-interest or—possibly the commonest reason of all—sheer bewilderment at the rapid changes in
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高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.