雅思写作议论文类型及考试规律解析
雅思写作议论文类型及考试规律解析朗阁雅思考试研究中心很多考生在平时的时候拿到一个雅思话题反应时间还算是比较正常的，但是在考场上的话一般都是会反应比较慢一点，再加上一些考场紧张的情绪就比较难定下心来进行解题，因此很多考生在考场上就会显得不知所措，不知道从哪里下手了。
如果我们想要在雅思考试中拿高分首先要克服考场的紧张心理，其次考生们必须要做到在面对一个考题的时候要用争取的方法！那么正确的做法应该是什么呢？肯定是先审题，后得出文章结构，再做Brainstorming, 然后再下笔写文章。
这些可以称为动笔前的解题三部曲。
然而很多考生在考试过程中都会遇到一个常见的问题，就是看到一个题目不知道如何去把握结构，结构的混乱往往就会造成文章逻辑的混乱。
当学生们想到要用上面方法的时候很多都已经来不及重新构思，甚至考试都已经接近尾声了，还有一些学生抢时间的进行修改，但是最后的效果却比最初的构思还要差，到考官手里的很多都已经呈现出面目全非的状态了！朗阁雅思考试研究中心的专家通过长期的总结与研究得出，从应考方面而言，在接触一个雅思议论文题目时，我们必须要掌握的是文章的结构。
严谨的结构对观点的表达有事半功倍的作用。
近几年的雅思议论文考题，可以归纳为两大类：讨论类和分析解决型。
下面我们就结合2012年截止到目前的考题来做进一步的分析。
一、分析解决型此类问题模式通常会给出一个话题，要求考生分析产生此问题的原因，并给出一些缓解的方法。
我们首先也通过今年的真题来熟悉一下此类问题模式。
（1）People aim to achieve the balance between their work and lives. But few people achieve it. What are the causes of the problems? How to overcome it? （12.03.08）（2）City dwellers seldom socialize with their neighbors today and the sense of community has been lost. Why has this happened and how to solve this problem? （12.06.16）上面两题中出现的信号词分别是causes, overcome, solve和why。
所以有这四个词我们可以确定它们为分析解决型，和讨论类题目有着本质的区别。
它们所对应的文章结构见下图。
Introduction:Background + layoutBody:1. Reasons/ProblemsTopic Sentence + Reason One/Problem One + Supporting Sentences+ Reason Two/Problem Two + Supporting Sentences2. Suggestions/EffectsTopic Sentence + Suggestion One/Effect One + SS+ Suggestion Two/Effect Two + SSConclusion:Restatement of the Body上述结构是分析解决型的一种非常常见的对应结构，我们应该问什么答什么。
有时题目会出现只问problems或reasons, 结构也要相应的发生变化，即只回答几个问题或原因。
二、讨论类何为讨论类文章，即对一个给定的观点以及与其相对立的观点进行讨论，或就一个话题的两个对立的方面：积极和消极方面进行探讨，发表自己的观点。
顾名思义，讨论类文章分为观点类讨论和优缺点讨论。
这两种议论类型所对应的问题模式常见的有：Do you agree or disagree…? What is your opinion? To what extent do you agree or disagree? 等。
1. 请看下面今年的真题来熟悉此类问题模式（1）Some people think that the government should establish free libraries in each town. Others, however, believe that it is a waste of money since the public can use the Internetat home to obtain information. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. （12.01.12）（2）Some people think the developments of technology make people’s life more complex, so we should make the life simpler without using technology. To what extent do you agree or disagree? （12.02.18）（3）It is expected that there will be a higher proportion of older people than young people in many countries in the future. Do you think it is a positive or negative development? （12.03.10）（4）In modern world, it is no longer necessary to use animals for food or use animal products, for instance, clothing and medicines. To what extent do you agree or disagree? （12.04.28）（5）In most countries, prison is an effective solution to the problem of crime. Some people think it is a more effective solution to provide education for those who violate the law. What is your opinion? (12.05.12)（6）Some people think news has no connection to people's lives, so it is a waste of time to read the news on the newspaper and watch television news programs. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (12.06.09)以上六题中有对一个观点发表自己观点的，也有给出两个观点再发表自己观点的，也有对一个话题的两个方面进行论述的，这些都属于讨论类，其中2、4、5、6题属于观点类讨论，而1、3题为优缺点讨论。
2. 结构分析单边论证熟悉了问题模式后，我们来分析一下其所对应的文章结构。
以上六种问题模式，考生在未接触雅思前较熟悉的是Do you agree or disagree?和What is your opinion? 而通常这两类问题所对应的文章可以用以下的五段论结构来完成：引言段（introduction）提出观点，正文（body）三段通过三个理由来对观点进行论证，结尾段（conclusion）重申一下自己的观点。
因为此种结构只对自己支持的观点进行论证，因此叫单边论证，可以用下图来表示：Introduction:Background + My OpinionBody:1. Reason One + Supporting Sentences（以SS表示）2. Reason Two + SS3. Reason Three + SSConclusion:Restatement of My Opinion上述结构中的supporting sentences在议论文中的体现方式是一些论证方法，如举例（exemplification），对比对照（contrast & comparison），列数据（raising figures），让步（making concession）等来对自己支持的观点进行论证，使考官信服。
而此类结构也是中国学生较熟悉的议论文结构，在各类中国的考试中，如高考英语、大学四六级考试等，应用也较广。
但是单边论证的缺点，就中国学生而言，是较难扩展论证过程，而且像讲道理、举例子等论证方法必须正确使用，显示其逻辑性才能得到高分。
双边论证然而通过总结发现，近年来，剑桥真题后面考官提供的高分甚至满分范文都采用了另一种论证方法，称为双边论证。
双边论证基本为四段论，它与单边的最大区别在于正文，正文两段分别对题干提出的两个观点或优缺点进行论证。
我们也通过下图来认识此种结构：Introduction:Background+ My Opinion/LayoutBody:1. Opinion One/AdvantageTopic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences2. Opinion Two/DisadvantageTopic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences+ Reason Three + Supporting SentencesConclusion:Statement of My Opinion (for opinion two/more disadvantages than advantages)此类结构是双边倾向性结构，是双边结构中的一种。
对于大多数中国学生来说，双边结构较单边结构最大的优点是论证过程比较容易扩展。
双边论证是指正文两段分别论述一下两个观点或优缺点。
可以做一个有趣的比喻，双边论证的结构就像是在打一场官司，引言段引出话题，可以看作是书记员来宣布审理的案件，正文两段分别是两个观点，可以理解为被告和原告的辩护律师来列举对自己有利的证据，结尾段得出观点，即法官在总结了被告原告律师的发言后，得出自己的答案，同意哪一方，是否定罪。
雅思英语写作
雅思基础写作精讲班第1讲讲义基础写作基本框架Procedure of writing:How to distribute the time of 40 minutes一、议论文真题类型分类：练习题目：1. Studying the English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn the language. Do you agree?2. To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are the benefits and risks associated with its use?3. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution.4. Discuss the causes and some effects of widespread drug use by young people in modern day society. Make any recommendations you feel are necessary to help fight youth drug abuse.5. Scientific and technological advances have changed our lives. But some scientists in some fields say that scientists are not able to find solutions to the problems they havecreated. To what extent do you agree or disagree?6. Intelligent machines such as robots are increasingly being used. They can do many things that used to be done by human. Discuss the benefits and dangers.7. In order to solve the problems of traffic jam and air pollution, government is determined to raise the price of petrol. Do you believe it isthe best way? What other methods can you recommend?确定关键词Procedure of writing:How to distribute the time of 40 minutes一、议论文真题类型分类：练习题目：1. Studying the English language in an English-speaking country is the best but not the only way to learn the language. Do you agree?2. To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are the benefits and risks associated with its use?3. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution.4. Discuss the causes and some effects of widespread drug useby young people in modern day society. Make any recommendations you feel are necessary to help fight youth drug abuse.5. Scientific and technological advances have changed our lives. But some scientists in some fields say that scientists are not able to find solutions to the problems they have created. To what extent do you agree or disagree?6. Intelligent machines such as robots are increasingly being used. They can do many things that used to be done by human. Discuss the benefits and dangers.7. In order to solve the problems of traffic jam and air pollution, government is determined to raise the price of petrol. Do you believe it is the best way? What other methods can you recommend?雅思基础写作精讲班第2讲讲义07年真题回顾2. 真题思路扩展brainstorming（1）specific: I. from abstract to personal: air travel, oneself study—group study, fast food-traditional food （2）general: economy, environment, efficiency, safety, pleasure, science and technology避开主题句错误类型3. 确定主题句：ascertain topic sentencesI. Some mistakes of the thesis statement or topic sentences:（1）The subject of this paper will be my parents.（2）My parents have been the most influential people in my life.（3）My parents had only one child.（4）My parents helped me grow in important ways, although in other respects I was limited.4. 开始动笔写作：1. format: block,2. pencil3. handwriting: clean and clear4. time control: 34m5. 装饰和改错：decoration and correction（1）After I cashed my paycheck. I treated myself to dinner.（2）The instructor told everyone in the room to be quiet his favorite show was on.（3）How you react to the incident reveal what side you stand on.（4）The crowd has surged forward, showing their excitement.（5）There are more and more people go abroad nowadays.（6）The student who had sat down quickly put on the headphones. 雅思基础写作精讲班第3讲讲义必备模板第二种模板形式(五段式）雅思基础写作精讲班第4讲讲义Mixed typesMethod:Successful introduction:1. “Knowledge is power,” wrote Francis Bacon long ago.Today college students are hard at study to acquire all kinds of skills, such as English, computer, and driving.People, however, cannot reach a general consensus on what subjects should be attached more importance to,academic or practical.( academic subjects Vs. practical subjects) (As the old saying goes)Art is long, life isshort;(Rudyard Kipling wrote) East is east, and West is west, and never the twain shall meet!; Experience is the father of wisdom and memory the mother; Knowledge isa treasure, but practice is the key to it; Knowledgeadvances by steps, not by leaps; Great works areperformed not by strength but by perseverance; Genius is nothing but labor and diligence.2. What can be done to solve the problem of watershortage? Surely, modern people frequently are plagued with this question. As for me, there are three methods as followings.（the problem of water shortage）3. Is the history of no avail to modern society? Recentdiscussions concerning the function of history haveraised some very real doubts in the minds ofcontemporary people. As far as I am concerned, we can benefit a lot form the past.(whether history is useful to cotemporary society)4. A recent survey reports that there were about one thirdof college graduates who could not find an ideal job in2005. This fact prompts us to make a thorough analysis of the root reason of this alarming phenomenon.(theissue of unemployment of graduates)5. It is generally agreed that the main responsibility ofteachers is to pass on knowledge to students. As a result, if students can do well in academic subjects, theirteachers are qualified enough. However, I assert thatassisting students in distinguishing right from wrong is more significant for teachers.(the relationship between students and teachers)6. With the development of computer technology, books, asa traditional medium, are more and more challenged.Many libraries are faced with such a dilemma, whether they should invest on computers or on books. With every aspect taken into consideration, I believe that to invest on computers would be a better choice.(investment inbooks or computers for a library)Successful body:1. One main reason for water shortage is lack of theawareness of water conservation. For example, moreoften than not we can come across such a phenomenon that a person turns a faucet on and forgets to turn it off.Precious water has been totally squandered. （theproblem of water shortage）2. Smoking should be banned without any hesitation for it israther detrimental to people’s health. Cigarette smokecontains nicotine, several cancer producing or irritatingsubstances and carbon monoxide gas. Damage to the lining of the bronchial tubes is much more among cigarettesmokers than non smokers, even when there is no obvious disease. Some of these changes are considered to bepre-cancerous. Lung function is generally reduced among cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking is a greater hazard than other factors---such as community air pollution—in the causation of lung cancer and chronic bronchitis.(nosmoking)3 Due to great strides of modern technology, dramatictransformations have taken place in our life. In the past, if we were anxious to contact friends, we had to drop in on them in person, which was inconvenient andtime-consuming. Now, fashionable cell phones can be an efficient bridge between acquaintances.(the benefit of modern technology)4. There are a lot of benefits of raising dogs. First, dogscontribute to the health of their owners. Often theirdemands for walks and play improve their owner’sexercise routine. In fact, statistics show that dog owners get more regular exercise than non-dog owners do. Also, they enhance health simply be being around to bepetted. Second, they provide a means for parents toteach their children responsibility. When parents givechildren a dog, they provide them the opportunity tofulfill the responsibilities of walking, feeding, and caring for its other needs. Finally and most important of all,dogs enhance the well-being and emotional stability of families. Older people who live alone especially rely on dogs to give them enjoyment and company. Childrenalso find a great deal of comfort in their dogs. As anexample, a family dog helps a little boy adapt when his mother leaves him with a sitter and goes towork..(advantage of keeping pets)5.lot of advantages. Firstly, after three or four years ofschooling, students can undoubtedly acquire valuableexpertise, which is essential to their future jobs. As weknow, through compulsory and optional courses,students lay a solid foundation in a particular field andare confident to solve the relevant problemsconfronted.(benefits of college education)6. By contrast, the opponents argue that its drawbacksshould not be ignored. For one thing, some existingmajors are so out of date that they serve no purpose for the future job. In such a dilemma, there is no doubt that graduation means exactly unemployment. If whatstudents learn in colleges is only theoreticalargumentation definitely unconnected with reality, what is the point in wasting such prime time? (drawbacks of college education)Successful conclusion:1. The extinction of species, the shortage of lumber anddrug ingredients, the reduction of oxygen and theincrease of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere all signal that we cannot afford to lose any moreforests.(protection of forests)2. To stop losing more forests, we should educate people,especially those who have destroyed and who are going to destroy forests for one reason or another, in why forestsmust exist on the earth. (protection of forests)雅思基础写作精讲班第5讲讲义写作的素材素材Topics:1. If a five-year old commits a crime, should his/her parents have the responsibility and are punished? What is the age of a child when parents no longer bear the responsibility for children's behavior? /Unlike other countries, police in UK donot carry guns. Some think it leaves citizen unprotected, while others think it reduces the overall violence in our society. Discuss both the views.2. We know that university graduates should earn higher salary than less well-educated members, so in this way they should pay all the full cost. /Quality of people that we need in our society can’t be learned in universities and other academic institutions. To what extent do you agree or disagree?3. International tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures. To what extent do you agree or disagree?/ Government should build new buildings in a traditional way in order to protect traditional culture.4. The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease the violent crimes in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? / Billions of money is spent on the space research. Some people say that it should be spent on improving the living standard of the people on the earth. Do you agree or disagree?5. Wild animals have no place in the 21st century, and the protection is a waste of resource. Agree or disagree? /Some people think killing animals for food is cruel and unnecessary and some people think is essential for dairy diet. To what extent what do you think about the both issues?6. Nowadays motorized flight is considered as the most important and influential invention in the world. Not any other invention has such a significant impact on our lives. Agree?/ Maintaining public library is a waste of money, because computer technology has already replaced its function. Do you agree or disagree?7. Traffic and housing problems in major cities could be solved by moving large companies and factories with their employees to the countryside. To what extent do you agree or disagree?/ The environmental problem is so serious to most countries and individuals that it needs the international cooperation. Do you agree or disagree?8. Mass media have a significant influence on our life and this is a negative development. Do you agree or disagree?/ Do thenegative effects of some international media such as TV and magazine for example overweigh the positive effects?Topic Word:I.1. society: Society is flooded with unhealthy substance in the mass media, such as violence and pornography, therefore having inevitably downside effect on people, Citizens are preoccupied by money worship to make profits by hook or by crook; parents never discipline children strictly, divorce rate rockets, children are in need of solicitude, youngsters fall victim to prevalent domestic violence and are prone to aggressive impulse; students are heavily encumbered by knowledge acquisition, psychological education has been neglected, confronted with frustration, children have no efficient outlet to alleviate stress.素材（2）犯罪处罚2. Government should mount a crackdown on crime and bring criminals to justice, the aim is to reform those who have gone astray, offenders can turn over a new leaf and are endowed withproficiency in a particular line, inferiority complex and psychological shadow should be avoided, delinquents harbor vengeful sentiments against others and society as a whole, lawbreakers resume committing crimes or committing suicide.II.1. students can acquire academic qualification, learners can develop expertise, pupils have practical ability to apply what they have learned to society; campus and dormitory life instill discipline into students, living together can cultivate cooperation and strengthen the skill of interpersonal relationship, learners get tolerant of others, schooling can help students tell right from wrong2. course framework ought to be more flexible, such as more optional subjects rather than compulsory ones, interests can be aroused, subjects are practical and related to future jobs, learners should be more motivated, they have convenient access to relevant information of majors.III.1. advantage: cultures are mutually beneficial, theycan pool and share resources, the platform of exchange of ideas will assist diverse countries in comprehending actual state of affairs of distinct cultures, globalization will facilitate mutual understanding and dispel misunderstanding; disadvantage: the conflict between mainstream and marginal cultures will result in lesser-known cultures on the verge of extinction, the world is turned into a similar and monotonous entity.2. tradition is precious and unique, it symbolizes identity of a nation, people in the homeland are bristled with pride, for example, Forbidden City, fantastic buildings witness resplendent culture of feudalism, the Bastille, time-honored prison appreciates glorious history of French Revolution; peaceful coexistence between tradition and modernity should be guaranteed, tradition serves as places of tourist interests and boost the development of economy, we can invest money in the conservation of tradition and promote the education of protecting tradition.雅思基础写作精讲班第6讲讲义第四大主题1. the ultimate purpose of government is to serve the people, dispelling adverse substance is the obligation, authority should make overall planning and give consideration to the interests of all sides in adopting policies, it can exercise executive power if necessary.V.1. animals are in an unfavorable situation, they are entitled to the right of subsistence and deserve impartial treatment, it is unjustifiable to expropriate the right of living,2. humans enjoy the right of priority, in medical field, human beings can carry out clinical experiment on laboratory animals, they can achieve breakthrough in medical treatment, vivisection is justifiable.3. a reciprocal relationship is strongly recommended, equilibrium in biosphere and harmonious development can be beneficial to each other, they are indispensable to each other,1. white-hot technology transforms the life of drudgery into a convenient and comfortable one, entertainment at a finger’s click is not beyond our wildest dream, the means of communications, traffic, and information have been changed dramatically, humans are more confident about the future2. people adhere to hedonist philosophy and become indolent, declined ability is accompanying the progress; humans are heavily dependent on modern science, they become alienated, environment falls victim to advance of science and technology, environmental pollution has been aggravated.素材7VII.1. modern society are flooded with one-off products, such as chopsticks, shopping bags, and purified water bottles, some of them are non-biodegradable, industry, fossil fuel in industrial development is widely applied, petrol, coal, gas, the increase of carbon dioxide leads to global warming and air pollution, it will deplete ozone layer, farming, fertilizer andpesticide give rise to erosion of soil.2. government should pursue strict policy and popularize biodegradable packaging, coordination should be ensured among various countries, education will fire the masses with enthusiasm for environmental protection.VIII.1. Readers are thoroughly informed of current affairs, they can have access to up-to-date information and enjoy the right to know the truth, the freedom of speech will be guaranteed.2. Because of lack of professional ethics, shameless and unscrupulous journalists always carry gloomy news, such as murder, to promote circulation, paparazzo(singular), hordes of paparazzi(plural), invade privacy, chequebook journalism leads to sham news, the mass media follow the fashion and pander to the low taste, it encourages vulgar interests雅思基础写作精讲班第7讲讲义写作中必备的词汇和句式词汇和句式：第一:1.appalling/drug-related/commit/tackle crime, turn to crime: bored youngsters turn to crime. hardened criminal, teach criminals salutary lessons, unwilling victims, fall victim to,2.decent education, enter higher education, education authority, education resources, encyclopedic knowledge, broaden knowledge,3. alien/indigenous/dominant/mainstream culture, assimilate the culture, experience culture shock, a mutual exchange of ideas, facilitate communication, eco-friendly tourismernment agency/backing, guarantee equality, maximize efficiency, supplement meagre income,5.prove medically beneficial for human beings, endangered animals, laboratory animals, slaughter animals,6. white-hot technology, communication/telecommunications technology, treat the world with difference,7. safeguard the environment, damage the environment, environment issues/protection, pollution of the environment, fragile balance, sit in traffic jam, strike a balance8.tabloid journalism, fashion/literary/science journalism, the world of journalism, information bombard, create serious disturbance to people, accurate information, misleading advertisements, classified advertisements,第二：1. give rise to/lead to/arouse a heated discussion/perplexity; when it comes to.., it is commonly believed that…; one indisputable fact is that….;it goes without saying that…; it cannot be denied that…; recently, …has been brought into focus; with the rapid of development of…, …has gained an ever-increasing popularity in modern people’s life;…..is not strange to modern people.I assert…; in my opinion…; what I emphasize is that…;2. the reasons are multiple, it is manifest that…., it is conceded that…, in other words, that is to say, for example.3. from what has been discussed above…, taking into account all the points.., from the above-mentioned facts,.. I am convinced that..第四种词汇第三：alarming issue/ thorny problem, crucial reason/contributing factor, profound impact/ disruptive influence, charismatic culture/ time-honored tradition, beneficialinterest/spectacular result, persistent effort/genuine dilemma, pollution prevention/prevailing attitude, efficient solution/mass production, harmoniousrelationship/sustainable development, rosy picture/ monotonous routine, infallible methodology, severepenalty/impending crisis, draconian measure/appropriate punishment, widespread phenomenon/current situation, rampant corruption/petty crime, improperly undoubtedly, inevitably, indiscriminately, absolutely, responsibly第四：1.In addition/additionally: Computers provide efficient work. In addition, they make our life more colorful.Furthermore/further: This method can, furthermore, be used in environmental protection. Moreover: private cars are cheap and, moreover, it can improve our life. In other words: Killing live animals is cruel, a murder in other words.2． Hence: The cost of transport is a major expense for a person. Hence job location is an important consideration. Consequently: Globalization is a widespread phenomenon and consequently the domestic culture has been affected. Thereupon: Nature will revenge on humans. Thereupon people begin to realize the power of nature.3．Whereas: Smoking is something personal whereas it will affect others’ right. Conversely: S ome policemen prefer to carry guns when on duty; conversely others are reluctant to do that.4．Although/though: Although some young men really have no idea of what a new culture is, they absorb it without any reservation. Granted: Granted that the deed is not perfect, the disadvantages are outweighed by the advantages.5. for example, specifically: Specifically, the departmentwanted answers to the following questions.6. On condition that: Television enrich our lives a lot on condition that we are not addicted to it. Given that: Given that pets have become an indispensable part of some people’s life, the key is to coordinate the relationship between them.雅思基础写作精讲班第8讲讲义第六种词汇positive words:1. strive for a harmonious society/greater efficiency/striveto do something争取2. take suitable/timely steps to address this problem.采取合适/及时的措施3. top the central government's agenda.位于…最重要的位置4. assist sb in sth.在…方面帮助5. play an increasingly more integral role in wealthdistribution.起到越来越整体的作用6. contribute to sth/doing做出贡献7. implement the policy执行8. exert a positive/baneful effect on9. embark on reform and opening开始做…10. t ake initiative to eliminate negative effects.主动做…11. l aunch a spate of stringent measures发动，采取12. n avigate one’s way through the difficult situation.通过13. P roblems triggered by income composition are easy toresolve.解决/ muster enough resolve to quit smoking.鼓起勇气/Distribution of wealth is tainted and distorted by corruption must be redressed.纠正14. P roblems arising from development-based factors can berelieved and eased.减轻/ improve and ease减轻 thedifficulties and frustrations faced by travelers15. e liminate/ weed out 消除the structure of unscientificdesign.16. u tilize利用 their rich resources.17. i mprove/upgrade/optimize改善 the conditions18. f acilitate 推动the country's future sustainabledevelopment.19. b oost 推进the employment20. s houlder 承担起greater social responsibilities/bridge 消除，减少the cultural differences./ sth is mirrored by被反映21. m ake a difference有很重要的作用22. a vail oneself of something利用23. a bide by traffic rules遵守24. e nhance their job opportunities/enrich one’s life丰富，提高25. a spire to careers in finance/aspire to study abroad努力想要26. v oice their support for the movement表示了27. m ake efforts to do努力做事情28. h elp with 帮助weight loss and control; improve 改善fitness; reduce 减少stress, and of course save 节省money on petrol and parking.29. m inimize 减轻air and noise pollution, traffic accidents,oil consumption, road repairs and beautifies cities. 30. T hose measures, coupled with 与…一起advanced science andtechnology, will be taken without any delay.31. H ouse prices will start to calm down, saving the sector.下降32. T he current campaign to curb控制 the use of tobacco shouldbe stepped up.加速33. n urture/ cultivate a great number of learned people/培养，培育34. F igures released 公布on World No Tobacco Day serve as asource of frustration for everyone who wants to curb smokingin China.35. a slew of/a spate of/ a skyrocketing number of多数量第五：negative words:1. fail to do没能做…2. be a heache to…对于..是个难题3. pose a potential threat to residents' health.有潜在的威胁4. mean a formidable battle to do艰苦的斗争5. is now confronted with the same question that haunts/ beplagued with/be afflicted with (overpopulation/youth drug abuse/traffic accidents) 受到…问题的困扰6. be detrimental to sth对..有害7. focus attention on/bring something to somebody's attention引起…注意8. be blind to this point注意不到，忽视9. be of no avail没有用处10. crack down on(严厉的处罚) smoking in public places andpenalize(处罚) those who sell cigarettes to juveniles.11. exert a negative effect on sth有负面的影响12. exacerbate income disequilibrium/ The situation wascompounded by…加剧了13. squander natural resources浪费14. deprive sb of sth剥夺15. We believe that car tax should be scrapped.废除16. If it is hard to rein in控制17. The move has aroused controversy引起争论18. Apart from that, numerous factors are to blame for thecurrent situation. 责备19. We must stop pampering children纵容20. take various measures to tackle such malpractices处理玩忽职守21. Air pollution has turned into a major hazard affecting urbanresidents' quality of life. 巨大的危险影响了.22. an apparent total lack of明显的完全缺乏23. social and economic disequilibrium/ gauge(衡量) incomeinequality/disparity不平衡24. the severity of the pollution levels严重性25. lung damage and respiratory problems肺部损害以及呼吸问题26 be mind-boggling/ a problem of mind-boggling complexity令人难以置信的27. People cannot help but wonder why efforts to cut the numberof smokers have proven to be so futile. 没有效果的28. Smokers are six times more likely to be infertile（不生育的）and have a greater chance of becoming disabled,（残疾的） while women who smoke have a higher chance ofcontracting（得…病） breast cancer.29. looming environmental and public health disaster逐渐显现的30. leave others to the mercy of market forces受到..控制31. The abuse（滥用） of power for financial gain veils behind(隐藏)monopolies32. a hard nut to crack is that..困难是…33. Emissions from car exhausts have been found to be one ofthe major sources of urban air pollution. 尾气的排放34. carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide二氧化碳，一氧化碳35. We have no reason to be optimistic about the improvementof urban air quality. 对..不乐观第六：同义必备词：66. youth, teenager, minor, fledgling67. the old, elderly, grizzled, grey-headed68. conserve, preserve保存，如：We must conserve our waterresources for future generations.69. assure, ensure(insure), guarantee, pledge, avouch保证，如：Government should assure consumers of the quality of commodities. /It is important to insure that universities have enough funds to carry out important research inscience subjects./ The law guarantees equal rights for men and women./ The new government pledged to reduce crime./ Some criminals avouched that they themselves wereinnocent.70. Ideal, aspiration(beyond normal expectation), ambition(aparticular end)理想，雄心71. compare with/to, contrast, analogize(elaboration on thefunction of families in social life, sociologists like to analogists them to the cells of a human body.) 比较72. change, alter, modify(change of function), convert into,transform(appearance),改变73. argue, controversy(long-continued argument),dispute(angry manner), debate(formal argument)争论74. standard, criterion, gauge, yardstick标准75. inevitable, inescapable, unavoidable难免76. wealth, property, assets, fortune财富77. attend, take part in, participate in(formal), partake in,join in,参与。
剑桥雅思18 test2 写作范文
剑桥雅思18 test2 写作范文摘要：I.引言- 介绍剑桥雅思18 test2 写作范文的背景和作用II.写作题目与解析- 重现写作题目- 解析写作题目的难点和需要注意的地方III.范文概述- 简述范文的整体结构和主要内容IV.范文详细解读- 分析范文的论点、论据和论证方法- 解释范文的语言表达和词汇搭配V.范文评价- 评价范文的表现和优点- 提出改进意见和建议VI.结论- 总结范文的启示和借鉴价值正文：I.引言剑桥雅思18 test2 写作范文是雅思写作备考的重要参考资料。
它不仅能够帮助考生了解雅思写作的考试形式和内容，还能为考生提供写作思路和表达技巧。
本文将对剑桥雅思18 test2 写作范文进行详细解读，以期为考生的雅思写作备考提供帮助。
II.写作题目与解析剑桥雅思18 test2 写作题目是：Some university students want to learn about other subjects in addition to their main subjects.Others believe it is more important to give all their time and attention to studying for a qualification.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.这个题目讨论的是大学生是否应该在学习主修课程的同时学习其他课程。
这是一道讨论双方观点的题目，考生需要对比两种观点，并提出自己的看法。
题目涉及到教育领域，考生可以结合自己的学习经历和观点来展开论述。
III.范文概述剑桥雅思18 test2 写作范文是一篇对比双方观点的议论文。
文章首先概述了两种观点，然后分别对两种观点进行了详细论述，并提出了自己的观点。
整体结构清晰，论据充分，论证有力。
IV.范文详细解读范文首先引出了写作题目，然后分别陈述了两种观点。
雅思考试作文试题讲解
雅思考试作文试题讲解雅思考试作文试题讲解篇一：雅思写作小作文题型分类总结雅思写作小作文题型分类总结摘要：雅思写作小作文题型一般都是图表作文，常见的几种主要类型有：表格图，曲线图，柱状图，饼状图和图画题五大类。
雅思写作小作文是雅思写作的重要组成部分。
雅思写作小作文的题型一般包括柱图和线图是每月常考的题型，饼图和表格题也是相对频率较高的题型。
偶尔也会考综合题。
图画题主要分为流程图和地图题，一般每季度轮换题库的时候会出现。
只要同学们按照固定的题目分类学习，针对性的进行复习，做到多样性和灵活性的语言使用，考生就能达到更高的分数。
在雅思课程A类小作文图表题的写作当中，考生经常会碰到图表看懂了，专家将从动态图表和静态图表的角度来详细分析雅思小作文的解题思路。
一、动态图有时间推移变化的图我们通常叫做动态图。
曲线图都是动态图，但是对于表格图，饼图和柱图却有动态和静态之分。
对于大多数的动态图我们都可以大致当作线图来处理。
动态图重点在数字变化的表达上，利用主语句型的不同和衔接关联词来展开。
写好动态图的基础是要准备好三个方面：1. 解题思路1). 表格题的动态题解题思路大致可以分为四步：①先相减(年份大的减小的);②后分类(上升一类，下降一类);③挑出极值(最大值);④挑选数值(倍数关系，变化明显的数值);2). 线图的解题思路大致分为两种：第一种：①按整条线来写(可以把相同趋势的线放在一起，也可把相反趋势的线拿来做对比);②挑选重要信息(整体趋势，起点，重点，最高点，最低点);③整体作比较。
第二种：①按时间区间来写(横轴对上去有共同拐点或交点的分为一段);②对比着写(强调交点，拐点，最高点，最低点);3). 动态柱图解题思路：把各个柱子的顶点连起来就是几条线，所以按线图方式处理;4). 动态饼图解题思路：把每种颜色看做一条线，可把相同相反的颜色放在一起写，很多时候也可以把占的比例最大的单独写一部分。
2. 基础替换词汇1). 趋势词汇上升动词类：increase, rise, grow, jump, surge, shoot up, soar下降动词类：decrease, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip波动动词类：fluctuate持平动词类：remain the same, stabilize, remain stable, remain constant修饰动词的副词：slightly 轻微地，slowly 缓慢地，gradually 逐渐地，steadily 稳定地，rapidly 迅速地，moderately 温和地，轻微地，significantly 明显地，sharply 明显地，dramatically 急剧地，drastically 急剧地上升名词类：increase, rise, growth, jump, surge下降名词类：decrease, decline, fall, reduction, drop波动名词类：fluctuation修饰名词的形容词：slight, slow, gradual, steady, rapid, moderate, significant, sharp, dramatic, drastic2). 极值类词汇和表达最高点：reach the peak/top/highest pointIncrease to the peak/top/highest point(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)最低点：reach the bottom/lowest pointdrop to the bottom/lowest point(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)占了：occupy/make up/take up/account for/represent/constitute3). 倍数的表达方式Double 是两倍/大一倍Increase/decrease three times 增长/减少了三倍4). 大约的表达方式Approximately/About/around+数字3. 常用的小作文的趋势句式表达句式一：变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+数值+时间区间Eg: The number of aged people over 65 increased significantly from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2 million in 2000.句式二：There be+形容词+表示趋势的名词+in+变化的主体+时间区间Eg: There was a significant increase in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.句式三：时间+see/experience/witness+ 表示趋势的名词+in+ 变化的主体+ 数值Eg: The period from 1940 to 2000 saw an upward trend in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million to 1.2 million.句式四：表示趋势的名词+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+变化的主体+时间Eg: An upward trend was seen in the number of aged people over 65 from 1 million in 1940 to 1.2million in 2000.二、静态图静态图常见的是柱图，饼图和表格题。
雅思写作的常见写作题型
雅思写作的常见写作题型雅思写作考试是许多考生最为关注的一项考试内容。
在雅思写作考试中，考生需要应对各种不同的写作题型。
本文将介绍一些常见的雅思写作题型，并给出一些应对方法和技巧。
一、议论文类型 (Opinion Essay)议论文是雅思写作中最常见的一种题型。
考生需要就一个特定的观点或主题发表自己的观点，并给出理由和例证来支持自己的观点。
议论文的写作结构可以分为引言、主体和结论三个部分。
在引言部分，考生需要清楚地表达自己对于问题或主题的观点。
主体部分应该包括两到三个段落，每个段落都应该有一个清晰的主题句，并附带有具体的例证和理由来支持观点。
结论部分则是对整篇文章的总结和再次强调自己的观点。
在写作时，考生应该尽量使用丰富的词汇和句式结构，同时注意使用适当的连接词来使文章更加连贯。
此外，考生还应该注意避免使用个人化的表达方式，而是尽量使用客观的语言来阐述观点。
二、利弊分析型 (Advantages and Disadvantages Essay)利弊分析型题目要求考生就一个特定的主题或观点列举其优点和缺点，并进行分析。
考生在写作时需要明确表达自己对于该主题的观点，并用理由和例证来支持自己的观点。
利弊分析型的写作结构类似于议论文，同样包括引言、主体和结论三个部分。
在引言部分，考生需要明确表达自己对于该主题的观点，并说明自己将会列举出该主题的优点和缺点。
在主体部分，考生需要逐一列举出主题的优点和缺点，并进行分析和解释。
结论部分应该总结全文，并再次强调自己的观点。
写作时，考生可以从各个方面来论述该主题的优点和缺点，如经济、社会、环境等不同角度进行分析。
同时，考生应该注意使用适当的连接词来使文章更加连贯。
三、原因与解决方案型 (Causes and Solutions Essay)原因与解决方案型的题目要求考生分析某一问题的原因，并提出解决该问题的方法和方案。
在写作中，考生需要清楚地列举问题的原因，并给出具体的例子和论据来支持自己的观点。
雅思写作的22套模板
雅思写作的22套模板摘要：1.引言：简要介绍雅思写作的重要性2.主体部分：详细解析22套雅思写作模板a.分类说明各类写作题型及适用模板b.分析每类题型的解题思路和技巧c.提供模板示例及解析3.结尾：总结雅思写作模板的运用方法和注意事项正文：雅思写作是雅思考试的重要组成部分，很多考生在此部分感到困扰。
为了帮助大家更好地应对雅思写作，本文整理了22套雅思写作模板，并为大家详细解析各类写作题型的解题思路和技巧。
一、雅思写作题型及模板分类1.议论文：讨论某一话题，并提出自己的观点。
模板：引言+ 论点1 + 论据1 + 过渡+ 论点2 + 论据2 + 结论2.对比分析：对比两个事物的异同。
模板：引言+ 相似点1 + 不同点1 + 过渡+ 相似点2 + 不同点2 + 结论3.报告类：根据给定信息撰写报告。
模板：引言+ 主题介绍+ 细节1 + 细节2 + 结论4.教育类：讨论教育现象或问题。
模板：引言+ 教育现象描述+ 原因分析+ 解决方案+ 结论5.环境类：讨论环境问题及解决方案。
模板：引言+ 环境问题描述+ 原因分析+ 解决方案+ 结论6.政府政策类：讨论政府政策及影响。
模板：引言+ 政策介绍+ 政策影响+ 政策优缺点分析+ 结论7.科技类：讨论科技发展及其对人类的影响。
模板：引言+ 科技发展描述+ 影响分析+ 解决方案或建议+ 结论8.旅游类：讨论旅游话题。
模板：引言+ 旅游话题介绍+ 旅游优点分析+ 旅游缺点分析+ 结论9.媒体类：讨论媒体的作用及影响。
模板：引言+ 媒体角色描述+ 媒体影响分析+ 解决方案或建议+ 结论10.文化类：讨论文化现象或问题。
模板：引言+ 文化现象描述+ 原因分析+ 解决方案+ 结论11.历史类：讨论历史事件或人物。
模板：引言+ 历史事件介绍+ 事件影响分析+ 人物评价+ 结论12.书籍电影类：讨论书籍或电影。
模板：引言+ 书籍电影介绍+ 主题分析+ 评价+ 结论13.生活类：讨论日常生活中的话题。
雅思outweigh作文结构
雅思outweigh作文结构烤鸭们都知道的，在雅思写作的考试中，要求我们在40分钟内完成不少于250词的议论文写作，而刚刚接触的烤鸭就会很忧愁，议论文用中文都写不好，现在还要用英文写，怎么办？今天就为你解答，雅思大作文到底都考些什么，每种题型怎么写。
今天的这篇总结给你一个清晰的写作思路！一、大作文考什么?雅思大作文考试内容为议论文写作，也就是需要立论，并说服他人接受你的观点。
在这个任务中，你会得到一个话题，并根据要求写出自己的观点。
考生首先需要从所给的话题中提炼出能够展开论述的观点。
雅思大作文话题中，比较常见的包括这十种话题类型：教育，环境，社会问题，科技，媒体，政府，犯罪，文化，全球化，和个人发展与生活方式。
其中社会问题、教育和个人发展与生活方式是近期考试中高频出现的话题。
大作文最常见题型包括四种：双边讨论，同意与否，利弊分析，问题解决。
下面我们就根据这四种题型，分别为大家列出文章结构作为参考。
二、四大题型和真题示例1. 双边讨论该题型常见问法：Discuss both views and give your own opinion.例题：Some people say History is one of the most important school subjects. Other people think that, in today’s world, subjects like Science and Technology are more important than History. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.有人觉得历史是学校里最重要的科目之一;有人觉得在当今世界，科学技术学科比历史更重要。
讨论双方观点并给出自己看法。
文章结构：开头段+ 观点A + 观点B + 自己观点段开头段：改述题目背景和两种对立观点观点A：针对第一种观点(历史是最重要的科目)给出理由和论据。
雅思议论文写作方法及模板
雅思议论文写作方法及模板一、雅思议论文写作方法1.明确观点：在写作开始时，明确你对于给定话题的观点，可以是正方观点或反方观点。
确保你的观点清晰，容易理解，并能够推动你接下来的写作。
2.提供论据和例证：在每个段落中，提供支持你观点的论据和具体的例证。
可以运用事实、统计数据、专家观点、个人经验等来支持你的观点，增加说服力。
3.反驳对立观点：在论证自己观点的同时，要注意反驳对立观点的论据和例证。
指出对方观点的缺陷或逻辑问题，并用自己的论据来反驳，进一步加强你的观点。
4.合理结构和连贯性：议论文需要有清晰的结构，包括引言、主体和结论。
每个段落应围绕一个主题展开，段落之间要有连贯性和逻辑性。
5.语言表达准确和多样化：在写作过程中，使用准确的词汇表达你的观点，并尽量避免重复使用同一词汇。
另外，也要注意使用适当的语法结构和句式，使你的写作更具有表达力。
6.注意篇幅和时间：议论文的篇幅要合理，不要过于冗长或过于简短。
同时，在写作时合理管理时间，确保每个段落都能充分展开观点，不要过于赘述或篇幅不足。
二、论述类模板1.引言部分：简要概括主题/问题，并提出自己的立场和观点。
Introduction: Briefly summarize the topic/issue and state your position and viewpoint.2.主体部分：分段叙述观点和理由，可以采用以下结构：（1）Topic Sentence: Clearly state the main point or argument of the paragraph.（2）Supporting Sentences: Provide supporting details, examples, or evidence to support your viewpoint.（3）Concluding Sentence: Summarize the main idea of the paragraph and transition to the next point.3.结论部分：总结观点，并强调自己的立场和意见。
雅思大作文总体分为两种：-说明文和议论文。
雅思大作文总体分为两种：说明文和议论文。
雅思说明文：it is / there is/ there are (it is true that many people eat junk food everyday.)议论文：I think that there are too many junk foods in our society.I think = I believe = I hold the opinion that = my view is 说明文一般描述的是关于社会现象或者问题，包括了或者是一个趋势的优点或者是缺点，这类文章通常都是以描述为主，基于事实描述，比较客观，不代有任何的特殊性。
就是一般我们这个社会都能够接受的论点。
议论文一般针对的是题目中的一个话题 (some people think)，以及部分人对这个话题的想法(some people think, while others believe, 有些人认为。
当另外一些人认为)，然后要求你是不是同意或者是发表你自己的看法（I think this is correct/true; I disagree with this）。
这类题目通常会在题目中引述一个观点，然后要求你针对那个观点，进行写作。
议论文比较基于主观事实描述，一般来说，文章的主体是以为什么而展开，，整理需要通过解释，论证从而达到一个比较合理的能够具有说服力的一个层次。
整理要展开自己的想法，并要通过论证，让读者认为你所写的是正确的，合理的。
雅思议论文通常只有两种问法：To what extent do you agree or disagree?? (你从多大程度上同意这个观点)》》》题目中一部分人只会提出对于某个问题所产生的一个看法。
整理所要进行论证就是你是否同意这么一个看法无论是采取同意的，还是不同意的写作手法，再论述的过程中必须从不同角度去验证你为什么同意或者不同意的理由。
雅思考试议论文评分标准
雅思考试议论文评分标准雅思考试全程考试时间为2小时55分钟。
其中，写作在听力、阅读部分之后出现，是笔试的最后一项。
雅思写作考试要求在60分钟内完成两篇作文（Task 1 and Task 2）。
写作中，以移民为主的培训类（General Training）和以留学为主的学术类（Academic）试题类型有所不同。
Task 1 要求考生在20分钟内完成150字以上的文章。
G类（培训类）要求考生针对题目要求写一封信来询问某方面信息或阐释某种状况。
到目前为止，出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。
而A类（学术类）则考核图表为主。
考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格等。
也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。
另外，流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。
Task 2 要求考生在40分钟内写作一篇不少于250字的议论文。
A类和G类在Task 2方面非常相似。
考生可能需要对某个观点发表支持或反驳意见，或者讨论针锋相对的一组观点，或者解释某种问题出现的原因并提出相应的解决办。
雅思评分按9分制。
基本上，移民或读语言学校起码要5分（Modest User）。
留学需要6分（Competent User）以上。
如果读的是法律、传媒、管理等名校的研究生的话，写作达到7分（Good User）。
但考生最后写作成绩并不是Task 1和Task 2的简单平均，而是以Task 2为主。
雅思写作的评分标准不象四六级或托福采用整体式的评分，而是分项式评分（analytical scoring）。
也就是说，考官给考生并不只打一个分数，而是根据具体的评分细则分项给分。
书信或图表评分标准：Task 1（书信或图表）按照以下三方面评分：Task Fulfilment（完成任务）；Coherence and Cohesion（连贯与衔接）；Vocabulary and Sentence Structure（词汇与句子结构）。
Task Fulfilment指的是考生是否能够在正确审题的基础上完成题目的指令。
雅思写作task2议论文--1
Task 2——议论文题型介绍•There is a tendency that news reports in the media focus on problems and emergencies rather than positive developments, which is harmful to the individual and to society.To what extent do you agree or disagree?•Governments should give financial support to art projects such as theaters and museums, while others suggest that the money should be spent on health care and education.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.•In the future, there will be a higher proportion of elderly people than younger people in many countries.Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?•In most cities and towns, the high volumes of road traffic have become a problem.What are the causes of that and what actions could be taken to solve this problem?写作步骤•准确理解题意（题材+题型）•勾画关键词•双方构思•确定结构题目分析(1)There is a tendency that news reports in the media focus on problems and emergencies rather than positive development, which is harmful to the individual and to society.To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2012-04-14 )•双方构思∙报道社会问题/ 紧急情况有害引起恐慌对社会发展失去信心∙报道社会问题/ 紧急情况有益唤起重视，提高意识发现问题才能解决问题•同类题型范文赏析Traffic and housing problems in major cities would be solved by moving big companies, factories and their employees to the countryside.Do you agree or disagree?In major cities, problems with transportation and living conditions are problems most people have to face every day.Some people hold that the principal reason for these problems lies with the big companies and factories located in the city proper. They believe that these companies, factories and even their employees should be moved to the countryside.This is not a satisfactory solution, though.Like anyone else, people engaged by big companies and factories do cause some traffic jams if they drive cars on their way to and from work, and some of them also have difficulty finding an ideal house to dwell in. Great as the number of such employees is, they only constitute a small proportion of the entire population, which consists of more people living in the cities and working in other sectors, such as small firms and schools. In consequence, moving those in big companies and factories to the countryside may ease the transportation and living conditions to a certain extent, but it will not lead to a radical change of the already-existing situation.Moreover, the real cause of traffic and housing problems is that the infrastructure at the moment cannot meet the demand of the rapid development of the cities. Moving companies and employees out only brings about a temporary solution, but does not affect a long-lasting cure. Policies should be made to allow more roads, overpasses, and skyscrapers to be built so as to accommodate the increasing number of automobiles and citizens.In conclusion, actions to implement the improvement of the current traffic and housing problems should await the participation of governments, big and small companies and factories, and people from all walks of life rather than that of a small proportion of employees.❶ 典型结构——同意与否• 开头段写作 In major cities, problems with transportation and living conditions are problems most people have to face every day.Some people hold that the principal reason for these problems lies with the big 话题引入1对反方观点的驳2对己方观点的论3重申己方观点480 90 4050companies and factories located in the city proper. They believe that these companies, factories and even their employees should be moved to the countryside.This is not a satisfactory solution, though.话题引入+主要观点+作者观点A criticism often heard these days is that the subjects taught in schools tend to be too academic, and contribute little to preparing a young person for the real-life tasks.They say that academic subjects are rooted in the past, and are not useful for solving modern problems.I disagree with this point of view for three reasons.话题引入+主要观点+作者观点•开头段写法：∙简单的背景介绍引入话题∙双方对立观点或一方主要观点∙作者观点引起下文•开头段写作举例∙题目:There is a tendency that news reports in the media focus on problems and emergencies rather than positive development, which is harmful to the individualand to society.∙范例:For many people, news is a regular part of life, but today, it is important to note that content of different news including national, local, politics and traffic (背景)∙News tends to be full of negative information instead of positive progress. It has been argued that news reports about social problems and emergencies should beminimized or even restricted. （引入话题）I agree on this suggestion based on the following concerns. （个人观点）•主体段写作From the time they are little girls, females learn about nurturing.First with dolls and later perhaps with younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the role of career. Girls see their mothers in the same roles and so it is natural that they identify this as a female activity.Boys, in contrast, learn competitive role far removed from what it means to nurture.While boys may dream of adventures, girls conditioning means they tend to see the future in terms of raising families.In addition, we needn’t directly associate clothes with our cultural heritage.C hina’s glorious civilization can be illustrated in many different ways, and some ofthem are vanishing.For example, in order times, the Spring Festival was always accompanied by the sound of firecrackers. But now, many cities have banned them. Tradition, including clothing, is changing.。