基于单片机的智能小车设计(红外避障)

单片机系统课程设计智能小车(避障及循迹)的设计

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摘要

智能作为现代社会的新生产物，是未来的发展的一个重要方向，它可以按照预定的模式在特定的环境里自动的运作，无需人为管理，便可以完成预期目标。本设计主要体现多功能小车的智能模式，设计中的理论方案、分析方法及特色与创新点等对智能化机器人，智能家用电器等自动半自动机器人的设计与普及有一定的参考意义。

整个智能小车设计主要以单片机为控制核心，通过红外遥控实现小车前后左右的移动，以及对小车功能模式的转换；通过红外传感器,实现小车的避障功能和循迹功能。设计采用对比选择，模块独立，综合处理的研究方法。结合实际情况对比方案优劣选出最优方案进行设计。从红外遥控，红外循迹和避障，都严格按照科学严谨态度完成。通过调试检测各模块，得到正确的信号输出，实现其应有的功能。最后将各个调试成功的模块结合到小车的车体上，结合程序，通过单片机的控制，将各模块有效整合在一起，达到所预期的目标，完成最终设计与制作，能使小车在一定的环境中智能化运转。

关键词：智能小车避障循迹遥控

ABSTRACT

Smart as a new product of modern society, it is an important direction of future development, it can be according to the predetermined pattern in a specific environment of automatic operation, without human management, can achieve expected goal. This design mainly reflects the multi-function car intelligent mode, the theory in the design of scheme, analysis method and special features and innovation point of intelligent robot, intelligent home appliances such as the design of automatic semi-automatic robot and popularity have certain reference significance.

The smart car design mainly by the single chip processor as the core, through infrared remote control to realize the car moving around, as well as to the car function mode conversion; Through the infrared sensor, achieve the function of car obstacle avoidance and tracking function. Independent design USES contrast to choose, module, integrated processing methods. Combined with actual situation comparing scheme to design and choose the optimal solution. From the infrared remote control, infrared tracking and obstacle avoidance, are in strict accordance with the scientific rigorous attitude to complete. Through debugging test module, get the correct output signal, realize its function. Finally combine the modules of various debugging success on car body, combined with the program, through the single-chip microcomputer control, to effectively integrate various modules together, achieve the expected goals, complete the final design and production, can make the car intelligent operation in a certain environment.

Keywords: intelligent car avoidance tracking control

第一章绪论 (1)

1.1 设计的背景和意义 (1)

1.2 智能小车的发展现状 (2)

1.3 该设计的主要容和目的 (4)

第二章系统总体方案设计与论证 (5)

2.1 系统的总体方案设计 (5)

2.2 主控系统 (6)

2.3 电机驱动模块 (6)

2.4 循迹模块 (6)

2.5 显示模块 (6)

第三章系统硬件电路设计 (7)

3.1 主控模块的电路设计 (7)

3.1.1 AT89S52单片机的简介 (7)

3.2 红外避障模块的电路设计 (9)

3.2.1 LM393双电压比较器集成电路 (9)

3.2.2红外对管工作原理 (11)

3.2.3红外避障电路图及工作原理 (12)

3.3红外循迹电路的设计 (13)

第四章系统软件设计 (15)

4.1 主程序 (15)

第五章总结 (24)

附录1程序清单 (25)

附录2硬件原理图 (34)

附录3 实物图 (35)