英语句子结构分析陈述句(五种句型)
第一讲英语句子结构分析
句子的划分
I. 根据结构划分:①简单句
S+V(主+谓)
S+V+P(主+谓+表)
S+V+O(主+谓+宾)
S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾)
S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)
②并列句and, but, or
③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)
副词从句(状语从句)
形容词从句(定语从句)
II. 根据功能划分:陈述句
疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反义疑问句,修辞疑问句)
祈使句
感叹句
III. 根据句子成分:单个词汇
短语
从句
一.陈述句(五种句型)
I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。
Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。
Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。
I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。
Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。
We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上一隐君子叫网虫。
I. 常用作连系动词:
①变成,变得:become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀:好是come,坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn;Get\ become口语化,如果要说就用它.
口诀解读:
Come 一般表示事物由坏变好,结果是好的。
如:Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
Go 一般表示事物由好变坏,结果是不好的。
如:It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.今天太热了,菜都馊了。
Grow 表示逐渐变化,强调的是缓慢变化的过程,后面往往接表示天气或外貌变化的静态形容词。
如:I want to grow old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢变老。Run 与grow 是对应的,其主语多为能流动,能消耗的东西。
如:Still water runs deep.静水深流。
Turn多接表示颜色和天气的形容词,侧重于表达与之前大不相同。
如:The weather suddenly turned hot.天气突然变热了。In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天树变绿了,花开了。
Get\become在口语表达时用得比较多,但这二者相比,become相对正式些,其主语既可以是人也可以是物。如:He got angry on hearing the news.听到这个消息,他变得
很生气。总之,不管英语多么“变”化多端,万“变”不离其宗。英语学习的终极目标还是为了与人交流,所以多在交流中使用这些“变化”词,才能真正掌握其内涵。
系词be它有三,am is are ,
我(I)用am,you(你)用are,
is 用于他她它;
单数is,复数are,
认真做题不出差。
(否句be后not加,疑问句,be句首,句尾?不要丢。)
②保持某种状态:Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay.
③看起来,好像:Appear, look, seem.
④感官动词:Feel, smell, sound, taste.
II. 代双宾语的动词
````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````“七七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。
带双宾语的及物动词,如果把直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,必须在变换时“to”或“for”。这11个及物动词可以概括为下边两句话,读起来妙趣横生,效果很好
1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”
如:He lent some money to me.类似动词的还有:get,mail,offer,owe(借),pay,promise,read,sell,take,teach 等
2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。类似的动词还有:build,choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(订购),reach等。
3、当直接宾语是代词时,间接宾语for和to于直接宾语之后
如:Richard made it for him。理查德为他做的这个东西Give it to me。把它给我
4、有些动词后可单独用直接宾语、间接宾语或双宾语,如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.
I asked John. 我问约翰
I asked a question. 我问了一个问题
I asked John a question.我问了约翰一个问题
5、suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce 等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。
Could you explain your point of view to us?
=Could you explain to us your point of view?
6、易错的动词
抢劫/偷某人某物:Rob/steal sb. sth (错误)
正确的说法:rob sb of sth steal sb from sth.
类似的还有:cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病
rid sb of sth 从----中除去(不好的东西)
supply sb with sth 供给某人某物
provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物
accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事
cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物
inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事
remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事
warn sb of sth 警告某人某情况
charge sb with sth 指责某人某事
二.疑问句
1.一般疑问句
Is this seat taken?
Yes, it is/ No, it isn’t.
需要用yes或no来回答。
语序一般为:助动词+主语+谓语?
Practice:
Have you been there?_______________________
Didn’t you tell him about it yesterday?_________________ 2.特殊疑问句
你什么时候开始学英语?
When……
You began to study English.
? Did you begin to study English?
??when did you begin to study English?
你在想什么?
What……
Something is in your mind.
?What’s in your mind?
小结:
①用who, what, where, which, when, why, how提问。
②语序:疑问词+一般疑问句或疑问词+谓语动词。More Practice:
What time is convenient for you?你什么时候方便?What’s going on here?发生了什么事?/回事?
3. 选择疑问句:
Do you like tea or(do you like)coffee?
Did you speak to them, or did the manager?
Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?
提供两种或两种以上情形供对方选择。
不用Yes或no来回答。
反意疑问句
附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说得事实和观点提出疑问。一般来说有两种形式:陈述肯定,则所附问句否定;陈述句否定,则所附问句肯定。
The Embarrassed Magician.
Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage): Now, my boy, you have never seen me before, have you?
Boy: No Daddy.
You have completed that job, haven’t you?
You have not completed that job, have you?
三.祈使句:
用以表示请求,命令,劝告,建议等语气的句子。
主语You 常省略,只以动词原形开头。
一般没有时态变化,不与情态动词连用。
Stop bugging me.
Don’t judge a book by its cover.
Don’t get me wrong.
Let’s just have a rest.
Let’s hope for the best.
Let bygones be bygones
Make hay while sun shines.
四.感叹句:
主要由what和how来引导。
What 结构主要有三种
What a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+谓语部分!
What a lovely boy he is!
B. What + 形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+谓语部分!
What foolish mistakes you have made.
What nice weather (it is)!
C. What + a(n) +可数名词单数!
3. How 结构主要有三种:
A. How+形容词/副词+主谓部分
How lovely the boy is!
How fast the time flies!
B. How +形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+主谓部分How lovely a boy he is!
C. How+主谓部分(实义动词做谓语)
How I hate exam! 我真烦考试!
How he snores! 他鼾声如雷!
(二) practice
2.分析下列句子成分,并判断句子结构类型。Time flies by.
I’m on a diet.
I own you one.
It slipped my mind.
Old habits die hard.
I enjoy your company.
I can’t stand the heat.
Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun. He speaks English well.
Teachers will make your English better.
They found the dead boy.
They found the boy dead.
I found the book easily.
I found the book easy.
Tom found Jim an apartment.
We found John a loyal friend.’I will find you a good teacher.
She will make him a good wife. She will make him a good husband.