大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习(英文)

希腊罗马神话复习一．单选（课文）10分

二．判断（课文）10分

三．表格（默写）20分

四．名词解释（课后）20分

1.delphic: It relates to Delphi.It means ambiguous.

2.Olypian: It relates to Olympian Gods.It means that some one is like a

god,especially by being calm and not concerned about ordinary things.

3.martial: It relates to Mars.It means something connected with war and fighting.

4.nemesis: It relates to Nemesis.It means a punishment that is deserved and cannot be avoided.

5.titanic:I t relates to Titans.It means something big ,strong and powerful.

1.Junoesque:It relates to Juno.It means someone is elegant and beautiful like Juno.

2.Argus-eyed:It relates to Argus.It means someone is watchful and alert.

3.satyr/satyriasis:It relates to Satyr.It means someone that has an abnormally intense sexual desire in men.

4.mercurial:It relates to Mercury.It means having feelings that change suddenly and without warning.

1.chaotic:It relates to Chaos.It means messy and disorder.

2.Pandora’s box:It relates to Pandora. It means the root of troubles.

3.Promethean:It relates to Prometheus.It means a person who resembles Prometheus.

1.Dionysiac:It relates to Dionysus.It means Sensuality, debauchery, and revelry.

1.Midas’/ass’s ears:It relates to Midas.It means A secret that cannot be hid.It also menas someone is shallow and uninformed.

2.Midas/the golden touch:It relates to Midas.It means touching a stone and turning it into gold.

3.cut the Gordian knot:It relates to Alexander.It means solving a complex problem with a bold strike.

1.cereal:It relates to Ceres.It means grains.

2.aureole:It relates to Aurora.It means a bright circle of light.

1.Charon’s boat/ferry:It relates to Charon.It means some one is going to die.

2.cross the Styx:It means some one is going to die.

C12

1.gain/reap/win（one’s）laurels: It relates to Daphne. It means gaining one’s honors.

2.Look to one’s laurels:It relates to Daphne.It means to work hard in order not to lose the achievement.

3.rest/repose/retire/sit(back)on one’s laurels: It relates to Daphne.It means to satisfy with what you have achieved and stop trying.

4.a Noble/poet laureate:It relates to Daphne.It means to be a noble price winner.

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1.cupidity: It relates to Cupid.It means a very strong desire for something.

2.erotic:It relates to Eros.It means sexual excitement.

C14

1.Aphrodite’s girdle:It relates to Aphrodite.It means unlimited female sexuality.

2.adonis:It relates to Adonis.It means some one is a handsome young man.

C16

1.Narcissism:It relates to Narcissus.It means the habit of always thinking about yourself and admiring yourself.

C17

1.Pygmalion effect:It relates to Pygmalion. It is a phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people ,the better they perform.

C18

1.atlantean:It relates to Atalanta. It means strong ,powerful and gigantic.

2.Mount one’s Pegasus: It relates to Pegasus.It means to write a poem.

3.a chimera in one’s brain: It relates to Perseus.It means the fantasy in one’s mind.

C20

1.the choice of Heracles: It relates to Heracles.It means some one is in a dilemma.

2.Cleanse the Augean Stable:It relates to Augeas.It means to remove something totally.

3.Herculean effort:It relates to Hercules.It means great effort.

C21

1.sow dragon’s teeth: It means to provoke war by spreading dispute;or cultivate warriors or monster.

2.a Cadmean/Pyrrhic victory:It relates to Cadmus.It means a victory that comes at

a great cost.

C22

1.sphinx riddle:It relates to Sphinx.It means a puzzle which is very difficult to solve.

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1.the apple of discord: It means the root of the trouble and any subject of possible of contention or disagreement.

2.Achilles’heel:It relates to Achilles.It means a weak point in something that is otherwise perfect.

3.hector: It relates to Hector.It means to

intimidate or dominate in a blustering way.

4.Achilles and Patroclus:It relates to Achilles and Patroclus.It means male friendship, a heroic friendship.

5.Fight like a Trojan:It means to fight with great determination.

6.Sulky like Achilles in his tent: It relates to Achilles.It means sulky.

7.a Trojan horse:It means the hidden danger.

8.Myrmidon: It means a faithful follower who carries out orders without question.

9.Helen of Trojan:It relates to Helen.It means the root of war; a beauty who ruins her country;a terrible disaster brought by somebody or something you like best.

10.Greek gift:It means a gift with evil purpose of the enemy; a gift to murder.五．简答题 20分

1.What did the ancient Greeks know about their world?

The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular,their own country occupying the middle of it,the central point being either Mount Olympus,The earth is divided into two equal parts by the Sea.Around the earth flowed the River Ocean.

2.To which place were mortals favored by the gods taken when they died?

The Aethiopians.

3.How did Zeus divide the rule of the world with his brother?

Zeus’s portion was the heavens,Poseidon’s the ocean and Hades’s the realms of the dead.

4.How was Venus married off to Vulcan?

Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts.

5.How did the Fates mete out human destiny?

The three goddesses were assigned distinct task:Clotho spun the “thread”of human fate,Lachesis dispensed it and Atropos cut it.

1.What was Zeus’ usual way of hiding his scandals?

He raised a cloud to hide some of his doings that would not bear the light and He turned the girl into an animal.

2.How did the musical instrument “panpipe” come into being?

Pan fell in love with A nymph called Syrinx,who was a faithful worshipper of Artemis.He chased her to the bank of river .With the water nymph’s help,Syrinx was turned into reeds.Pan was so sad and he made an instrument with the reeds,which called Syrinx.And that is the panpipe.

3.How can you account for Zeus’s promiscuity?

The promiscuity of Zeus serves more than entertaining purposes.It is out of political purpose.Men have a powerful ability to reproduce in order to reproduce more offspring, . For most of the people in the world flows his blood, is one of the methods can have more faithful follows.And the number of the faithful follows decide whether his regime is firm.

1.What was the direct cause of Prometheus’ obtaining fire for man?

When Epimetheus created man ,he had nothing left for him.

2.What attitude toward women is shown through the story of Pandora?

The story shows the ancient Greeks thought women were inferior and affiliated to men,and they were the root evil and trouble.

3.Which age of man applies to our own age?Please elaborate.

I think we are in the Iron Age.People work day and night and man’s character is more complex,though mixed with kindness, but more evil.Human wants to rule everything.People no longer trust each other.Married people do not love each other.Vows are regarded as dust.Kindness and justice are no longer seen as the norm of conduct, but merely violence.

4.How is the first woman often described as a “lovely evil”?How does she compare with Eve in the Book of Genesis?

Pandora is described as a “lovely evil” because she was the most beautiful and sweetest woman,but she opened box and made many evil things free.

Both Pandora and Eve are beauties.They are also described as the root of troubles to take the blame for the male society.But they were created out of different purpose.Pandora was created as the cost of Prometheus stealing the fire for man.She symbolizes a great temptation and human misery.Eve is inferior and affiliated to the man and just like a slave and she was created to help man.

5.Why did Zeus try to withhold fire from human beings?

Because fire is a symbol for technology and civilization.

A basic distinction in myth between raw & cooked and wild & civiliz ed.

As a revenge for Prometheus' earlier theft of the finest sacrificial portions.

By withholding fire, Zeus makes the division of the sacrifice impract icable. The humiliation of Zeus prompted him to take the extreme mea sure of withholding fire from mankind, without which man would soon be little more than animals.

1.What led to Bacchus’ wanderings?

Bacchus invented how to plant grapes and brew wine. He was wandering around

and spread this kind of knowledge to bring people the joy of drinki ng.

1.How did Midas acquire the power of turning everything to gold?

Because Midas rescued Bacchus’s teacher,Slilenus, and treated him hos pitably, entertaining

him for ten days and nights with an unceasing round of jollity. I

n return, Bacchus gave him the

power of turning everything to gold.

1.What made Hades fall in love with Proserpine?

As signs of womanly beauty began to shine along side her childlike innocence, the adolescent goddess Persephone unwittingly attracted the attention of the Greek god Hades.

2.Why was Venus displeased with Athena,Diana,and Proserpine?

Because she thought all of them looked down upon the power of her and her son.

3.What prevented Proserpine’s freedom from the Underworld?

Three pomegranate.