高考英语二轮复习方案专题限时训练(二十七) 阅读理解之主旨大意和细节理解 Word版含解析
专项限时训练(二十七)[阅读理解之主旨大意和细节理解](限时：25分钟)一、主旨大意1．Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honours. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.What is the main idea of the passage?A．How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer.B．Bingham is a diligent student.C．Joshua Bingham received excellent education.D．A good lawyer needs good education.2．Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, ‚In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.‛ Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflicts the way they are taught to solve maths problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?This article is mainly about________．A．the lives of school childrenB．the cause of arguments in schoolsC．how to analyse youth violenceD．how to deal with school conflicts3．Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practised ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play with a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins ‚Twinkle, twinkle, little star‛ or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks.What is the main idea?A．People remember well what they learned in childhood.B．Children have a better memory than gro wnups.C．Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D．Stories for children are easy to remember.4．One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionarywas also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Professor James Murray to serve as an editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.This was a huge task. So Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the civil war and is now living in England. He gave his address as ‚Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire‛，50 miles from Oxford.Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next years, he became one of the staff's most valued contributors.But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne h imself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a booklined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the criminally insane.Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10，000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414，825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.What does the text mainly talk about?A．The history of the English language.B．The friendship between Murray and Minor.C．Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary.D．Broadmoor Asylum and its patients.二、细节理解1．Below is a selection about Guinness(吉尼斯) World Records.Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records〃Fastest 100m running on all foursThe 2008 Guinness World Records Day was, according to CWR, their biggest day of recordbreaking ever, with more than 290，000 people taking part in record attempts in 15 different countries. Kenichi Ito's record attempt was part of this special day. He is just another example of Japanese with‚super powers‛. His ‚super power‛is to run with great speed on all fours. Kenichi Ito ran 100 m on all fours in 18.58 seconds. The Japanese set this record at Setagaya Kuritsu Sogo Undojyo, Tokyo, in 2008.〃Most people inside a soap bubbleThe Discovery Science Centre in Santa Ana, California celebrated the 15th anniversary of the Bubble (泡泡) Festival this year. A bubble's maths principles and science were presented and demonstrated at the threeweeklong exhibition. The intriguing Bubble Show was also part of the programme. Fan Yang and Deni Yang impressed the audience with their awesome skills for bubble making. The Yang family cooperated with the Discovery Science Centre to set a new Guinness World Record for most people inside a soap bubble and they succeeded.The family that has been working with soap bubbles for 27 years created a huge soap bubble and got 118 people inside it. The record was set on April 4, 2011.〃Longest ears on a dogA bloodhound (大警犬) from Illinois has the longest ears ever measured. The right ear is 13.75 inches long and the left one 13.5 inches. The dog named Tigger earned this title in 2004 and is owned by Christina and Bryan Flessner.Mr Jeffries is the previous record holder of this title. Each of his ears measured approximately 11.5 inches long. His grandfather used to hold this amazing world record, but when he died Mr Jeffries took over.〃Most living generationsDid you ever wonder what is the Guinness World Record for most living generations in one family? Seven is the answer.The ultimate authority on recordbreaking mentions on the website that the youngest greatgreatgreatgreat grandparent of this family was Augusta Bung ‚aged 109 years 97 days, followed by her daughter aged 89, her granddaughter aged 70, her great granddaughter aged 52, her greatgreat granddaughter aged 33 and her greatgreatgreat granddaughter aged 15 on the birth of her greatgreatgreatgreat grandson on January 21, 1989‛．〃Most Tshirts worn at onceBelieve it or not, there is a record also for this category. Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22, 2010 for wearing 245 Tshirts at the same time. The man from Croatia was officially recognized as the new record holder by Guinness World R ecords after he managed to put on 245 different Tshirts in less than two hours. The Tshirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around Tshirt No.120. He dethroned(罢黜)the Swedish Guinness record holder who wore 238 Tshirts.〃Heaviest pumpkin(南瓜)Guinness World Records confirmed on October 9，2010 that a gigantic pumpkin grown in Wisconcin was officially the world's heaviest. It weighed 1，810 pounds 8 ounces and was unveiled by Chris Stevens at the Stillwater Harvest Festival in Minnesota. Stevens' pumpkin was 85 pounds heavier than the previous record, another huge pumpkin grown in Ohio. The proud farmer said his secret is a precise mixture of rain, cow waste, good soil, sea grass and fish emulsion. Some of the world's heaviest pumpkins, including the record holder, were on public display at the Bronx Botanical Gardens in New York for a dozen days.1. Why is Kenichi Ito described as a man with a ‚super power‛？A．He set a good example to all Japanese.B．He made record attempts in 15 different countries.C．He set a new record for ‚Fastest 100 m running on all fours‛．D．He participated in the 2008 Guinness World Records Day activities.2．Jeffries is the name of________．A．the owner of the dog with the longest earsB．the grandfather of the dog with the longest earsC．the present holder of the record for ‚Lo ngest ears on a dog‛D．the former holder of the record for ‚Longest ears on a dog‛3．How many Tshirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on?A．68. B．120.C．238. D．245.4．According to the given information，which Guinness World Record was most recently set?A．The record for ‚Most people inside a soap bubble‛．B．The record for ‚Most living generatio ns‛．C．The record for ‚Most Tshirts worn at once‛．D．The record for ‚Heaviest pumpkin‛．专项限时训练(二十七)一、主旨大意1．C 主旨大意题。
高三英语二轮复习阅读题专题--主旨大意题学案设计
A. Its moving speedB. Its appearanceC. Its installationD. Its safety
Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain(保持)a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins(内啡肽), and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone.
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨题小题大做讲义
【高考英语阅读理解主旨题】1.什么是主旨题？主旨大意题说白了就是要求同学们概括文章的主旨或者某个段落的主旨；如果考察某个段落的细节那也是考察文章的主题，因为文章段落也是从属于文章。
2.主旨题的题型分类：①从考察的本质来看，其中分为文章主旨和段落主旨A.文章主旨：要么首段首句或者首段尾句，要么尾段首句或者尾段尾句，要么各个段落段首句串联归纳，要么通过串联题干进行归纳（这是最直接的方法）B.段落主旨：要么从对应段落的段首句，要么从对应段落的段末句，要么通过上面提及的串联题干的方法，最后一招就是从文章的感情色彩进行判断（这是一种冒险的方法，慎用！）②从考察的形式来看，其中分为主旨类题目，写作目的类，标题归纳类A.主旨类题目。
一般情况下信号词里面有mainly about/discuss, mainly/chiefly/primarily concerned with,main /best ideaB.写作目的类题目。
一般情况下信号词里面有main purpose, is meant to,intends toC.标题归纳类题目。
一般情况下信号词里面有the best title3.主旨题解题方法论（1）段落主旨：（2）文章主旨：（3）标题归纳类【高考英语阅读理解主旨题小题大做】（1）篇章主旨题1.解题技法：①关键位置突破法：A.题干：我们可以把题干串联然后归纳主题词B.首段：我们可以通过首段的行文逻辑找出段落主题句，比如说首段首句是一个疑问句，然后后面是一个陈述句，那么这个句子极大可能是个主题句C.各段段首句：我们可以通过圈画各个段落的段首句的关键词，然后串联起来，提取主题词或者文章主旨句D.末段：同样地，我们可以通过末段的行文逻辑找出主题句，一般情况下在末段的文章主旨句都会带有信号词，比如说：in fact, after a while, consequently,last but not the least, what’s more, as a result,to conclude, in a conclusion等等总结性词汇②行文逻辑推导法：A.转折：一般情况下转折的行文逻辑带有信号词：however,but,instead, by contrast, paratively, as a matter of fact, actuallyB.因果：一般情况下因果关系的行文逻辑带有信号词therefore, thus, in short, conclude,to be a conclusion, as a result, particularly③词汇复现推导法。
+阅读理解之主旨大意学案+2023届高考英语二轮专题
专题1 阅读理解之主旨大意题主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
主旨大意题分为标题类和主题类。
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类，即段落大意题、文章大意题和标题归纳题。
类型一段落大意题一、常见设问方式·What does the author tell us in Paragraph ...?·The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________.·The first paragraph is mainly about ________.·Which of the following can best summarize Para.1?·What is the first paragraph mainly about?二、解题必备知能归纳段落大意的2种方法方法1：概括段落大意要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。
(1)如果该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；(2)如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；(3)如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；(4)如果按总分总的顺序，段落结构相对难度较低，我们可以很明显的看到一段的首句和末句的内容几乎完全一致，正确答案就呼之欲出了；(5)如果按并列式行文，这种结构的段落一般会在一段中讨论两个平行的内容，整个段落可以从中间处分开，前后是平行关系，这样的段落结构对应的答案通常也会是很明显的并列关系；(6)如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
2023届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解分类解析之主旨大意题课件
A. Fans’ support counts in sports. B. The World Cup is worth attending. C. Sports bring the world together. D. Sports are about cultural exchange.
... What I love about the World Cup is that it provides a chance for people to learn about other countries and cultures. People learn about the countries of the teams they support and about their opponents’ history and culture. Soccer is a game that not only gives people the chance to learn about each other but also has the potential to unite people. Sports can be a dividing force, but the true spirit of sports is about unity and fun. The matches at this World Cup have been exactly that so far, and I hope it remains so.
阅读理解解题技巧
考点一： 主旨大意题
1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式 The main idea of the passage is … The passage is mainly about … What is the passage mainly about? 2) 标题/主题类主旨大意题 What is the best title for the text? The best title for the passage might be …
专题 阅读理解主旨大意题---2023年高考英语二轮复习专题
recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
2023届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件
As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother?” “To your mother?” the man was a little puzzled but didn’t say anything. She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟).
What is the story mainly about?
主旨大意
考查学生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理 解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意 的能力以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能 力。
干扰项
1. 以偏概全 2. 概括过度idea of the passage is … • The passage is mainly about … • What is the passage mainly about? • Which of the following statements best expresses the main
无明显主题句 高频词 文章中心要素--全面
解题方法
3) 目的类
主旨推 断法
文体推 断法
解题方法
3) 目的类 文体推断法
1.记叙文 ---- tell a story or lessen; entertain readers; share an experience;show sth
2. 说明文 、 新闻 ---- inform; introduce 3. 议论文 ---- argue; persuade; 4. 应用文 ---- provide some information
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
2021届高考英语二轮复习备考专项冲刺专题17阅读理解二含解
学习资料专题17 【阅读理解】解题指导·触类旁通寻方法，求策略,掌握“套路”二．做出推理和判断—推理判断题阅读理解【推理判断题】满分攻略命题规律考查内容→阅读材料中没有直接表达出来的内容，需要根据文章已有考查内容的信息，通过逻辑关系进行推敲。
正确选项特点→①原文同义替代。
②段落主题或句群的论点。
③由构成对比的一方推断出另一方。
干扰项特点→①似是而非→ A.对文章信息的简单陈述，而不是推出的结论。
B.推理一部分正确，一部分错误.②夸大事实③推理过度，常出现only,all，always等绝对化的词汇。
1.细节推断题答题技巧→题干设置→常含有infer，conclude，indicate,suggest.①根据题干或选项定位原文，常用一些形容词、副词和不定式意义的动词来表达，如possible,impossible,seem, strange等。
把握作者写作思路，理清文章时间发展过程、因果关系、对比关系等、尤其要重视文章最后一段内容和文末的几句话。
考点突破·针对提能明考点，攻重难，有效提升熟记高频词→ 突破阅读理解词汇障碍高考英语考前必背570个高频词第七组第八组181. subsequent adj. 随后的；后来的182. virtue n. 美德;优点183. virtual adj。
事实上的；虚拟的184. orient n。
东方 vt。
使适应185。
portion n。
一部分186. target n. 目标;靶子 vt。
瞄准187。
portable adj. 手提式的188. decline v. 拒绝;谢绝；下降189. illusion n. 错觉190。
likelihood n。
可能；可能性191。
stripe n。
条纹192. emphasize vt. 强调；着重193. emotion n。
情感；感情194. emotional adj. 感情的；情绪（上）的195. awful adj。
超实用高考英语复习：高考二轮复习阅读理解专题之主旨大意课件
应用文
32.段落主旨
说明文
31.文章主旨
记叙文
15.文章标题
议论文
35.文章标题
说明文
全国乙（II）
阅读理解专题之主旨大意题(2023.5.12公开课)课件高考英语二轮专题复习
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说明文之研究报告类解题思路：__抓__研___究__结__果___，__通__常___在__第__一___段__呈__现_______________