浪漫主义时期的美国文学 课件
美国文学之浪漫主义文学PPT学习教案
Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists, there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ---Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Walt Whitman---whose novels and poetry
i830s roughly粗糙地；概略地 until the end of the American
Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the
left a permanent imprint印记；痕迹 on American literature.
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Its social historical and cultural background
The development of the American society nurtured养育；鼓励；培 植 "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically, economically and culturally independent country. Historically, it was the time of westward expansion in America; economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation; Politically, democracy and equality became the ideal of the new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government, the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression, to make known its new experience that other nations did not have: the early Puritan settlement, the confrontation with the Indians, the frontiersmen's life, and the wild west. Besides, the nation's literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as well. Thus, with a strong sense of optimism, a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first half of the 19th century.
美国文学 ppt课件
• Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.
• Religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a
wrathful GodOf Plymouth Plantation
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Anne Bradstreet (安妮·布拉 德斯特里特) (1612-1672)
the first American woman poet
a Puritan poet, once called “Tenth Muse”
• The spiritual life in the colonies during that period was molded by the bourgeois Enlightenment.
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2. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790):
• The Autobiography • Poor Richard’s Almanack
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
General History of Virginia《弗吉尼亚通史》 （1642）
• Pocahontas
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William Bradford (1590-1657)
• Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
• The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made artists self-conscious about American subjects.
美国文学课件
第一讲美国文化的背景与特征一、美国文化背景概观1、荒野里诞生的国度开拓型文化对于美国民族精神的塑造大有裨益：（1）有利于培植个人主义价值观（2）有利于造就美利坚民族的乐观精神（3）有利于培养创新精神2、清教传统美国主流文化：白人盎格鲁-撒克逊新教文化清教（Puritanism）是新教的一个支派清教主义的信念：（1）上帝具有万能的力量（2）每个人凭借对上帝的信仰就可以成为上帝的选民（3）相信原罪说，注重反省自身（4）只有辛勤劳动，勤俭节约，取得事业成功，才能完成上帝赋予自己的使命清教对美国社会发展具有重要作用:（1）造就了精打细算、兢兢业业的作风和追求财富的动力（2）养成了开发新疆土、征服大自然的冒险精神（3）具有社会凝聚力，产生了一种新的民族认同3、多元开放的移民社会移民社会与美国文化的发展：（1）早期移民给新大陆的政治生活注入了民主的气氛（2）美国没有经历过封建社会阶段，商业的迅速发展对美国人的价值取向、国民心态产生了深远的影响（3）多元、开放性使美国文化充满生机与活力二、美国文化的特征1、核心价值观——个人主义（1）“个人主义”的含义：指西方从文艺复兴以来随着资本主义反对封建压迫和神权统治斗争的发展而形成的以个人为中心的思想，其主要内容是相信每个人都具有价格，高度重视个人自由（2）个人主义和利己主义的区别与联系: 个人主义强调个人的独立性，创造性，个人的个性发展。
利己主义把个人的特殊利益凌驾于他人，社会公共利益之上，是违背功德的极端个人主义。
（3）美国个人主义的起源:清教传统是主要根源。
在拓荒中以自给自足方式生存使个人主义成为信仰和民族精神。
政治家，思想家的理论阐述时个人主义成为美国文化的主要信条。
爱默生强调个人精神的重要性，美国文化要从欧洲独立。
（4）美国个人主义价值观的主要内容A、个人的力量无限: 美国“牛仔精神”-个人英雄主义B、自主抉择，自力更生C、个人的权利不可侵犯(5) 对美国个人主义价值观的评价（思考）2、冒险、开拓、富有创新精神3、自由、平等精神4、实用主义/功利主义5、物质主义6、种族主义和扩张主义第二讲美国文学的发展阶段一、印第安传统文学二、殖民地时期文学（17世纪初-18世纪中叶）三、启蒙与独立战争时期文学（18世纪中叶-19世纪初）四、浪漫主义时期文学（19世纪上半叶）五、现实主义时期文学（南北战争后-20世纪初）六、现代文学（20世纪上半叶）七、当代文学（二战以后- 今）一、印第安传统文学印第安传统文学的主要特征（1）以口头形式流传（2）常见文学样式：典仪、曲词、神话与传说、史诗等（3）同印第安人生活有着特殊的联系（4）有一些基本相同的主题（5）常运用重复、渐进的手法关于印第安文学，值得研究的问题：1、如何认识印第安传统文学在美国文学整体中的地位？2、印第安传统文学同殖民地时期移民关于印第安人的叙述有何联系？3、印第安传统文学与印第安当代文学之间，有着怎样的延续和继承关系？4、印第安文学与其它弱势文学之间有何关系？《最后的莫希干人》二、殖民地时期文学The colonial period (1607 - 1765)这一时期文学的成就与特点：（1）体裁：主要包括游记、日记、信札、报道、历史、传记和宗教诗歌等，其内容大多表现的是探险者和移民对自己事业的赞颂。
美国文学课件6the literature of the romantic period4教学教材
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------美国文学课件6the literature of the romanticperiod4教学教材Chapter 3 The Literature of the Romantic Period (4) Henry Wadsworth Longfellow The Fireside Poet During the last years of his life, Longfellow received many honors. His poems are not only accessible in their meaning, but they are also highly regular in their form. Longfellow’s themes are nearly indistinguishable from those of his contemporaries in England. (1807-1882) A Psalm of Life It was first published in Voice of the Night in the September edition of New York Monthly in 1839. The poem was written in 1838 when Longfellow was struck with great dismay; his wife died in 1835, and his courtship of a young woman was unrequited. However, despite all the frustrations, Longfellow tried to encourage himself by writing a piece of optimistic work. A Psalm of Life 1 Tell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream! For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem. What The Heart Of The Young Man Said To The Psalmist.A sleeping soul is like being dead, so to be truly alive, a person needs to believe that he/she can achieve his/her dreams.2 Life is real! Life is earnest! And the grave is not its1 / 7goal; Dust thou art, to dust returnest, Was not spoken of the soul. This is from a line in the Bible that talks about ones body being created from dust and returning to dustafter it dies. Longfellow says that this is only the body thesoul lives on. 5 In the worlds broad field of battle, Inthe bivouac of Life, Be not like dumb, driven cattle! Be a hero in the strife! ―Bivouac‖ is a camp. This term is often used in the military. This stanza uses a military metaphorto explain that we are here temporarily like an army set up in tents preparing for battle. We should be brave, not just tryto blend in with the crowd. 6 Trust no Future, howeer pleasant! Let the dead Past bury its dead! Act, act in the living Present! Heart within, and God oerhead! The momentright now is the most important moment. You cant change the past,and you cant trust the future. All you can do is seize this moment, trust your heart, and trust God. 7 Lives of great menall remind us We can make our lives sublime, And, departing, leave behind us Footprints on the sands of time; This stanza contains the poems most famous phrase: footprintson the sands of time. ―Sublime‖ means heavenly. So, Longfellow says that we can leave a mark on the world if we makethe most of our lives.充分利用 8 Footprints, that perhaps---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ another, Sailing oer lifes solemn main, A forlornand shipwrecked brother, Seeing, shall take heart again. Using a different metaphor this time of life as a ship Longfellow says that we may leave a path that someone else canfollow in a time of trouble. 9 Let us, then, be up and doing, With a heart for any fate; Still achieving, still pursuing, Learn to labor and to wait. This last stanza is a rousing quatrain that inspires the reader to work and never stop, prepared to face anything that comes along. Study questions 1.What is the authors attitude towards life and death? 2. Whatdo we learn from the lives of the great? Criticisms on A Psalmof Life One early reviewer wrote in The North American Reviewin 1840 that Longfellows poems ―are filled with solemn pathos, uttered in the most melodious and picturesque language.... [How]rare is it to find poetry to compare with [‗A Psalm of Life].‖Edgar Allan Poe, writing in Grahams Magazine, condemned Longfellow for making ―didacticism ... the prevalent tone ofhis song.‖ Works Voices of the Night 1839 《夜籁集》Ballads and Other Poems 1841《歌谣及其他》 Evangeline 1847 《伊凡吉林》 Hiawatha 《海华沙之歌》 Tales of a WaysideInn 1863, 1872, 1873 《路边酒肆的故事》 Belfry of Bruges3 / 7and Other Poems 1845 《布鲁茨的钟楼及其他》 A Psalm of Life 1838 《人生礼赞》人生礼赞年轻人对诗人的心语 1 莫用哀伤的诗句告诉我：人生虚幻本是梦！沉睡的性灵无异于死亡事物又怎会表里恒常。
美国文学课件7The Literature of the Romantic Period5
– Benjamin F. Newton, a law student in her father’ office
– Reverend Charles Wadsworth, the image of a “lover”
– This blend of imagination and empathy 移情作用is at the heart of this poem.
• In the opening lines of Song of Myself
I ce/lebrate/ myself,/ and sing/ myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.
– To infer or guess
Because I Could Not Stop For Death
Emily Dickinson
What happens in each stanza?
Stanza 1 • Because I could not stop for Death —
He kindly stopped for me — The Carriage held but just Ourselves — And Immortality.
Death”
1. Free verse and Whitman
• Free verse (自由体诗) refers to poetry that does not follow standard or regularized meter (the organization of stressed and unstressed syllables) or rhyme scheme.
《美国文学》教学课件 American Romanticism
Gothic novel
Gothic novel emphasizes the grotesque mysterious and desolate. It is an ancestor of the modern mystery story , fantasy, and science fiction.
Ideology: Nationalism Patriotism Optimism Puritanism
Foreign influences
Sir Walter Scott,
with his border tales, helped toward the development of American Indian romance and the romantic description of landscape in America literature. ( Cooper )
-----William Wordsworth
2. The Characteristics of American Romanticism.
1) .Early American romantics often modeled their writing on Europe works.
2). The subjects of American Romantic authors were often national ideals of individualism ,democracy ,history and frontier life of the new nation.
--- Robert Burns
I wandered lonely as a cloud
欧美浪漫主义文学.PPT20页
23、一切节省，归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰，决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
25、学习是劳动，是充满思想的劳动。——乌申斯基
谢谢！
欧美浪漫主义文学.
36、“不可能”这个字(法语是一个字 )，只 在愚人 的字典 中找得 到。--拿 破仑。 37、不要生气要争气，不要看破要突 破，不 要嫉妒 要欣赏 ，不要 托延要 积极， 不要心 动要行 动。 38、勤奋，机会，乐观是成功的三要 素。(注 意：传 统观念 认为勤 奋和机 会是成 功的要 素，但 是经过 统计学 和成功 人士的 分析得 出，乐 观是成 功的第 三要素 。
美国文学ppt课件
histories, travel accounts, diaries,
biographies, letters, autobiographies, sermons,
and poems.
Wor
5
Major writers:
Captain John Smith （约翰·史密斯）
? the first American
? The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with American Romanticism.
? As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent
Politics dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing.
The crisis in American life carried by the Revolution made
artists self-conscious about American subjects.
?“Poet of the American
Revolution”
?“Father of American
Poetry”
?“Pioneer of the New
Romanticism”
?“A gifted and versatile lyric
Wor
poet”
? “The Rising Glory of America” (1772)