江苏专版 2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题四任务型阅专题限时检测二十六任务型阅读三
专题限时检测(二十六) 任务型阅读(三)(限时24分钟)A(2017·苏、锡、常、镇高三三模)Molecules (分子) found on phonesreveal lifestyle secretsWhat does your phone say about you? Molecules found on mobile phones reveal an astonishing amount of information about the owner's health and lifestyle —including their food preferences and medication.Californian scientists found traces of everything from caffeine and spices to skin creams and antidepressants (抗抑郁药物) on 40 phones they tested. We leave traces of molecules, chemicals and bacteria on everything we touch. Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent the transfer to everyday objects, the researchers said. Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定), the University of California, San Diego research team tested 500 samples taken from 40 adults' mobile phones and hands. They then compared them with molecules identified in a database and produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.Dr Amina Bouslimani, an assistant project scientist on the study, said the results were revealing. “By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones, we could tell if a person is likely to be female, uses highend cosmetics (化妆品), dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer to wine, likes spicy food, is being treated for depression, wears sunscreen and bug spray — and therefore likely to spend a lot of time outdoors — all kinds of things，” she said.Most of the molecules are thought to be transferred from people's skin, hands and sweat to their phone. Mosquito repellents (驱蚊剂) and sunscreens were found to stay for a particularly long time on people's skin and phones, even when they had not been used for months. Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.The study said the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints. It could also check if patients were taking their medication. Besides, it could provide useful information about a person's exposure to pollution.The researchers now want to find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin — and what they reveal about us. Senior author Prof PieterDorrestein said there were at least 1,000 different microbes living on the average person's skin, in hundreds of locations on the body.Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifestyle secretsResearch result Your mobile phones convey a large amount of information on your personal health and lifestyle.(1)______ research People who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.Research (2)______ ● Molecules, chemicals and bacteria can be traced on mobile phones (3)________the habit of washing hands thoroughly.●With the help of a(n) (4) ________， researchers tested 500 samples from 40 phones.●(5)________ the samples with molecules identified in a database, scientists produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.●Based on the (6)________ of the molecules, scientists could tell a person's gender, habits, hobbies, etc.Practical application ●The testing method can tell an object's owner's (7)________ in the absence of fingerprints.●Information about a person's medication can be checked.●How much a person is (8) ________to pollution can be traced.(9)______ research The researchers want to have a better (10) ________of bacteria covering our skin.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。
研究发现，手机上的分子会泄露有关其主人的健康和生活方式方面的信息。
1．Previous 信息概括题。
根据表格右栏的内容及第四段最后一句“Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days ... on their skin.”可知，此处讲的是先前的研究成果。
2．details/information 信息概括题。
根据第二、三段的内容及表格右栏中的信息可知，此处介绍的是研究的具体情况/信息。
3．despite 信息转换题。
根据第二段中的“...Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent ...”可知，即使你有彻底洗手的习惯，手机上也会留下分子、化学品和细菌的痕迹。
4．technique 直接信息题。
根据第二段中的“Using a technique called massspectrometry (光谱测定)”可知，研究人员使用了一种被称作光谱测定法的技术。
5．Comparing 信息转换题。
根据第二段最后一句话中的“They then compared them with molecules identified in a database”可知，研究人员将收集的样本与他们在数据库中找到的分子进行了比较。
6．analysis/analyses 信息转换题。
根据第三段第二句话中的“By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones ...”可知，根据对分子的研究分析，研究人员可以辨别一个人的性别、习惯、爱好等。
7．identity/identification 信息转换题。
根据第五段第一句话中的“the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints”可知，即使没有指纹，这种测验方式也可以识别出物体的主人的身份。
8．exposed 信息转换题。
根据第五段最后一句话中的“...about a person's exposure to pollution”可知，这种测验方式能提供有关一个人接触污染的程度的信息。
（江苏专版）2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题一语法专..
1专题限时检测(五) 非谓语动词(共3组，限时20分钟分钟) )[模拟题组一模拟题组一]] 1．(2017·南通市高三一模．(2017·南通市高三一模) )—Mr White, do you have anything________？ —No, nothing. You can take a rest now.A ．type typeB ．typedC ．to typeD ．to be typed解析：选D D 句意：句意：“怀特先生，你有东西要打印吗？”“没有，你现在可以休息一下。
”根据句意可知“东西”是即将被打印，所以用不定式的被动形式作定语。
根据句意可知“东西”是即将被打印，所以用不定式的被动形式作定语。
2．(2017·南通、泰州、扬州高三一模．(2017·南通、泰州、扬州高三一模) Most of the money for the reconstruction ) Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake s tricken town has been allocated by the government, the rest________from the coming charity concerts.A ．to be collectedB ．having been collectedC ．being collectedD ．to have been collected解析：选A A 句意：地震城镇重建的款项大多数已由政府分配，其余的将通过音乐会筹句意：地震城镇重建的款项大多数已由政府分配，其余的将通过音乐会筹集。
由“the coming c harity concerts”可知表示将来。
charity concerts”可知表示将来。
the rest 与collect 之间是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式表示将来。
2018版高考英语二轮江苏专用课件：第1部分 专题4 任务型阅读 精品
2．阅读表格的关注点 (1)要特别注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表 格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意、了解表格结构和题目的设置。 (2)另外，要关注各段的大意，理解文章的结构和层次关系，把握文章的脉络 和行文线索。
第二步：略读文章——速读全文，把握大意，理清文章结构 理清表格结构之后，结合表格框架结构速读全文，尤其是每段的第一句话， 即 topic sentence 和首尾段落，理清文章的写作思路和基本结构，以便加深对 文章内容的了解。同时文章的结构往往也是很重要的设题线索。表格项目一 般就是根据文章的结构而设计的。只有读懂了文章，才能顺利地在表格中填 出相应的信息。
【答案】 old/older
[点拨] 第一步：根据题干中的 China needs，economic growth 等关键词，定 位到第三段。 第二步：young work force is likely to occur in China”可知，中国的青壮年劳动力可能会大幅度减少，即劳动力老龄 化。 第三步：结合题干的句子结构可以确定答案。
•The(71)________ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.
【答案】 Internet
[点拨] 第一步：根据题干中的“can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies”可以定位到第一段。 第二步：根据第一段的内容，特别是“Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face，and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可以确定“互联网正在扩大我自己的社会修复 系统的范围”，就像假肢能弥补身体的缺陷一样。 第三步：确定答案。
江苏专版2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题二完形填空专题限时检测十二完形填空之夹叙夹议文体一
专题限时检测(十二) 完形填空之夹叙夹议文体(一)(共3篇，每篇限时18分钟)A(2017·南通市高三三模)My brother had distrusted my driving skill since the day I smashed his car against a wooden pole at the garage of our small compound. “You are too __1__！” he said sharply. I could offer no __2__ at the moment, although any expert could have made the same silly mistake —trust me. At first, I was quite __3__ in myself for having damaged the new car. I found myself building a story in my head: It's so __4__.“Why could it have been me in this __5__？”Then I dug a little __6___ to realize why I was feeling so upset. I realized I was making something __7__into a big deal. I was merely building a story that made no __8__ to me at all. I was too __9__ to the current situation. I just taught myself, “I may a s well __10__ this and move on！”__11__ looking at where you are and start looking at what you can be. We are sure to be__12__ when we quarrel with ourselves; it is civil war.Your future depends on many things, but __13__ on you. You may succeed if __14__ else believes in you, but you will never succeed if you don't believe in __15__.A focus on the past causes us to miss opportunities in the __16__.Don't spend half your __17__ telling what you are going to do and the other half explaining why you __18__ do it. Forgive yourself for past __19__ and hurts. Reach out to the wonderful things that lie __20__ of you. A man is not what he's called;a man is what he responds to.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
(江苏专版)2018年高考英语二轮复习 增分篇 专题巧突破 专题四 任务型阅 专题限时检测(二十
专题限时检测(二十六) 任务型阅读(三)(限时24分钟)A(2017·苏、锡、常、镇高三三模)Molecules (分子) found on phonesreveal lifestyle secretsWhat does your phone say about you? Molecules found on mobile phones reveal an astonishing amount of information about the owner's health and lifestyle —including their food preferences and medication.Californian scientists found traces of everything from caffeine and spices to skin creams and antidepressants (抗抑郁药物) on 40 phones they tested. We leave traces of molecules, chemicals and bacteria on everything we touch. Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent the transfer to everyday objects, the researchers said. Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光谱测定), the University of California, San Diego research team tested 500 samples taken from 40 adults' mobile phones and hands. They then compared them with molecules identified in a database and produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.Dr Amina Bouslimani, an assistant project scientist on the study, said the results were revealing. “By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones, we could tell if a person is likely to be female, uses highend cosmetics (化妆品), dyes her hair, drinks coffee, prefers beer to wine, likes spicy food, is being treated for depression, wears sunscreen and bug spray — and therefore likely to spend a lot of time outdoors — all kinds of things，” she said.Most of the molecules are thought to be transferred from people's skin, hands and sweat to their phone. Mosquito repellents (驱蚊剂) and sunscreens were found to stay for a particularly long time on people's skin and phones, even when they had not been used for months. Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.The study said the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints. It could also check if patients were taking their medication. Besides, it could provide useful information about a person's exposure to pollution.The researchers now want to find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin — and what they reveal about us. Senior author Prof PieterDorrestein said there were at least 1,000 different microbes living on the average person's skin, in hundreds of locations on the body.Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifestyle secretsResearch result Your mobile phones convey a large amount of information on your personal health and lifestyle.(1)______ research People who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin.Research (2)______ ● Molecules, chemicals and bacteria can be traced on mobile phones (3)________the habit of washing hands thoroughly.●With the help of a(n) (4) ________， researchers tested 500 samples from 40 phones.●(5)________ the samples with molecules identified in a database, scientists produced a “lifestyle profile” of each phone owner.●Based on the (6)________ of the molecules, scientists could tell a person's gender, habits, hobbies, etc.Practical application ●The testing method can tell an object's owner's (7)________ in the absence of fingerprints.●Information about a person's medication can be checked.●How much a person is (8) ________to pollution can be traced.(9)______ research The researchers want to have a better (10) ________of bacteria covering our skin.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。
(江苏专版)2018年高考英语二轮复习 增分篇 专题巧突破 专题四 任务型阅 专题限时检测(二十
专题限时检测(二十七) 任务型阅读(四)(限时24分钟)A(2017·苏北四市高三一模)Is Cash Becoming Outdated?When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank, Barkhad Dahir doesn't get out of his car. He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel. With the same quick pushes on his phone, he pays for virtually everything he needs: groceries at the supermarket, a few oranges from a market stall, or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café. “Everyone here has his own bank with easy access，” boasts Mr.Dahir. “Even lying in bed, you can be paying your bills.”Electronic payments offer consumers convenience, provide revenue for banks, credit card companies and payment processors, and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience. “I don't even carry m oney any more，” says Adan Abokor, a democracy activist. “I haven't seen cash for a long time. Almost every merchant, even hawker (小贩) on the street, accepts payment by cellphone. There's no waiting for it and no counting of cash.”The system is impressively simple and secure. Purchases are made by dialing a threedigit number, entering a fourdigit PIN, and then entering the retailer's payment number and the amount of money. Both customers and merchants receive text messages to confirm the payment.Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well. The printing and handling of money is expensive. Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret. Many governments favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens. The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010.However, some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off. Do they choose to barter (物物交换) and rob? Do they sit at home and wait? What happens to people who rely on their cellphones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted? A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to aba ndon currency. “Ironically, the day after the largest bank in Norway, DNB, proposed ending all cash dealings, I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone, I was told thatI needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken，” said an interviewee.Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported.Privacy, security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology. New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable people to remove cash.Is Cash Becoming Outdated？Passage outline Supporting detailsAn example of electronic payments Barkhad Dahir claims that he can almost purchase (1)________ he needs by using his mobile phone.Reasons for the (2)________ for electronicpayments ·They can be more (3)________ without waiting in line or counting the cash, whose characteristics include (4)________ and simplicity.·They reduce the cost of print ing money and allow the government to (5)________ cash activities.Possible(6)________ of electronic payments ·Some people are (7)________ whether electronic payments can still be effective during times when the power goes off.·There are (8)________ tha t electronic payments may create security and fraud risks.·It is possible that electronic dealings can be (9)________ and reported for illegal use.Conclusion Cash is not (10)________ to be completely replaced unless privacy, security and convenience are balanced and settled.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。
2018年高考英语江苏专用考前三个月文档：专题四+任务型阅读+第一步+技法精准剖析
(一)解题步骤与方法1．略读。
快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构，了解文章的框架及各段大意。
2．扫读。
扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，准确定位填空的要求，以便带着问题寻找答案。
3．细读。
深入理解文章内容，分析整合信息，准确表达。
归纳概括，转换信息寻找答案。
4．复查。
通观全篇，复读检查，尤其要注意大小写和拼写。
(二)复习中应注意培养解题能力1．培养词形和词性转换能力。
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空The car rushed down the road at astonishing(astonish) speed.The postal service(serve) here is very unreliable.The exam was relatively(relative) easy.(2)常见的词性转换有：2.培养英语释义与概括能力，如：根据提示用意义相同的词完成各句，每空一词。
The boy felt uncomfortable with his new classmates.(not comfortable)If you ignore your diet，trouble will follow.(pay no attention to)At any rate，the medical supplies will reach you within a week.(things such as food，medicines，etc.that are needed by a group of people)3．培养逆向思维能力。
如：根据提示用意义相反的词完成各句，每空一词。
I am unable to cycle to school because my bicycle is broken.(able)There has been a steady decrease in population in this city.(increase)The rough road made the car vibrate.(smooth)4．培养语篇结构解读能力。
(江苏专版)18年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题五书面表达任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(一)
任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(一)(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.任务型阅读(2017·南通市高三第一次调研测试)Following one million middleaged women in Britain for 10 years, a study finds that the widely held view that happiness enhances health and longevity is unfounded.The results come from the socalled Mi llion Women Study, which took on women aged 50 to 69 from 1996 to 2001, and tracked them with questionnaires and official records of death and hospital admissions. The questionnaires asked how often the women felt happy, in control, relaxed and stressed, and also instructed them to rate their health and list ailments like high blood pressure, diabetes, depression or anxiety.When the answers were analyzed statistically, unhappiness and stress were not associated with an increased risk of death. It is not clear whether the findings apply to men.Professor Peto said particularly important data came from 500,000 women who reported that they were in good health, with no history of heart disease, cancer, or stroke. A minority of these healthy women said they were stressed or unhappy, he said, but over the next decade they were no more likely to die than were the women who were generally happy.“This finding refutes (驳斥) the large effects of unhappiness and stress on death rate that others have claimed，” Dr. Peto said. Unhappiness itself may not affect health directly, but it can do harm in other ways, by driving people to suicide, alcoholism or other dangerous behaviors, he warned.This type of study, in which people involved depends on their selfassessments, is not considered as reliable as a designed experiment where people involved are picked at random and assigned to a treatment or control group. But the huge number of people in this study gives it power. Still, some observers noted that measuring emotions is more nuanced (细微的) and complex than simply declaring happiness or unhappiness.“I would have liked to see more discussion of how people translate these complicated feelings into a selfreport of happiness，” said Baruch Fischhoff, a psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University.The results of earlier studies have been mixed, with some finding thatunhappiness causes illness and others showing no link, Dr. Fisch hoff said. “It looks to me like people have collected a lot of data without finding a clear signal，” he said. However, an editorial accompanying the study in The Lancet noted that it had the largest population so far in happiness studies and praised its statistical methods.Professor Peto said he doubted whether the new study would change many minds because beliefs ab out the risks of unhappiness are so rooted. “People are still going to believe that stress causes heart attacks，” he said.Topic Happiness Doesn't (1)________ Bring Good Health(2)________ of the research One million women aged 50 to 69(3)________ of the research ●Track the women with questionna ires.●Keep official records of deaths and hospital admission.●Make statistical (4)________ of the answers.Results of the research ●It lacks basis that unhappy people(5)__________ to suffer mortality more easily.●Unhappiness may (6)________ for some dangerous behaviors.●Whether the conclusion applies to men hasn't been (7)________.(8)________ of the research ●It just depends on how people involved(9)________ themselves.●Measuring emotion is more nuanced and complex.●The results of earlier studi es have been mixed.Significance of the research The largest population were involved. Statistical methods were used.Professor Peto's concern The study can (10)________ change people's minds as the beliefs about the disadvantages of unhappiness are so anchored.语篇解读：本文是说明文。
江苏专版2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题五书面表达任务型阅读与书面表达组合练二
任务型阅读与书面表达组合练(二)(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.任务型阅读(2017·镇江高三一模)Between 1938 and 1942, researchers in Boston were busy getting down to a study of adolescent boys and their family relationships. Some 60 years later, different researchers followed up with the participants and found that those raised in warmer family environments were more securely attached to their partners in the later years of life.In a study published last week in PsychologicalScience, coauthors Robert Waldinger, a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School, and Marc Schulz, a psychologist at Bryn Mawr College, combined many decades of data previously gathered on a group of men with data they recently collected on the same men to offer unique longterm thinking on the connection between early childhood environment, how men regulate emotions in middle age and the security of their attachments in close relationships late in life.Security of attachment, a concept that first appeared in the 1960s, is the idea that because we are helpless for large portions of our childhood and old age we need to be good at forming attachments with others and keeping them around to take care of us. “Each person has certain people who are their main attachment figures，” Waldinger says —in other words, the person you would “call i n the middle of the night if you were terrified and needed someone to come over”．We start forming attachments at a very young age and continue to do so throughout our lives.Waldinger and Schulz determined that regardless of socioeconomic standing the men raised in warmer family environments used more adaptive strategies to manage their negative emotions in midlife, and were also more securely attached to their partners late in life. These results suggest our childhood environment affects our relationships not only into adulthood but for the rest of our lives.For Schulz, the findings highlight the need for services such as family leave that support parents and allow them to create better family environments. He also stresses the importance of good social services that can get involved when children end up in po or or unsafe family settings. “Kids may not remember specific events, particularly early in their lifetimes，” Schulz says. “But the accumulation of loving, nurturing family environments really has an impact over along period of time.”Waldinger and Schulz also emphasize that there are many ways to overcome having a lessthanidyllic childhood, such as actively working on developing warmer, healthier relationships as an adult or learning how to use more adaptive strategies to deal with negative emotions.Chris Fraley, a psychologist at the University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign who studies attachment but was not involved in the present study, was surprised by the results. “There are so many ways in which people's lives can evolve across time，” such as financial hardships, illness, divorce or occupational uncertainty, he wrote in an email, adding, “The fact that the authors found such an association is remarkable, and raises a number of questions about the factors that explain why it exists.” Fraley pointed out, however, that the study is small, a limitation the researchers themselves acknowledge. He also cautioned that an association between early childhood experiences and attachment later in life doesn't necessarily mean the former causes the latter.Still, the best option is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life, Waldinger says. “The bottom line is that how we take care of children is just so vitally important. And protecting their development is essential for lifelong wellbeing.”●Good social services can get involved when children end up in poor or unsafe family settings.●(6)________ the fact that kids may not remember specific events, particularly early in their lifetimes, the accumulation of loving, nurturing family environments really makes a(7)________ to our relationships over a long period of time.●There are many ways to overcome having a lessthanidyllic childhood, learning how to use more adaptive strategies to deal with negative emotions included.Chris Fraley's opinion ●The fact of finding such an association is remarkable, and raises many questions about the factors which explain the reason for its (8)________．●An (9)________ between early childhood experiences and attachment doesn't necessarily mean attachment later in life.Conclusion (10)________ options we make, the best one is to provide kids witha warm family environment early in life.语篇解读：本文是说明文。
(江苏专版)2018年高考英语二轮复习 增分篇 专题巧突破 专题三 阅读理解 专题限时检测(十八
专题限时检测(十八) 阅读理解推理判断类之写作意图题(加★的为写作意图题，本卷限时24分钟)A(2017·镇江市高三期中考试)The biggest “civil war” of summer in the US was supposed to be Captain America and Iron Man facing off. But in the past few months, battle lines have been drawn all over pop culture, mostly on the Internet.There have been arguments about DC Comics movies vs Marvel Comics ones, US singer Kanye West and his wife Kim Kardashian vs US singer Taylor Swift. Fans of the superhero movie Suicide Squad vs those who disliked it.“What I see right now i s the whole world seems to be going to hell in a handbasket, and that's creating a lot of tension and anger, and so as a result, people become negative and aggressive，” says Devin Faraci, editor in chief of a film site. It's not so much that people hate things as that they are defending what they like, thinks Mike Ryan, senior entertainment writer for Uproxx website. According to Ryan, the negativity gets into everything — even fans' favorite comic book characters. “People cheer for DC Comics or Marvel Comics like they cheer for their favorite team，” Ryan said.Being very interested in music, TV and movies isn't always a bad thing, according to David Schmid. For example, the discussions about director Paul Feig's remake of Ghostbusters with female stars “enabled a larger conversation to take place about the role of women in su perhero movies and in movies in general”. When the movie opened, Feig acknowledged both sides, tweeting, “It's been quite a ride. Supporters, you rock. Haters, I've heard you all. Now let's all just have fun. We need it.”Trolls (恶意挑衅的帖子) are a major part of social networking websites, which have removed age boundaries, according to Devin Faraci. A 14yearold could be arguing with an adult on the Internet, and the adult would never know it. Grownups are getting involved, too. For example, there has been a fight between Kanye West's and Taylor Swift's teams. “If famous people are constantly taking the negative path, it can feel like the way things are done，” said Kate Erbland, film editor at IndieWire website.So is it fix able? Erbland offered a threestep process：“Better movies, better discussion and maybe less time on social media.” But Faraci argued that if people just realized they were actually talking to other people on social media, they might not be so unkind. “We'r e talking to a real human being who ... is living an actuallife outside of his or her opinion on Suicide Squad，” he said.语篇解读：流行文化往往会引起人们观点上的冲突，越来越多的人通过社交平台来捍卫自己的观点，批评他人的观点。
江苏专版2018年高考英语二轮复习增分篇专题巧突破专题四任务型阅专题限时检测二十五任务型阅读二
专题限时检测(二十五) 任务型阅读(二)(限时24分钟)A(2017·南京、盐城高三一模) Until about 18 years ago, it was widely assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life. But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to new ones. It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don't have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment. We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developing teenage brain.Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development. During the first few months or years of life, an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli (听觉刺激) for the associated brain cells and connections to develop. In this way, neuronal circuitry (神经元回路) is shaped according to the environment during “sensitive periods” of brain development. This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions. What about later development of higherlevel brain regio ns, which are involved in decisionmaking, control and planning, as well as social understanding and selfawareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concern us.There's a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games. But maybe all this worry is misplaced. After all, throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation. When the printing press was invented, there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people's minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television. Maybe we shouldn't be worried at all. It's possible that the developing brains of today's teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, creative, multitasking brains that have ever existed. There is evidence —from adults —that playing video games improves a range of cognitivefunctions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain. We don't know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the world's teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health, population growth rates, child mortality rates, HIV rates as well as for women's selfesteem and quality of life. Adolescence represents a time of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world's teenagers access to education.education on the developing brains.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项新的发现：人的大脑在青春期及以后会继续发育、成长。