动词不定式的被动式
详解动词不定式的五种
详解动词不定式的五种“式”不定式根据其发生的时间不同以及所处的状语的不同，可以有一般式、完成式、进行式、完成进行式，同时根据它与逻辑主语的关系的不同，可以有主动式和被动式。
如下表：一、不定式一般式的用法1. 表示未发生的动作即表示发生在谓语动作之后的动作。
如：I expect him to arrive tomorrow. 我预计他明天到达。
I hope to catch an early train. 我希望赶上早班火车。
The doctor advised me to take a complete rest. 医生建议我完全休息。
2. 表示同时发生的动作即表示与谓语动作同时发生或略先于谓语动作的动作。
如：Who heard him say that? 是谁听到他这样说的？(say与heard几乎同时发生)I’m sorry to hear that. 听到这事我很难过。
(to hear 略先于am sorry)3. 表示一般情况即看不出动作的先后关系，而是表示一种情况或现象。
如：Washing the car seems to be your main hobby. 擦洗汽车似乎是你的主要爱好。
None of her many lovers seemed to want to marry her. 在她的许多情人中似乎没有一个愿意娶她的。
二、不定式进行式的用法1. 表示同时进行即表示与谓语动作同时发生且正在进行的动作。
如：He seems to be following us. 他似乎在跟着我们。
He pretended to be looking for a book. 他假装在找书。
I happened to be looking out of the window when they arrived. 他们到达时我碰巧正向窗外望去。
2. 表示将来正如可用进行时态表示将来意义一样，不定式的进行式有时也可表示将来。
动词不定式的不同形式(以do为例)解析
• 作主语的不定式:
1.To tell a lie is wrong. (It is wrong to tell a lie.)
2.To be invited here is an honour. (It is an honour to be invited here.) 3. It is impossible for him to master the art of speaking. 5.It was brave of her to save the pupils. (=She was brave to save the pupils.)
• 动词+ 疑问词+to 不定式 ( decide; learn ; remember; forget ,know， understand, wonder …) • I don’t know what to say. • Many teachers have learned how to drive.
.动词+ 形式宾语 + 补足语+ 不定式 V+ it + adj./n. + to do （feel, find, make, think, consider ） 1. I think it better to start off early. 2. People find it very necessary to have sports often. 3. We consider it important to learn English well. I feel it my duty to help you with your studies. She made it a rule to get up at five
动词不定式主动表被动用法归纳
动词不定式有两种被动式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do 的被动式有to be done, to have beendone 。
只有及物动词和相当于及物动词的短语才有不定式的被动式。
一般说来, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时, 该不定式要用被动式。
例如: He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那个工厂工作。
These books are not allowed to be taken out ofthe room. 这些书不许带出室外。
但在某些情况下, 不定式虽然表示被动意思,用的却是主动形式。
常见的有下列几种情况:一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义。
1) have( give, show )sth. to do 在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。
例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do 与things 是动宾关系, 与I 是主谓关系。
否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。
试比较:Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗?( to do 是由you 发出的)Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的xx 吗? (谁带不得而知)再如:Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。
He'll show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。
2) It ( This, That )＋be＋a／an＋adj. ＋n. ＋to do在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。
动词不定式的基本用法归纳
动词不定式的基本用法归纳动词不定式的基本用法归纳一、动词不定时的形式肯定式：肯定式：to do sth 否定式：否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：被动式：to be done 完成式：完成式：to have done二、动词不定式的用法1.作主语A. 动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：(1)To see is to believe. (2)To master English gives us much help in the study of sience. B. 不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用作形不定式或不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，构成“ 形容词(+for sb.)不定式” 不定式” 式主语，构成“It is + 形容词不定式结构。
结构。
It is impossible for him to give up smoking.2.作宾语A.动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如 .动词后直接不定式作宾语的动词有许多，want, decide, intend, fail, wish, export, pretend, choose等等。
等等。
等等I mean to go there at once. B.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，不定式短语作宾语时往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用作形式宾语。
句型为“主语+find(feel, think, believe, 宾语。
句型为“主语consider, etc) +it+形容词名词形容词/名词形容词名词+to do sth”。
I think it necessary to report the thing to the teacher. I find it interesting to work with him.C.动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，但仅限于 .动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，介词except和but(除了)。
不定式的被动式的概念
•不定式的被动式的概念：如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式要用被动式。
如：The next thing to be done is to get our classroom pained.•不定式被动式的用法：一、基本形式：不定式被动式的基本形式为to be done；若表示动作先于另一动作之前，则用完成式，即to have been done。
二、用法归纳：不定式被动式在句中可以用作：1、主语：如：It's a great honour to be invited to the banquet. 承蒙邀请赴宴，甚是荣幸。
To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad thing, but a good tiring. 被敌人反对是好事，不是坏事。
It's a pity to be kept in the house in fine weather. 好天气时被留在家里是很遗憾的。
2、表语：如：All this is to be sold. 所有这些都是出售的。
Water must be pure if it is to be drunk. 水如供饮用必须净化。
The switchboard is to be manned at all times. 任何时候电话总机那儿都应有专人在岗负责。
3、宾语：如：She doesn't want to be separated from him. 她不愿和他分开。
He begged to be allowed to return to Brazil. 他恳求允许他返回巴西。
I don't wish to be disturbed in my work. 在工作时我不愿意被人打扰。
They demanded to be shown the authentic documents. 他们要求出示真实可靠的文件。
不定式的被动式
不定式的被动式不定式的被动式(to be done，to have been done)①不定式的被动形式只有一般式(to be done)和完成式(to have been done)两种。
②不定式用主动形式还是被动形式，取决于句子的意义，即意思上为主动就用主动形式，意思上为被动就用被动形式[或者说当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动形式；不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者时，不定式用主动式]。
①We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.(主动式)我们答应在这里见面，但她到现在还没来。
②I am glad to have been given a chance to visit your country.(被动式)我很高兴有机会访问贵国。
③This novel is said to have been translated into English.(被动式)据说，这本小说已经被翻译成了英文。
注意：but后不定式的用法1. cannot (help) but do sth.不得不做=cannot choose but do sth.(不定式省去to)I cannot (help) but admit the truth of your remarks.= I cannot choose but admit the truth of your remarks.2. but (to) do sth. [前有实意do, but后省to。
即but前有实意动词do的某种形式时，but 后的动词不定式可省略to，否则带上to]。
He could do nothing but accept the fact. (前有实意do, but后可省to)= He had no choice but to accept the fact. (前无实意do, but后不省to)【即学即练】一、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳
动词不定式的被动语态要点归纳1. 一般来说，如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，动词不定式用主动式；如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，动词不定式用被动式。
如：He gave orders for the work to be done at once. 他下令那项工作要立刻完成。
（“work”为动词不定式的逻辑主语，“to do”这个动作不是逻辑主语发出的，故动词不定式要用被动式）He ordered us to do the work at once. 他命令我们立刻完成那项工作。
（“us”为动词不定式的逻辑主语，“to do”这个动作是逻辑主语发出的，故动词不定式用主动式）2. 在“主语+ be + 形容词或某些名词+ 动词不定式”结构中，常可看作是省略了动词不定式的逻辑主语for sb 结构，故动词不定式用主动式。
如：The car is difficult (for us) to repair. 这辆汽车很难修理。
The book is great fun (for us) to read. 这本书读起来很有趣。
She is not easy (for us) to get along with. 她不大容易相处。
3. There be 结构后面的动词不定式用主动语态或被动语态均可；有时意义有所不同，应根据特定的语境来确定其形式。
如：There is a lot to do / to be done today. 今天有很多事要做。
There is nothing to do now. 现在没什么事可做。
There is nothing to be done now. 现在没有什么办法。
4. 动词不定式作定语时，如果句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，该动词不定式用主动式。
如：He has two letters to write tonight. 他今晚有两封信要写。
（“He”为动词不定式的逻辑主语）You have given me much to read. 你让我看的东西已经很多了。
动词不定式6种用法
动词不定式6种用法
动词不定式6种用法：
1、不定式的一般式：动词不定式一般式即to+动词原形。
所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，不定时一般式与句子主语、宾语或for sb to do sth。
结构中的介词宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
2、不定式的完成式：即to have+过去分词。
动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语或宾语。
3、不定式的进行式：to be+现在分词。
动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
4、不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not+动词不定式构成。
5、不定式的被动式：当不定时的被动式逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，用不定时的被动形式，即to be done或to have been done。
6、to代替整个不定式：如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，句子后边的不定式应省略动词原形及其后续部分，只保留不定式的符号to。
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被动语态〔一〕
语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
★常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式
★动词不定式的被动式
【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。
1. It's nice to be wanted.
2. The books are to be sent to the young children.
3. She didn't like to be treated as a child.
4. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.
5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves.
6. He didn't want the subject to be mentioned in the letter.
7. Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident.
【自我归纳】
1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动式。
动词
不定式的被动式有两种：①一般式的被动式：to be done〔句1-句6〕；②完成式的被动式：________〔句7〕。
2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语〔句1〕、表语〔句2〕、宾语〔句3〕、
________〔句4〕、状语〔句5〕、宾语补足语〔句6〕、主语补足语〔句7〕。
【自我归纳】to have been done；定语
【即学即练】
I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. We’re having a meeting this afternoon. The decision ________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.
3. My friend didn’t want the subject ________ (mention) in the letter.
4. The machine doesn’t work. It seems ________ (damage).
5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the film star had left. II. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
Although computer-like machines 1. ________ (build) in the 19th century, computers 2. ________ (sell) commercially for the first time in the 1950s, and a lot of progress 3. ________ (make) since then. Computers are now much smaller and more powerful, and they can 4. ________ (buy) much more cheaply.
Computers 5. ________ (use) in many fields — in business, science, medicine and education, for example. The computer’s memory is the place where information 6. ________ (keep) and calculations 7. ________ (do).
Large numbers of home computers 8. ________ (sell) so far. People know more about computers than they used to, and computers are playing a bigger part in our lives.
Progress 9. ________ (make) all the time. Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs
10. ________ (do) by computer-controlled robots.
答案
I. 1. to be made 2. to be seen 3. to be mentioned
4. to have been damaged
5. to be told
II. 1. were built 2. were sold 3. has been made
4. be bought
5. are used / have been used
6. is kept
7. are done
8. have been sold
9. is being made 10. will be done / are done。