动词不定式被动语态讲解
动词不定式的被动语态
省略to的动词不定式在被动语态中如何应用,to该如何还原?
感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed b y.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
带有to的不定式怎样变被动语态?
比如:People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
ought to do中，to do并不是不定式，ought to 应看作一个整体，相当于一个情态动词，所以这个句子变不定式应按情态动词的变法：
can do --> can be done
ought to do --> ought to be done
People oughtn't to criticze her for this matter.
-->
She oughtn't to be criticized (by people) for this matter.。
动词不定式讲解
动词不定式不定式具有动词的性质，在句中有自己的宾语，并可被状语所修饰。
同时还具有名词、形容词、和副词的性质，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等成分。
一作主语1不定式可做主语To hesitate means failure犹豫不决就意味着失败To become a good teacher was my hope.2经常把it放在句首做形式主语，而把真正主语（不定式）放在句末It is very difficult to solve this problem.二作表语不定式可做表语，说明或解释主语的内容Our purpose is to finish the job in the three weeks.三不定式作宾语The children refused to listen to me1有些动词常跟不定式做宾语：agree,decline,refuse,offer,promise,choose,decide,determine,attempt,intend,manage,fail,ask,hope,want,expect,long,wish,tend,desire,seek,claim,pl an,prepare,learn,volunteer,pretend,dare,afford,arrange,beg,demand,happen,bear,hesitate,prefer,strive,threaten等2如果动词后有不定式做宾语而后又跟宾补，这时要用it做形式宾语，而将不定式放到补语后I find it difficult to solve this problem.四不定式作宾补1有些动词后常跟不定式做宾补My parents won’t allow me to stay out late这些动词有：advise,command,force,allow,encourage,instruct,ask,entitle,beg,expect,invite,compel,forbid,like,mean,tempt,oblige,remind,urge,order,want,permi t,wish等2在某些动词短语如rely on,depend on ,wait for等后面，也可跟不定式做补语You can’t depend on him to come punctually.3在think,consider,believe ,find,feel,know,declare,guess,prove,suppose,imagine,judge等词后面，常跟to be+adj/n，但to be常常省略She believes him( to be )honest4hope,demand,suggest等动词后面不可接动词不定式做宾补He hoped his sister to lend him a hand (F)He hoped that his sister would lend him a hand (T)五不定式做定语1不定式用在the first,the second,the last,the next,the only,等短语后面以及形容词最高级修饰的名词后做定语He was the first to arrive2 不定式做定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为动宾关系，如果不定式是不及物动词或不定式本身已有宾语，其后应该有必要的介词。
动词不定式的基本用法归纳
往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式 宾语。句型为“主语+find (make,feel, think, believe, consider, etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。
1.There was nothing to do in the evening but __A___. A.read B.to read C.reading D.is reading
2.There is nothing we can do but wait__D____. A. as calm as possible B. as possible as we can
to ___________ if he wants to win.
句型：think/ consider/believe/ find/make/feel it + adj./n.+ to do
C．动词不定式还可以用作介词宾语，但仅限于介词 except和but（除了）。 1) They did nothing except_______( work). 2) There is no choice but _________( wait).
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作 也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
非谓语动词用法精讲动词不定式与被动语态的用法
非谓语动词用法精讲动词不定式与被动语态的用法动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，可以用来表示动作、状态、目的、结果等，并且在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。
本文将对动词不定式的用法进行精讲，并探讨与被动语态的关系。
一、动词不定式的基本形式动词不定式的基本形式是由“to + 动词原形”构成，如：to eat，to play，to sleep等。
根据句子的需要，动词不定式可以进行时态的变化、情态动词的变化和宾语的变化。
1. 动词不定式的时态变化动词不定式能够表达的时态有现在时、过去时和将来时。
以动词“to study”为例，其时态变化如下：现在时：to study（一般现在时）；to be studying（进行时）；to have studied（完成时）；过去时：to have studied（一般过去时）；to have been studying（过去进行时）；将来时：to be going to study（将来时）；to be about to study（即将发生）。
2. 动词不定式与情态动词的变化情态动词与动词不定式联用时，情态动词的形式保持不变，而动词不定式则仍保持原来的基本形式。
如：I can swim.（我会游泳。
）She must be careful.（她必须小心。
）He should apologize.（他应该道歉。
）3. 动词不定式作宾语动词不定式常常作为动词的宾语，说明动作或状态的对象。
常见的动词有want, hope, decide, plan, try, like等。
如：She wants to learn Chinese.（她想学中文。
）I hope to visit Beijing next year.（我希望明年去北京。
）4. 动词不定式作表语动词不定式还可以作表语，说明主语的身份、职业、爱好等。
如：Her dream is to be a teacher.（她的梦想是成为一名教师。
非谓语动词to do不定式讲解
非谓语动词to do不定式讲解
非谓语动词中的to do不定式是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它表示动作尚未发生或即将发生，具有不确定性。
以下是关于to do不定式的详细讲解：
1. 用法：to do不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，用于表达各种不同的意义和语气。
2. 时态：to do不定式有多种时态形式，包括一般式（to do）、进行式（to be doing）、完成式（to have done）等，根据不同的语境选择不同的时态形式。
3. 语态：to do不定式有被动语态和主动语态两种形式。
被动语态用于表示主语是动作的接受者，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
4. 否定形式：to do不定式的否定形式是在前面加上“not”或者“never”，例如“to not do”或者“never to do”。
5. 独立结构：在某些情况下，to do不定式可以作为独立结构出现，例如“To err is human.（人非圣贤，孰能无过。
）”。
6. 习惯搭配：to do不定式常常与一些固定搭配一起使用，例如“want to do”（想要做）、“plan to do”（计划做）等。
总之，to do不定式是一个非常灵活的非谓语动词形式，在不同的语境中有不同的用法和意义。
通过掌握其基本用法和规则，能够更好地理解和运用这种语言现象，提高英语表达能力。
动词不定式的主动与被动形式
动词不定式的主动与被动形式动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，它由动词原形加上不定式符号“to”构成。
在英语中，动词不定式的形式可以分为主动和被动两种形式，分别用来表示动作的主动或者受动关系。
本文将重点探讨动词不定式的主动与被动形式及其用法。
一、动词不定式的主动形式动词不定式的主动形式表示动作由主语主动完成。
它的一般形式是“to + 动词原形”，例如：1. I want to learn to play the guitar.（我想学弹吉他。
）2. She needs to work hard to achieve her goals.（她需要努力工作以实现她的目标。
）3. They decided to go on a vacation together.（他们决定一起去度假。
）动词不定式的主动形式常常用来表示目的、意图、计划等。
二、动词不定式的被动形式动词不定式的被动形式表示动作的受动关系，即动作的承受者是主语。
在使用被动形式时，需要在“to”之后加上动词的被动形式，即“tobe + 过去分词”，例如：1. She hopes to be invited to the party.（她希望被邀请参加派对。
）2. They want to be recognized for their achievements.（他们希望因他们的成就而受到认可。
）3. He pretended to be surprised when he heard the news.（他假装听到消息后感到惊讶。
）被动形式通常用来表示动作的客观存在、被动接受等。
三、动词不定式主动与被动形式的用法1. 用于目的和意图动词不定式的主动形式常用于表示目的和意图，强调主语的主动性。
例如：- I bought a book to improve my English.（我买了一本书来提高我的英语水平。
）- He practices yoga every day to stay healthy.（他每天练习瑜伽保持健康。
英语中不定式的时态、语态和用法讲解
英语中不定式的时态、语态和用法讲解在谓语以外的句子成分中使用的动词一定要变词形(不能用动词原形)，把动词原形变成不定式、-ing式或者过去分词，所以我们把这三种动词形式称为非谓语动词。
不定式的时态和语态：不定式共有4种时态形式(均是主动语态)，另有2种被动语态形式：不定式的用法：不定式可以充当主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语。
1)作主语To work hard doesn’t necessarily mean getting high grades.下苦功不一定就能获得高分。
For one to do a good deed is very easy.一个人做一件好事很容易。
2)作表语My job is to take care of children.我的工作是照看小孩。
Her plan is to build a highway for the villagers.她的计划是为村民们建一条公路。
3)作宾语不定式作宾语的场合很多，以下是能够带不定式作宾语的动词：ask, want, agreeexpect, like, hatehope, wish, trystart, begin, offerprefer, continue, manageforget, promise, meanintend, attempt, decidedetermine, pretend, learndesire, choose, telladvise, show, discussI asked to be the first volunteer.我要求当第一名志愿者。
Do you want to leave here?你想要离开这里?We all agreed to do the spring cleaning.我们都同意过进行春季大扫除的。
He hopes to be chosen.他希望被选中。
有几十个动词后面不能接不定式作宾语，只能接-ing式，查阅公众号宾语部分。
动词不定式的被动式
被动语态〔一〕语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
★常用的几种时态的被动语态及含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式★动词不定式的被动式【语境展示】观察下面各句中动词不定式的被动式的用法，然后加以总结。
1. It's nice to be wanted.2. The books are to be sent to the young children.3. She didn't like to be treated as a child.4. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be a hard nut to crack.5. They were shipped to America to be sold as slaves.6. He didn't want the subject to be mentioned in the letter.7. Forty-one people are said to have been seriously hurt in the accident.【自我归纳】1. 当动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系时，要用不定式的被动式。
动词不定式的被动式有两种：①一般式的被动式：to be done〔句1-句6〕；②完成式的被动式：________〔句7〕。
2. 动词不定式的被动式在句中可以作主语〔句1〕、表语〔句2〕、宾语〔句3〕、________〔句4〕、状语〔句5〕、宾语补足语〔句6〕、主语补足语〔句7〕。
【自我归纳】to have been done；定语【即学即练】I. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. We’re having a meeting this afternoon. The decision ________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.2. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ (see) whether they will enjoy it.3. My friend didn’t want the subject ________ (mention) in the letter.4. The machine doesn’t work. It seems ________ (damage).5. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ________ (tell) the film star had left. II. 用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。
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Book7 unit2动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done（以the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时：?The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词：The book can/could/may/might…be published.2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.—=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能：1．作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2．作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once."She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5．作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office6．作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）^He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
(多用主动形式)例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done.There is no time to lose /to be lost.译：没有什么可担心的。
________________________________There is nothing to worry about.|注意以下两点：(1)如果不定式结构加了"for sb."表示的逻辑主语时There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us与discuss 主谓关系，用主动to discuss)There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.(the book与publish是动宾关系，用被动to be published)(2)某些动词(do, see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。
比较：There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)·2．在“主语+ be+ adj+ to do”句型中：常见的adj有hard，amusing，interesting， cheap，difficult，dangerous，easy，nice，important，.That question is difficult to answer.He is an impossible person to work with．但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：The handwriting is difficult to be read.★注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。
John is difficult to deal with.分析：_________(动)----________(宾)）译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。
___________________________________?这题目很难算出来。
______________________________________The armchair is comfortable to sit inThe question is difficult to work out3. 当上述第2题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：I found him easy to get along with.They don’t think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to understand.4.在“too—to do; enough…to…”结构中。
如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)．'The house is big enough to live in.（不及物动词要补出相应的介词）但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：This box is too heavy to be lifted.5．在“with+n+to do”结构中。
（和逻辑主语是主动关系）例如：With nothing to do，he lay in bed．With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．6．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如：I have a meeting to attend.。
(to attend与I有主谓关系，即I 是逻辑主语)Give him some books to read. (to read与him有主谓关系，即him 是逻辑主语)如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。
试比较下面两句：~1. Have you anything to do this afternoon2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else)（to take 与you没有主谓关系, 即you不是逻辑主语）练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式1. I have a meeting ______ (attend) today.2. He gave me some books _______(read).3. I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything __________(take) to your parents7．一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。
常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。
例如：The house is to rent. Nobody was to blame for the accident.&但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。
例如：The room is to be rented, not to be sold.。
She is to be praised, not to be blamed.Exercise1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears____ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4. Little Tom should love____ to the theater this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking￥5. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled6. He___ and was made to repeat it.A. didn’t understandB. didn’t be understoodC. wasn’t understandD. wasn’t understood7. The pupils here____ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A. kept busy doingB. keep on doingC. have kept busy doingD. have been kept busy doing语法检测一．根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。