[英语语法手册]代词概说及其用法([] Handbook of English grammar an

[英语语法手册]代词概说及其用法（[] Handbook of English

grammar and usage of pronouns）

[English Grammar Handbook] pronoun

Define a pronoun (pronoun) as a word instead of a noun:

The function of pronouns in sentences

A) and noun, can serve as subject, object and predicative. (b) some pronouns, like adjectives, can be used as attributes. Such as:

A) I, am, reading, The, Arabian, Nights., I'm reading the Arabian nights. (subject)

This, is, John, Smith, speaking. (on the phone), I'm John, Smith. (subject)

Can, I, help, you? Can I help you?

That's all., my words are over. (doing)

(b) His father is an eye-doctor. his father is an eye doctor. (attribute)

All, men, are, equal., all people are equal. (attribute)

3) changes in lattice changes in some pronouns have lattice, such as I I, me I (nominative) (accusative), Who (nominative), who whom who (accusative). There are some pronouns possessive,

such as whose who, other's others, somebody's sb, one's a person.

4) in the form of singular and plural, some pronouns have singular and plural forms. The plural of a pronoun has the same rules as the plural of a noun, such as one-ones, other-others. Others, such as personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, self pronouns and demonstrative pronouns, differ in their plural forms and must be individually remembered.

5) without or without articles, pronouns are not usually used in articles, with only a few exceptions. Such as: the, other, the, others, a, few, a, little and so on.

type

There are several kinds of pronouns in english:

(1) personal pronoun (personal, pronoun)

A): I, he, she., it, we, you, they.

B) Bingel: me, him, her, it, US, you, them.

2) possessive pronoun (possessive, pronoun):

(a) adjective possessive pronouns: my, his, her, its, our, your, their.

(b) nouns, possessive pronouns: mine, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs.

3) self pronouns (self-pronoun),:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, oneself., yourselves, themselves, a.

4) mutual pronouns (reciprocal, pronoun),:each, other, one, another.

5) demonstrative pronouns (demonstrative, pronoun),:this, that, these, those, such, same.

6) interrogative pronouns (interrogative, pronoun),:who, whom, whose, which, what.

7) relational pronouns (relative, pronoun),:who, whom, whose, which, that.

8) indefinite pronouns (indefinite pronoun):some, something, somebody, someone, any, anything, anybody, anyone, no, nothing, nobody, no, one, every, everything, everybody, everyone, each, much, many, little, a, little, few, a, few, other, another, all. None, one, both, either, neither.

The personal pronouns of

The word "I" and "you", "he", "he", "we", "you", "they" and so on, are called personal pronouns.

The use of personal pronouns

1) the usage of personal pronouns in the nominative

一）作主语

我是一个厨师。（炊事员）我们是厨师，

你是一个老师。（教师）你是老师。

他是一个理发师。（理发员）灵敏的理发师。

她是一个护士。（护士）灵敏的护士。

这是一个车。（大车）他们的车。

b）作表语

这是我的。是我。哦，是你。噢，是你。

[注一]第一人称单数人称代词我（我）永远要大写（见上面例句）。[注二]口语习惯上不说是我（他，她等），而说是我（他，她等）。2）人称代词宾格的用法

一）作及物动词的宾语

那只狗咬了他。那只狗咬了他。

我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。这是我的新帽子。您喜欢吗？这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗？

b）作介词的宾语

我哥哥经常给我写信。我弟弟常给我写信。

他们很照顾我们。他们无微不至地照料我们。

3）人称代词的其他用法各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：

一）报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用我们代替我（同样用我们代替我如）：

我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的进步。我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。

我们认为这是今年最好的电影。我们认为这是今年最好的影片。

b）用她来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：

这是东风的图片；她是一个10000吨级的远洋货轮那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片去。

狗摇尾巴的时候，他看到了他的主人。那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。

C）北有时可用来代替小孩（孩子）和婴儿（婴儿）。如：

孩子看到母亲就笑了。小孩见到母亲就笑了。

D）他们可用来代替一般的人，特别在”他们说“中。如：

他们也说今年会是一个好的收成。人们说今年又是个丰收年。

物主代词概说

表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。

物主代词的用法

1）形容词性物主代词用作定语

我喜欢我在医院的工作。我喜欢我在医院的工作。

有多少学生在他（她）的课吗？他（她）班上有多少学生？

我们学校有许多好老师。我们学校有许多好老师。

我看了一部星期六的电影。它的标题是在普莱恩斯游击队。

我上星期六看了一个电影，

Called "guerrilla plain".

2) possessive nouns as subject, object and predicative

A) used as subject:

Our, room, is, on, the, first, floor, and, theirs, is, on, the, second. Our rooms are on the first floor, and their are on the second floor.

Ours, is, a, socialist, country., our country is a socialist

country.

B) used as an object:

I, didn't, borrow, her, dictionary., I, borrowed, his.. I didn't borrow her dictionary. I borrowed it from him.

C is used as the predicative):

Whose pencil is this is hers. It? Who is this pencil?

It's hers.

These, tools, are, ours., these tools are ours.

[note] "of+ noun possessive" and 2.12 "of+ noun possessive" uses exactly the same. Such as:

A friend of mine, a friend of mine. (part of the idea, I mean, I have quite a few friends, he is one of them)

This, lovely, child, of, yours, your lovely child (sentimental)

The pronoun of

A pronoun that indicates a reflex (i.e., an action that is returned to the executor itself) or emphasizes (i.e., a mood used to strengthen a noun or pronoun) is called a pronoun.

The use of self pronouns

1) use the object in the sentence to indicate the action and return to the action executor itself. Such as:

Please help yourself to some lea. of your own tea. (as the object of help)

The girl is too young to look after herself. this girl is too young to take care of herself. (as the object of look after)

He was, always, ready, to, help, others, he, never, himself, thought, of, he always helps others, never thinks of himself. (as the object of thought of)

2) as a noun or pronoun in the sentence, a noun or pronoun used to strengthen the tone of "person" and "I". It can be placed in the sentence after the noun, pronoun, or at the end of the sentence. Such as:

You yourself said so., that's what you said.

The The desk itself is not so heavy. desk itself is not heavy.

I, fixed, the, window, myself., this window is for my own use.

Reciprocal pronoun

Pronouns that refer to each other are called reciprocal pronouns.

The use of reciprocal pronouns

1) as object. Such as:

Do, you, often, see, one, another? Do you see each other often?

New, and, old, students, learn, from, each, other., old and new classmates learn from each other. .

John, and, Tom, helped, each, other., John and Tom help each other.

2) should be used as attributive. Such as:

We, are, interested, in, one, another's, work., we care about each other's work.

The, students, corrected, each, other's, mistakes, homework., in, their, students, errors in each other's homework.

Students, cut, each, other's, hair., students cut each other's hair.

3) each and other can sometimes be used separately. Such as:

Each, tried, to, persuade, the, other, to, stay, at, home.,, each other persuades each other to stay at home.

A demonstrative pronoun

A pronoun indicating the concept of "this", "that", "these", "those" is called demonstrative pronoun.

Demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, same, these, those, those, it, that, this, Such, so, things like that, the same, the same thing.

The functions of demonstrative pronouns this, these, that, and those in sentences

This these that, demonstratives, and those usage in the sentence is equivalent to nouns and adjectives can be used as subject, predicate, object and attribute. Such as:

This, is, a, plane, this is a plane. (subject)

Oh, it's, not, that., oh, the problem is not there. (doing)

How, do, you, like, these? Do you like these?

This, book, is, about, Chinese, traditional, medicine., this is a book about Chinese medicine. (attribute)

Other uses of demonstrative pronouns INS, these, that, and those

1) This (these) is often used to refer to something closer in time or space; that (those) is often used to refer to things that are farther away from time or space. Such as:

This, is, a, sickle, and, that, is, an, axe., this is a sickle, and that is an ax.

These, days, are, cold.. It's cold these days.

In, those, days, the, poor, people, had, a, hard, time., in those days, poor people live a hard life.

2) sometimes that and those refer to the things that have been mentioned before; this and these refer to the things that are going to be discussed. Such as:

I, had, a, bad, cold., That's, why, I, didn't, come.. I have a bad cold, so I didn't come.

The two versions of Those, two, statements, are, not, and true. are untrue.

What, I, want, to, say, is, this:Pronunciation, is, very, English., important, in, learning, all I have to say is that pronunciation is very important in English learning.

Chairman Mao honoured life Lin Hulan these with words: A great A glorious death, Chairman Mao in the following words in recognition of Liu Hulan: "life's great, glorious death!". "

3) sometimes, in order to avoid repeated nouns, that or those is often used instead. Such as:

The climate, of,, Shenyang, is, just, as, good, as, that, of, Beijing.,, the climate is just as good as that in Hong kong. (that instead of climate)

The, county's, grain, output, of, 1981, was, double, that, of, 1970., the county's grain output in 1987 was more than doubled

in 1980. (that instead of grain output)

Television, sets, made, in, Nanjing, are,, just, as, good, as, those, made,, in, Shanghai., TV sets are as good as those in Hong kong. (those instead of television sets)

4) This and that sometimes act as "pragmatic", indicating "degree", which means "so" and "so."". Such as:

The, book, is, about, this, thick., that book is about this thick.

I don't, want, that, much., I don't want so much.

It is also used as demonstrative pronoun when referring to a person. Demonstrative pronoun it does not have to be translated in chinese.

Such as:

Who, is, it -- -- who is it's me.? - it's me.

Oh, it's, you, Lao, Wang., oh, it's you, Lao wang.

Such and same are also demonstrative pronouns, which have the same form of single and plural numbers. They can be used in sentences:

1) attributive

The foreign Visitors said they had never before. seen such

beautiful a city the foreign guests say they have never seen such a beautiful city.

We, are, not, talking, about, the, same, thing., we are not talking about the same thing.

[note] when such is used as an attribute, if the noun is modified, if it has indefinite article, the indefinite article should be placed after Such, such as the first example above.

2) as a noun in the sentence, can serve as subject, object, predicative constituents.

Such, were, his, words., that's what he said. (subject)

The, same, can, be, said, of, the, Other, article., another article is the same. (subject)

Take from, the, drawer, such, as, you, need., you need anything, just take it from the drawer. (as an object)

His, name, and, mine, are, the, same., he and I have the same name. (doing)

[note] before same, the definite article "the" must be used.

The interrogative pronouns of

"Who pronouns (who, nominative), whom (who, whose (who, accusative), genitive), what (what) and which (which, what).

Interrogative pronouns are used in special questions

Interrogative pronouns are usually placed at the beginning of a sentence and used as part of a sentence in a sentence. Such as:

Who, is, going, to, speak, to, US, tomorrow. Who will speak to us tomorrow (who as subject)?

Who, told, you, so? Who told you that? (who as the subject)

Whom, are, you, talking, about? Who are you talking about? (whom is the object, but at the beginning of the sentence, spoken who is often used instead of whom)

Whose, umbrella, is, this? Whose umbrella is this? (whose as an attribute)

What is that? What is that? (what +)

What, did, he, say? What did he say? (what as an object)

Which, is, yours, the, blue, pen, or, the, redone, blue pen and red pen. Which one is yours? (which as the subject)

[notes] for various uses of interrogative pronouns, see 77.70-77.72.

[note two) the interrogative pronouns who, what, which, etc. add the word "ever" to emphasize the mood and express the speaker's feelings. Such as:

What, ever, do, you, want? What exactly do you want?

Who, ever, is, she, looking, for? Who the hell is she looking for?

[note three "]which" indicates a choice within a certain range, and what does not have this restriction. Such as:

What, do, you, usually, have, for, lunch? What do you usually have for lunch?

Which, do, you, like, best? Which one do you like best?

Which of, you, comrades, come, from, the, Northeast,, among you comrades, who is northeast?

The interrogative pronoun can lead to an indirect question

Indirect questions in the sentence can be used as subject, object, predicative. The interrogative pronoun itself also serves as a sentence element in the indirect interrogative sentence. Such as:

Who, will, be, in, charge, of, the, work, is, still, not, decided., who will be in charge of the work?,

It hasn't been decided yet. (interrogative pronoun who guides a subject clause, which in itself is used as the subject in the clause. )

Do you know what his name is? Do you know what his name is? (what an interrogative pronoun object clause, it was used as the predicative. )

A noun clause [note] what guided (i.e. subject clause, object clause, predicative clause) sometimes not indirect questions. Such as:

What, he, says, is, quite, true., what he said is quite right. (what is equivalent to that which. It leads to a subject clause, which is not an indirect question. )

Children, do, what, the, nurse, tells,, them, to, do., the nursery keeper does what children are told to do. (what guides an object clause. This clause is not an indirect question. )

[note two] words such as whatever, whoever, whichever can guide nominal clauses. These noun clauses are not indirect questions. Whatever, whoever, and whichever can also guide adverbial clauses that express concession. See 15.65 and 15.72), for example:

They, eat, whatever, they, can, find., they eat whatever they find. (whatever guides an object clause and takes the object in the clause. )

I've got, plenty, of, 1eft.Whoever, wants, an, extra, books, copy, can, get, one, from, me.. I still have a lot of books left. Who wants another copy?. (whoever) guides a subject clause and takes the subject in the clause. )

Relative pronoun

Two can be used to guide the clause and connect the clauses of the pronoun

Such pronouns, on the one hand, are used as clauses in clauses, and can be used as subjects, objects, attributes, etc. on the other hand, they act as conjunctions. There are two kinds of pronouns: relative pronoun and interrogative pronoun. (about interrogative pronouns, see 4.18)

The relationship of pronouns

The relative pronouns are who, whose, whom, that, which, etc., which are used to guide the attributive clause. They are in the attributive clause can be used as subject, object, attributive and predicative; on the other hand, they represent the main clause for the attributive clause that modifies a noun or pronoun (such as noun and pronoun antecedent). Such as:

The The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist is talking to the man who is an eye doctor. (used as a relative pronoun who dialect, in its antecedent is man)

He, is, the, comrade, whom, you, have, been,, looking, for, he is the comrade you are looking for. (relative pronoun whom is the object in the clause, its antecedent is Comrade, and whom is usually omitted in spoken language)

The, old, man, whose,, son, is, in, carpenter., the, Navy, used, be, to, and son. The old man in the navy was a carpenter.

(relative pronoun whose is used as attribute in the clause and antecedent is man)

The film which I saw last night is about a young teacher. the movie I saw last night was about a young teacher. (relative pronoun which is used as object in clause, antecedent is film, which can be omitted in spoken language)

这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。这是下午要飞往东京的飞机。（关系代词，在从句中用作主语，先行词为平面）

不定代词概说

不是指明代替任何特定名词（或形容词的代词叫做不定代词不定代词有）：

一些一些（可数或不可数）

有人某人

有人某人

一些某物，某事

任何一些，任何（可数或不可数）

有人任何人

有人任何人

什么任何事物

没有无（可数或不可数）

没有人无人

没有人无一人

没有什么无物

所有的全体，全部

两两个

不没有人或物（指两个当中）没有没有人或物（指两个以上）无论是任何一个（指两个当中）每个每个

每一每个

每个人都每人，大家，人人

每个人都每人

一切都每一个事物，一切

其他（S）另一个（些）

另一个另外一个，又一个

多很多（不可数）

许多很多（可数）

几很少（可数）

几一些，几个（可数）

小很少（不可数）

一个小一些（不可数）

一一个（人或物）

不定代词的用法

不定代词大都可代替名词和形容词，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：

1）用作主语

他们都是服务员。他们俩人都是男侍者。

每个人都在吗？人都到了吗？

2）用作宾语

关于这本小说我不知道关于这本小说我知道的很少。