阅读专题三主旨大意题

阅读专题三：主旨大意题

学习目标：通过复习，再次明确主旨大意题的考查方式，能够运用适合的阅读方

法进行准确的选择，提高正确率。

学习内容：主旨大意题的类型和选择方法，适当的练习。

学习方法：在老师的引导下分析例子，掌握方法；及时练习，运用方法。

分析研究高考阅读理解试题可以发现，主旨大意题几乎每年都有，而且在大部分地区的每篇阅读理解中都会有1－3题。这类题主要考查考生选择。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开中等生与优等生的分数差距，作为高考试题有很好的选拔作用。主旨大意题主要分以下几类：

1．归纳标题题

解题时关键要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句

．．．．．．．．．．．，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。不同

体裁的文章的主题位置不同，比如从新闻报道

．．．多是

．．．．的第一段就可以知道主题是什么。议论文

“总—分—总”的结构，所以首尾段是关键；说明文

．．．要注意六

．．．的解题关键在主题句；记叙文

个要素，即5个W(what，who，where，when，why)和一个H(how)。同时还要注意标题有时用的是省略形式，比如用分词作定语代替定语从句等。

2．概括文章大意题

一篇文章总会有一个中心，获取文章中心思想的有效方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，起统领全文的作用，文中的所有事实、细节都是为此中心服务的。

主题句的位置常在首段或结尾段

．．．．．．。因此，在阅读中，我们要对文章的首段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的关注。有的中心思想隐含在文章中，比如有的故事类文章可能没有主题句，这需要我们对字里行间的事实、细节进行分析、推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。

3．总结段落大意题

每个段落通常都有一个中心，通常中心思想会在首句

．．体现出来，这就是常说的段落主题句。一般说来，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用由“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容去概括出主题句。

【真题印证】

(2012·江西高考)For those who make journeys across the world，the speed of travel today has turned the countries into a series of villages.Distances between them appear no greater to a modern traveler than those which once faced men as they walked from village to village.Jet planes fly people from one end of the earth to the other，allowing them a freedom of movement undreamt of a hundred years ago.

...

71．What does the writer try to express in Paragraph 1?

A．Travel by plane has speeded up the growth of villages.

B．The speed of modern travel has made distances relatively short.

C．The freedom of movement has helped people realize their dreams.

D．Man has been fond of traveling rather than staying in one place.

【解析】段落大意题。由文章第一句话可知，现代的交通速度把国与国之间的旅程变成了村与村之间的旅程，说明了现代交通把距离相对缩短了。

【答案】 B

【及时练习】

A

(2013·安徽省级示范高中名校联考)Are you the type of person who always says“yes”？I've come to learn that it is very important to learn to say NO！It's okay.People are still going to like you.They may even respect you more because they know you are honest.

I'm not saying to say“no”to someone who really needs your help.I'm talking about refusing that meeting that you really do not want to attend or that birthday party that you don't want to be a guest at.

Think for a moment how you feel when you say YES to something that you really don't want to do.If you're like I once was，you can't sleep at night and you think about it too much.It weighs on your mind.You try to find ways out.Whatever you're saying to yourself，if you really wanted to go，you wouldn't have all of these thoughts.

So，why not just say NO from the beginning？Maybe you feel like if you don't show up at the meeting(by the way，it is not the one you must attend)your boss isn't going to like you or your co－workers won't respect you.Maybe you feel as if your mom，dad or sisters won't love you as much if you don't do everything for them that they ask every occasion.

If these people are your true friends，family members，or a good boss，they will like or love you the same no matter what.People treat you the way you teach them to，and if you're someone who always says“yes”then that's what they're expecting.

You need to do what is right for you.Of course we do have real obligations in life to fulfill，but we do not have to do everything others want us to do.

【语篇解读】该说“不”时就说，勇敢地说出来是我们应该保持的处事态度。

1．Which of the following statements would the writer agree with?

A．We should try to do what our friends ask us to do.

B．We should help others in need.

C．Always saying“yes”means you are dishonest.

D．Always saying“no”means you are brave.

【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的第一句可知，作者指的不是向真正需要帮助的人说“不”。由此推断，B项正确。

【答案】 B

2．What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A．Saying“yes”．

B．A friend's birthday party.

C．Something you're unwilling to do.

D．Something you think difficult to do.

【解析】词义猜测题。结合该段第一句可知，答应做自己根本就不愿意做的事带来一系列的烦恼，故It指代的内容是C。

【答案】 C

3．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Learn to Make a Right Choice

B．To Be Yourself