最新国际贸易常用词英语翻译及缩写(全)
经贸常用词缩写(A)
A.A.R = against all risks 担保全险,一切险
A.B.No. = Accepted Bill Number 进口到单编号A/C = Account 账号
AC. = Acceptance 承兑
acc = acceptance,accepted 承兑,承诺
a/c.A/C = account 帐,帐户
ackmt = acknowledgement 承认,收条[/color]
a/d = after date 出票后限期付款(票据)
ad.advt. = advertisement 广告
adv. = advice 通知(书)
ad val. = Ad valorem(according to value) 从价税A.F.B. = Air Freight Bill 航空提单
Agt. = Agent 代理商
AI = first class 一级
AM = Amendment 修改书
A.M.T. = Air Mail Transfer 信汇
Amt. = Amount 额,金额
A.N. = arrival notice 到货通知
A.P. = account payable 应付账款
A/P = Authority to Purchase 委托购买
a.p. = additional premiun 附加保险费
A.R. = Account Receivable 应收款
Art. = Article 条款,项
A/S = account sales 销货清单
a/s = after sight 见票后限期付款
asstd. = Assorted 各色俱备的
att,.attn. = attention 注意
av.,a/v = average 平均,海损
a/v = a vista (at sight) 见票即付
经贸常用词缩写(B)
B/-,b/- = bale,bag 包,装
bal.,balce. = balance 余额
bbl. = barrel 桶,樽
B/C = bill for collection 托收票据
B.D. = Bills discounted 贴现票据
B/D = bank draft 银行汇票
b/d = brought down 承前页
B’dle,bdl = bundle束,把
B/E = bill of exchange 汇票
B/F = brought forward 承前页
bg = bag 袋
BIS = Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行BK = Bank 银行
Bkg. = Banking 银行业务
B/L = Bill of Lading 提单
B/N = bank note 银行纸币
B.O. = Branch Office 分支行
b/o = brought over 承前
bot. = bottle 瓶
B/P = bill purchased 买入票据,出口押汇
B/P = bills payable 应付票据
B/R = bills receivable 应收票据
Brl.,barl. = barrel 桶,樽
bx = box 箱,盒
经贸常用词缩写(C)
C/- = case,currency,coupon 箱,通货,息票
c. =cent,centimes,centigrade 分(美),分(法),百分度(寒暑表)
C.A. = Credit Advice 收款报单
C.A.
D. = cash against documents on arrival of good货到后凭单付款
c.a.
d. = cash against documents 凭单证付现金
c.a.f.= cost and freight 成本加运费
cat. = catalogue 货品目录
C.B. = clean bill 光票
C/B = Clean Bill 光票
C.B.
D. = Cash before delivery 付现金后交货
c.c. = carbon copy,cubic centimeter 副本,立方公分
C/C,C.C = Chamber of Commerce 商会
pC/D = cash against document 凭单据付款
C.D. = Collection and Delivery 托交
Cert.= Certificate 证明书
c/f = carried forward 过次页
C&F = cost and freight 运费在内价
C.F.S. = container freight station 集装箱集散场
c.f.& i. = Cost freight and insurance 运费保险费在内价
C.H. = Clearing House 票据交换所
C.I. = Certificate of Insurance 保险单
C&I = Cost and Insurance 货价及保险
c.i.a. = cash in advance 预付现金
cif,c.i.f. = cost,insurance and freight 运费保险费在内价
c.i.f.&c.= cost,insurance,freight and commission 运费,保险费,利息在内价
C.I.F.E. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Exchange 运费,保险费,汇票在内价
C.I.F.I. = Cost,Insurance,Freight and Interest 运费,保险费,利息在内价
C.I.F.C.I.= Cost,Insurance,Freight,Commission and Interest 运费,保险费,佣金,利息在内价
CK = Check 支票
CL = collection 托收
CM = Commission 佣金
C/N.C.N. = credit note,covering note,consignment note 货方通知,保险承保单,发货通知书C.O. = certificate of origin 产地证明书
c/o = care of carried over 烦转,过次页
Co. = company 公司
c.o.
d.= cash on delivery 货到付款
Con.Inv. = Concular Invoice 领事发票
corp. = corporation 法人,公司
C/P = charter party 租船契约
cr. = credit 货方,债权人
cs = case 箱
csk.,ck = cask 樽
C.W.O.= cash with order 现金订货,下定付款
cwt. = hundred weight 衡量名
C.Y. = container yard 集装箱集散场
经贸常用词缩写(D)、(E)
D
D/A =documents against acceptance, 承兑后交付单
= documents for acceptance,
= documents attached, 备承兑单据
= deposit account 存款账号
d/a = days after acceptance 承兑后……日付款
D.A. = Debit advice 付款报单
D/D,D. = Demand draft,documentary draft 即期汇票,跟单汇票
d/d = day’s date (days after date) 出票后……日付款
d.f.,d.fet. = dead freight 空载运费(船)
Disc. = Discount 贴现;折扣
DLT = Day Letter Telegram 书信电
D/N = debit note 借方通知
D/O = delivery order 卸货通知书
D/P = documents against payment 付款后交付单据
Dr. = debit debter 借方,债务人
d/s. = days’ sight 见票后……日付款
DV = Dividends 股利
E
ea. = each 每,各
e.e.E.E. = error excepted 错误除外
E/B = Export-Import Bank p 进出口银行(美国)
enc.,encl.= enclosure 附件
E.& O.E. = errors and omissions excepted 错误或遗漏不在此限
ETA = estimated time of arrival 预定到达日期
ex. = example,executive,exchange,extract 例子,执行官,外汇交换,摘要Exp. = Export 出口
经贸常用词缩写(F)
f.a.q.=fair average quality 良好平均品质
f.a.s.=free alongside ship 船边交货价
F.B.E.=foreign bill of exchange 国外汇票
f.c.l.=full container load 整个集装箱装满
f.d.free discharge 卸货船方不负责
F.& D.=Freight and Demurrage 运费及延装费
f.i.=free in 装货船方步负责
f.i.o.=free in and out 装卸货船方均不负责
f.i.o.=free in out stowed and trimming 装卸堆储平仓船方均不负责f.o.=free out 卸货船方不负责
f.o.,f/o=firm offer 规定时限的报价
f.o.b.=free on board 船上交货价
f.o.c.=free of charge免费
F.O.I.=free of Interest 免息
f.o.r.=free on rail,free on road 火车上交货价
f.o.s.=free on steamer 轮船上交货价
f.o.t.=free on truck 卡车上交货价
f.p.a.=free of particular average 单独海损不保
fr.f=franc,from,free 法郎,从,自由
FX=Foreign Exchange 外汇
经贸常用词缩写(G)、(H)
G
g=good,goods,gramme 佳,货物,一克
G/A=general average 共同海损
GATT=General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税贸易总协定gm.=gramme 一克
g.m.b.=good merchantable brand品质良好适合买卖之货品
g.m.q.=good merchantable quality良好可售品质
G/N=Guarantee of Notes 承诺保证
g.s.w.=gross shipping weight 运输总重量
gr.wt.=gross weight 毛重
H
h.=hour,harbour,height 时,港,高度
H.O.=Head Office 总公司
h.p.=horse power 马力
hr.=hour 时
I
IATA=International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会
IBRD=International Bank Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行I/C=Inward Collection 进口托收
ICC=International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会
IMO=International Money Orders 国际汇票
Imp=Import 进口
IN=Interest 利息
IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金
inst.=instant(this month) 本月
int.=interest 利息
Inv.=Invoice 发票
IOU=I owe you 借据
I/P=Insurance Policy 保险单
I/R=Inward Remittance 汇入汇款
ISIC=International Standard Industrial Classification 国际行业标准分类
it.=item 项目
K
k.=karat(carat) 卡拉(纯金含有度)
kg.=keg,kilogramme笑,公斤
K.W.=Kilo Watt 千瓦
L
L/A=Letter of Authorization 授权书
lbs.=pounds 磅
L/C=Letter of Credit 信用证
L/H=General Letter of Hypothecation 质押权利总股定书
L/I=Letter of Indemnity赔偿保证书
L/G=Letter of Guarantee 保证函
l.t.=long ton 长吨(2,240磅)
L/T=Letter Telegram 书信电报
Ltd.=Limited 有限责任
L/U=Letter of Undertaking 承诺书
M
m.=mile,metre,mark,month,minute,meridian(noon)哩,公尺,记号,月,分,中午m/d=month after date 出票后……月付款
memo.=memorandum 备忘录
M.I.P.=marine insurance policy 海上保险单
misc.=miscellaneous杂项
M/L=more or less增或减
M/N=Minimum最低额
MO=Money Order拨款单,汇款单,汇票
m/s=months after sight见票后……月付款
m.s.=mail steamer,mail transfer油船,轮船
M.T.=metric ton,mail transfer公吨,信汇
M/T=Mail Transfer信汇
m.v.=motor vessel轮船
N
N.B.=Nota Bene(take notice)注意
NO.=number号码
n/p=non-payment拒付
Nt.Wt=Net Weight净重
O
O.=Order定单，定货
O.B/L=Order bill of lading指示式提单
O.C.P.=Overland Common Point通常陆上运输可到达地点
O/C=Outward Collection出口托收
OD.=Overdraft透支
O/d=overdraft,on demand透支，要求即付款（票据）O/No.=order number定单编号
o.p.=open policy预约保单
O/R=Outward Remittance汇出汇款
ORT=ordinary telegram寻常电报
o/s=on sale,out of stock廉售，无存货
O/S=old style老式
o.t.=old term旧条件
oz=ounce盎斯
P
P/A，p/a=particular average单独海损
pa=power of attorney委任状
=private account私人账户
p.a.=per annum(by the year)每年
p.c.=per cent,petty cash百分比,零用金
p.l.=partial loss分损
P.&I.=Protection and Indemnity意外险
P.&L.=profit and loss益损
P.M.O.=postal money order邮政汇票
P/N=promissory note本票
P.O.B.=postal office box邮政信箱
p.o.d.=payment on delivery交货时付款
P.O.D.=Pay on Delivery发货付款
P/O=Payment Order支付命令
P/R=parcel receipt邮包收据
prox.=proximo(next month)下月
PS.=postscript再启
pt.=pint品脱
P.T.O.=please turn over请看里面
PTL=private tieline service电报专线业务
Q
qlty=quality品质
qr=quarter四分之一
qty=quantity数量
quotn=quotation报价单
qy=quay码头
R
recd=received收讫
recpt=receipt收据
ref.=reference参考,关于
RFWD=rain,fresh water damage雨水及淡水险remit.=remittance汇款
r.m.=ready money,readymade备用金,现成的
RM=Remittance汇款
R.O.=remittance Order汇款委托书
R.P.=reply paid,returnof post邮下或电费预付,请即会示rt.=rate率
S
S.A.=-Statement of Account账单
s.a.=subject to approval以承认(赞成,批准)为条件
S/C=sale contract售货合同
S/D=sight draft即期汇票
S/D=sea damage海水损害
SD.=Sundries杂项
SE.=Securities抵押品
S/N=shipping note装运通知
S.O.s.o.=shipping order,seller’s option装船通知书,卖方有权选择S/S,s/s,ss,s.s=steamship轮船
s.t.=short ton短吨
T
T/A=telegraphic address电报挂号
tgm=telegram电报
T.L.O.=total loss only只担保全损(分损不赔)
T.M.O.=telegraphic money order电报汇款
T.R.=trust receipt信托收据
T.T.=telegraphic transfer电汇
TPND=theft,pilferage and nondelivery盗窃遗失条款
U
ult.=ultimo(last month)上月
u/w=underwriter保险业者
V
voy.=voyage航次
V.V.=Vice Versa反之亦然
W
w.a.=with average水渍险(单独海损赔偿)
war=with risk担保一切险
W/B=way bill warehouse book货运单,仓库簿
wgt=weight重量
whf=wharf码头
W/M=weight or measurement重量或容量w.p.a.=with particular average单独海损赔偿W.R.=War Risk战争险
W.R.=warehouse receipt仓单
wt=weight重量
X
x.d.=ex dividend除息
XX=good quality良好品质
*=very good quality甚佳品质
*X=best quality最佳品质
Y
yd.=yard码
yr.=your,year你的，年
Z
Z=Zone地区，地带
ZCL=Zone di Commercia自由贸易区
常见的英文缩写
英文缩写 VCD 视频高密光盘 IT是指信息技术，即英文Information Technology 的缩写 BT是一种P2P共享软件，全名叫"BitTorrent",中文全称:"比特流"又名"变态下载" DIY是每个电脑爱好者熟悉的新名词，是英文Do It Yourself的首字母缩写,自己动手制作的意思,硬件爱好者也被俗称DIYer. OEM是英文Original Equipment Manufacturer的缩写，意思是原设备制造商。 BBS是英文Bulletin Board System的缩写，中文意思是电子公告板系统，现在国内统称做论坛。 XP，是英文Experience（体验）的缩写, 自从微软发布Office XP后,成为软件流行命名概念. 论坛上常见文章标有zt字样,新手不知所云,其实不过是"转帖"的拼音缩写而已. ps是什么意思?在网上,常用软件一般都用缩写代替photoshop简称ps,DreamWeaver简称dw. ID是英文IDentity的缩写,ID是身份标识号码的意思. 为了使Internet上的众多电脑主机在通信时能够相互识别，Internet上的每一台主机都分配有一个唯一的32位地址，该地址称为IP地址，也称作网际地址。IP地址由4个数组成，每个数可取值0~255，各数之间用一个点号“.” MSN 即MICROSOFT NETWORK, 是微软公司的一个门户站点. MSN作为互联网上最受欢迎的一个门户, 具备了为用户提供了在线调查、浏览和购买各种产品和服务的能力. DJ是DISCO JOCIKEY(唱片骑士)的英文缩写,以DISCO为主,DJ这两个字现在已经代表了最新、最劲、最毒、最HIGH的Muisc。 URL是英文Uniform Resoure Locator的缩写,即统一资源定位器,它是WWW网页的地址 OVA是英文录象带的缩写. MC的意思是Micphone Controller的意思，翻译差不多是“控制麦克风的人”。也可以理解为Rapper，很多Rap都在自己的艺名前面加上“MC”，比如台湾的MChotdog，香港的MCYan，美国的MC Hammer等。 CS是非常流行的网络游戏,中文名是反恐精英。 SOHO,是SMALLOFFICEHOMEOFFICER的简称,意思是“在家办公”。还有就是SOHO网啦! BANNER是横幅广告,logo是图标广告. FTP是英文File Transfer Protocol的缩写，即文本传输协议。 pm是什么意思 Private Messages 论坛短信 在英语中，bug表示“臭虫”的意思。但在电脑行业却把电脑内部发生的小故障也称为 “bug”，如程序运行不畅等，这种叫法也许与臭虫不无关系。有人猜测，之所以用bug，是因为它非常简洁明快。其次，臭虫也确实使人连休息也不得安宁，如同电脑中的小故障一样，它虽小，但麻烦还是很大的。 国家： PRC 中国： People's Republic of China国际组织、机构、公司： CAAC 中国民航： Civil Aviation Administration of China SARS 非典: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome BSE 疯牛病： Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BBC British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 CNN美国有线新闻网络Cable News Network 考试： NMET 全国普通高等学校入学考试： National Matriculation Entrance Test CET 大学英语等级考试： College English Test PETS 全国公共英语等级考试： The Public English Test System TOEFL 托福： Test of English as a Foreign Language IELTS 雅思： International English Language Testing System GRE (Graduate Record Examination) 美国研究生入学考试 电子、通讯： IT 信息技术： Information Technology VCD 激光视盘： Video Compact Disc GPS 全球定位系统： Global Positioning System
英语常用缩写
和美国客户发邮件。有个LMK的缩写。想了半天，后天查了网络，才知道是LET ME KNOW 的意思。我没有想的那么正确。所以知道一些简单的缩写是很有必要的，我在网上查了一些。不知道你们之前看过没。 数字： 2 = to/too 2B or not 2B = To be or not to be 4 = for 4ever = forever A： ASL = Age/Sex/Location AFAIC = As Far As I’m Concerned AFAIK = As Far As I Know AFK = Away From Keyboard AIAMU = And I’m A Monkey’s Uncle AISI = As I See It AKA = Also Known As AMBW = All My Best Wishes ANFAWFOWS = And Now For A Word Word From Our Web Sponsor AOTS = All Of The Sudden ASAFP = As Soon As "Friggin" Possible
ASAP = As Soon As Possible ATST = At The Same Time AWGTHTGTTA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Again AWGTHTGTTSA = Are We Going To Have To Go Through This Sh Again AYSOS = Are You Stupid Or Something B： B4 = Before B4N = Bye For Now BBFBBM = Body By Fisher, Brains by Mattel BBIAB = Be Back In A Bit BBIAF = Be Back In A Few BBL = Be Back Later BBN = Bye Bye Now BCNU = Be Seein’You BF = Boyfriend BFD = Big Fing Deal BFN = Bye For Now BHOF = Bald Headed Old Fart BIF = Basis In Fact BITD = Back In The Day
中国特别词语英文翻译
1、中国意念词（Chinesenesses） 八卦 trigram 阴、阳 yin, yang 道 Dao（cf. logo） 江湖（世界） the jianghu World （the traits’ world） e.g. You can’t control everything in a traits’ world. (人在江湖，身 不由己) 道 Daoism（Taoism） 上火 excessive internal heat 儒学 Confucianism 红学（《红楼梦》研究） redology 世外桃源 Shangri-la or Arcadia 开放 kaifang （Chinese openness to the outside world） 大锅饭 getting an equal share regardless of the work done 不搞一刀切 no imposing uniformity on … 合乎国情，顺乎民意 to conform with the national conditions and the will of the people 乱摊派，乱收费 imposition of arbitrary quotas and service charge 铁交椅 iron (lifetime) post’s; guaranteed leading post
脱贫 to shake off poverty; anti-poverty 治则兴，乱则衰 Order leads to prosperity and chaos to decline 2、中华民族的喜庆节日（Chinese Festivial） 国庆节 National Day 中秋节 Mid-Autumn Festival 春节 Spring Festival 元宵节 Lantern Festival 儿童节 Children’s Day 端午节 Dragon Boat Festival 妇女节 Women’s Day 泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 教师节 Teachers’ Day 五四青年节 Youth Day 3、中国独特的传统饮食（Unique Traditional Chinese Foods） 馄饨 wonton 锅贴 guotie (fried jiaozi) 花卷 steamed twisted rolls 套餐 set meal 盒饭 box lunch; Chinese take-away
英语翻译重点词汇词组
英语翻译重点词汇词组 fellow countrymen 同胞 militarist军阀 Chinese Communist Party 党组织 the Grand Canal （京杭）大运河Industrial Revolution 工业革命dawn to dark从早到晚 especially English 具有英国特征的cottage industry 农村手工业 Indian summer 最后的余辉 stock-raising 畜牧业 Homestead Act 宅地法 wild west 西部荒原 the gold rush 淘金热 basic occupation 基础产业Department of Agriculture 农业部门the Nile Delta 尼罗河三角洲 coastal erosion 水土流失Mediterranean climate 地中海型气候surveyor general 测量总监sovereign nation 主权国家aggregate output 总产量 coastal area 沿海地区 telephone connections 电话用户economic well-being 生活水平 two way trade 双向贸易 lucrative export market 出口市场
foreign exchange 外汇 sum total 总数 per capita 人均 GNP 国民生产总值 joint ventures 合资企业 net income 净收入 world investment system世界投资体系 the stock of foreign investment 外资存量 英语翻译重点词汇（２） major economy 经济大国 the stimulus, the technology and the funding 动力、技术和资金international trade and investment 国际贸易和投资 popular science 科普读物Arctic seas 北冰洋 vegetable oil 植物油 mineral oil煤油 internal combustion engine内燃机 warfare on land and sea 陆战和海战 minute sea creatures and plants 微小的海洋动植物 crude oil 原油 sedimentary rocks 沉积岩 pitch lake 沥青湖 superhighway 高速公路 living organism 生物体 applied entomology 应用昆虫学 environmental Law环保法 wildlife 野生生物
英语中日常用语的缩写和简写
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粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding 糯米sticky rice 粽叶bamboo leaves 舞龙dragon dance 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon-boat racing 纪念in memory of 屈原Qu Yuan 诗人poet 忠臣loyal minister 4.清明节Tomb-sweeping Day 寒食节Cold Food Festival 祭拜祖先offer sacrifices to one’s ancestors 踏青go for a spring outing 5.中秋节Mid-Autumn Day / Moon Festival 农历八月十五15th of the eighth lunar month 月饼moon cake 赏月appreciate the glorious full moon 中国神话故事Chinese mythology 嫦娥the goddess of the moon 后羿Houyi 长生不老be immortal 6.重阳节Double Ninth Day 赏菊admire the beauty of chrysanthemum 登高climb a height 7.七夕节Double Seventh Day/Chinese Valentine's Day 银河the Milky Way
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lol laughing out loud / laugh out loud 很好笑.因为lol像笑脸，和我们常用的^-^一样 lmao laughing my ass off 笑的屁股尿流 rofl roll on floor laughing 笑翻天了 其他简写 FU fuck you *你；滚 STFU Shut the fuck up! ***给我闭嘴！ k=ok=okay=okie 好的，恩 gimme give me 给我 em them 他们的宾格 thx thanks 谢谢 ty thank you 原本用的不多，不过现在又开始兴起来了 happy bday = happy b-day happy birthday! 生日快乐 dunno dont know 不知道 kinda a little bit 有点(例句：The game is kinda hard for me.i kinda think i should get it d one as soon as possible.) cmon = c'mon come on 加油/别吹了/快点/起来（这个词意思太多了，不赘述了） hax = hack = cheat 作弊，说谎(很地道时尚的词，老外用的比较多)
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et al.et alia(=and others)其他的 etc.et cetera(=and the rest)等等 FFahrenheit华氏的 Feb.February二月 ftfoot,feet英尺 g,gm.gram克 GMTGreenwich Mean Time格林威治时间 hr.hour小时 IDidentification card __ i.e.id est(=that is)那就是，即 in.inch英寸
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APEC英文Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation的缩写，即亚太经济合作组织。 AQ英文Adversity Quotient的缩写，逆境商数，指一个人处理逆境的能力。 ATM英文Automatic Teller Machine的缩写，即自动柜员机，又称自动取款机。 BBS英文Bulletin Board System的缩写，公告牌系统或电子公告板。 BSS英文Base Station System的缩写，即基站系统，指移动通信中的空中接口部分。 CARM英文Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine的缩写，即中国康复医学会。 CATV英文Cable Television的缩写，即有线电视。 CBD英文Central Business District的缩写，又称中央商务区。 CCEL英文China Certification Committee for Environment Labelling Production的缩写，即中国环境标志产品认证委员会。 CD-ROM英文Compact Disk-Read Only Memory的缩写，即光盘只读存储器，也就是人们常说的光驱。CEO英文Chief Executive Officer的缩写，即首席执行官。 CET英文College English Test的缩写，即大学英语测试。 CFO英文Chief Finance Officer的缩写，即首席财务主管。 CGFNS英文Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nuring Schools的缩写，即外国护士毕业生委员会。CGO英文Chief Government Officer的缩写，即首席沟通主管，主要负责与政府机构之间的交流与沟通。ChinaNET英文Chian Network的缩写，即中国公用计算机网，它是政府建立的计算机网络之一，与之相对应的有中国教育网等。 CI英文Corporate Identity的缩写，即企业形象统一战略，指对企业的独特性和目标加以明确化和统一化，并在企业内外公众之中为建立这种印象而开展的有组织的活动。 CID英文Central Information District的缩写，即中央信息区。 CIO英文Chief Information Officer的缩写，即首席信息主管，国内某些机构也称信息中心主任。它是企业信息化发展到一定程度的必然产物，基本上代表企业的信息化程度。 CPA英文Certified Public Accountant的缩写，即注册会计师，指依法取得注册资金会计师证书并接受委托，从事审计和会计咨询、会计服务业务的执业人员。 CPI英文Consumer Price Index的缩写，即全国居民消费价格指数。 CPU英文Central Processing Unit的缩写，又称微处理器，由集成度较高的集成电路芯片组成的大规模和超大规模集成电路，包括运算器和控制器两部分。 CS英文customer satisfaction的缩写，指企业为了使顾客完全满意自己的产品或服务，综合、客观地测定顾客的满意程度，并根据调查分析结果，促使整个企业一体来改善产品、服务及企业 文化的一种经营战略。 CSCL英文computer-supported Collaborative Learning的缩写，是一种利用计算机技术(尤其是多媒体网络技术)来辅助和支持的协作学习。 CTO英文Chief Technology Officer的缩写，即首席技术主管。
中国热门网络词汇英文翻译
1. 山寨copycatting This Chinese term literally refers to the mountain strongholds of bandits. First borrowed to describe rip-off products, it has evolved to refer also to homemade products, such as video parodies of movies. 2. 囧be sunk/sunken This is an ancient Chinese character, pronounced "jiong". It means "light shining through a window". Young Chinese use it to express embarrassment, or a bad mood. Look at the character. Doesn't it look like a disappointed face? 3. 很黄很暴力very pornographic, very violent During a CCTV interview about a new Internet censorship regulation, a girl said that an uncensored Web page once popped up on her computer. She called it "very pornographic, very violent". Some believe the girl was told to say it by CCTV, so it is now used to mock the way the network covers news. 4. 槑nuts Pronounced méi, the word is a variant of the word for "梅". But it also looks like a double version of the character 呆(dai), which means stupid. So netizens have borrowed it to mean "very silly or very stupid". 5. 叉腰肌Psoas muscle Xie Yalong, the former head of the Chinese Football Association , once criticized women players, saying they have weak Psoas muscles. (This is the muscle that links the trunk to the legs; it's important for motion.) However, nobody, including the players, knew where the muscle is. This quote is now used to mock Xie, who was recently removed from his position. 6. 打酱油get some soy sauce When a person in Guangzhou was asked to give his opinion of the sex scandal involving Hong Kong star Edison Chen (Chen Guanxi), the man answered, "It is none of my business. I am just out to get some soy sauce." People have since begun using the words to mean "it's none of my business". 7. 泡良族pick-up artists This expression refers to men who seduce married women. 8. 凤凰男Phoenix man