综合英语4 lesson7_text appreciation
全新版大学英语第四册unit7PPT课件
• A billionaire would pay billions to own this bridge and keep this view, but I and my jogging, biking and hiking companions have it for nothing. We inherited it. Now all we do is pay maintenance, in the form of taxes. We are lucky.
9、大桥的入口 10、目光对视 11、无缘无故
12、与．．．作斗争
13、将．．．视为范 例
14、未来的新娘 15、勉强接受 16、上映、公开 17、这是梦想构筑的 土地 18、思索言外之意
Entrance to the bridge
Make eye contact For no reason at all Contend with
para 20-28 The author's description on
Part 5 the dreams boom shows people feel more fearful than befor.
Part 6
para 29-30 The author wants to write
down the Sept.11 related dreams to know the influence on people's life .
para 1 Introduction
大学英语综合教程4(Unit7)教程答案
▆Answers:
1)charge2） accused3） abolish4） cancel5) senseless6） meaningless
7)frustrating8） depressing9） extra10) additional11) classical; classic 12） classic
▆Answers:
1)attendto2）be carried away3）fell into4)broken off 5）were summoned up
大学英语综合教程4(Unit7)教程答案
3)People living in the desert area don’t have enough water to drink, let alone using water to irrigate the land.
8)Thesanitaryconditionsin this area havedeteriorated tosuch an extent thatthereiswidespreaddangerofdiseases.
9)Extensive investigations and interviewsputMiss Smithintouchwitha whole range ofthe people of that country and their life styles.
6)There seemed no chance of reaching an agreement, therefore both parties / sides?decided to break off negotiations.
7)College students shouldbebraveenough tofaceandovercomewithconfidencealltheobstaclesanddifficulties they meet with in their lives.
4)Dr. Wang has the habit of making notes in the margins while reading a book.
新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第4册Unit7.doc
新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第4册Unit7.docElectronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read?2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays?3What role do you think literary works play in our lives?▆Answers for reference:1Hints:●Reading broadens our horizons.●Reading enriches our kn owledge.●Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.●Reading enriches our experience.●Reading empowers us with knowledge.●Reading improves our character and taste.●Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meetpeople and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experience a kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore in our daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇St udy the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙Some books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis Bacon Interpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helps us gain an insight into human life. Having scholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》). He is famous for proving that lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite during a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also well known for his literary works such as Poor Richard’s Almanac (《穷理查德年鉴》1732-1757；亦译作《格言历书》、《穷理查历书》) and Autobiography (《自传》1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over what we have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science wasthe description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论) of a pediatric (小儿科的) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’s lymphoma (伯基特氏淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and our greatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《小妇人》）.Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip “Reading Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow.Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can’t read and can’t write.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters toa person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1) reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2) reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion, and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read?Open.▇Script：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, they do less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the first generation in our history that’s less well-educated than their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you know a…an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school, they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers in the United States: new employees can’t read, new employees can’t write. And in f act, for those people who can’t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in the criminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they read less well, you know, because in a sense they don’t develop these things, they are also less likely to be eng aged in personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not thinkit, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable: that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizations more. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’re measuring income, and we’re measuring education. I f you take the poorest people in the United States who read, they do volunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don’t read. So what does it say to us? It says something we know, each of us knows this: when you read, when you’re engaged in t he arts, it awakens something inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personal destiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense of yourself as an i ndividual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’re reading novels or imagi n ing the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially, economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding how a man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks and feels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guided by pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations, you have a society which builds… not only it’s imaginative capability, it’s intellectual capability, b ut it’s compassion, and it’s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C)Remembering the author’s thoughts.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a book?A)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one’s own money.C)Writing on e’s name on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasure?A)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇Key:1) B 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don’t mean merely 2) ________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, and thinking tends to 4) ________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes,you know that you read actively.▇Answers:1)awake 2) conscious 3) active 4) express 5) thoughts6) accomplish 7) understanding 8) relaxation 9) raises 10) demands▇Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read “between the line s” to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading, that is: “write between the lines”. Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. And I don’t mean mere ly conscious; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state ofrelaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When you’ve finished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not?2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading? Why or why not?3What is the art of reading according to the author?4What does the author think of “the taste for reading”?5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages? Why or why not?▇Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in their immediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those who read have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country ora different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds inhistory and they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons and theirlife is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offer a report of events, but is able to lead readers into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one’s charm and flavor can be called an art. The charm here is not related to one’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which canonly be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective. Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it.According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor, shares with us his insight into reading as an art. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and is respected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege. This is easy to understand when we compare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned inhis immediate world, in respect to time and space. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is no escape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book, he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carries him into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusses with him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him in communion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient author looked l ike and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’s thoughts off the claims of the immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison.3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to it than this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Even if it is a book about physical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and reading about them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes a detached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not that which is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers I regard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned withgetting reports about events and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. He said, “A scholar who hasn’t read anythin g for three days feels that his talk has no flavor, a nd his own face becomes hateful to look at.” What he means, of course, is that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor, which is the entire object of reading, and only reading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’t read to “improve one’s mind,” because when one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of reading is gone. He is the type of person who says to himself: “I must read Shakespeare, and I must read Sophocles, and I must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.” I’m sure that man will never become educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare’s Hamlet and come away, as if from a bad dream, with no greater bene fit than that he is able to say that he has “read” H amlet. Anyone who reads a book with a sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading.5 Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang, the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted as something other than physical beauty. What Huang means by “hateful to look at” is not physical ugliness. As for flavor of speech, it all depends on one’s way of reading. Whether one has “flavor” or not in hi s talk, depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6 Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective and individual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for then one is sure of his digestion. In reading as in eating, what i s one man’s meat may be another’s poison. A teacher cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have the same tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7 There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like a tree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is fresh current from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itself in a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it is content to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effort or determined aim, it is sure of reaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody must read, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstances and at a given period of his life. I rather think that reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan. Even if there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one’s thoughts and experienc e have not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a bad flavor on his palate. Confucius said, “When one is fifty, one may read the Book of Changes,” which me ans that one should not read it at forty-five. The ext remely mild flavor of Confucius’ own sayings in The Analects and his mature wisdom cannot beappreciated until one becomes mature himself.8 Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. For instance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after having seen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendship with the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kind of flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read with profit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as much from the reader’s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author’s own. I regard the dis covery of one’s favorite author as the most critical ev ent in one’s intellectual development. There is such a thing as the affinity of spirits, and among the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find an author whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇课文参考译文读书的艺术林语堂1 读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的生活上的一种雅事，而在一些不大有机会享受这种权利的人们看来，这是一种值得尊重和妒忌的事。
全新版大学英语综合教程4课后答案Unit7
全新版⼤学英语综合教程4课后答案Unit7相关推荐全新版⼤学英语综合教程4课后答案Unit7 《全新版⼤学英语综合教程》是上海外语教育出版社出版的图书，由复旦⼤学、北京⼤学、华东师范⼤学、中国科学技术⼤学、华南理⼯⼤学、南京⼤学、武汉⼤学、南开⼤学、中国⼈民⼤学等英语教学专家合作编写全新版⼤学英语综合教程4第七单元的`主题是911恐怖袭击，下⾯是⼩编很⼩的课后答案，希望能帮到⼤家! Unit 7 Vocabulary: I. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases given in the box. Change the form where necessary. 1) 1. divined 5. coated 6. perish revenge on 11. revolves 12. denounced2. applied for3. went off4. are 7. hijack 8. grief 9. farewell 10. take 2. nerves 3. solidarity 4. sacred; mourn 2) 1. drop… off gaining on 5. bring down picking at 6. blotted out 7. think back on 8. 3) 1. brought down the American housing market in 2008 2. what will happen after his son steps into his shoes? 3. not in the mood to go out 4. long before the market began to show signs of weakness 5. mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside 4) 1. in the aftermath of; to blot our; the tragic 2. armed; at dust; accomplices; explosives 3. in the space of; no illusion II. Collocation:1. a little of2. a few; most of // many of3. much 4. few5. many6. many of7. much of little 9. few of 10. Some II. Usage: 1. As the boy grew older 2. she sings as beautifully as a nightingale // sings like a nightingale 3. they don’t see themselves as servants of the people 4. As she had left her key in the office 5. Just do as you are told 6. Areas once regarded as rural 7. as they do in China 8. As he was brave and loyal as well 8.。
综合英语Book IV Unit 7 A Sunrise on the Veld
Look up the dictionary for the following words
Veld: Wild. High, flat, mostly treeless grassland in South Africa.
Bush: Wild uncultivated land, especially in Africa or Australia.
The style levels of differing documents and experiences mix: newspaper cuttings, news items, films, dreams and diaries.
The Cleft
won the 2007 Nobel Prise in Literature
The Grass is Singing (1950)
with which Doris Lessing made her debut as a novelist （examines the relationship between a white farmer‘s wife and her black servant. ）
Stylistic analysis
Generally, the text is a moving, even disturbing piece of narrative writing about a wounded buck being eaten by ants in the bush. Though short, it is a convincing portrayal of a living thing dying in pain.
Other Stories
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程第4册Unit7
标准文档Electronic Teaching PortfolioBook FourUnit Seven: Reading and ReflectionPart I Get StartedSection A Discussion▇Sit in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.1Why do you think we need to read?2What do you prefer to read — poems, novels or plays?3What role do you think literary works play in our lives?▆Answers for reference:1 Hints:Reading broadens our horizons.Reading enriches our knowledge.Reading puts us in contact with the best minds of human history.Reading enriches our experience.Reading empowers us with knowledge.Reading improves our character and taste.Reading is a good pastime.2Some hints:a)Different people read literature for different reasons and purposes because of their differentbackgrounds, tastes, experiences and educational background.b)Those who prefer reading novels may think novels are more interesting and easier to read probablybecause novels usually have plots. They can take readers to other places and times, real or imaginary, allowing them to meet people and experience life in many different ways. A good novel makes readers think, laugh, cry or wonder.3Reference:Literary works play an important role in our life. They can broaden our horizons. They help us experiencea kind of life which we cannot have in real life. They help us see the things which we tend to ignore inour daily life. They can also help us escape from reality.Section B Quotes▇Study the following quotes about reading and reflection and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.Francis Bacon⊙S ome books are to be tasted; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.— Francis Bacon Interpretation:There are different ways of reading books. To taste a book, one can read it in a state of relaxation. To swallow a book one can glide his eyes across the lines of a book. To chew or digest a book one should read it actively. And when he has finished reading a book, the pages are filled with his notes. Only when good books are chewed and digested can they have a lasting influence on one ’s life.About Francis Bacon (1561-1626): an English politician, philosopher, and writer. Francis Bacon graduatedfrom Trinity College, Cambridge. He was the founder of English materialist philosophy, as well as of modern science in England. He is especially famous for his Essays, in which his practical wisdom is shown through his reflections and comments on rather abstract subjects.Benjamin Franklin◎Reading makes a full man, meditation a profound man, discourse a clear man.— Benjamin FranklinInterpretation:Reading broadens our horizons, molds our temperament and enlightens our minds. Reading provides us with the possibility of opening ourselves up to the world, which helps us to become learned and knowledgeable persons. Thinking deeply helps us gain an insight into human life. Having scholarly conversations with others helps us become wiser.About Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790): a US politician, writer, and scientist. He was involved in writing two historically significant documents, the Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》 ) and the Constitution of the United States (《美国宪法》 ). He is famous for proving that lightning is a form of electricity by doing a scientific test in which he flew a kite during a storm, and he invented the lightning conductor. He is also wellknown for his literary works such as Poor Richard s Almanac’ (《穷理查德年鉴》 1732-1757；亦译作《格言历书》、《穷理查历书》 ) and Autobiography (《自传》 1790).Denis Parsons Burkitt◎It is better to read a little and ponder a lot than to read a lot and ponder a little.— Denis Parsons BurkittInterpretation:What really counts is not how many books we have read but whether we spend time thinking over whatwe have read. So we should read selectively and reflectively.About Denis Parsons Burkitt (1911–1993): an accomplished British surgeon. His major contribution to medical science was the description, distribution, and ultimately, the etiology (病因学；病源论 ) of apediatric ( 小儿科的 ) cancer that bears his name Burkitt’(s伯lymphoma基特氏淋巴瘤).Louisa May Alcott◎Good books, like good friends, are few and chosen; the more select, the more enjoyable.— Louisa May AlcottInterpretation:Books and friends should be few but good. We should be highly selective in reading books, and ourgreatest pleasure in reading comes from the best books.About Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888): an American novelist best known as author of the novel Little Women (《小妇人》） .Section C Watching and Discussion▇Watch the following video clip Reading“ Really Matters” and do the tasks that follow. Introduction of the video:Dana Gioia, Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts, is talking about arts education.First he mentions a problem in the United States: People are reading less and employers are facing a serious problem that their new employees can ’tread and can’twrite.According to Dana Gioia, those people who read do exercise more and do more volunteering charity work.Then he comes to talk about how reading actually matters to a person.1 Now fill in the note form according to what you hear.Topic: Reading Awakens Something inside the Reader1)reading increases your sense of your own personal destiny.2)reading makes the lives of other people more real to you.In summary, reading makes you understand that other people have an inner life as complicated asyour own.Reading builds a society with not only imaginative capability, intellectual capability, but compassion,and humanity.2Discuss the following questions.Do you agree that Chinese people are reading less?Do you think modern technology has influenced the way people read?Open .▇Script ：Americans are reading less. Because they read less, they read less well. Because they read less well, theydo less well in the educational system. We are in the process in the United States of producing the firstgeneration in our history that’-educatedslesswellthan their parents. Now, I mean, to me, this is, you knowa⋯ an abandonment of the whole American misroutes of self improvement. Because they do less well in school,they do less well in the job market and economically. The number one problems for new employers inthe United States: new employees can’ t read, new employees can’ t write. And in fact, for those people who can ’ t even read above the basic level, 55% of those people end up unemployed.And even on a further level, they overwhelmingly are like, you know, are more likely to end up in thecriminal justice system. Only 3% of the people in U.S. prisons read at a proficiency level. Because they readless well, you know, because in a sense they don’ t develop these things, they are also lessagedlikely to be engin personal positive behavior however you wanna measure it.We can measure it many different ways. You would not think it, but it is overwhelmingly demonstrable:that people that read exercise more; people that read join, play sports more. They belong to civic organizationsmore. They do volunteering charity work nearly 4 times the level of non-readers.Well, when I saw these data, I said, well, wait. We have to be measuring something else. W e’ re measuringincome, and we ’ re measuring educationfyou.I take the poorest people in the United States who read, they dovolunteering charity work at twice the level of people who don ’readt. So what does it say to us? It sayssomething we know,each of us knows this: when you read, when you ’ rengaged in the arts, it awakenssomething inside of you. That does two things: the first is that it increases your sense of your own personaldestiny. But, secondly, it makes the lives of other people more real to you. It creates a heightened sense ofyourself as an i ndividual, but it also brings you, maybe, especially when you’ re readiing novels or imagin the literature in which you follow the stories, the lives of the people in the dailiness of their existence, socially,economically. Maybe understanding, a man understanding how a woman thinks, and a man understanding howa man thinks, a person understanding how somebody from a different country, from a different race thinks andfeels. This imaginative exercises, this meditative exercise, makes you understand that other people have aninner life as complicated as your own. And so, if you have a society, in which tens of millions of people guidedby pleasure no less, undertake these types of contemplations and meditations,you have a society whichbuilds ⋯ not only it’ s imaginative capability, it’ s, butintellectualit’ scapabilitycompassion, and it’ s humanity.Part II Listen and RespondSection A Word Bankcontend vt.claim; say or state strongly 〖正式〗宣称，断言，主purchase n.fml the act of buying〖正式〗，采prelude n.sth. that is followed by sth. larger or more important初步，序幕，前奏indispensable a. too important or too useful to be without必需的，必不行少的fundamental a. basic基本的，根本的，基础的Section B Task One: Focusing on the Main Ideas▇C hoose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in thelistening passage.1What does the speaker mean by efficient reading or reading efficiently?A)Reading a book for pleasure.B)Writing between lines while reading.C) Remembering the author thoughts’s.D)Scanning a book for facts.2What is the advantage of marking up a book according to the speaker?A)Marking up a book helps readers take in the brilliant ideas in the book.B)Marking up a book enables readers to know what they read.C)Marking up a book makes readers feel like the owner of the book.D)Marking up a book makes readers conscious of the fact that they are reading actively.3What is the true sense of owning a book?A)Marking it through active reading.B)Purchasing it with one ’s own money.C)Writing on e’sname on it.D)Understanding every word in it.4How do people read books for pleasure?A)They read them consciously.B)They read them in a state of relaxation.C)They read them passively.D)They read them actively.5How do people know they have read actively when they finish reading a book?A)They establish a relationship with the author.B)They gain possession of the book.C)The pages are full of their notes.D)Their spoken language has been improved.▇K ey:1)B 2)D 3)A 4)B 5)CSection C Task Two: Zooming In on the Details▇Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading it? First, it keeps you 1) ________. And I don ’meantmerely 2) ________; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is 3) ________, is thinking, andthinking tends to 4) ________ itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually thethought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the 5) ________ you had, or the thoughts theauthor expressed.If reading is to 6) ________ anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’ t le glide across the lines of a book and come up with an 7) ________ of what you have read. The books you readfor pleasure can be read in a state of 8) ________ and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty,a book that 9) ________ and tries to answer fundamental questions, 10) ________ the most active reading.When you ’ vefinished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.▇ Answers:1) awake2) conscious3) active4) express5) thoughts6) accomplish7) understanding8) relaxation 9) raises10) demands▇ Script:Reading EfficientlyYou know you have to read“ between thes”lineto get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you todo something equally important in the course of your reading, that is:the lines“”write.Unlessbetweenyou do,you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. I contend that marking up a book is an act of love.There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by payingfor it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Fullownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of itis by writing in it.Why is mar king up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. And I don ly’ t mea conscious; I mean wide awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends toexpress itself in words, spoken or written.The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally,writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed.If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’ t let glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. The books you readfor pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, abook that raises and tries to answer fundamental questions, demands the most active reading. When youfinished reading a book, and the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively.Part III Read and ExploreText ASection A Discovering the Main IdeasExercise 1Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1What is the difference between the lives of those who read and those who do not?2Can reading newspapers be categorized as reading? Why or why not?3What is the art of reading according to the author?4What does the author think of “the taste for reading ”?5Can people benefit from reading the same books at different ages? Why or why not?▇Answers for reference:1According to the author, those who do not read are just like prisoners confined to their immediate world in respect to time and space. Their life falls into a set of routines and they see only what happens in theirimmediate neighbourhood with few friends and acquaintances to communicate with. In contrast, those whoread have the privilege to escape temporarily from the present world and enter a different country ora different age as soon as they pick up a book. Good books put them in touch with the best minds in historyand they are always carried away into a world of thought and reflection. Books broaden their horizons andtheir life is never a set of dull routines.2According to the author, reading newspapers does not belong to the category of reading because the average reader of a newspaper is mainly concerned with getting reports about events and happeningswithout contemplative value. The best reading does not merely offer a report of events, but is able to leadreaders into a contemplative mood.3According to the author, only reading with the object of enriching one ’s charm and flavor can be called an art.The charm here is not related to one ’s physical appearance, but one’s inner aura of elegance which canonly be acquired through reading. And flavor here refers to the flavor in speech, and its cultivation entirely depends on one ’s way of reading.4The author thinks that taste is the key to all reading and is individual and selective. Each person has his own taste in the kinds of books he enjoys reading. Forcing one to read books that he dislikes will achieve no positive results.5Yes. People can benefit from reading the same book at different ages and get different flavors out of it.According to the author, people at different ages should read different kinds of books and good books can be read more than once at different ages.Exercise 2 Text A can be divided into four parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.Part Paragraph(s)Main IdeaOne1-3Two4-5Three6-8Four9▇Answers for reference:Part Paragraph(s)Main IdeaThe benefits of reading can be seen from such comparison: Nonreaders areimprisoned in their immediate world, while readers can travel freely in their One1-3mind to different countries or different ages. And the best reading leadsreaders into a contemplative mood, not merely occupied with the report ofevents.The object of reading is to cultivate personal charm of appearance and flavor Two4-5in speech, not to“improve one’s mind ”, which kills the joy of reading andforces one to read with a sense of obligation.The key to all reading lies in taste, which is selective and individual. No oneThree6-8should be forced to read books against his own will and there is no book that one absolutely must read. It is wise to read books that meet the development of one’s intellectual interest.Benefit from reading relies on the contributions of both the author and theFour9reader. The profit will be greater if one is lucky enough to find his favouriteauthor.Section B In-depth StudyIn the following text, Lin Yutang, the Chinese writer, translator, linguist and inventor , shares with us his insight into reading as an art. He not only addresses such questions as why to read, what to read, and when to read, but also convinces us of the beauty and benefits of reading as an art.The Art of ReadingLin Yutang1 Reading or the enjoyment of books has always been regarded among the charms of a cultured life and isrespected and envied by those who rarely give themselves that privilege . This is easy to understand when wecompare the difference between the life of a man who does no reading and that of a man who does.2 The man who has not the habit of reading is imprisoned in his immediate world, in respect to time andspace. His life falls into a set routine; he is limited to contact and conversation with a few friends and acquaintances, and he sees only what happens in his immediate neighborhood. From this prison there is noescape. But the moment he takes up a book, he immediately enters a different world, and if it is a good book,he is immediately put in touch with one of the best talkers of the world. This talker leads him on and carrieshim into a different country or a different age, or unburdens to him some of his personal regrets, or discusseswith him some special line or aspect of life that the reader knows nothing about. An ancient author puts him incommunion with a dead spirit of long ago, and as he reads along, he begins to imagine what that ancient authorlooked li ke and what type of person he was. Both Mencius and Ssema Ch’ ien have expressed the same idea. Now to be able to live two hours out of twelve in a different world and take one’ s thoughts off the c immediate present is, of course, a privilege to be envied by people shut up in their bodily prison .3 Such a change of environment is really similar to travel in its psychological effect. But there is more to itthan this. The reader is always carried away into a world of thought and reflection.Even if it is a book aboutphysical events, there is a difference between seeing such events in person or living through them, and readingabout them in books, for then the events always assume the quality of a spectacle and the reader becomes adetached spectator. The best reading is therefore that which leads us into this contemplative mood, and not thatwhich is merely occupied with the report of events. The tremendous amount of time spent on newspapers Iregard as not reading at all, for the average readers of papers are mainly concerned with getting reports aboutevents and happenings without contemplative value.4 The best formula for the object of reading, in my opinion, was stated by Huang Shanku, a Sung poet. Hesaid, “ A scholar who hasn’ t read anyfor th reeing days feels that his talk has no flavor, and his own facebecomes hateful to look at.” What he means, of course, is that reading gives a man a certain charm and flavor,which is the entire object of reading, and only reading with this object can be called an art. One doesn’ t read to“ improve one ’ s mind, ” because when one begins to think of improving his mind, all the pleasure of reading isgone. He is the type of person who says to himself:“ I must read Shakespeare, and I must readI Sophocles, an must read the entire Five Foot Shelf of Dr. Eliot, so I can become an educated man.” I’ m sure th never become educated. He will force himself one evening to read Shakespeare Hamlet and come away,’s as iffrom a bad dream, with no greater benef it than that he is able to say that he has Hamlet . Anyone“read who”reads a book with a sense of obligation does not understand the art of reading .5Reading for the cultivation of personal charm of appearance and flavor in speech is then, according to Huang,the only admissible kind of reading. This charm of appearance must evidently be interpreted assomething other than physical beauty. What Huang means by“ hateful to look at” is not physical ugline for flavor of speech, it all depends on one ’ways of reading. Whether one has “ flavor or”not in his talk,depends on his method of reading. If a reader gets the flavor of books, he will show that flavor in his conversations, and if he has flavor in his conversations, he cannot help also having a flavor in his writing.6Hence I consider flavor or taste as the key to all reading. It necessarily follows that taste is selective andindividual, like the taste for food. The most hygienic way of eating is, after all, eating what one likes, for thenone is sure of his digestion . In reading as in eating, what is one man’ s meat may be another’ s poison. A cannot force his pupils to like what he likes in reading, and a parent cannot expect his children to have thesame tastes as himself. And if the reader has no taste for what he reads, all the time is wasted.7There can be, therefore, no books that one absolutely must read. For our intellectual interests grow like atree or flow like a river. So long as there is proper sap, the tree will grow anyhow, and so long as there is freshcurrent from the spring, the water will flow. When water strikes a cliff, it just goes around it; when it finds itselfin a pleasant low valley, it stops and meanders there a while; when it finds itself in a deep mountain pond, it iscontent to stay there; when it finds itself traveling over rapids, it hurries forward. Thus, without any effortor determined aim, it is sure of reaching the sea some day. There are no books in this world that everybody mustread, but only books that a person must read at a certain time in a given place under given circumstancesand at a given period of his life. I rather think that reading, like matrimony, is determined by fate or yinyuan. Evenif there is a certain book that every one must read, there is a time for it. When one ’thoughts and experiencehave not reached a certain point for reading a masterpiece, the masterpiece will leave only a badflavor on his palate. Confucius said,“ When one is fifty, one may readBookthe of Changes,” which means thatone should not read it at forty-five. The extremely mild flavor of Confucius’ ownThesayingsAnalectsin andhis mature wisdom cannot be appreciated until one becomes mature himself.8Furthermore, the same reader reading the same book at different periods gets a different flavor out of it. Forinstance, we enjoy a book more after we have had a personal talk with the author himself, or even after havingseen a picture of his face, and one gets again a different flavor sometimes after one has broken off friendshipwith the author. A person gets a kind of flavor from reading the Book of Changes at forty, and gets another kindof flavor reading it at fifty, after he has seen more changes in life. Therefore, all good books can be read withprofit and renewed pleasure a second time.9 Reading, therefore, is an act consisting of two sides, the author and the reader. The net gain comes as muchfrom the reader’ s contribution through his own insight and experience as from the author. I regard the’ s own discovery of one’ s favorite author as the most critical event in one’ s intellectual development. There is thing as the affinity of spirits, and among the authors of ancient and modern times, one must try to find anauthor whose spirit is akin with his own. Only in this way can one get any real good out of reading.▇ 课文参照译文念书的艺术林语堂1念书或书本的享受向来被视为有涵养的生活上的一种雅事，而在一些不大有时机享受这类权益的人们看来，这是一种值得尊敬和忌妒的事。
大学英语综合教程四Unit7答案
An Integrated English Course IVUnit 7Text 1 The Selling of the PresidentKey to ExercisesText comprehension (pp. 102-103)I. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.B.II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.1. T. Refer to the last sentence of Paragraph2.2. F. Refer to Paragraph3. It is argued that in some elections the amount of TV exposure does not help and this point is supported by two examples, one of which is Nixon's winning in 1972. Ford's loss in 1976, however, is an example used to show that TV promotion seems to work best when there is a large undecided vote.3. F. Refer to Paragraph 4, where it is stated that losing candidates all looked "bad" on TV. One exception was Nixon, whose TV image, though generally poor, was improved through the application of featured long shots and the avoidance of close-ups.4. F. Refer to Paragraph5. "Both John F. Kennedy and Jimmy Carter seemed more at home with the medium" means they two felt more comfortable and at ease in front of the TV camera than those mentioned in the previous paragraph. It has nothing to do with the issue whether they were shown within US or abroad.5. T. Refer to Paragraph6.6. T. Refer to Paragraph7.7. T. Refer to Paragraph 11.III. Answer the following questions.1. Presidential candidates are somewhat like commodities: the better advertised they are on TV, the better they sell.2. Since the 1896 campaign, the election of a President has largely depended on whether favorable publicity of a candidate can be made. Prior to the 1960s when TV surpassed newspapers as an information source for the first time, the medium that played the dominant role in the publicity campaign was print, which laid emphasis on "issues" rather than "images". The success in generating favorable publicity was up to the campaign strategist, thus making it necessary or even desirable for the candidate to "keep his mouth shut" before the medium.3. Paragraph 2 indicates that Nixon ran for the presidency for the first time in 1960. He was the favorite in the early stage of the campaign, but lost the favor just because he looked "bad" on TV.4. Paragraph 3. They work most effectively in close elections or in those where there is a large undecided vote.5. No. Before the 1960s, it was print that played the critical role in the campaign. Print and issues went together. So what was important then was whether the candidate could convince the electorate of his will, ability and determination to settle the issues they were concerned about. In contrast, little attention was paid to physical appearance. Television, however, has reversed the priority of the two factors.6. According to the author, Jimmy Carter's election was a proof of the new trend that the electorate's image of the candidate was a greater determinant of his success than his "platforms", i.e. his policies. As a matter of fact, Carter was devoted to gaining the trust of the voters. His favorable image and rapport with the voters pushed him to power, though the electorate actually knew very little of his policy.7. As President, Carter worked hard to combat the continuing economic woes of inflation and unemployment, but unfortunately, inflation and interest rates were at near record highs, and efforts to reduce them caused a short recession. What's more, his efforts to save the American hostages from Iran failed. The American electorate got tired of him because he was bogged down in all these issues. Reagan, a former Hollywood actor, knew well how to use TV to his advantage, and moreover, he referred to John Wayne, a distinguished Hollywood film star, often viewed as one of the "last great Americans", to imply to the electorate that he was different from Carter, and like Wayne, could well be a great American, too.8. This means that what is of vital importance today will become a trifle tomorrow. By this the author implies that issues should not be regarded as a top factor in the campaign. It is the "person", not the "issue", that deserves more attention.IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences taken from the text.1. Television advertising seems to have the greatest effect in elections where the rivals are well-matched or in those where a large number of voters have not decided which side to take.2. The intervention of television in the present-day campaign determines what factors the candidate should consider before others, and these priorities of today are different from those of the past.3. All the winning candidates in the presidential election have learnt how to make full use of television, to put on TV shots in the way he can win the most favor of the electorate.4. It can be argued that since the 1960 presidential debates we have paid more attention to the candidates themselves than to their policies. This is an orientation very much different from that in earlier years.5. When Nixon was President, television led to his resignation just because the medium disclosed his guilt in the Watergate scandal.Structural analysis of the text (p103)In recent years that publicity has been supplanted by heavy spot buying on electronic media. ( Paragraph 1 )The most talked-about medium in American politics is television. (Paragraph 2 )Television affords us that opportunity in a way no other medium can. (Paragraph 12 )Rhetorical features of the text (p104)Positive examples: Kennedy ( in 1960), Nixon ( in 1972 ), Carter ( in 1980), Reagan ( in 1984). The purpose of giving these examples is to show the effectiveness of television in getting more publicity for presidential candidates.Negative examples: Adlai Stevenson, Hubert Humphrey, Richard Nixon (in 1960 and 1974). The purpose of providing these examples is to prove the importance of the candidates' public image on TV.Vocabulary exercises (pp104-106)1. Replace the underlined words in the sentences with appropriate forms of the words chosen from the text.1. supplanted2. clinched3. swung4. profusion5. condensed6. denounce7. dictate8. orientationII. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words and phrases.1. got bogged down2. to bring down3. affect4. would be detrimental to5. was clouded6. is comfortable with7. was ... taken in 8. to his advantageIII. Choose the word that best fitsthe blank in each sentence.1. B2. C3. D4. B5. A6. CIV. Explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase in each sentence.1. way2. admired3. cleverer4. being shown5. able to manage6. refused to supportGrammar exercises (pp106-107)I. Note the parts that are omitted in the following sentences.1. All the print information we now receive is simpler and more condensed than ( it was) ever before.2. Television is images, (and television is) not issues.3. We could study the issues, (we could) read the speeches, yes – but how would we "know" the candidates as we might (know) a neighbor or casual acquaintance?4. Of course, TV cannot guarantee honest candidates, but we rejected Richard Nixon in 1960 and we might have (rejected him) again had he not so successfully avoided any informal coverage.5. He would sit there, surrounded by flags and piles of transcripts, and (he would) swear he was innocent.6. Issues come and (issues) go, but we elect people to the presidency.II. Rewrite the following sentences, omitting whatever can be omitted without change of mean ing.1. In 1970, the number of students in our school was about five hundred, and in 1981, ( ) over two thousand.2. Reading makes a full man, conference ( ) a ready man, and writing ( ) an exact man.3. Paul likes poetry, but Peter ( ) fiction.4. The hunter was frightened and ( ) was firing at the bear.5. While ( ) at college, he was a prominent athlete.6. Mr Brown teaches ( ) and his son studies at Cambridge.III. Omit the subjects and auxiliary verbs of the relative clauses.1. The aeroplane loaded to capacity was a long time taking off.2. Any dutiable articles not declared to the customs will be liable to confiscation.3. This scene, superbly acted by Henry Irving, moved the audience to tears.4. Overseas letters sent by airmail reach their destination faster than those sent by train or ship.5. The castle burnt down in the sixteenth century was never rebuilt.6. Words spoken in haste often lead to trouble.IV. Complete the following sentences with shall, will, should or would.1. shall2. should3. shall4. would5. would6. willV. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined structures in your sentences.1. Had you told me about your problem, I might have been able to help you.Were you to finish your education, many more career opportunities would be open to you. 2. If my failure proves anything, it is that I lack competence.If his reaction meant anything, it was that he was thoroughly perplexed.Translation exercises (pp107-108)I. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. The tape recorder secretly installed in the office of the Secretary of Treasury brought the government down in no more than 3 months.2. Any action that is detrimental to the cause of peace will be condemned by the people of the world.3. The decisions made by the two ministers to resign are departures from the hard-nosed, fight-to-the-finish tradition of politics.4. The negotiations with the workers got bogged down for the third time on the question of working hours.5. Louisa Clarke is a very pleasant girl, yet sometimes her judgment is clouded by her hot temper and jealousy.6. He had to work harder or to be sent away from school. In this circumstance, what alternatives were left to him? He had to choose the former.7. Richard is too much at home here to need the host's invitation for lengthening his visit.8. She was badly taken in by his honest-looking appearance.II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.在总统竞选开始之前，各个政党必须选出自己的总统候选人。
新视界大学英语综合教程4Unit7
(a) about seven (b) no more than 20 (c) 40 (d) over 500 (e) about 480 (f) about 2,200 (g) about 5,000 (h) 1.3 billion
Answer: (d) 2 (c) 3 (h) 4 (b) 5 (g) 6 (a) 7 (e) 8 (f)
Now work in pairs and discuss which fact you find most surprising, and why.
Skimming ➌ Answer the questions.
1 Why is the writer learning Chinese?
For her work in Beijing.
Digging
Background information
MP3
译文
Lessons to be learnt
1 I’ve been spending several years learning Chinese for my work here in Beijing, so the latest news that there’s to be a new campaign to introduce the language into US schools, and a recent report estimating that over 500 schools in the UK are teaching it prompts me to tell you something which you may not want to hear: Learning Chinese is really, really tough.
综合教程 第四册unit7
综合教程第四册u n i t7-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One11. What do you think is the most important political event in the .2. How often is the presidential election held in the States3. What does "selling" in the title tell youBack in the 1960s, when the role of advertising and PR in politics first became apparent, Life magazine quoted one campaign strategist as saying, "I can elect any person to office if he has $60,000, an IQ of at least 120, and can keep his mouth shut." Since the 1896 campaign, the election of a President has been determined largely by the ability of information specialists to generate favorable publicity. In recent years that publicity has been supplanted by heavy spot buying on electronic media.So many factors are involved in choosing a President that it is hard to say with any real empirical confidence how important any single medium is. The most talked-about medium in American politics is television. Highly publicized debates between candidates in 1960, 1976, and 1980 appear to have affected the outcomes. Richard Nixon (the early favorite) would probably not have lost to Kennedy were it not for his poor showing on TV. Similarly the 1976 debates probably clinched Jimmy Carter's narrow victory over Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan appeared to be the victor in the 1980 debates.Yet there were other elections where, according to political analyst Edward Chester, no amount of TV exposure could have changed the outcome: Goldwater versus Johnson in 1964 and Nixon versus McGovern in 1972. Television commercials seem to work best in close elections or in those where there is a large undecided vote. According to the Associated Press, Ford's TV spots during the 1976 campaign probably swung over 100,000 undecided voters a day during the last few months of the campaign.What effect does television have on the candidates themselves It dictates priorities that are different from those of an earlier day. The physical appearance of the candidate is increasingly important. Does he or she look fit, well-rested, secure Losing candidates like Adlai Stevenson, Hubert Humphrey, and Richard Nixon all seemed to look "bad" on TV. Nixon overcame this problem in 1972 with ads that featured longer shots of him being "presidential" — flying off to China. Close-ups were avoided.Both John F. Kennedy and Jimmy Carter seemed more at home with the medium, perhaps because both were youthful, informal, and physically active outdoor types. Dwight Eisenhower and Lyndon Johnson seemed to have a paternal, fatherly image on the small screen. All of the recent Presidents have learned how to use the medium to their advantage, to "stage" events so as to receive maximum favorable coverage. This has added to the already awesome power of the incumbency.Television has changed the importance of issues. It can be argued that since the1960 presidential debates we have elected people, not platforms. This is a major departure from earlier years. Franklin Roosevelt's radio charisma cannot be denied, but he was swept to power by one issue — the Great Depression.All the print information we now receive is simpler and more condensed than ever before. Issues and print go together. Television is images, not issues. We develop a more personal, emotional feeling about the candidates. Jimmy Carter's spectacular rise to power was a testament to this new image orientation. No one really knew what he was going to do when he took office, since his entire campaign had been geared toward developing a relationship of trust with the electorate. "Trust me," he said. "I'll never lie to you."A more recent example was the election of Reagan in 1980. For some this represented the ultimate television victory. After all, what other country can claim that it has actually elected an actor President It can be argued that Americans were tired of Carter and that Reagan simply offered an alternative. Yet throughout the campaign he offered us a media "vision" of a "shining city on a hill." And what about his constant references to John Wayne, one of the "last great Americans" My father, a long-time politician in southern California, has a favorite saying — "The worst thing a candidate can do is get bogged down in the issues." This trend has alarmed countless media critics. Politicians, newscasters, and others have stood in line to denounce it. They assert that the important thing is what candidates stand for, not the candidates themselves. Almost everyone seems to agree that television has been detrimental to American politics; it has clouded the issues and confused the electorate.Media researchers Thomas E. Patterson and Robert D. McClure say the power of TV has been overrated and that (1) "Viewers of the nightly network newscasters learn almost nothing of importance about a presidential election," and (2) "People are not taken in by advertising hyperbole and imagery, exposure to televised ads has no effect on voters' images of the candidates." I disagree on both accounts.If the Watergate mess proved anything, it was that we need a President we are comfortable with, one we feel we know and can trust. Print afforded us no opportunity to get a "feel" for the person. We could study the issues, read the speeches, yes — but how would we "know" the candidates as we might a neighbor or casual acquaintance Television (and television advertising) provides an audiovisual record of the candidate under all sorts of circumstances. It is with that knowledge that we can choose someone of integrity, at least someone with honorable intentions.Of course, TV cannot guarantee honest candidates, but we rejected Richard Nixon in 1960 and we might have again had he not so successfully avoided any informal coverage. Once he was President it was the intimate nature of the medium that helped bring him down. Even his well-rehearsed Watergate denials wouldn't work. He would sit there, surrounded by flags and piles of transcripts, and swear he was innocent. Yet the profuse sweat on his brow and the look in his eyes seemed toconfirm his guilt.Issues come and go, but we elect people to the presidency. In this fast-moving information environment, today's burning issue is tomorrow's historical footnote. It's far more important to develop a sense of what kind of person we are electing to the nation's highest office. Television affords us that opportunity in a way no other medium can.。
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Lesson 7—Spring Sowing
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Text Analysis
Further Questions on Appreciation 1. What values and moral principles are being idealized here? Is it still the same today? Do you agree that the traditional work ethic is out of date? Are such qualities as hard work, diligence, thrift, responsibility, discipline, simple and honest living, rugged individualism and self-reliance, etc. still valued? 2. What changes have taken place in social ethics since our grandfathers’ time? Is there anything that remains unchanged?
burning with emotion; full of ardor
Although still not fully awake, the young couple was already greatly excited, because that day was the first day of their first spring planting after they got married.
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Lesson 7—Spring Sowing
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Text Analysis
General Analysis
Question: What kind of a harvest were the newly-weds going to have in the first day of their first spring sowing? For the young couple, the first day of their first spring sowing was an extremely important day, because it not only would determine the crop they would harvest in autumn, but also would show what kind of wife and husband they would prove to each other and what kind of family they were going to have.
More Examples
are doing or experiencing.
Instead of present participles, you can use the infinitive.
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Lesson 7—Spring Sowing
find in your spouse?
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II.
Writing Device
Onomatopoeia（拟声法）
More examples
Definition
The use of words that by their sound suggest their meaning.
to clear fireplace by shaking and pulling a toll inside it
burning coals
had been buried under the ashes
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III. Sentence Paraphrase 2
regularly.
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… sleepy and yet on fire with excitement, for it was the first day of their first spring sowing as man and wife. (Para. 3)
Part 1 (Paras. 1—8):
The young couple’s preparations for the first day of their first spring sowing
Part 2 (Paras. 9—23): A detailed description of
the spring sowing. Part 3 (Paras. 24—26): The young couple’s yearnings for the future
Lesson 7—Spring Sowing
Part Three
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Text Appreciation
I. Text Analysis 1. Theme 2. Text Structure
3. General Analysis
4. Further Questions on Appreciation II. Writing Device
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More examples
Lesson 7—Spring Sowing
II.
Writing Device
A notable example appears in The Princess by Tennyson: The moan of doves in immemorial elms, And murmuring of innumerable bees. … I have ever heard—the ripple of the river, the soughing of the trees swayed by the wind, the murmurs of the crowds, the faint ring of incomprehensible words cried from afar, the whisper of a voice speaking from beyond the threshold of an eternal darkness.
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Lesson 7—Spring Sowing
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Text Analysis
Further Questions on Appreciation
3. Let’s pretend that you are Martin Delaney or Mary living in the 21st century. What kind of a person would you like to have as your wife or husband? What qualities would you like to
Onomatopoeia
III. Sentence Paraphrase
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Setting of the Story
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Lesson 7—Spring Sowing
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Hale Waihona Puke Text Analysis
Theme
The simple life, honest nature and good wishes of the newly-married couple are presented through the descriptions of their spring planting in minute detail. It reveals the traditional virtues of a typical farmer: hard work, simple living, discipline, and
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III. Sentence Paraphrase 1
... While Mary raked out the live coals that had lain hidden in the ashes… (Para. 1)
... it was hateful leaving a warm bed at such an early hour. (Para. 2) “It + link verb + adj./noun + present participle” is a common way of commenting on what you
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III. Sentence Paraphrase 4