2013年华中科技大学考博英语经典复习方法
考研英语如何复习完整版模板9篇
考研英语如何复习完整版模板9篇考研英语如何复习完整版精选篇1最近很多准备参加考研的同学发短信要求给出考研英语方面的复习计划，我思考再三，为了能够使同学们获得最满意的复习效果，初步把考研复习分成几个阶段，同时强调了每个阶段的复习方法和重点提示，希望对把握复习作以参考。
也为不能够给每位发信息的同学及时回信表示歉意。
一、基础阶段（__年年__月～6月）：目标：夯实基础。
重点：单词、长难句。
具体要求：1、单词：《考研英语词汇速记宝典》重点掌握单词搭配和用法，细致了解词根、词缀构词用法。
重点记忆第一和第二部分。
2、泛读：每周泛读2～3篇《经济学人》、《china daily》、《时代周刊》等英文报刊上的*，了解其大概意思即可，以便扩充背景知识、锻炼猜测单词能力。
这些资料我会及时放在博客上，可以随时下载。
3、背诵：每天坚持背诵一篇*，并且在早上起来大声朗读，并在睡觉之前默写*，而且摘抄其中的重点句型的结构，然后来做反复的临摹和翻译。
我也会推荐新概念英语和真题阅读试题方面的*的，以后陆续放到博客上。
二、单项训练（7月～10月）暑期段（7——8月）：强化真题阅读具体要求：1、分成不同的题型的专项训练，包括主旨题，细节题，推理题，论据论点题，推理题，并熟悉每种题型的解题思路和方法。
每天用宏观语篇分析法来分析*，包括训练抓住*中心和段落中心的能力，也就是寻找上下文反复重复的主题词，包括分析段落的一致性和连贯性的能力，宏观分析段落的结构和逻辑思维的能力，作者的批判和褒扬情感的能力。
2、模考并仔细研究一套历年真题。
读懂每一个单词每一句话，摸清出题人思路，总结常考的语法点和语言点，重点解决考研英语的关键——复杂长难句，熟练掌握各种较长、较难的句式。
总结在本子上。
3、这一阶段要加大阅读量，提高速读和精读能力，同时也要通过阅读来巩固语法、词汇和句式。
建议进行相当数量的题型专项练习，以做题来提高实战能力。
秋期段（9——10月）：专项突破（完型、新题型、翻译）三、冲刺阶段（__月～1月考试）目标：精炼整合，冲刺作文具体要求：关于写作，还是八字方针：背诵五背原则——精彩词汇（*中的）；精彩句型；*里精彩的句子；万能的框架；经典范文默写（reading makes a full man ，conference a ready man ，writing an exact man）可以查出一些细小的错误，而这是判卷老师最不可忍受的地方。
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)答案详解
2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文选自2012年6月16日The Economist《经济学人》，原文标题是A question of judgment(《判断上的一个问题》)的文章。
本文对“作决定时不考虑背景因素是优势”这一传统观点提出异议。
文章第一段先扬后抑，由Dr.Uri Simonsohn指出，这种优势有可能是劣势。
他认为不考虑外界因素容易受片面信息影响，无法做出客观判断，并通过法官判案这个例子来支撑这一观点。
第二段Dr.Simonsohn进一步通过大学招生程序，来验证自己的观点。
针对当前面试者不受其他面试者影响这一观点，提出怀疑。
第三段具体介绍了面试过程的安排。
第四段Dr. Simonsoho分析了面试的结果，他指出面试官给面试者打分的时候，容易受到之前面试者的分数影响，验证了自己的观点。
二、试题解析1.[A]grants赋予，授予[B]submits服从，提交[C]transmits传输，发射[D]delivers传递【答案】A【考点】动词搭配【解析】第一句提到“总体而言，当人们自己做决定时，并不擅长考虑背景信息。
”第二句顺接上文，“乍一看这是一种优势”，that引导定语从句，这种优势使人们具有一种能力，即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定。
B选项submit“服从，提交”，不能与ability连用，C选项transmit“传输，发射”，也不能与ability搭配，D 选项deliver“传递”，同样不能与ability搭配。
A,C,D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不合适。
A选项grant本身具有赋予，授予的意思。
故答案选A。
2.[A]minor次要的[B]external外部的[C]crucial残酷的[D]objective客观的【答案】B【考点】上下文语义衔接+形容词辨析【解析】external外部因素和上文的background information同义复现，不考虑背景信息，不受外界因素影响。
考研英语复习攻略
考研英语复习攻略考研英语复习攻略精选篇1按照往年学姐学长复习的经验，单词的复习是贯穿考研备考始终的一个部分。
小伙伴们都知道这个道理，但是该如何背单词呢?英语基础不好，尤其是发音不对的考生，会感到单词死活记不住。
这里想要告诉大家，死记硬背已经过时，我们必须找到新的学习方法。
带入例句市面上可以买到的单词书有很多种版本，每个版本都自己的排版风格。
对于背诵单词有困难的同学来说，建议去买单词后有例句的版本。
如果你记不住单词，可以先把单词放到例句中，记住例句的时候，单词自然也就记住了。
这样的学习方法，比简单记忆单词要费时，但是从长远来看，此方法记忆单词，比较牢固。
带入真题很多考生常用的记忆单词的方法就是，买一本单词书，反复背诵，背到昏天黑地。
事实上，当我们拿到考题的时候，还是不会做题。
这时候，建议你到真题中去背诵单词。
你可能会疑惑，既然已经考过的单词，就不会再考了。
你错了，高频单词总是有的，重点单词也是有的，当你把所有真理都做完一遍到时候，你会发现很多单词是反复出现的。
所以，除了用单词书记忆之外，也可以配套历年真题来记忆。
谐音记忆值得注意的是，有一部分单词，不论你放在例句，还是放在真题中，都很难记住。
你准备放弃这类单词，但是你发现该单词频繁出现在历年真题中，该怎么办呢?这类单词，是我们记忆的最大障碍，不论想什么办法，都要去记住。
建议可以用谐音来记忆，甚至可以为这个单词编一个段子，有趣地加深记忆。
抄写单词通常而言，到国庆节之后，考生需要开始准备作文了。
在作文准备阶段，建议各位考生去抄写那些你将要在写作文中用到的单词。
记住，作文部分，写出正确的单词、写出正确的句子，是基础分;保证基础，才能谈得上结构、论证、谋篇布局。
所以，单词基础不是很扎实的同学，可以在作文准备阶段去抄写单词。
不必过多，一些可以用到作文中的单词即可。
考研英语复习攻略精选篇2英语复习第一部分：夯实基础早期基础知识复习在早期复习基础知识的时候，复习手段以词汇书和语法书为主。
2013年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年厦门大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. English-Chinese Translation 4. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．______one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.A．OnB．ByC．AtD．Of正确答案：C解析：at one time为固定词组，意义为“曾经”。
句意是，曼彻斯特曾经是世界上最大的纺织厂基地。
所以正确答案是C选项。
2．If you come to Tokyo, I can put you______in an apartment near my company.A．acrossB．downC．outD．up正确答案：D解析：四个选项的意思分别是put across使……被理解；put down放下，镇压；put out熄灭，赶走；put up供给……住宿。
句意是，如果你来东京，可以住在位于我公司附近的一处公寓里。
所以正确答案是D选项。
3．It seems oil______from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A．had leakedB．is leakingC．leakedD．has been leaking正确答案：D解析：现在完成进行时表示在一段时间内持续进行的动作，并对现在产生一定的影响。
句意是，似乎石油从管道泄漏已有一段时间了。
我们将不得不把机器拆开修理。
所以正确答案是D选项。
4．He will agree to do what you require______him.A．ofB．fromC．toD．for正确答案：A解析：四个选项的意思分别是require of sb．要求某人；require sth．from sb．要求某人某事；require to do sth．要求做某事。
2013考研英语基础班词汇-李伟
2013届考研英语词汇基础讲义English Vocabulary in Comprehension Period1.考研英语词汇总述（怎么考）----------------------------------------------22.考研词汇说文解字（怎么学）----------------------------------------------33.考研词汇综合应用（怎么用）---------------------------------------------74.附录：考研英语题源资料推荐--------------------------------------------13李伟5250911.考研英语词汇总述（怎么考）1.1英语作为外语（EFL ）词汇学习介绍艾宾浩斯记忆与遗忘曲线1.2词汇学习误区※死记硬背；※只记字面意思，忽视单词的其他意义；※单一的记忆方法；※词汇记忆缺少主次之分；※词典工具书使用不当。
1.1.33考研词汇考查方式与学习策略※二元单词学习法；※语义场学习法；※基于文本学习法；※基于构词法学习法。
2.考研词汇说文解字（怎么学）2.1精选词缀第一辑：表示否定第二辑：一正一邪第三辑：一前一后第四辑：上上下下第五辑：由远及近250912.2精选词根第一辑：千言万语第二辑：看书识字第三辑：自己动手第四辑：来来往往第五辑：明知故放第六辑：川流不息第七辑：手到擒来第八辑：其他词根1.claim,clam =cry,shout 喊叫【例词】exclaim ：呼喊，惊叫2.dict =say 言，说，也作dic【例词】contradict ：反驳，同…相矛盾，与…相抵触3.log =speak 言，说；另注：logu =speak【例词】eloquent ：有口才的，雄辩的，有说服力的4.spect =look 看；也作spic,spec 【例词】retrospect ：回顾，追溯5.vis,vid =see 看【例词】invisible ：看不见的6.gram =write,draw 写，画，文字，图形，也作graph 【例词】telegram ：电报7.liter =letter 文字，字母【例词】illiteracy ：不识字，文盲，未受教育，无知8.ag =do,act 做，动【例词】agent ：代理人9.fact =do,make 做；也作fac ，fec 【例词】manufacture ：制造，加工10.mob =move 动【例词】immobile ：不动的，固定的11.oper =work 工作【例词】co-operate ：合作，协作2591 15.fer=bring,carry带，拿【例词】transfer：转移，传递，转让16.gress=go,walk行走【例词】retrogress：后退，退步，退化17.it=go行走【例词】exit：出口，退出，太平门18.port=carry拿，带，运【例词】transportation：运送，运输，客运，货运19.ven=come来【例词】intervene：干预，干涉，介入20.cogn=know知道【例词】cognition：认识，认知21.sci=know知【例词】conscious：有意识的，自觉的22.pon=put放置【例词】postpone：退后，推迟，延期23.pos=put放置【例词】expose：揭露，揭发，使…暴露24.flu=flow流【例词】superfluous：过剩的，多余的25.fus=pour灌，流，倾泻【例词】transfuse：移注，灌输，输（血）26.hibit=hold拿，持，握【例词】exhibit：展出，展览，陈列，展示27.tain,ten,tin=hold握，持，守【例词】maintain：保持，保存，维持28.ann=year年，也作enn【例词】anniversary：周年纪念日，周年纪念29.bell=war战争【例词】rebel：反叛，反抗30.brev=short短【例词】abbreviation：缩写，缩短，节略，缩写词31.clar=clear清楚，明白【例词】clarify：讲清楚，阐明，澄清32.cord=heart心【例词】discord：不一致，不协调，不和33.liber =free 自由【例词】liberate ：解放，使获自由，释放34.miss =send 投，送，发；也作mit,mis 【例词】transmit ：传送，播送，发送35.nomin =name 名【例词】nominate ：提名，任命36.tract =draw 拉，抽，引【例词】tractor ：拖拉机37.vac =empty 空，也作vacu【例词】evacuate ：撤走，疏散，撤离3.考研词汇综合应用—怎么用【真题应用示范】冷僻词汇1.同位释义Euthanasia ,often called mercy killing,has now been in practice in some countries even if it is still a controversy.Obesity ,or fatness,has become a global epidemic affecting the lives and health of millions of people.About 300water,2.On red,orange,Jane was Stones are than rock.So it seems She is 3.The exist now.4.近义释义It is a wise father that knows his own child,but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly)wisdom –or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad.All he needs to do is shell out $30for paternity testing kit (PTK)at his local drugstore –and another $120to get the results.…paternity and kinship testing ……ancestry testing……genetic testing ……DNA testing…5.语音释义外来词：Hormone,Mahjong,koala,éclair,madam,delta,El Nino,应用词汇1.熟词僻义Hot air.Hot cell Hot debateIt’s very hot here!I am hot !Reasoning plays a decisive role in the debate.The executives are going to summer at the seaside next week.This phenomenon clearly mirrors a terrible social crisis:……This trend echoed by the chart can be viewed as an optimistic change in our daily life.These seemingly brutal animals won’t attack unless they are cornered .Social science disciplines include geography,economics,political science,psychology,and sociology.2.热点词汇【范例一】In spite of “endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people.There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture.….Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,”these were stores “anyone could enter,regardless of class or background.This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”The mass media,advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Rodriguez notes that …,yet “some Americans …to the nation’s assimilative power.”（2006年阅读第1篇）21.The word “homogenizing homogenizing””(Line [A]identifying [B]associating [C]assimilating [D]monopolizingHabits are a funny thing.We reach relaxing into the unconscious comfort unreflecting herd,”William century,even the word “habit”carries a 21.The view of Wordsworth habit is [A].casual [B].familiar [C].mechanical [D].changeable【范例三】In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA)listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of 42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.….（2008年阅读第3篇）t 259131.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____.[A]illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B]show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C]compare different generations of NBA players.[D]assess the achievements of famous NBA players.【范例四】Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.Any threat of monopoly,they argue,is removed by fierce competition from trucks.But many shippers complain that…and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.（2003年阅读第3篇）51.According to those who support mergers,railway monopoly is unlikely because________.[A]cost reduction is based on competition[B]services call for cross-trade coordination[C]outside competitors will continue to exist[D]shippers will have the railway by the throat【范例五】….Railroads typically charge such“captive”shippers20to30percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business.Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government’s Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive,time consuming,and will work only in truly extreme cases.（2003年阅读第3篇）53.It can be inferred from paragraph3that________.[A]shippers will be charged less without a rival railroad[B]there will soon be only one railroad company nationwide[C]overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief[D]a government board ensures fair play in railway business【范例六】In1784,five years before he became president of the United States,George Washington,52, was nearly toothless.So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw-having extracted them from the months of his slaves.That’s far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books…….（2008年阅读第4篇）36.George WashingtonWashington’’s dental surgery is mentioned to____.[A]show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B]demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C]stress the role of slaves in the U.S.history.[D]reveal some unknown aspect of his life.【范例七】In just one generation,millions of mothers have gone to work,transforming basic family25091economics.Scholars,policymakers,and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes,but few have looked at the side effect:family risk has risen as well.Today’s families ….As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had ....（2007年阅读第3篇）31.Today Today’’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that ____.[A]the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B]their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C]they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D]they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.【范例八】Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying …Their work makes a rather startling assertion:the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated.Or,put another way,expert performers –whether in memory or surgery,ballet or computer programming –are nearly always made,not born.（2007年阅读第1篇）24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that ____.[A]talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B]biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C]the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D]high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.识记词汇合成、派生、混合——曲折迂回A ：合成Policymaker,lawmaker,moonlight,moonbeam,mooncraft,warhorse,warpath,warlord,greenhouse,green-eyed,greenroom ,palmtop,counterbalance,rainbird,ladybird,dog days B ：派生desertification,futurologist,forepayment,C ：混合motel,bioterrorist,Interpol,heliport,ecosystem,Netizen【阅读应用示范】A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap,but,if properly handled,it may become a driving force.When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War,it had a market eight times larger than any competitor,giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale.Its scientists were the world’s best,its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer.Just as inevitably,the retreat from predominance proved painful.By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness.Some huge American industries,such as consumer electronics,had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.By 1987there was only one American television maker left,Zenith.(Now there is none:Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.)Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes.For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors,which America had invented and which sat at25091the heart of the new computer age,was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence.Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted.They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing,and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well.The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline.Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed!In 1995the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling.Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride.“American industry has changed its structure,has gone on a diet,has learnt to be more quick-witted,”according to Richard Cavanagh,executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government.“It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,”says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute,a think-tank in Washington,D.C.And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”1.The U.S.achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A]it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B]its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C]the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D]the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy2.The loss of U.S.predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A]TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B]semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises [C]machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions [D]auto industry had lost part of its domestic market参考答案：CDWhen it comes to the slowing economy,Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet.But the47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting,filing or polishing as many nails as she’d like to,either.Most of her clients spend $12to $50weekly,but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy.“I’m a good economic indicator,”she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.”So Spero is downscaling,shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home,instead of Neiman Marcus.“I don’t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.”she says.1.By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”(Lines 1-2,Paragraph 1),the author means52.o ________.[A]Spero can hardly maintain her business [B]Spero is too much engaged in her work [C]Spero has grown out of her bad habit [D]Spero is not in a desperate situation参考答案：D【完形应用示范】The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately ownedbusinesses play 41roles.The American free enterprise system42private ownershipmore than public sectors.Private businesses produce 43goods and services,44almosttwo-thirds of the nation’s total economic output goes to 45for personal use.The consumerrole is 46great,in fact,that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “47economy”.This emphasis48private ownership arises,49,from American beliefs aboutpersonal freedom.From the time the government power,and they have including its role in the economic realm.53,American generally believe to operate more54than55forces are unfettered,Americans services.Prices,in turn,tell businesses than the economy is producing,the price or other companies that,58an goods.On the other hand,if people producers either go out of business or 41.[A]insignificant [B]42.[A]emphasizes [B]praises [C]evaluates [D]compares 43.[A]major [B]minor [C]most [D]less 44.[A]while [B]but [C]although [D]and 45.[A]government [B]business [C]individuals [D]families 46.[A]such [B]so [C]very [D]extremely 47.[A]market [B]people [C]consumer [D]plan 48.[A]on[B]in[C]with[D]atb 49.[A]in effect [B]in the light of [C]in short [D]in part 50.[A]invented [B]forged [C]manufactured [D]created 51.[A]exterminated [B]scared [C]appreciate [D]feared 52.[A]expand [B]develop [C]limit [D]destroy 53.[A]However [B]Nevertheless [C]Additionally [D]Similarly 54.[A]powerfully [B]efficiently [C]sufficiently [D]fundamentally 55.[A]these [B]those [C]it [D]one56.[A]order [B]illustrate [C]manifest [D]determine57.[A]falls [B]raises [C]rises [D]climbs58.[A]neglecting [B]overcoming [C]feeling [D]sensing 59.[A]than [B]of [C]off [D]on 60.[A]different[B]better[C]qualified[D]authentic参考答案：21-25ADBBA 26-30D DAAA31-35DBCAD36-40ABBDA4.附录：考研英语题源资料推荐25091/。
考研英语复习资料
考研英语复习资料考研英语复习资料精选篇1一、先从阅读下手哲学上讲，要抓住主要矛盾。
考研英语也是同理。
建议大家在复习的时候要先从阅读下手。
当然做阅读有一个必备的前提那就是掌握大量单词。
合抱之木，生于毫末;九层之台，起于垒土。
只有不断扩充我们的单词量，才能让我们在阅读英语*时得心应手。
Why?攻克阅读对于其他几项有提纲挈领的作用。
阅读中会涉及到各种句型短语，我们的英语语感也在阅读能力的提升中不知不觉中得以建立，这种看似非常玄妙的能力在英语考试中往往会起到意想不到的作用。
How?首先江湖上广为流传的一个方法是把英语阅读全篇翻译成汉语。
对于这种方法是仁者见仁智者见智。
当然如果你有大量的时间和顽强的毅力可以试试这个方法。
不过，无论用什么方法，做英语阅读的根本是完完全全地理解整篇*。
把题作对不是终点，在点滴积累中提高自己的阅读能力才是王道。
阅读练习需要一个长期不间断地努力。
阅读练习在质不在量。
建议大家可以每天做2篇阅读，并且一定要完全吃透这两篇*。
同学们在做阅读的时候，可以把自己不认识的以及理解模糊的单词、读不通的句型打上记号。
等大家把自己做错的题弄懂以后，就可以回过头来处理带记号的单词和句子。
最后要把*再快速浏览一遍，最终达到快速理解整篇*意思这个程度。
做到这些才算彻底吃透一篇英语阅读。
二、攻破完型填空很多人会建议考研党在英语考试的时候将完形填空留在最后再做，因为完型不仅题量大，而且每个空的分值较低。
当然完型具体在什么时候做完全可以视自己情况而定。
完形填空考察的除了一些固定搭配，还有重要的一项就是在近义词中选出正确选项。
近义词的辨析一直都是让人非常头疼的一类题，要想做对它，要求我们平时背单词的时候要多关注词的英文解释，以及它在句子中的具体使用情况。
三、后期准备翻译和作文翻译和作文这两项可以放在中后期进行准备。
同学们可以给自己规定每天必须翻译几个句子。
同时在进行翻译和作文练习的时候，一定要注意多加总结归类，不能让练习流于表面。
北京大学考博英语2013年试题及答案解析
北京大学2013年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part One: Listening ComprehensionSection A (10%)Directions: In this section you will hear 3 passages. Each passage will be read only ONCE. At the end of each passage, there will be a pause. Listen carefully to the passagesand then answer the questions that follow. Mark your choice on the AnswerSheet.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the passage you have just heard.1. Which of the following statements is true about heart disease?A. It kills 2.6 million people all over the world each year.B. It is a major disease in Western countries.C. It is caused by the blood supply that nourishes the heart muscle.D. It can cause the blood vessels to become blocked.2. What can we learn from the study in England and Scotland?A. There are more meat and fish eaters than vegetarians in the study.B. 32% of the people in the study are vegetarians.C. People who have normal blood pressure and a healthy weight-are eligible for the study.D. No vegetarians died from heart disease in the study.3. What did Tracy Parker from the British Heart Foundation suggest?A. Eating more vegetables would result in a healthy heart.B. Vegetarians should eat foods high in saturated fat and salt, too.C. We should try to avoid meat in our diet.D. Vegetarians had better eat meat to compensate for any lost vitamins and minerals. Passage TwoQuestions 4 to 6 are based on the passage you have just heard.4. Which of the following statements in NOT true about the Chinese version of James Joyce’snovel Finnegans Wake?A. It took the translator 8 years to translate.B. It was so popular among readers that a second edition was being printed.C. The first run of 8,000 copies sold out in less than a month.D. It was one of the bestsellers in Shanghai last week.5. What did the translator Ms. Dai say about her work?A. Her work was not faithful to the original intent of the novel.B. She had tried to make her work as complex as the original.C. She had tried to make her work easy to understand.D. She was not surprised that her work had become a hit in the country.6. How did some critics explain the “Finnegans Wake” phenomenon in China?A. It’s because the stream of consciousness style was warmly received by Chinese readers.B. It’s because the demand for translation of foreign-language novels exploded.C. It’s because the translation of the highbrow novel tickled some Chinese readers’ vanity.D. It’s because Chinese readers were interested in the novelist who was mentally ill. Passage ThreeQuestions 7 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.7. Talking about the world’s most prolific killers, which of the following is NOT mentioned by thespeaker?A.SharksB.LionsC.Cats D.Rodents8. How many birds do domestic cats kill each year?A. Between 1.4 billion and 3.7 billionB.20billionC. 33 bird speciesD. 14% of all bird species9. Why have researchers called on authorities to deal with cats?A. Because the population of cats is increasing.B. Because cats are finely tuned killers under the guise of cute, cuddly friends.C. Because cats have caused species extinctions and affect the integrity of our ecosystems.D. Because cats don’t play integral roles in our ecosystems.10. Which of the following statements is true about free-ranging domestic cats?A. They have the same hunting strategies as lions and tigers do.B. They are allowed to leave home and go anywhere they want.C. Their owners usually watch over them.D. Their owners are pleased when they take dead animals home.Section B (10%)Directions: In this section you will hear a talk about American literature. While listening, focus on the major points and do not forget to take notes. After that, complete the following outline by filling in the blanks numbered from B1 to B20 with key words. The talk will be read TWICE.There will be a One Minute pause between the first and the second reading. Then you will have another One Minute to check your work after the second reading. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OUTLINEMoveme nt Title TimePeriodOrigins Core Beliefs and Important FiguresTranscen dentalis m B1s–1860sNewB2,the northeasternpart ofthe USThe writers showed a difference from British writers,British cultural tradition and B3.Individuals did not need B4B5.Individuals were encouraged to be B6on themselves.Ralph Waldo Emerson: published Nature in B7 .Romanti cism 1830s–1870sBritishand B8It is centered on strong B9and imagination ratherthan B10 thought.American works also focus on the B11and on humanB12.Edgar Allen Poe: best known for tales filled withB13. We might now call his work B14 stories.B15 1870s–1920s France The writers focused on events that were usual and typical rather than B16 or B17.Many writers wrote about real conditions of real peopleto educate the B18B19.Mark Twain: wrote about everyday life in the B20 statesof the US.Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (15%)Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET.11. Prince Charles, the longest-waiting to the throne in British history, has spoken of his“impatience” to get things done.A.heir B.heirship C.heritage D.heiress12. Love was in the air in a Tokyo park as normally staid Japanese husbands gathered to screamout their feelings for their wives, promising and extra tight hugs.A.attitudeB.multitude C.gratitude D.latitude13. The number of stay-at-home fathers reached a record high last year, new figures show, asfamilies saw a in female breadwinners.A. raiseB. riseC. ariseD. increase14. The market for dust masks and air purifiers is in Beijing because the capital hasbeen shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.A. boomingB. loomingC. doomingD. zooming15. Traditional fairytales are being ditched by parents because they are too for theiryoung children, a study found.A.scarceB.scaryC.scaredD.scarred16. It has been revealed that nearly one in five degree courses has been since thetripling of tuition fees to ￡9,000 a year.A. scratchedB. scrapedC. scrabbledD. scrapped17. Microsoft founder Bill Gates has about being a parent, stating that 13 is anappropriate age for a child’s first cell phone.A.openedup B.takenup C.putupD.heldup18. Sales of mushrooms have hit an all-time high as Britons increasingly turn to the cheap andfoodstuff for their cooking.A. versatileB. multipleC. manifoldD. diverse19. “Gangnam Style”, the popular song form South Korean recording artist PSY hasjust become the most watched video on YouTube ever.A.sanelyB.insanely C.rationally D.insatiably20. The British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview thatheaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.A.imposing B.lofty C.prominentD.eminent21. Some might consider it an ugly truth that attractive people are often more successful thanthose_______ blessed with looks.A. lessB. moreC. mostD. least22. they think it will come to an end through the hands of God, or a natural disaster or apolitical event, whatever the reason, nearly 15 percent of people worldwide think the end of the world is coming, according to a new poll.Neither D.Whether C.IfA.B.Either23. The European Parliament has banned the terms “Miss” and “Mrs.” they offendfemale members.A. as long asB. the momentC. so thatD. in case24. Packed like sardines into sweaty, claustrophobic subway carriages, passengers can barelybreathe, move about freely.A. as well asB. disregard forC. let aloneD. not mentioning25. Japan is one of only three countries that now hunt whales and the government saysit is an important cultural tradition.D.whosewhereA.that B.whichC.Part Three: Cloze Test 15%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and decide the best choice for each numbered blank. Mark your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Ironically, the intellectual tools currently being used by the political right to such harmful effect originated on the academic left. In the 1960s and 1970s a philosophical movement called postmodernism developed among humanities professors (26) being deposed by science, which they regard as right-learning. Postmodernism (27) ideas from cultural anthropology and relativity theory to argue that truth is (28) and subject to the assumptions and prejudices of the observer. Science is just one of many ways of knowing, the argued, neither more nor less (29) than others, like those of Aborigines, Native Americans or women. (30) , they defined science as the way of knowing among Western white men and a tool of cultural (31) . This argument (32) with many feminists and civil-rights activists and became widely adopted, leaking to the “political correctness” justifiably (33) by Rush Limbaugh and the “mental masturbation” lampooned by Woody Allen.Acceptance of this relativistic worldview (34) democracy and leads not to tolerance but to authoritarianism. John Locke, one of Jefferson’s” trinity of three greatest men,” showed (35) almost three centuries ago. Locke watched the arguing factions of Protestantism, each claiming to be the one true religion, and asked: How do we know something to be true? What is the basis of knowledge? In 1689, he (36) what knowledge is and how it is grounded in observations of the physical world in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. Any claim that fails this test is “but faithful, or opinion, but not knowledge.” It was this idea—that the world is knowable and that objective, empirical knowledge is the most (37) basis for public policy—that stood as Jefferson’s foundational argument for democracy.By falsely (38) knowledge with opinion, postmodernists and ant science conservatives alike collapse our thinking back to a pre-Enlightenment ear, leaving no common basis for public policy. Public discourse is (39) to endless warring opinions, none seen as more valid than another. Policy is determined by the loudest voices, reducing us to a world in which might (40) right—the classic definition of authoritarianism.26. A. satisfied with B. angry with C. displeased at D. proud ofsharedadopted D.doubted C.27.A.discounted B.C.cultural D.subjectiverelative objective B.28.A.valuable D.variousvalidC.B.29.A.variableFurthermoreD.Otherwise30. A. However B. Therefore C.representation D.B.oppressioninhibition C.31.A.assimilationappealed D.respondedagreed C.resonated B.A.32.verified D.hatedapproved C.33.liked B.A.underminesD.produces C.strengthensA.B.34.offsetsC.whichwhy D.whatwhen B.35.A.dictated D.claimeddefined C.A.36.found B.D.equitableusefulC.37.practical B.A.equalequating D.confusingC.equipping38.A.identifying B.conduced D.reducedC.introducedA.deduced B.39.C.creatscausesD.makesB.A.40.decidesPart Four: Reading Comprehension (20%)Directions: Each of the following four passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each question or unfinished statement, four answers are given. Readthe passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark yourchoices on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneA considerable part of Facebook’s appeal stems from its miraculous fusion of distance with intimacy, or the illusion of distance with the illusion of intimacy. Our online communities become engines of self-image, and self-image becomes the engine of community. The real danger with Facebook is not that it allows us to isolate ourselves, but that by mixing our appetite for isolation with our vanity, it threatens to alter the very nature of solitude. The new isolation is not of the kind that Americans once idealized, the lonesomeness of the proudly nonconformist, independent-minded, solitary stoic, or that of the astronaut who blasts into new worlds. Facebook’s isolation is a grind. What’s truly staggering about Facebook usage is not its volume—750 million photographs uploaded over a single weekend—but the constancy of the performance it demands. More than half its users—and one of every 13 people on Earth is a Facebook user—log on every day. Among 18-to-34-year-olds, nearly half check Facebook minutes after waking up, and 28 percent do so before getting out of bed. The relentlessness is what is so new, so potentially transformative. Facebook never takes a break. We never take a break. Human beings have always created elaborate acts of self-presentation. But not all the time, not every morning, before we even pour a cup of coffee.Nostalgia for the good old days of disconnection would not just be pointless, it would be hypocritical and ungrateful. But the very magic of the new machines, the efficiency and elegance with which they serve us, obscures what isn’t being served: everything that matters. What Facebook has revealed about human nature—and this is not a minor revelation—is that a connection is not the same thing as a bond, and that instant and total connection is no salvation, no ticket to a happier, better world or a more liberated version of humanity. Solitude used to be good for self-reflection and self-reinvention. But now we are left thinking about who we are all the time,without ever really thinking about who we are. Facebook denies us a pleasure whose profundity we had underestimated: the chance to forget about ourselves for a while, the chance to disconnect.41. Which of the following statements regarding the power of Facebook can be inferred from the passage?A. It creates the isolation people want.B. It delivers a more friendly world.C. It produces intimacy people lack in the real world.D. It enables us to be social while avoiding the mess of human interaction.42. Which of the following statements about the underside of Facebook is supported by theinformation contained in this passage?A. It imprisons people in the business of self-presentation.B. It causes social disintegration.C. It makes people vainer.D. It makes people lonelier.43. Which of the following best states “the new isolation” mentioned by the author?A. It is full of the spirit of adventure.B. It is the extension of individualismC. It has a touch of narcissism.D. It evolves from the appetite for independence.44. Which of the following belongs to the category of “something that matters” according to thepassage?A. Constant connectionB. Instant communicationC. Smooth sociabilityD. A human bond45. Which of the following conclusions about Facebook does the author want us to draw?A. It creates friendship.B. It denies us the pleasure of socializing.C. It opens a new world for us.D. It draws us into a paradox.Passage TwoMost scholars agree that Isaac Newton, while formulating the laws of force and gravity and inventing the calculus in the late 1600s, probably knew all the science there was to know at the time. In the ensuing 350 years an estimated 50 million research papers and innumerable books have been published in the natural sciences and mathematics. The modern high school student probably now possesses more scientific knowledge than Newton did, yet science to many people seems to be an impenetrable mountain of facts.One way scientists have tried to cope with this mountain is by becoming more and more specialized. Another strategy for coping with the mountain of information is to largely ignore it. That shouldn’t come as a surprise. Sure, you have to know a lot to be a scientist, but knowing a lot is not what makes a scientist. What makes a scientist is ignorance. This may sound ridiculous, but for scientists the facts are just a starting place. In science, every new discovery raises 10 new questions.By this calculus, ignorance will always grow faster than knowledge. Scientists and laypeoplealike would agree that for all we have come to know, there is far more we don’t know. More important, everyday there is far more we know we don’t know. One crucial outcome of scientific knowledge is to generate new and better ways of being ignorant: not the kind of ignorance that is associated with a lack of curiosity or education but rather a cultivated, high-quality ignorance. This gets to the essence of what scientists do: they make distinctions between qualities of ignorance. They do it in grant proposals and over beers at meetings. As James Clerk Maxwell, probably the greatest physicist between Newton and Einstein, said, “Thoroughly conscious ignorance ... is a prelude to every real advance in knowledge.”This perspective on science—that it is about the questions more than the answers—should come as something of a relief. It makes science less threatening and far more friendly and, in fact, fun. Science becomes a series of elegant puzzles and puzzles within puzzles—and who doesn’t like puzzles? Questions are also more accessible and often more interesting than answers; answers tend to be the end of the process, whereas questions have you in the thick of things.Lately this side of science has taken a backseat in the public mind to what I call the accumulation view of science—that it is a pile of facts way too big for us to ever hope to conquer. But if scientists would talk about the questions, and if the media reported not only on new discoveries but the questions they answered and the new puzzles they created, and if educators stopped trafficking in facts that are already available on Wikipedia—then we might find a public once again engaged in this great adventure that has been going on for the past 15 generations.46. Which of the following would most scholars agree to about Newton and science?A. Newton was the only person who knew all the science in the 1660s.B. Newton’s laws of force and gravity dominated science for 350 years.C. Since Newton’s time, science has developed into a mountain of facts.D. A high school student probably knows more science than Newton did.47. Which of the following is best supported in this passage?A. A scientist is a master of knowledge.B. Knowledge generates better ignorance.C. Ignorance is a sigh of lack of education.D. Good scientists are thoroughly ignorant.48. Why is it a relief that science is about the questions more than the answers?A. Because people like solving puzzles.B. Because questions make science accessible.C. Because there are more questions than answers.D. Because questions point the way to deep answers.49. The expression “take a backseat” (line 1, paragraph 5) probably means .A. take a back placeB. have a different roleC. be of greater priorityD. become less important50. What is the author’s greatest concern in the passage?A. The involvement of the public in scienceB. Scientists’ enjoyment of ignoranceC. The accumulation of scientific knowledgeD. Newton’s standing in the history of sciencePassage ThreeInformation technology that helps doctors and patients make decisions has been around for a long time. Crude online tools like WebMD get millions of visitors a day. But Watson is a different beast. According to IBM, it can digest information and make recommendations much more quickly, and more intelligently, than perhaps any machine before it—processing up to 60 million pages of text per second, even when that text is in the form of plain old prose, or what scientists call “natural language.”That’s no small thing, because something like 80 percent of all information is “unstructured.” In medicine, it consists of physician notes dictated into medical records, long-winded sentences published in academic journals, and raw numbers stored online by public-health departments. At least in theory, Watson can make sense of it all. It can sit in on patient examinations, silently listening. And over time, it can learn and get better at figuring out medical problems and ways of treating them the more it interacts with real cases. Watson even has the ability to convey doubt. When it makes diagnoses and recommends treatments, it usually issues a series of possibilities, each with its own level of confidence attached.Medicine has never before had a tool quite like this. And at an unofficial coming-out party in Las Vegas last year, during the annual meeting of the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, more than 1,000 professionals packed a large hotel conference hall, and an overflow room nearby, to hear a presentation by Marty Kohn, an emergency-room physician and a clinical leader of the IBM team training Watson for health care. Standing before a video screen that dwarfed his large frame, Kohn described in his husky voice how Watson could be a game changer—not just in highly specialized fields like oncology but also in primary care, given that all doctors can make mistakes that lead to costly, sometimes dangerous, treatment errors.Drawing on his own clinical experience and on academic studies, Kohn explained that about one-third of these errors appear to be products of misdiagnosis, one cause of which is “anchoring bias”: human beings’ tendency to rely too heavily on a single piece of information. This happens all the time in doctors’ offices, clinics, and emergency rooms. A physician hears about two or three symptoms, seizes on a diagnosis consistent with those, and subconsciously discounts evidence that points to something else. Or a physician hits upon the right diagnosis, but fails to realize that it’s incomplete, and ends up treating just one condition when the patient is, in fact, suffering from several. Tools like Watson are less prone to those failings. As such, Kohn believes, they may eventually become as ubiquitous in doctors’ offices as the stethoscope.“Watson fills in for some human limitations,” Kohn told me in an interview. “Studies show that humans are good at taking a relatively limited list of possibilities and using that list, but are far less adept at using huge volumes of information. That’s where Watson shines: taking a huge list of information and winnowing it down.”51. What is Watson?A. It is a person who aids doctors in processing medical record.B. It is an online tool that connects doctors over different places.C. It is an intelligent computer that helps doctors make decisions.D. It is beast that greets millions of visitors to a medical institution.52. Which of the following is beyond Watson’s ability?A. Talk with the patient.probability.B.CalculateC. Recommend treatment.D. Process sophisticated data.53. Marty Kohn .A. gave a presentation at an academic conferenceB. works for the IBM Training DivisionC. is a short person with a husky voiceD. expressed optimism for Watson54. “Anchoring bias” .A. is a device ubiquitous in doctor’s officesB. is less likely to be committed by WatsonC. happens in one third of medical treatmentsD. is a wrong diagnosis with incomplete information55. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?A. Watson as a shining starB. The risks of misdiagnosisC. The Robot Will See You NowD. IBM’s IT solution to medicinePassage FourThe contribution genes make intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against the notion most people hold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life” says Robert Plomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetic. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomin’s team pooled date from six separate studies carried out in the US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetic to measure a quantity called genetic cognitive ability, or “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with same genes, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomin’s team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation in intelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percent; by young adulthood, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older, they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says “Kids with high G will use their environment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded.” Children with medium to low G may choose less challenging pastimes and activities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability doesn’t mean at all that there’s nothing you can do about it,” says Susanne Jaeggi, “Form our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training.”Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead of it being tailored to children’s natural abilities. “My inclinationwould be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that education needs to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talents.”56. What is the common notion that people hold about genes?A. Humans can do little to change the genetic differences between people.B. Genetic influence becomes stronger when people receive education.C. Genes contribute more to one’s intelligence than environmental factors.D. Environmental factors lesson the influence of genes on one’s intelligence.57. The study by Plomin’s team aims to find out .A. whether variations in intelligence are caused by genetic differencesB. how to overpower genetic factors with new educational approachesC. whether genetic contribution to one’s intelligence varies with ageD. the relationship between environment and genes58. From the experiment with twins, Plomin’s team draws a conclusion that .A. genetic contribution increases when one grows olderB. genetic influence decreases when age increasesC. environment has more impact on fraternal twins than identical twinsD. it remains a mystery how genes and environment co-influence people59. The word “patter” in paragraph four is closest in meaning to .cognitiveabilityA.B. strong heritabilityC. genetic legacyD. challenging pastimes60. Which of the following might Plomin’s team least agree to?A. An identical curriculum to school childrenB. A differentiated course design to children with varied IQC. More effort directed at children with medium or low GD. Education tailored to children’s natural abilitiesPart Five: Proofreading (15%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 15 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, just cross it out. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Examples:eg. (61) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (61) begun beganeg. (62) Scarcely the settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when curtain went up. Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (62) (Scarcely) had (they)eg. (63) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2): (63) not(61)The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives — almost entire for。
考研英语复习复习方法
考研英语复习复习方法考研，是一个学习的过程，英语，是无止境的学习。
下面是给大家的怎么复习，供大家参阅!英语的学习是个长期积累的过程：单词的积累、语法的稳固、阅读水平的提高以及写作能力的加强都需要每日刻苦的学习和积累。
20xx年考研英语的复习应该逐步展开了, 纵观全局, 将英语的全程复习分为下面几个阶段, 详细安排如下:第一阶段：夯实根底阶段(5月份之前)：任务内容：1. 将大纲要求的5500单词和常见的超纲单词750、短语和固定搭配870背3遍。
2. 将考研的写作核心词汇仔细过3遍。
3. 将考研语法融会贯穿，理解记忆2遍。
4. 熟悉考研试题，了解其难度和各种题型。
5. 精读英语文章，熟悉英文写作思路，通过阅读记单词。
6. 通过考研长难句练习语法。
在记单词的同时，熟悉考研题型与难度。
在进入下一轮词汇背诵之前，应将本轮词汇认真复习1遍。
在背诵的同时，应该划掉已经掌握的单词。
每背一遍下一遍应背的词汇量就减少。
将时间和精力集中到不熟悉、需要加强的单词上。
1. 词汇是一切的根底，这是写作与做题的根底。
2. 根据科学，反复记忆，才能做到事半功倍。
3. 只有先了解考研作文要用的核心词汇才能会在需要时应用。
4. 语法是中国考试制度中不可无视的一局部，是翻译的根底第二阶段：强化提高(专项练习)阶段(6月—8月)1.“温故而知新”。
2. 考研英语着重考察两种能力：一是通过单词和语法理解别人的思想，即阅读理解;二是通过单词和语法表达自己，即写作。
第一阶段正是第二阶段的根底。
3. 只有亲自下笔写，才能体会写作的真谛。
做到下笔如有神。
第三阶段：模考阶段(9——11月)1.通过套题的练习, 将前一阶段的专项练习进展强化和。
2.通过练习精益求精。
第四阶段：冲刺阶段(12月)1.通过研究真题，获得解题技巧。
2.通过练习精益求精。
第五阶段：点睛阶段(1月)1. 模拟题是非常必要的，只有通过做仿真的模拟题和冲刺题才能提高解题技巧。
历年湖北省华中科技大学英语考博真题
以下是[⽆忧★考]为⼤家整理的《历年湖北省华中科技⼤学英语考博真题》的⽂章，供⼤家参考阅读！ 华中科技⼤学 2010年招收博⼠研究⽣⼊学考试试题 考试科⽬：英语 适合专业：各专业 Part I Cloze (0.5x20=10%) Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank inthe passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Who won the World Cup 1994 football game? What happened at the .United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? 1 en event takes place, newspapers are on the street 2 the details. 3 anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to gather the news. Newspapers have one basic 4 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to 5 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 6 inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication. 7 , this competitionmerely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the 8 and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are 9 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to 10 out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers informed of the latest news, today's newspapers entertain and influence readers about politics and other important and serious 11 Newspapers influence readers' economic choices 12 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very 13 Newspapers are sold at a price that 14 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main 15 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The 16 in selling advertising depends newspaper's value to advertisers. This 17 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends 18 on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment 19 in a newspaper's pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper's value to readers as a source of information 20 the community, city, county, state, nation and world……and even outer space. 1. A. Just when B. While C. Soon after D, Before 2. A. to give B. giving C. given D. being given 3. A. Wherever B. Whatever C. However D. Whichever 4. A. reason B. cause C. problem D. purpose 5. A. make B. publish C. know D. write 6. A. another B. other C. one another D. the other 7. A. HoweverB. AndC. ThereforeD. So 8. A. value B. ratio C. rate D. speed 9. A. spread B. passed C. printed D. completed10. A. provoke B. jump C. step D. branch 11. A. matters B. affairs C. things D. events 12. A. on B. through C. with D. of 13. A. forms B. existence C. contents D. purpose 14. A. tries to cover B. manages to cover C. fails to cover D. succeeds in 15. A. source B. origin C.course D. finance 16. A. way B. means C. chance D. success 17. A. measures B. measured C. is measured D. was measured 18. A. somewhat B. little C. much D. something 19. A. offering B. offered C. which offered D. to be offered 20. A. by B. with C. at D. about Part II Reading comprehension (20x2=40%) Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions. You are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet. Passage One Early in the sixteenth century, Francis Bacon proposed that science consisted in the elevation of the authority of experiment and observation over that of reason, intuition, and convention. Bacon thought that as more and more reliable and precise particular facts, accumulate, they can be classified and generalized, resulting in an ever-expanding hierarchy of useful “axioms”. This is what he meant by" induction". Although many people today continue to regard the collection of facts and their arrangement by induction into theories as the heart of scientific method, Bacon's conception of what facts and theories are and of the relationship between them was hopelessly unrealistic even in his own time. The most important early scientific discoveries …… such as those made by Galileo about the movement of the earth, by Keppler about the elliptical shape of planetary orbits, and later by Newton about the" force" of gravity …… could never have been made if Bacon's rules had prevailed. Determined to avoid all premature speculations, Bacon proposed that data gathering be carried out by illiterate assistants with no interest in whether an experiment turned out one way or another. Plain facts, properly arranged, would automatically lead to certain knowledge of the universe. Nothing could be more misrepresentative of the actual problem-solving techniques of the scientific method. That plain facts do not speak for themselves is evident from Bacon's own acceptance of the errors contained in what appeared to be the most "obvious" of facts. For Bacon, that the earth did not move was a fact because it could be seen not to move; and for Bacon it was a-fact that life was being spontaneously generated because maggots always developed in putrid flesh and frogs appeared after every rain. What is clear is that the great breakthroughs of Newton, Darwin, or Marx could never have been achieved solely on the basis of Baconian fact gathering. Facts are always unreliable without theories which guide their collection and which distinguish between superficial and significant appearances. 21. According to Bacon, facts 。
武大考博英语试题及答案
武汉大学2017年攻读博士学位研究生外语综合水平考试试题（满分值100分）科目名称：英语科目代码：1101注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。
Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points)Directions:In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire.On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average.Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrong with the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth.Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase.But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.Uber and Airbnb are bringing dramatic improvements to two large industries that have been more or less stuck for decades. Morgan Stanley estimates that driverless cars could result in $507 billion a year of productivity gains in America, mainly from people being able to stare at their laptops instead of at the road.1.What has led to the pessimistic opinion concerning the world’s economy?A.It is based on macro-level statistics on productivity.B.It is based on close observation on corporate and investor behavior.C.It is due to the fact that many old firms are not run by bureaucrats.D.It is due to the fact that not enough new firms have been created.2.The first argument on the optimists’ side is unconvincing because the official figures________.A.are both wrong and unconvincingB.downplay the internet revolutionC.fail to include the consumer surplusD.can’t explain the decline in productivity growth3.What is true about the IT companies in Silicon Valley??A.They have only focused on the fun part of life.B.They have made a difference in the real world.C.They have more persuasive productivity.D.They have only just begun to develop.4.How can driverless cars benefit American industries?A.Driverless cars have revived two large American industries.B.The sale of driverless cars can reach hundreds of billion dollars.C.Thanks to them people free from driving can do more creative work.D.Driverless cars have stimulated the development of Uber and Airbnb.Passage TwoWinston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill’s life.Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 andfollows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days when Britain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece and Crete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse to the South China Sea without adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.He highlights Churchill’s naiveté in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin’s land grab in Eastern Europe at the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill’s fear that the United States might decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first” understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.5.What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill?A.They were written in an interesting style.B.They were written prior to Churchill’s death.C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.6.Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times?A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.7.Why does the third volume prove to be worthy?A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.B.It involves enough details in Churchill’s life.C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.8.What can we know about Churchill through the third volume?A.He is a man with complexity.B.He pulled Britain through WWII.C.He made many strategic mistakes.D.He is courageous and inspirational.Passage ThreeAsteroids and comets that repeatedly smashed into the early Earth covered the planet’s surface with molten rock during its earliest days, but still may have left oases of water that could have supported the evolution of life, scientists say. The new study reveals that during the planet’s infancy, the surface of the Earth was a hellish environment, but perhaps not as hellish as often thought, scientists added.Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The first 500 million years of its life are known as the Hadean Eon. Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history, little is known about it, since few rocks are known that are older than 3.8 billion years old.For much of the Hadean, Earth and its sister worlds in the inner solar system were pummeled with an extraordinary number of cosmic impacts. “It was thought that because of these asteroids and comets flying around colliding with Earth, conditions on early Earth may have been hellish,” said lead study author Simone Marchi, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. This imagined hellishness gave the eon its name —Hadean comes from Hades, the lord of the underworld in Greek mythology.However, in the past dozen years or so, a radically different picture of the Hadean began to emerge. Analysis of minerals trapped within microscopic zircon crystals dating from this econ “suggested that there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth back then, clashing with the previous picture that the Hadean was hellish,” Marchi said. This could explain why the evidence of the earliest life on Earth appears during the Hadean —maybe the planet was less inhospitable during that eon than previously thought.The exact timing and magnitude of the impacts that smashed Earth during the Hadean are unknown. To get an idea of the effects of this bombardment, Machi and his colleagues looked at the moon, whose heavily cratered surface helped model the battering that its close neighbor Earth must have experienced back then.“We also looked at highly siderophile elements (elements that bind tightly to iron), such as gold, delivered to Earth as a result of these early collisions, and the amounts of these elements tells us the total mass accreted by Earth as the results of these collisions,”Marchi said. Prior research suggests these impacts probably contributed less than 0.5 percent of the Earth’s present-day mass.The researchers discovered that “the surface of the Earth during the Hadean was heavily affected by very large collisions, by impactors [ɪm'pæktə] larger than 100 kilometers (60 miles) or so —really, really big impactors,’ Marchi said.“When Earth has a collision with an object that big, that melts a large volume of the Earth’s crust and mantle, covering a large f raction of the surface,”Marchi added. These findings suggest that Earth’s surface was buried over and over again by large volumes of molten rock —enough to cover the surface of the Earth several times. This helps explain why so few rock survive from the Hadean, the researchers said.9.Why is little known about the Earth’s first 500 million years?A.Because it is an imagined period of time.B.Because this period is of little significance.C.Because it is impossible to know about this period.D.Because no rocks are available as research evidence.10.Why is the early Earth imagined to be hellish?A.Because it was often smashed by asteroids and comets.B.Because back then Hades, the lord of Hell, resigned.C.Because it was so according to Greek mythology.D.Because back then there was no life.11.Why was the early Earth in fact less inhospitable than often thought?A.Because minerals of the Hadean have been found suggesting the existence of life.B.Because the clashing brought by asteroids and comets was not completely damaging.C.Because during the Hadean there already existed the evidence of life.D.Because there had already been liquid water on the Earth back then.12.How can the moon help with the understanding of the impacts that smashed the Earth?A.The moon once smashed into the Earth too.B.The moon was battered earlier than the Earth.C.The moon, as a close neighbor, is easier to observe.D.The moon’s surface is heavily cratered as the Earth’s.Passage FourFrom beach balls, pool toys, and jump houses, inflatable technology takes a big step forward for its next frontier: space station. A new kind of tech will be aboard Space X’s eighth supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). A compressed living module will be delivered and attached to the station where, in the void of space, it will expand into a new habitat for astronauts.Designed by Bigelow Aerospace, the inflatable space habitat is one area NASA is exploring for potential deep space habitats and other advanced space missions.“The ‘Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,’ or the BEAM, is an expandable habitat that will be used to investigate technology and understand the potential benefits of such habitats for human missions to deep space,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden wrote in a blog post.The habi tats could be a way to “dramatically increase” the space available for astronauts while also offering added protection from the dangers of space, like radiation and space debris, the NASA press release says.But how is an inflatable space station supposed to be a viable means of housing for space travelers? BEAMs are far more than balloon-like rooms where astronauts can take asylum. Technically, the modules don’t inflate― they expand, according to the company. And beyond just air, the habitats are reinforced with an internal metal structure. The outside is composed of multiple layers of material including things like rubber and kevlar to protect from any speeding debris.Inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft on the way to the ISS, the BEAM will be approximately 8 feet in diameter. It will expand once deployed in space to offer 565 cubic feet of space for astronauts. “It’ll be the first time human beings will actually step inside this expandable habitat in space,” fo rmer astronaut George Zamka, who has worked for Bigelow Aerospace, told USA Today. “There won’t be this sense of it being like a balloon.”But astronauts won’t be getting inside the module for some time yet.The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility Node and deployed. Inside the module are a series of tools that will help the crew of the ISS monitor different aspects of the expandable area to see how it acts in space. The crew will watch heat, radiation, orbital debris, and provide information about the viability of using similar modules in the future.The testing is scheduled to go on for a two-year time period, after which the module will be released and burn up in the atmosphere. NASA’s partnership with Bigelow fits Mr. Bolden’s desire to help grow a robust private sector industry to commercialize aspects of space ― a process he sees as vital if humans want to reach farther cosmic destinations. “The world of low Earth orbit belongs to industry,” Bolden said at a press conference in January 2015.13.What is special about the new living module on SpaceX’s eighth mission to ISS?A) It is expandable. C) It is going to deep space.B) It looks like a toy.D) It will not return to Earth.14.What is the purpose of designing the inflatable space habitat?.A.It is to find out its potential capacity.B.It is to give a try on a new technology.C.It is to save time and money in production.D.It is to see if it can be applied in deep space.15.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The habitat will not be a balloon-like room.B.The habitat will not feel like a balloon.C.The habitat will be like a senseless balloon.D.The habitat will be a different kind of balloon.16.Why does NASA intend to commercialize aspects of space?A.It can save NASA time and energy.B.It is necessary for a robust industry.C.It is crucial for further space explorations.D.It meets both NASA’s and Bigelow’s needs.Passage FiveOf all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. He’s a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and he’s not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years I’ve given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,” mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor” and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside ― it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way it has enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy ― how it made me fell unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special ― just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.17.The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he ________.A.purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness and considerationB.had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previous years.C.had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for himD.didn’t like any of the gift she had given him18.According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of ________.A.forming the habit of good mannersB.regaining the lost art of expressing thanksC.motivating the gift giver to buy more giftsD.distinguishing oneself from others in work and life19.In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone”serves as________.A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select itB.an announcement of how it has enhanced your lifeC. a prediction of how you will use your giftD.an acknowledgement of the gift20.What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot (Line 2, Para. 6)?A.The moment her kids receive a gift.B.The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid.C.When the art of sending thank-you notes isn’t lost yet.D.When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them.Part II English-Chinese Translation (5’×4 = 20 points)Directions: Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist’s language. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways.(1)At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in its ability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. They approach the study of the economy in much the same way as a physicist approaches the study of matter and a biologist approaches the study of life: (2)They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.To beginners, it can seem odd to claim that economics is a science. After all, economists do not work with test tubes or telescopes. (3)The essence of science, however, is the scientific methods--the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.This method of inquiry is as applicable to studying a nation’s economy as it is to studying the earth’s gravity or a species’ evolution. (4)As Albert Einstein once put it, “The whole of science isDirections:Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。
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2013年华中科技大学考博英语经典复习方法
1、考博英语题型 由于考博英语试题由各招生单位自己独立命题，所以不同院校的考博英语试题题型风格
不尽相同。就题型而言，一般都含有词汇结构、完形填空、阅读理解、汉英互译、作文题。很多院校初试
不再考听力，而在复试通过口语形式考查。但有些院校仍在初试考查听力，甚至很重视听力分数。有些学
校还有改错题，应用文，甚至其他题型。少数院校不考作文，但翻译比较长。很多院校主观题的分数所占
比重都较高，占1/3甚至1/2比重。
2、难度 考博英语重视考查翻译、写作等与攻读博士学位相关的应用能力，所以其难度不能简单与其
他考试比较。但一般来说，考博英语试题的难度约相当于大学英语六级，但少数院校比六级难，有些院校
甚至只相当于四级水平，甚至同一院校不同年份的难易程度也迥异。这是由于考博英语试题的命制没有其
他英语水平考试、选拔考试规范，往往因出题人不同而有区别。所以，报考相应院校的考生一定要看一看
该院校近年的考博英语真题。
3、词汇 保守估计，考博英语需要掌握7000~8000单词，900常用动词短语。当然，一般掌握了六
级及硕士研究生入学考试的词汇，通过考博英语也没有多大问题，只是词汇题可能失去少数分数。长期关
注和研究考博英语试题，反对有些所谓考博英语词汇书所讲的考博需要掌握1万甚至1万以上词汇的观点。
事实上，背诵那么多词汇是没有多大意义的，考博英语考查的重点不是考生掌握了多少词汇，而如上文所
述，是阅读、翻译、写作能力。所以，词汇够用即可，建议复习自己当年很熟悉的考研词汇、六级词汇，
然后略加拓展，如可看看公共英语等级考试五级词汇、新托福词汇、部分GRE词汇。有些院校公布了词
汇表或参考词汇表，但实际出题人并不怎么按大纲出题。英语说到底还是个水平问题。
4、语法 大部分院校考博英语试题都不直接考查语法，但语法有必要全面复习一下。这也不怎么花费
时间。
5、阅读 可以做一做对应院校的考题，也可做一做考研阅读真题、大学英语六级真题，有些院校考博
英语试题选自考研真题原题、六级真题原题。
6、翻译 英译汉相对来说比较好做，但不好得分。相反，汉译英虽然看起来难，但往往容易得分。所
以应该多准备。
7、作文 一般都是命题作文，即给定题目写一篇200~250词的议论文。作文应当认真准备。这是容易
得分也容易失分的项目。