2014考研英语一阅读难度和出题思路分析
考研[微博]英语的阅读理解题，无非是从宏观和微观等两个角度进行考察，体现在题型上从广义的角度可分为两类：主旨态度题和细节事实题。
考生需要有这样的认知。
主旨态度是全文的论点，细节事实，是全文的论据。
两者相结合，才是一篇逻辑性严谨的文章。
文章中的细节，即论据，通常是作者论证文章主题或是论证段落大意而使用的具体信息。
因为，就议论文而言，作者阐明所要阐述的问题和观点之后，通常会使用大量的具体细节去支持并加以说明。
这些细节可以是原因、事例、数字等等。
论据的常用展现方法为：下定义、做比较、打比方等。
下面跨考教育[微博]英语教研室将对2014年考研英语一的阅读理解部分的题型难度和解题思路进行了细致的分析。
一、主旨态度题的题型和难度分析：
考研英语一阅读理解命题思路的另一个方面，是从宏观上，考察全文的主旨大意，文章标题和作者态度，也就是我们常说的主旨态度题。
14年考研英语一的阅读理解试题中，第一篇文章，21题局部态度题；25题，细节观点题；第二篇文章，30题文章大意题；第三篇文章，35题，作者态度题。
第四篇，36题，作者态度题，40题，标题题。
对于文章主旨作者观点态度的文章，应当注意抓首段和其余各段的第一句话，把其意思连接成一个整体。
同时，注意总结性的提示词和转折词，特别要注意中心句。
定位文章的主旨中心句，并且结合选项信息，进行分析，要留心选项中具有迷惑干扰性的选项，如局部信息，即选项内容小于文章内容。
以及偷换概念等干扰选项等等。
根据题干内容，回原文仔细理解句子，认真排除错误选项。
事实上，很多题目，只要定位准确，回到原位稍微理解一下，然后再选项里找到一个同义替换的答案就行了。
这类题型对广大考生而言，是不会那么轻易丢分的。
比如，第四篇阅读的全文中心句就是第一段最后一句，however, the the report's failure to address the truenature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good。
通识教育所面临的危机的本质可能引起更多的害处而不是好处，因此，文章标题就是illiberal education and “the heart of thematter. ”
二、细节事实题的题型和难度分析：
从以往的历年试题分析中，不难发现，细节事实题的比例占据了一半以上，细节题决定了阅读理解的成败，因此重视细节题，考研阅读就有了很大希望。
2014年考研英语一的阅读理解部分的绝大部分，都属于细节是事实题。
对于细节题的解答方式，首先考察的便是考生迅速回到原文进行定位的能力。
定位准确，得出答案是非常容易快速的。
例如，然后再重点分析这个句子，充分理解分析之后，再仔细排除错误选项。
细节题的精髓就在于精确查找信息的能力，这一考法，一直沿用至今。
总而言之，对于考研英语阅读理解的解题能力的提高，一定要注意，首先，在思维能力上，从微观和宏观的角度出发，从思维的角度去战胜考试，才能够真正做到透过现象挖掘试题的本质，方可以不变应万变，破解任何一种题型，掌控任何一年的考题。
其次，内化到题型角度，便是从细节事实题和主旨态度题这广
义的两大分类，对于不同的题型，采用不同的解题方法。
知其法，方可解其意。
最终，才能百战不殆。
最后，祝2014年的考研学子们，金榜题名，实现梦想。
同时，也寄语2015年的同学们，好的开始是成功的一半，望你们能穿越冬季的寒意，满怀初春的热情，利用好寒假这一黄金学习时期，有规划，有目的，有方向性地进行学习和复习，去迎接15年的挑战。
明年的今天，战场上，将会闪现你们的身影。
跨考全体同仁，愿与广大学子风雨同行，不离不弃。
为共同的理想而不懈努力！人生能有几回搏！趁我们都还年轻，亲爱的学子们，勇往直前地朝自己的梦想向前冲吧！。
2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2)
2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduatewith$100,000of debt on top of undergraduate w-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents ofchange among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on impro ving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.答案:D。
2014年考研《英语一》答案（完整版）
1. where 2. fades 3. While 4. limited 5. well-being 6. turns 7. workouts 8. functions 9. process 10. excel 11. However 12. according to 13. further 14. sharpness 15. allows 16. track 17. on 18. constantly 19. build 20. effective Text 1 21. B encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking 22. C to register for an allowance from the government 23. D A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers 24. A uneasy 25. A The British welfare system indulges jobseeker’s laziness 点评：本篇⽂章摘⾃the Guardian(卫报)上题为“In language and action, there's a new brutalism in Westminster”的⼀篇评论⽂。
George Osborne提出“前期寻找⼯作”⽅案，⽬的是为了提⾼⼈民⽣活⽔平，减少其对于政府失业津贴的依赖。
接着分析他提出这⼀⽅案的动机及这⽅案的有效性，其中涉及失业者的⼼态和英国现有的福利政策。
本篇阅读有⼀定的难度，需要考⽣从作者的措辞和对于⼀些关键词的双引号准确推断出作者对于George Osborne的这⼀⽅案的态度。
选项设置有⼀定的混淆性。
Text 2 26. D the attraction of financial rewards 27. C Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major 28. B the rigid bodies governing the profession 29. A bans outsider’s involvement in the profession 30. C a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it 点评：本篇⽂章来⾃Economist(经济学⼈)，标题是America’s lawyers: Guilty as charged。
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇-毙考题
2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语(一)第2篇-毙考题2014考研英语阅读真题：考研英语（一）第2篇All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession —with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree at one of 200lawOne idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist thatkeeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on imp roving firms’ effi ciency.After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.整个世界范围内，律师比起其他任何职业的人员引起更多的敌意--可能除了新闻业人员。
2014年考研英语一第四篇阅读
2014年考研英语一第四篇阅读The 2014 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination English I Reading ComprehensionIn recent years, the National Postgraduate Entrance Examination (NPEE) has become an increasingly significant milestone for many young people in China who aspire to pursue higher education. The NPEE, which is held annually, serves as a crucial gateway for individuals seeking to gain admission into the country's prestigious postgraduate programs. Among the various components that make up the NPEE, the English language examination, known as English I, holds a particularly prominent position.The English I section of the NPEE is designed to assess the test-takers' proficiency in the English language, covering a wide range of skills, including reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar. The reading comprehension portion of the exam, in particular, has been the subject of intense scrutiny and preparation among NPEE candidates, as it often presents some of the most challenging and intellectually stimulating content.The 2014 NPEE English I reading comprehension passage, which isthe focus of this essay, was no exception. The passage, which was likely adapted from a scholarly or academic source, delved into the complex and multifaceted topic of the role of literature in shaping and reflecting societal norms and values.At the heart of the passage was the notion that literature, as a form of artistic expression, possesses the power to both challenge and reinforce the prevailing social and cultural paradigms of a given time and place. The author skillfully navigated the nuances of this relationship, exploring how literary works can serve as a mirror, revealing the underlying assumptions and biases that permeate a society, as well as how they can function as a catalyst for social change, inspiring readers to question and reexamine long-held beliefs and practices.One of the key points emphasized in the passage was the idea that literature is not merely a passive reflection of societal conditions but rather an active agent in the shaping of cultural norms and values. The author argued that through the careful crafting of narrative, character development, and thematic exploration, literary works have the ability to influence and shape the collective consciousness of a society, challenging readers to confront their own preconceptions and biases.Furthermore, the passage delved into the ways in which literaturehas historically been used as a tool for social and political activism, with authors leveraging the power of the written word to advocate for marginalized groups, expose systemic injustices, and promote the ideals of equality, justice, and human dignity. The passage highlighted seminal works of literature that have served as beacons of social change, inspiring readers to confront the realities of oppression, discrimination, and the need for societal transformation.Alongside this exploration of literature's role in shaping societal norms, the passage also addressed the complex and often contentious relationship between literature and the prevailing power structures of a given era. The author acknowledged the ways in which literature has been co-opted, censored, or instrumentalized by those in positions of authority, as they seek to maintain the status quo and limit the expression of dissenting or subversive voices.However, the passage also emphasized the resilience and adaptability of literature, noting how writers and artists have often found ingenious ways to circumvent such restrictions, utilizing metaphor, allegory, and other literary devices to convey their messages and challenge the dominant narratives of their time.Throughout the passage, the author skillfully wove together historical examples, theoretical perspectives, and contemporary case studies to illustrate the complex and multifaceted relationshipbetween literature and society. The reading comprehension passage effectively captured the nuances and complexities of this dynamic, challenging the reader to consider the ways in which literature has the power to shape, reflect, and transform the sociocultural landscape.Ultimately, the 2014 NPEE English I reading comprehension passage served as a thought-provoking and intellectually stimulating exploration of the role of literature in shaping and reflecting societal norms and values. The passage's depth of analysis, breadth of references, and sophisticated engagement with the topic made it a formidable challenge for NPEE candidates, requiring them to demonstrate a high level of critical thinking, analytical skills, and a deep understanding of the nuances of literary and cultural studies.。
2014考研真题及答案《英语一》
以下是为⼤家整理的2014考研真题及答案《英语⼀》的⽂章，供⼤家参考阅读！ Section I Use of Language Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 Points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 . The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why 2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses 3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While 4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook 6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures 7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations 8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion 9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process 10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature 11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However 12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of 13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around 14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility 15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows 16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace 17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on 18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually 19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take 20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar 答案：1-5 ABDCA 6-10 ACBDC 11-15 DABAD 16-20 BDCCB Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Orbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” — invented in 1996 — is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 真题解析：⽂章概括：政府⼤⾂Grorge Osbome提出了⼀个项⽬帮助失业的⼈找⼯作。
2014年考研英语一真题及答案
2014年考研英语一真题及答案2014年考研英语一真题及答案可以为考生提供有效的备考参考材料和指导。
以下是2014年考研英语一真题及答案。
希望对考生备考有所帮助。
Part A Text 1Just a few years ago, the news that a Californian fruit-packing company was turning awayjob seekers who had not mastered basic math sparked a national debate. How could a high school diploma,or even a college degree, not ensure a worker’s competence in arithmetic?The answer is simple: American education is in a sorry state of affairs. In 2012, the Organisationfor Economic Cooperation and Development administered basic math and literacy tests to thousands ofadults in 24 countries. The United States ranked second to last in math. More than 20 percent of the USadults scored at the lowest level on the test, compared with only 9 percent of adults in Japan and 5 percentin Finland.The state of American education did not happen by chance, nor is it an isolated problem. Fromhistoric underfunding to today’s emphasis on hard skills over critical thinking, the United States haslong failed to prioritize education. If we want to keep pace with international competitors and prepareour students for 21st-century careers, we must finally start investing in education.In the years following World War II, the United States dominated the world economy. Americanswere well educated and the states and federalgovernment invested heavily in expanding access toeducation. But as the United States began losing its competitive edge, factors including changingdemographics, the economy, and technological advances prompted officials to pull back on governmen\tfunding for education.The implications of that disinvestment are clear. The US high school dropout rate remains high,at around 17 percent, and has shown little improvement in recent years. College is even less accessible.Plus, the cost of going to college has skyrocketed, putting it out of reach for many low-income students,at least without burdening themselves with massive debt. As a result, American workers lag behindtheir global peers in the skills that are increasingly demanded in today’s economy.So how can we fix our education system? The answer is complex, and there is no one-size-fitsall solution. However, there are several key areas that need to be addressed if we want to makeprogress.First and foremost, we must invest more money in education. Money alone will not solve theproblem, but it is certainly a necessary starting point. Adequate funding is needed to attract and retainhigh-quality teachers, provide modern resources and infrastructure, and support innovative programs.High-performing countries, such as Finland and South Korea, understand this and consistently investheavily in education.Secondly, we must shift our focus from standardized testing to a more well-rounded approachto education. Standardized tests have their place, but they should not be the sole measure of a student’sability or a teacher’s effectiveness. We need to foster critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solvingskills, rather than teaching to the test.Additionally, it is crucial that we improve the professional development and support provided toteachers. Teachers are the backbone of our education system, and they need ongoing training and supportto stay effective in the classroom. Investing in teachers means investing in our students.Finally, we must address the disparities in education that exist among different regions and socioeconomic groups. Education should not be a privilege reserved for the wealthy or those lucky enoughto live in well-funded school districts. Every child, no matter their background, deserves access to ahigh-quality education.In conclusion, the state of American education is in dire need of improvement. It is time for usto recognize the significance of education and invest in its future. By putting money towards education,shifting our focus to a more well-rounded approach, supporting and training our teachers, and ensuringequal access to education for all students, we can begin to turn the tide and provide our students withthe skills they need to succeed in the 21st century.Part A Text 1 Source: Adapted from The New York Times, September 13, 2014Part A Text 1 Questions:1. Why were fruit-packing companies turning away job applicants a few years ago?2. What does the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development study revealabout the competence of American adults in basic math and literacy?3. What is the main reason for the sorry state of American education according to the text?4. What consequences does the disinvestment in education in the United States bring about?5. What does the author suggest about how to improve the current education system in theUnited States?Part A Text 1 Answers:1. A Californian fruit-packing company was turning away job seekers who had not mastered basicmath because American education is in a sorry state and workers lack competence in arithmetic.2. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development study reveals that the UnitedStates ranked second to last in math and more than 20 percent of American adults scored at thelowest level in the basic math and literacy tests.3. The main reason for the sorry state of American education is a historic underfunding of and the lackof priority given to education in the United States.4. The consequences of disinvestment in education in the United States include a high high schooldropout rate, limited access to college, and American workers lagging behind their global peers inthe skills demanded in today’s economy.5. The author suggests that the education system in the United States can be improved by investingmore money in education, shifting focus fromstandardized testing to a more well-rounded approach,supporting and training teachers, and ensuring equal access to education for all students.。
2014考研英语阅读技巧：精做泛读卡时间.doc
自己没有清楚的弄懂，也要尽自己最大能力去揣摩。
一定不要觉得烦和累，这个过程你的收获会很多的。
一篇文章做题、对答案、分析词汇、分析长难句、分析题目设置及选项设置——这样下来一共需要至少1小时。
所以，不要单纯图快!做阅读最终的效果应该是：真正做到对每个问题为何这样问，每个选项为何这样出，尤其对一道题中的最模棱两可的两个选项认真分析，最后最好对于不同问题有个总结。
虽然这样的要求对于刚起步的你有点严格，但我们希望你应该以此为目标，在一开始就注重词汇、长难句、语法的理解;体会真题文章的思路;等这样的基础打牢后(1个月左右，希望时间可以更短)，再往真题的解题思路上靠拢。
放心，等自己的词汇量越来越多，就越来越好办了。
精做对词汇的复习特别重要。
另外，你可以泛读一些文章，同样对单词很有效果。
泛读：可以结合一些考研阅读辅导书，其中做和分析每篇文章一共用时20分钟，做到文章中的单词都认识，不认识的需查字典，文章中的长难句分析下，背景知识了解下，还有适当地积累各领域的专业用词，对你以后阅读此类文章特别有帮助。
注意，泛读侧重了解文章讲了什么，培养阅读的语感，正确率没有太多的参考性。
重点还是以分析真题阅读为主。
3、关于测试，每一次预习中的做题都是对自己的测验，早从9月份开始直到现在，以为未来，在做真题的过程中，最好要给自己卡时间做了。
时间的安排上可以这样：阅读考试中每篇用时大纲为20分钟以内，翻译题一篇20分钟，完型15-20分钟，新题型20分钟，写作小作文10分钟，大作文30-40分钟。
可以分项目卡时间做题。
阅读就是每一篇限时20分钟做题。
然后再用40分钟-1小时的时间去分析。
2000年以后的题目，年代越近就要越认真。
建议最近三年的真题阅读先不做(即10年，09年，08年)，留待11月份以后再做。
2014年考研英语阅读
2014年Text 11---①In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.②Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. ③What could be more reasonable?2---①More apparent reasonableness followed. ②There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeke r’s allowance. ③“Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed.④“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster”⑤Help? ⑥Really?⑦On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness.⑧What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness” —— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.3---①Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip d own to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.②It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.③You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life.④Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. ⑤Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.4---①But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —— permanent dependency if you can get it —— supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. ②It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened.③The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.④Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.⑤Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to__________[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encou rage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase “to sign on” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means__________[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What promoted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel__________[A]uneasy. [B]enraged. [C]insulted. [D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A] The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B] Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C] The jobseeke rs’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.2014年Text 21---①All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.②But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.2---①During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. ②The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.③But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. ④Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.3---①There are many reasons for this. ②One is the excessive costs of a legal education.③There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.④This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.⑤Law-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.4---①Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. ②Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.③One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. ④Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.⑤If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. ⑥Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.5---①The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. ②Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. ③This keeps fees high and innovation slow.④There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.6---①In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.②After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions.③America should follow.26. A lot of students take up law as their profession due to__________.[A]the growing demand from clients[B]the increasing pressure of inflation[C]the prospect of working in big firms[D]the attraction of financial rewards27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28. Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from__________.[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistanc e.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stern exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29. The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive” partly because it__________.[A]bans outsiders’ involvement i n the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30. In this text, the author mainly discusses__________.[A]flawed ownership of America’s law f irms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.2014年Text 31---①The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. ②And it is far from the only one of its type.③As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years.④Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.⑤These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.2---①What’s not to like? ②Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature.③You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.④The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. ⑤They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.⑥They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. ⑦They do not fund peer-reviewed research. ⑧They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.3---①The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism.②Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.4---①As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes ——both new and old —— are distributed. ②The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include.③But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, haslong been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research ——as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.④The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. ⑤Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.5---①As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. ②First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.③Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere.④It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism —— that is the culture of research, after all —— but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please.⑤It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physical Prize is seen as __________.[A] a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prize.[C] an example of bankers’ investment.[D] a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit __________.[A] the profit-oriented scientists.[B] the founders of the new awards.[C] the achievement-based system.[D] peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves __________.[A] controversies over the recipients’ status.[B] the joint effort of modern researchers.[C] legitimate concerns over the new prize.[D] the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35. The author believes that the new awards are __________.[A] acceptable despite the criticism.[B] harmful to the culture of research.[C] subject to undesirable changes.[D] unworthy of public attention.2014年Text 41---①“The Heart of the Matter,” the jus t-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.②Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.2---①In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences asking that it identify actions that co uld be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”②In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences.Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.3---①The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. ②Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.③To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.④The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.4---①Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.②The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.③Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.5---①Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas —such as free markets, self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.6---①The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. ②Yet its report may well set backreform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s repor t?[A] Critical [B] Appreciative [C] Contemptuous [D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to __________[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests __________[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are__________[A] supportive of free markets [B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy [D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Ed ucation[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。
考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析
2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2)2014年考研英语真题之阅读理解答案与分析(2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top of undergraduatew-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change among the regulators insist thatkeeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.答案:D。
2014年英语全国1卷解析
总的来说，2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷难度适中，难度较去年稍微简单一些，延续以往高考英语的命题思路，梯度把握得比较好，符合2014年全国高考英语考试大纲的要求。
不难看出，试卷依然重点考查考生对基础知识的掌握和语言的综合运用能力，试题命题原则、难度，能力测试取向，都与往年基本保持一致，只是考查得更细化了。
各题型中规中矩，强调基础、实用，对平时教学中的重难点知识做了全面考查，避免了偏、难、怪的现象，对高中英语教学起到良好的指导作用。
下面，我们对 2014 年全国高考英语卷I试题进行全面详细的分析：一、总体分析1、考点新变化试卷结构有较大调整，新题型亮相。
今年的高考取消了单项选择题，取而代之的是一篇200字左右的文章的语法填空。
此外题型顺序也调整为听力，阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错和书面表达。
2、创新最近几年全国英语卷I都是以给出提示，考生可以直接翻译，适当添加凸显层次或逻辑的关联词，或稍微调整顺序，就可以写出一篇好作文。
今年的作文可以说是一个创新，属于半开放式的，凸显其灵活性和实用性。
提示部分给出的只是广告，考生需要读懂广告内容，问题则以箭头所指给出，考生需要将广告和问题合二为一，考查的是考生语言运用得综合能力。
二、试卷分析1、试卷结构• 2014年全国英语卷I英语试卷由四部分组成：•第一部分听力(30分，计入总分)，•第二部分阅读理解(包含阅读和七选五，40分)，•第三部分语言知识运用(包含完形填空和语法填空，45分)，•第四部分写作(包含短文改错和书面表达，35分)，•总分150分。
2、分值构成分值构成三、典型试题分析1、听力试题【命题意图】听力选材多是学生熟悉的日常交际场景，基本没有生僻词语，语速适中，侧重考查考生在规定时间内对听到的语料的反应能力和理解能力。
听力的干扰因素主要在于部分题目备选项在听力原文材料中可听到，迷惑性强，混淆较大，难以判断。
对于平时听力训练不够的学生是个较大的挑战。