综合模拟(2)
2025中职对口高考--旅游类专业课综合模拟卷( 河南适用) 第2卷(答案版)
2025中职对口高考--旅游类专业课综合模拟卷（河南适用）第2卷考试时间120分钟满分200分班级姓名学号成绩一、选择题（旅游英语1-10题；补全对话11-18题；阅读理解19-25题；餐饮服务与管理26-45。
每小题2分，共90分，每小题中只有一个选项是正确的）1. 接机牌（）A. Tour Guide ID cardB. Welcome BoardC. Flag of Tour ServiceD. Tour Guide【答案】B2. 旅游团（）A. tour groupB. walk-in guestC. individual travelerD. tourist【答案】A3. 连通房（）A. single roomB. connecting roomC. double roomD. deluxe room【答案】B4. 康乐中心（）A. room centerB. business centerC. recreation centerD. shopping center 【答案】C5. 餐饮（）A.snackB.orderC.dinningD.beverage【答案】C6. 豪华酒店（）A.business hotelB.resort hotelC.luxury hotelD.boutique hotel 【答案】C7. 旅行社（）A.travel agentB.travel tourC.travel agencyD.tour group【答案】C8. 外线电话（）A. DDDB. IDDC. outside callD. local call【答案】C9. 私人支票（）A. postal checksB. personal checksC. restaurant checksD. traveler's checks【答案】B10. 保证性预订（）A. advanced reservationB. confirmed reservationC. guaranteed reservationD. non-guaranteed reservation【答案】CDialogue-1（C-Chambermaid G-Guest）C:Housekeeping.May I help you?G:Yes,please.C:Sorry to disturb you,madam. 11.G:No,thanks.I'd like to have a bath and take a rest after 6 hours'long flight.C:OK, 12.G:Can you get me a thermos of hot water?I just want a cup of hot coffee.And please hang “Do Not Disturb”sign outside my door after bringing the water.C: 13.G:Thank you.C:You are welcome.What time would you like me to make up your room?G:I'll go shopping with my friends around 19:00.C:In that case.I'll do the turn-down service for you when you turn the sign the other way and go out.G:Great.14.C:Thank you.【答案】A B D CDialogue-2（R-Receptionist G-Guest）R:Good evening,sir.May I help you?G:Yes,please. 15. Can I have a room?R:16.G:I'm afraid I haven't.R:Just a moment please.17.(The receptionist checks the list.)Sorry,sir.We can't arrange you a room until eight o'clock this evening.G:Oh!I'll just wait here.Thanks.R:You're welcome,sir.If you need any help,do let us know.G:18.【答案】B D A C阅读理解19-25题（阅读下列短文，并根据文章内容选择最佳答案，讲所选答案的序号填在答题卡上）Passage 1Eating out is more popular in the USA than in Britain,and it is more often necessary to make a reservation.You will even see short queues at restaurants of people waiting for a table. The restaurants,especially the better quality ones,open at about 11:30 a.m.(Mid-day,rather than 1:00 p.m.is the most normal time for lunch in America.),and some then stay open till evening,so it is possible to have dinner throughout the afternoon.It is not usual in many areas for people to leave work and go out for their evening meal at 5:00 p.m.or 6:00 p.m.rather than wait till later. Outside the big cities,restaurants tend,correspondingly,to close later than in Britain.Other restaurants areopen for breakfast,and there are restaurants that are open 24 hours a day.A number of restaurants call themselves “family restaurants”.Many of these do not serve alcohol,and have fairly restricted varieties of steaks,burgers,omelettes and sandwiches for very reasonable prices.They also serve smaller and cheaper children's portions.When you stop at most restaurants other than “truck stops”,you should not just go in and sit down—unless you see a sign saying“Please seat yourself”.The normal thing is to wait for a hostess or captain to escort you to a table.Often there will actually be a sign saying “Please wait to be seated".One excellent thing is that,after you've been seated,the waiter or the bus boy will automatically bring you a glass of water(with ice naturally)and keep on refilling it throughout the meal.The Americans seem incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.Choose the best answer according to the passage.19.When an American eats a meal he always （）A. has something to drinkB. has a saladC. has to waitD. has a glass of water【答案】A20.In America,if you eat at a restaurant,you'd better （）A. make a reservation firstB. stand outside in a queueC. order a small portionD. have something to drink【答案】A21. Which of the following is true?（）A.Some restaurants in America do not serve alcohol.B.Americans like to eat out right after work.C.Most good quality restaurants are open for breakfast.D.There are not many restaurants in the United States.【答案】A22. If you want to eat and happen to stop at a truck stop,you （）A. will have to wait for the waiter to escort you to a tableB. may just walk in and sit downC. will have to read the sign outside it firstD. will have to stand in a queue and wait【答案】CPassage 2Breakfast is not only the most important meal of the day,it is also the most neglected or mon reasons for not eating breakfast include lack of time,not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast,and dieting.Breakfast simply means"break the fast".Your body spends at least six to twelve hours each night in a fasting state.In the morning,your body needs energy to rev up (转动起来) into high gear for the day's work ahead.If you skip breakfast,you are likely to concentrate less effectively in the late morning,feel irritable,short-tempered (易怒的),tired,or weak.When you choose not to eat breakfast,your body stays in slow gear.Also,people who skip breakfast often binge (无节制的大吃)later in the day at other meals or eat a high-calorie (高卡路里)snack in the morning.Breakfast eaters tend to eat less fat during the day,have more strength and endurance and better concentration and problem-solving ability.A good breakfast should provide up to 1/3 of your total calorie needs for the day.On the average,we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner.If breakfast doesn't appeal to you in the morning,try eating a lighter-dinner,earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.If you still aren't hungry in the morning,start with something small like juice or toast or have a mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat,since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later.To make matters worse,since your body is in a slowed state,it will not be able to burn those extra calories very efficiently.If you feed your body healthy snacks and mealsthroughout the day,you are less likely to become extremely hungry and stuff yourself as soon as you begin to eat.Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day,choosing the right fuel is important.The best breakfast foods are fruits,juice,lean meat,and grain products such as bread,rice,noodles,and cereals.Choose the best answer according to the passage.23. Which of the following is NOT true of a person who does not have breakfast? （）A.He will be easily distracted.B.He will tend to lose his temper.C.He will feel weak.D.He will become very talkative.【答案】D24. Which of the following is a healthy eating habit?（）A.Eating as little as possible.B.Eating no breakfast.C.Eating no lunch.D.Eating three regular meals a day.【答案】D25. Which food is NOT fit for breakfast?（）A.Rice.B.Fat meatC.Bread.D.Juice.【答案】B餐饮服务与管理26-45题26. 菜肴分完后，盘中菜品应留下菜肴，以示宽裕。
人教部编版语文四年级下册期末综合模拟试卷(二)(含答案)
四年级语文下册期末综合模拟试卷（二）（含答案）部编版(时间：90分钟 满分：100分)卷首寄语：亲爱的同学，转眼间一学期的学习生活就要结束了，相信你的语文水平有了很大的提高。
愿你能沉着冷静地答题，交上一份自己满意的试卷。
加油！第一部分 基础知识（55分）一、读下面语段，看拼音写词语，注意把字写得正确、美观。
（6分）2021年5月15日7时18分，中国火星探测器“天问一号”sh ǎn shu ò( )着c àn l àn( )的光芒，在j ì j ìng( )的火星乌托邦平原成功着陆，我国首次火星探测任务着陆火星取得圆满成功。
未来三个月，拥有“一身技艺”的“祝融号”火星车将在g ǎng w èi( )上y ī s ī b ù g ǒu( )地展开工作,它的成功k āi p ì了( )我们祖国崭新的未来。
二、我会读拼音，写词语。
(10分)li ǎn ji á ji é n àn h ū xi ào w ú y ōu w ú l ǜg ōng j ìng k ū long ji àn k āng w éi ch í zh ì x ù三、照样子，写词语。
（6分）如泣如诉（ABAC）白雪皑皑（ABCC）前俯后仰（带有反义词）见多识广（带有近义词）四、照样子，写字并组词。
（7分）末抹（涂抹）汤____( )各____( ) 旨____( )屈____( )卑____( )冈____( ) 扁____( )五、补充词语，并完成填空。
（8分）囊( )夜读铁杵成( ) 依山( )水高楼( )立左( )右盼鸡犬相( ) 不可一( )( )丝不动（1）以上词语中含有动物的词语是“___________”和“__________”，我还能写出两个含有动物的四字词语：___________、____________。
财经类专业(会计)全真综合模拟测试卷(二)
财经类专业(会计)全真综合模拟测试卷(二)(考试时间60分钟，满分150分)姓名:__________ 考号:__________一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分)下列每小题给出的四个备选项中有一个最符合题目要求，请将其选出，未选、错选均不得分。
1．下列各项中，属于会计工作基础的是（） [单选题] *A．会计监督B．会计决策C．会计核算(正确答案)D．会计预测2．______作为会计核算的基本前提，就是将一个会计主体持续的生产经营活动划分为若干个相等的会计期间。
（） [单选题] *A．持续经营B．会计年度C．会计分期(正确答案)D．会计主体3．下列各项中，不属于企业拥有或控制的经济资源是（） [单选题] *A．临时租用的一辆汽车(正确答案)B．经营租出的办公楼C．融资租入的大型设备D．预付甲公司材料款4．下列各项中，符合会计要素收入定义的是（） [单选题] *A．出售无形资产净收益B．出售材料收入(正确答案)C．转让固定资产净收益D．向购货方收取的增值税销项税额5．会计科目是对______的具体内容进行分类核算的项目。
（） [单选题] *A．经济业务B．会计主体C．会计对象D．会计要素(正确答案)6．对于收入类账户来讲，下列正确的是（） [单选题] *A．增加额记入账户的借方B．增加额记入账户的贷方(正确答案)C．期末结转后有余额D．期末有借方余额7．“预付账款”账户的期末余额等于（） [单选题] *A．期初余额＋贷方发生额－借方发生额B．期初余额＋借方发生额－贷方发生额(正确答案)C．期初余额＋贷方发生额＋借方发生额D．期初余额－贷方发生额－借方发生额8．预付账款账户期初余额为18 000元，本期贷方发生额为16 000元，本期借方发生额为24 000元，该账户期末余额为（） [单选题] *A．借方10 000元B．借方26 000元(正确答案)C．贷方10 000元D．贷方26 000元9．企业将款项汇往异地银行开立采购专户，编制该业务的会计分录时应当（）[单选题] *A．借记“应收账款”科目，贷记“银行存款”科目B．借记“其他货币资金”科目，贷记“银行存款”科目(正确答案)C．借记“其他应收款”科目，贷记“银行存款”科目D．借记“材料采购”科目，贷记“其他货币资金”科目10．某企业销售商品一批，增值税专用发票上注明的价款为60万元，适用的增值税税率为16%，为购买方代垫运杂费2万元，款项尚未收回。
西医综合(氨基酸代谢)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
西医综合（氨基酸代谢）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. A1型题 2. B1型题 3. X型题1．肝性脑病时，下列哪项最不易发生?A．血氨浓度增高B．氨进入脑组织增加C．脑组织中谷氨酰胺增加D．脑细胞中α-酮戊二酸增加正确答案：D解析：肝性脑病时，由于肝功能受损，尿素合成障碍。
血氨增高。
氨进入脑组织，可与脑组织中α-酮戊二酸结合生成谷氨酸；氨也可与脑中的谷氨酸进一步结合生成谷氨酰胺。
因此，脑中的α-酮戊二酸减少，三羧酸循环减弱，ATP 生成减少，引起脑功能障碍。
谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺增加，使脑渗透压增加，引起脑水肿。
知识模块：氨基酸代谢2．γ-氨基丁酸的氨基酸前体是A．谷氨酸B．谷氨酰胺C．天冬氨酸D．酪氨酸正确答案：A解析：知识模块：氨基酸代谢3．不属于一碳单位的是A．—CH3B．—CH2—C．—CH=D．CO2正确答案：D解析：一碳单位包括甲(基、炔、烯、酰)基、亚氨甲基，但就是不包括CO2(因它为无机物)。
知识模块：氨基酸代谢4．体内转运一碳单位的载体是A．FH2B．FH4C．VitB12D．SAM正确答案：B解析：“施舍一根竹竿，让你去参加四清运动!”即提供一碳单位的氨基酸是“施(丝)舍(色)竹(组)竿(甘)”，一碳单位的运载体——“四清”(四氢叶酸)运动。
请注意：甲硫氨酸(蛋氨酸)可通过SAM提供“活性甲基”(一碳单位)，。
因此，解题时不应遗漏产生一碳单位的氨基酸还有“甲硫氧酸”，该知识点在一碳单位的代谢章节中未讲到。
知识模块：氨基酸代谢5．体内最重要的甲基直接供应体是A．甲硫氨酸B．一碳单位C．S-腺苷甲硫氨酸D．S-腺苷同型半胱氨酸正确答案：C解析：请注意审题：要求解答的是甲基直接供应体!甲基供体是甲硫氨酸；甲基受体是同型半胱氨酸；甲基直接供应体是S-腺苷甲硫氨酸；甲基间接供应体是N5-CH3-FH4。
知识模块：氨基酸代谢6．甲硫氨酸循环的生理意义是A．合成非必需氨基酸B．完成三种含硫氨基酸的互变C．为体内甲基化反应提供甲基D．转氨基作用正确答案：C解析：甲硫氨酸循环的生理意义是由N5-CH3-FH4提供甲基合成甲硫氨酸，再通过此循环的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸提供甲基，以进行体内的甲基化反应。
《推销实务》综合模拟试题[2]
![《推销实务》综合模拟试题[2]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3a33392d915f804d2b16c1f2.png)
《推销实务》综合模拟试题一、单项选择题：1、（）是认识活动的开端和进一步发展的信息基础。
A、感觉B、知觉C、记忆D、思维2、（）模式适用于有着明确购买愿望和购买目标的顾客。
A、“爱达”B、“迪伯达”C、“埃德帕”D、“爱德达”3、许多老年人和性格柔弱、羞怯的顾客属（）型。
A、漠不关心型B、软心肠型 C 、干练型D、防卫型4、（）是推销人员最基本的职责，也是推销工作的核心职责。
A、市场信息搜集B、销售商品C、提供服务D、沟通关系5、推销员小李向顾客推销完一种洗洁剂后又向顾客推荐公司新产品—口腔清新喷雾剂，这是使用的（）寻找顾客。
A、委任助手法B、普访法C、广告开拓法D、现有顾客挖潜法6、如果遇到恼羞成怒，采取强硬手段逼迫推销人员作出巨大让步的顾客时，推销人员可采用下列策略中（）。
A、以顾客关心的利益诱导顾客B、向顾客发出“最后通牒”C、耐心倾听，以理服人D、以退为进7、推销人员先向顾客提出一个易于接受的小目标，然后逐步提高要求，最后达到理想目标，这种说服顾客的方法是（）。
A、自我评判法B、以退为进法C、以情感人法D、登门槛术8、（）是推销人员处理购买权异议时的首要问题。
A、辨别真假决策者B、越级推销C、适当降价D、请顾客试用9、（）的核心是行动。
A、请求成交法B、假定成交法C、小点成交法D、异议成交法10、推销洽谈中最常用的方法式（）。
A、诱导法B、演示法C、介绍法D、提示法11、推销人员针对换季节产品的推销这样说：“现在的商品全部实行７折优惠如果要是等到明年应季节时再买价格就可能恢复原价了这用的是（）提示法。
A、直接提示B、间接C、明星D、联想12、对于顾客对推销品的某些不足而提出的异议可采用（）的方法化解顾客异议。
A、优点补偿法B、装聋作哑法C、问题引诱法D、预防法13、利用顾客争强好胜的心里可采用（）方法成交。
Ａ、从众Ｂ、机会Ｃ、激将Ｄ、退让14、当你感到顾客几乎已经下定决心购买但还有点犹豫时其对策是（）。
湖北省汽修类技能高考综合模拟试题全集二(新)
湖北省汽车维修类专业技能考试专业知识考试综合模拟试题六（满分150 分，考试时间60 分钟）一、判断题（每题2 分，共 30 题，共计60 分。
正确打√；错误打×。
）1.玻璃清洗液液位检查时如果看不到液面，说明清洗液不足。
（）2.节气门脏污后直接影响了进气通道的截面积，从而使进气量减少。
（）3.发动机的异响有很多种，主要有气门响、轴瓦响、敲缸异响等，只要发动机能启动工作，不需要进行维修操作。
（）4.柴油的着火性差，易导致柴油机工作粗暴。
柴油的着火性用辛烷值表示。
（）5.测力矩板手在达到需要的力矩值后，即可自行打滑。
（）6.冲击韧性指的是金属材料抵抗载荷而不致破坏的能力。
（）7.因为凸缘联轴器自身的同轴度高，所以对被连接两轴的对中性就要求不高了。
（）8.螺旋传动由螺杆和螺母组成，主要用于将回转运动变换为直线运动。
（）9.深沟球轴承宽度系列为1、直径系列为2、内径为35mm，其代号是61207。
（）10 当加载在电阻的电压为 10V 时，电阻为 5Ω ，则将电压提高到20V，其电阻也相应提高为10Ω。
（）11.多缸发动机几个汽缸燃烧室容积的总和称为发动机排量。
（）12.闭环控制精度高，不受发动机各零件老化、磨损的影响。
（）13.四冲程直列六缸发动机作功间隙角为360 度/6=60 度。
（）14.NOx 是由空气中的氮和氧在燃烧室低温低压作用下反应生成的。
（）15.当调整发动机的气门间隙时，必需使被调气缸处于压缩上止点。
（）16.柴油的着火性差，易导致柴油机工作粗暴。
柴油的着火性用辛烷值表示。
（）17.对称式锥齿轮差速器当行星齿轮有自转时，转矩不是平均分配给左、右两半轴齿轮。
（）18.在蓄电池电压过低时，ABS 系统将不能进入工作状态。
（）19.独立悬架的非簧载质量小，可以减小来自路面的冲击和振动，提高了行驶的平顺性。
（）20..要满足最佳制动状态的条件，汽车前后轮制动力的比例也应是固定的。
护士执业考试(三)_综合模拟试题(二)_2011年版
1、前置胎盘的主要临床症状是A:妊娠期腹痛、阴道流血B:妊娠晚期或临产时，发生无诱因、无痛性反复阴道流血C:妊娠期无诱因、无痛性反复阴道流血D:妊娠晚期或临产时，发生无诱因、反复阴道流血、伴腹痛E:妊娠晚期或临产时阴道流血答案:B2、重度胎盘早剥患者的护理措施不正确的是A:给予卧床休息，减少刺激，保证充足睡眠B:为终止妊娠做准备C:预防产后出血D:严密观察有无凝血功能障碍或急性肾衰竭的表现E:做好产褥期的各项护理答案:A3、下列不是早产临产诊断的依据是A:妊娠满28周至不满37足周B:妊娠晚期者子宫规律收缩(20分钟≥4次)C:宫颈管消退≥75％D:进行性宫口扩张2cm以上E:阴道分泌物增多答案:E4、羊水过多的孕妇，容易并发A:贫血B:妊娠期高血压疾病C:心脏病D:糖尿病E:病毒性肝炎答案:B5、剖宫产的适应证不包括A:骨盆狭窄B:巨大胎儿C:前置胎盘D:妊娠合并心脏病E:妊娠合并糖尿病答案:C6、患心脏病的初产妇，妊娠足月自然临产，心功能Ⅱ级，经产钳助产分娩。
为预防心衰，应采取的最佳措施是A:肌肉注射麦角新碱促进子宫收缩B:肌肉注射缩官素促进子宫收缩C:排空膀胱以免妨碍子宫收缩D:产妇腹部放置沙袋E:静脉滴注毛花苷C预防心衰7、初产妇34岁，孕41周，临产10小时，检查：胎心130次／分，宫口开大3cm，有肛门坠胀感，S=0,B超示双顶径9．1cm，羊水深度2．5cm，下列哪项处理方式最佳A:静脉点滴小剂量缩宫素B:肌肉注射哌替啶C:温肥皂水灌肠D:左侧卧位、吸氧、输液E:立即行剖宫产答案:A8、产妇29岁，孕39周，头位，胎膜未破，宫口开全，S+2，胎心120次／分，宫缩4～5分钟一次，持续30秒，强度稍差，骨盆正常，胎儿估计3200g，下列哪项处理不恰当A:静脉点滴缩宫素B:吸氧C:人工破膜D:肌肉注射哌替啶E:胎心监护答案:D9、初产妇27岁，孕39周。
头位，临产12小时入院，胎膜未破，官口开大lcm，S-2，胎心140次／分，下列哪项处理不正确B:行骨盆内外测量C:B型超声检查，判断胎儿大小D:肌肉注射地西泮10mg，令产妇休息E:立即给予缩宫素静脉滴注答案:B10、某产妇，孕1产0，28岁，妊娠29周，胎膜早破，在医院保胎治疗过程中，突发寒战、恶心、呕吐和气急等症状，继而出现呛咳、呼吸困难和发绀，进入昏迷状态，继而皮肤上出现血斑。
2023届河南省洛阳市高三下学期5月综合模拟(二)语文试题(含答案)
2023届河南省洛阳市高三下学期5月综合模拟（二）语文试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如果改动，用橡皮擦干净，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色墨水签字笔直接写在答题卡上每题对应的答题区域内，答在试题卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)阅读下面的文字，完成1~3题。
(每题3分，共9分)人们常以“人治”和“法治”相对称，认为西洋是法治的社会，我们是“人治”的社会。
所谓人治和法治之别，不在“人”和“法”这两个字上，而是在维持秩序时所用的力量，和所根据的规范的性质。
乡土社会不是人治的社会，可以说是个“无法”的社会，但是“无法”并不影响这社会的秩序，因为乡土社会是“礼治”的社会。
礼治社会并不是指文质彬彬的社会。
礼也可以杀人，可以很“野蛮”。
譬如我们在旧小说里常读到杀了人来祭旗，那是军礼。
礼的内容在现代标准看去，可能是很残酷的。
残酷与否并非合礼与否的问题。
礼是社会公认合式的行为规范。
合于礼的就是说这些行为是做得对的，对是合式的意思。
如果单从行为规范一点说，本和法律无异，法律也是一种行为规范。
礼和法不相同的地方是维持规范的力量。
法律是靠国家的权力来推行的，维持礼这种规范的是传统。
传统是社会所累积的经验，不论哪一个社会，绝不会没有传统的。
衣食住行种种最基本的事务，我们并不要事事费心思，那是因为我们托祖宗之福，一一有着可以遵守的成法。
但是在乡土社会中，传统的重要性比现代社会更甚。
那是因为在乡土社会里传统的效力更大。
乡土社会是安土重迁的，不但是人口流动很小，而且人们所取给资源的土地也很少变动。
在这种代代如是的环境里，个人不但可以信任自己的经验，而且同样可以信任若祖若父的经验。
不必知之，只要照办，生活就能得到保障的办法，自然会随之发生一套价值。
依照着做就有福，不依照就会出毛病。
雅思阅读(综合)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
雅思阅读（综合）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ModuleReading Module (60 minutes)Match each statement with the correct organisation, A-G.List of OrganisationsA Exploration ArchitectureB DESERTECC ABB Power TechnologiesD Aerospace CentreE AbengoaF The European ParliamentG e-Parliament1．They have set a time for achieving an objective.正确答案：F解析：Although the European Parliament has passed a law that aids investors who help the continent reach its goal of... (F段最后一句)2．They have a number of renewable energy projects under construction.正确答案：E解析：Seville engineering company Abengoa is building one solar-thermal plant in Algeria and another in Morocco, while a third is being built in Egypt by a Spanish-Japanese joint venture. (F段第二句)3．They believe that successful small-scale projects will demonstrate that larger projects are possible.正确答案：G解析：... NGO e-Parliament, thinks companies should begin transmitting small amounts of solar power as soon as the North African plants begin operating, by linking... (G段首句)4．They are already experimenting with solar-energy installations in other parts of the world.正确答案：A解析：says Michael Pawlyn, director of Exploration Architecture, ... which is testing solar plants in Oman and the United Arab Emirates. (B段倒数第二句)The History of the GuitarThe word ‘guitar’was brought into English as an adaptation of the Spanish word ‘guitarra,’ which was, in turn, derived from the Greek ‘kithara.’ Tracing the roots of the word further back into linguistic history, it seems to have been a combination of the Indo-European stem ‘guit-,’ meaning music, and theroot ‘-tar,’ meaning chord or string. The root ‘-tar’ is actually common to a number of languages, and can also be found in the word ‘sitar,’also a stringed musical instrument. Although the spelling and pronunciation differs between languages, these key elements are present in most words for ‘guitar’throughout history.While the guitar may have gained the bulk of its popularity as a musical instrument during the modern era, guitar-like instruments have been in existence in numerous cultures throughout the world for more than five thousand years. The earliest instruments that the modern eye and ear would recognize as a ‘normal’ acoustic guitar date from about five hundred years ago, in the late Medieval or early Renaissance periods. Prior to this time, stringed instruments were in use throughout the world, but these early instruments are known primarily from visual depictions, not from the continued existence of music written for them. The majority of these depictions show simple stringed instruments, often lacking some of the parts that define a modern guitar. A number of these instruments have more in common with the lute than the guitar.There is some uncertainty about the exact date of the earliest six-string guitar. The oldest one still in existence, which was made by Gaetano Vinaccia, is dated 1779. However, the authenticity of six string guitars alleged to have been made prior to 1790 is often suspect, as many fakes have been discovered dating to this era. The early nineteenth century is generally accepted as the time period during which six string guitars began taking on their modem shape and dimensions. Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers, or guitar makers, have been producing versions of the modem acoustic guitar.The first electric guitar was not developed until the early twentieth century. George Beauchamp received the first patent for an electric guitar in 1936, and Beauchamp went on to co-found Rickenbacker, originally known as the Electro String Instrument Company, with Adolph Rickenbacher. The spelling of the company name differs from Rickenbacher’s given surname to distance himself from his German ancestry, which was seen as suspect during the world wars. Although Rickenbacker began producing electric guitars in the late 1930s, this brand received most of its fame in the 1960s, when John Lennon used a Rickenbacker guitar for the Beatles debut performance on the Ed Sullivan show in 1964. George Harrison later bought a Rickenbacker guitar of his own, and the company later gave him one of their earliest twelve string electric guitars. Paul McCartney also used a Rickenbacker bass guitar for recording. The Beatles continued to use Rickenbacker guitars throughout their career, and made the instruments highly popular among other musicians of the era.The Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation were two other early electric guitar pioneers, both developing models in the early 1950s. Fender began with the Telecaster in 1950 and 1951, and the Fender Stratocaster debuted in 1954. Gibson began selling the Gibson Les Paul, based partially on assistance from jazz musician and guitar innovator Les Paul, in 1952. The majority of present day solid-body electric guitars are still based largely on these three early electric guitar designs.Throughout the history of the guitar and related stringed instruments, an enormous number of individuals have made their mark on the way in which guitars were built, played, and perceived. Though some of these individuals are particularly well known, like the Beatles or Les Paul, the majority of these people arevirtually invisible to most modern guitar fans. By looking at the entire history of the guitar, rather than just recent developments, largely confined to electric guitars, it is possible to see more of the contributions of earlier generations.Questions 1-7Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.5．Despite differences in______, ‘guit-’ and ‘-tar’ appear in the word for ‘guitar’in many languages.正确答案：spelling and pronunciation解析：Although the spelling and pronunciation differs between languages, these key elements are present in most words for ‘guitar’ throughout history. (第一段末句)6．Instruments that we would call acoustic guitars have been made and played for approximately正确答案：five hundred years解析：The earliest instruments that the modern eye and ear would recognize as a ‘normal’ acoustic guitar date from about five hundred years ago. (第二段第二句) 7．No one knows the______ when the first six-string guitar was made.正确答案：exact date解析：There is some uncertainty about the exact date of the earliest six-string guitar. (第三段首句)8．The______ of acoustic guitars have not changed much in 200 years.正确答案：shape and dimensions解析：The early nineteenth century... as the time period during which six string guitars began taking on their modern shape and dimensions. Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers,... have been producing versions of the modern acoustic guitar. (第三段最后两句)9．A______ for an electric guitar was issued in the mid-1930s.正确答案：patent解析：...George Beauchamp received the first patent for an electric guitar in 1936,... (第四段第二句)10．Les Paul, the well-known______ guitarist, was involved in the development of the electric guitar.正确答案：jazz解析：... based partially on assistance from .jazz musician and guitar innovator Les Paul, in 1952.(第五段第三句)11．Most______ of the guitar know little about its rich history.正确答案：fans解析：... the majority of these people are virtually invisible to most modern guitar fans. (末段第二句)Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Instruments similar to the guitar have been played by musicians for over【R8】______ years. What we know about many of these instruments comes from【R9】______ rather than actual physical examples or music played on them. In some ways, these early stringed instrument were closer to【R10】______than the guitar as we know it today. We do have examples of six-string guitars that are 200 years old. However, the【R11】______ of six-string guitars made by guitar makers (who are also known as【R12】______) before the final decade of the eighteenth century is often open to question.Although the electric guitar was invented in the 1930s, it took several decades for electric guitars to develop, with the company Rickenbacker playing a major part in this development. Most【R13】______electric guitars in use today are similar in design to guitars produced by the Fender Musical Instruments Company and the Gibson Guitar Corporation in the 1950s.12．【R8】正确答案：five thousand解析：... guitar-like instruments have been in existence... for more than five thousand years. (第二段首句)13．【R9】正确答案：visual depictions解析：... but these early instruments are known primarily from visual depictions, not from the continued existence of music written for them. (第二段第三句)14．【R10】正确答案：lute解析：A number of these instruments have more in common with the lute than the guitar. (第二段末句)15．【R11】正确答案：authenticity解析：However, the authenticity of six string guitars alleged to have been made prior to 1790 is often suspect,... (第三段第三句)16．【R12】正确答案：luthiers解析：Thus for nearly two hundred years, luthiers, or guitar makers, have been producing versions of the modern acoustic guitar. (第三段末句)17．【R13】正确答案：solid-body解析：The majority of present day solid-body electric guitars are still based largely on these three early electric guitar designs. (第五段末句)。
西医综合(绪论)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
西医综合（绪论)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. A1型题 2. B1型题 3. X型题1．内环境中最活跃的部分是A．组织液B．血浆C．淋巴D．脑脊液正确答案：B解析：血浆是沟通各部分体液并与外界环境进行物质交换的重要媒介，因而是各部分体液中最为活跃的部分。
知识模块：绪论2．大量出汗后快速大量饮用白开水，其最主要的危害是A．迅速扩充循环血量B．导致尿量明显增多C．稀释胃肠道消化液D．使水和电解质紊乱正确答案：D解析：大量出汗，人体失水大于失去钠离子，细胞外液呈现高渗性脱水。
大量饮用白开水等于大量补充低渗液，使细胞外液渗透压发生改变。
ABC选项只表现了饮水后机体的变化，只有D选项出现紊乱这一危害表现。
知识模块：绪论3．机体功能状态保持相对稳定，依靠体内的A．非自动控制系统B．负反馈控制系统C．正反馈控制系统D．自主神经系统正确答案：B解析：人体内的负反馈极为多见，在维持机体生理功能的稳态中具有重要意义。
动脉血压的压力感受性反射就是一个极好的例子。
可见，在神经调节、体液调节、自身调节的过程中有许多环节都可通过负反馈而实现自动控制，人体生理活动中有很多这样的例子。
知识模块：绪论4．关于体液调节的叙述，正确的是A．都是通过血液循环起作用B．化学物质包括细胞代谢产物如CO2C．反应迅速D．作用部位精确、点对点正确答案：B解析：体液调节是指体内某些特殊的化学物质通过体液途径而影响生理功能的一种调节方式。
分为远距分泌(血液途径)、旁分泌(可不经血液运输)。
体液调节的特点是相对缓慢、持久而弥散。
知识模块：绪论5．关于体液调节，下述哪项是错误的A．体液调节不受神经系统的控制B．通过化学物质来实现C．激素所作用的细胞称为激素的靶细胞D．体液调节不一定都是全身性的正确答案：A解析：人体内多数内分泌腺或内分泌细胞接受神经的支配，这种情况下，体液调节便成为神经调节反射弧的传出部分，这种调节称为神经-体液调节。
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综合模拟(二) 考生注意： 1．本试卷共4页。 2．答卷前，考生务必用蓝、黑色字迹的钢笔或圆珠笔将自己的姓名、班级、学号填写在相应位置上。 3．本次考试时间90分钟，满分100分。 4．请在密封线内作答，保持试卷清洁完整。 一、选择题(本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。每小题只有一个选项符合题意。) 1．下列有关化学与生产生活的叙述不正确的是( ) A．生产玻璃、水泥、漂白粉均需要用石灰石为原料 B．煤的干馏、石油分馏和石油裂解都属于化学变化 C．“地沟油”的主要成分为高级脂肪酸甘油酯，可用于制取肥皂 D．大力实施矿物燃料脱硫、脱硝技术，可以减少硫、氮氧化物对环境的污染 2．下列各项叙述中，正确的是( ) A．镁原子由1s22s22p63s2―→1s22s22p63p2时，原子释放能量，由基态转化成激发态 B．若某基态原子的外围电子排布为4d25s2，它是第五周期ⅣB族元素 C．24Cr原子的电子排布式是1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2 D．M层全充满而N层为4s1的原子和位于第四周期ⅠA族的原子是同一种元素 3．某学生提供的实验数据如下，其中肯定错误的是( ) ①用100毫升的量筒量取67.60 mL的液体 ②用托盘天平称取22.5 g KCl ③酸碱中和滴定时，消耗0.100 0 mol·L－1的盐酸23.25 mL ④用广范pH试纸测得某溶液的pH＝4.4 A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 4．有机物是制备镇痛剂的中间体。下列关于该有机物的说法错误的是( )
A．与环己烷互为同分异构体 B．一氯代物有五种(不考虑立体异构) C．所有碳原子可处于同一平面 D．该有机物的名称为2-甲基-2-戊烯 5．某物质A的实验式为CoCl3·4NH3,1 mol A中加入足量的AgNO3溶液中能生成1 mol白色沉淀，以强碱处理并没有NH3放出，则关于此化合物的说法中正确的是( ) A．Co3＋只与NH3形成配位键 B．配合物配位数为3 C．该配合物可能是平面正方形结构 D．此配合物可写成[Co(NH3)4 Cl2] Cl 6．在酸性条件下，向含铬废水中加入FeSO4，可将有害的Cr2O2－7转化为Cr3＋，然后再加入熟石灰调节溶液的pH，使Cr3＋转化为Cr(OH)3沉淀，而从废水中除去。下列说法正确的是( ) A．FeSO4在反应中作氧化剂 B．随着反应的进行，该废水的pH会减小 C．若该反应转移0.6 mol 电子，则会有0.2 mol Cr2O2－7被还原 D．除去废水中含铬元素离子的过程包括氧化还原反应和复分解反应 7．元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大，p、q、r是由这些元素组成的二元化合物，m、n分别是元素Y、Z的单质，m是生产、生活中运用最广泛的金属单质，n通常为深红棕色液体，r是一种强酸，p是来自于煤的一种常见有机物，s是难溶于水、比水重的油状液体，上述物质的转化关系如图所示。下列说法正确的是( )
A．Y元素的基态原子的价电子排布式为3s23p1 B．W的氧化物仅含极性共价键 C．常温下，可用m制的罐槽车运输浓硫酸 D．从煤中制取p的操作是裂解 8．我国科研人员使用催化剂CoGa3实现了H2还原肉桂醛生成肉桂醇，反应机理的示意图如下：
下列说法不正确的是( ) A．肉桂醛分子中不存在顺反异构现象 B．苯丙醛分子中有6种不同化学环境的氢原子 C．还原反应过程发生了极性键和非极性键的断裂 D．该催化剂实现了选择性还原肉桂醛中的醛基 9．最近报道的一种处理垃圾渗滤液并用其发电的示意图如下。装置工作时，下列说法不正确的是( )
A．盐桥中Cl－向Y 极移动 B．化学能转变为电能 C．电子由X 极沿导线流向Y 极 D．Y 极发生的反应为2NO－3＋10e－＋12H＋===N2＋6H2O，周围pH 增大 10．紫草宁(Shikonin，见下图)是从生长在亚洲学名叫Lithospermum erythrorhizon的一种植物的根部提取出来的红色化合物。几个世纪以来用作民间药物，如今用于配制治疗跌打损伤的膏药。下列说法不正确的是( )
A．紫草宁的分子式为C16H16O5 B．等量的紫草宁与NaOH溶液、浓溴水反应，消耗NaOH、Br2 的物质的量之比为3∶4 C．紫草宁既能发生氧化反应又能发生还原反应 D．常温下紫草宁不易溶于水 二、选择题(本题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。每小题有一个或两个选项符合题意，全部选对得4分，选对但不全的得1分，有选错的得0分。) 11．下列有关实验装置进行的相应实验，能达到实验目的的是( ) A．用图1装置制取并收集干燥纯净的NH3 B．用图2所示装置可分离CH3COOC2H5和饱和碳酸钠溶液 C．用图3所示装置可除去NO2中的NO D．用图4装置制备Fe(OH)2并能较长时间观察其颜色 12．将5 mL 0.005 mol·L－1FeCl3溶液和5 mL 0.015 mol·L－1KSCN溶液混合。达到平衡后溶液呈红色。再将混合液等分为5份，分别进行如下实验： 实验①：滴加4滴水，振荡 实验②：滴加4滴饱和FeCl3溶液，振荡 实验③：滴加4滴1 mol·L－1 KCl溶液，振荡 实验④：滴加4滴1 mol·L－1 KSCN溶液，振荡 实验⑤：滴加4滴6 mol·L－1 NaOH溶液，振荡
下列说法不正确的是( ) A．对比实验①和②，为了证明增加反应物浓度，平衡发生正向移动 B．对比实验①和③，为了证明增加生成物浓度，平衡发生逆向移动 C．对比实验①和④，为了证明增加反应物浓度，平衡发生正向移动 D．对比实验①和⑤，为了证明减少反应物浓度，平衡发生逆向移动 13．已知氧化性Fe3＋>Cu2＋，向物质的量浓度均为1 mol·L－1的Fe2(SO4)3、CuSO4的1 L混合液中加入a mol铁粉，充分反应后，下列说法正确的是( ) A．当a≤1时，发生的反应为Fe＋2Fe3＋===3Fe2＋ B．当固体有剩余时，溶液中一定存在Fe2＋、Fe3＋ C．当1≤a<2时，溶液中n(Fe2＋)＝(2＋a)mol D．若有固体剩余，则固体中一定有铁，可能有铜 14．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ，12)我国科学家研发了一种室温下“可呼吸”的Na—CO2二次电池。将NaClO4溶于有机溶剂作为电解液，钠和负载碳纳米管的镍网分别作为电极材料，电池的总反应为3CO2＋4Na2Na2CO3＋C。下列说法错误的是( ) A．放电时，ClO－4向负极移动 B．充电时释放CO2，放电时吸收CO2 C．放电时，正极反应为3CO2＋4e－===2CO2－3＋C D．充电时，正极反应为Na＋＋e－===Na 15．汽车尾气净化原理为2NO(g)＋2CO(g)N2(g)＋2CO2(g) ΔH＝－746.5 kJ·mol－1，下图为在不同初始浓度的CO和不同催化剂 Ⅰ、Ⅱ作用下(其他条件相同)，体积为2 L的密闭容器中n(N2)随反应时间的变化曲线，下列说法正确的是( )
A．a点时，催化剂 Ⅰ、Ⅱ作用下CO的转化率相等 B．0～6 h内，催化剂Ⅰ的催化效果比催化剂Ⅱ的好 C．0～5 h内，催化剂Ⅰ作用下CO的反应速率为0.32 mol·L－1·h－1 D．0～12 h内，催化剂Ⅱ作用下反应放出的热量比催化剂Ⅰ的多 三、非选择题(本题共5小题，共60分。) 16．(10分)燃煤产生的烟气中含有较多的CO2、CO、SO2等影响环境的气体。如何综合利用这些气体一直是科研单位研究的热点。 (1)已知：2CO2(g)＋6H2(g)CH3OCH3(g)＋3H2O(g) ΔH1 CO(g)＋H2O(g)CO2(g)＋H2(g) ΔH2 2CO(g)＋4H2(g)CH3OCH3(g)＋H2O(g) ΔH3 用ΔH2、ΔH3表示ΔH1，ΔH1＝_______________________________________________。 (2)研究发现，催化剂可以使烟气中的CO、SO2转化为CO2、S。反应原理为：2CO(g)＋SO2(g)2CO2(g)＋S(l) ΔH＝－270 kJ·mol－1。 ①其他条件相同时，研究发现，分别选取Fe2O3、NiO、Cr2O3作上述反应的催化剂时，SO2
的转化率随反应温度的变化如图，研究得出，应该选择Fe2O3作催化剂，主要原因可能是
________________________________________________________________________。 ②若在2 L恒容密闭容器中，将3 mol CO、1 mol SO2混合，在一定条件下引发反应，当SO2
的平衡转化率为40%时，此时K＝________。
③向反应容器中再分别通入下列气体，可以使SO2转化率增大的是________(填字母)。 A．CO B．SO2 C．N2 D．H2S E．CO2 17．(11分)利用氯碱工业中的固体废物盐泥[主要成分为Mg(OH)2、CaCO3、BaSO4，还含有少量NaCl、Al(OH)3、Fe(OH)3、Mn(OH)2等]与废酸反应制备七水硫酸镁，既处理了三废，又有经济效益。其工艺流程如图1所示：
已知： (i)部分阳离子以氢氧化物形式完全沉淀时溶液的pH如表所示。 沉淀物 Mn(OH)2 Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 Al(OH)3 Mg(OH)2
pH(完全沉淀) 10.02 8.96 3.20 4.70 11.12
(ii)两种盐的溶解度随温度的变化(单位为g/100 g水)如图2所示。
根据图1并参考表格pH数据和图2，请回答下列问题。 (1)在酸解过程中，加入的酸为__________，加快酸解速率可采取的措施有________________________________________________________________________。 (2)加入的NaClO可与Mn2＋反应产生MnO2沉淀，该反应的离子方程式是 ________________________________________________________________________。 (3)本工艺流程多次用到抽滤操作，优点是____________________________________。