英语法律文件中表示条款概念的词语翻译

常用法律英语词汇

常用法律英语词汇Common Legal English VocabularyIntroduction:Legal English is a specialized language used in the context of law, legal proceedings, and legal documents. Whether you are a lawyer, a law student, or simply interested in learning more about legal terminology, it is essential to familiarize yourself with the common legal English vocabulary. In this article, we will explore some of the most frequently used legal terms and their meanings.1. Contract Law:1.1 Offer: A proposal made by one party to another, expressing a willingness to enter into a legally binding agreement.1.2 Acceptance: The agreement to the terms of an offer, leading to the formation of a contract.1.3 Consideration: Something of value exchanged between parties as part of a contract.2. Tort Law:2.1 Negligence: Failure to exercise reasonable care, resulting in harm or injury to another person or their property.2.2 Liability: Legal responsibility for one's actions or omissions that cause harm or damage.2.3 Damages: Financial compensation awarded to a plaintiff for the harm suffered due to the defendant's actions.3. Criminal Law:3.1 Felony: A serious crime, typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year.3.2 Misdemeanor: A less serious offense, usually punishable by a fine or imprisonment for less than one year.3.3 Guilty: The verdict rendered when a defendant is found to have committed a crime.4. Property Law:4.1 Real Estate: Land and anything permanently attached to it, such as buildings or structures.4.2 Title: Legal ownership of property, denoted by a document called a deed.4.3 Eminent Domain: The power of the government to seize private property for public use, with fair compensation to the owner.5. Intellectual Property Law:5.1 Copyright: Exclusive legal rights granted to the creator of an original work, such as a book, song, or painting.5.2 Trademark: A distinctive sign, symbol, or logo used to distinguish goods or services of a particular company or individual.5.3 Patent: A government grant providing exclusive rights to an inventor for a new invention.6. Constitutional Law:6.1 Due Process: The principle that no person should be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal proceedings.6.2 Freedom of Speech: The right to express one's opinions without censorship or restraint by the government.6.3 Equal Protection: The guarantee that all individuals are treated equally under the law, regardless of race, religion, or gender.7. International Law:7.1 Treaty: A binding agreement between two or more countries, typically dealing with matters of international law.7.2 Diplomacy: The practice of conducting negotiations, maintaining relations, and resolving disputes between countries.7.3 Sanction: Measures imposed by one country or a group of countries to compel another country to change its policies or behavior.Conclusion:This article has provided an overview of common legal English vocabulary, encompassing various areas of law. Understanding these terms is invaluable for anyone involved in legal proceedings, studying law, or navigating legal documents. By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you will enhance your ability to comprehend and discuss legal matterseffectively. Remember to consult legal professionals for specific legal advice related to your situation.。

法律英语翻译常用词汇

Accord和解或和解协议，如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿等。

Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

acquireacquire指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。

Actact作为，与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

Action诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action 在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。

Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。

shall和may在法律英语中的应用

May与shall在法律英语之中的应用在英文法律文本翻译中，法律翻译者经常会碰到情态动词，尤其是“shall”和“may”的翻译。

能否准确恰当地处理好情态动词的译法是衡量翻译者翻译水平高低的一个重要方面，但在将其翻译成中文时，不但英语系翻译专业的学生感到难以把握，就连从事英语法律翻译的老师、专业人员也觉得该词难译，常常下笔踌躇，莫衷一是。

一、现有法律英语文本中“shall”的译法“Shall”这一用法较为古老或正式，一般用于法律或半法律文件中，含有“本条款具有法律规定的指令性或强制性”之意。

英文经贸法律文本中“shall”的译法种类繁多，通常被译为“须”“应”，也有译成“将”，甚至可以不译。

（一）shall表示“义务” “责任” 时通常被翻译成“应当” “应该”有时被译成“须” “必须”。

例 1. 进出境运输工具、货物、物品，必须通过设立海关的地点进境或出境《中华人民共和国海关法》第8 条All inward and outward means of transport, goods and articles shall enter or leave the territory at a place where there is a Customs office.例 2.行政长官缺位时，应在六个月内依本法第四十五条的规定产生新的行政长官。

行政长官缺位期间的职务代理，依照上款规定办理。

《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》第53条第二款In the event that the office of Chief Executive becomes vacant, a new Chief executive shall be selected within six months in accordance with the provisions of Article 45 of this Law. During the period of vacancy, his or her duties shall be assumed according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.（二）shall 在中文文本中“不译” 的情况在具有较长实效的一般性法律条文中（如宪法、刑法、民法等较稳定的法律中不译。

法律英语的词语英语翻译

about大概absolutely unique单独abuse of discretion滥用财量权acknowledge and confess供认有罪Action 诉讼action（诉讼）action诉讼，起诉权;Actus Reus犯罪行为affidavit宣誓书;aforesaid如上所述的;after or change改变agency代理（权），机构;agree and declare同意agreement合约;agrees and consents同意aid and abet同谋aid and comfort安慰alias summons（第一次发出的传票无效后）再次发出的传票; alias别名;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在犯罪现场的证据alien（转让，让渡（所有权））alien让渡，转让财产;all and singular一律alleged有嫌疑的,指控的，宣称的，主张的alter and change变更alter ego至交，知己；第二个我amount due or owing到期应付的金额and/o及；或rany matter, fact or things事件any matter, fact or thing事件apparently显然Appeal 上诉appeal上诉;appeal上诉;approach the bench 过来approximately近似argumentative来自推论的；可争议的arrest warrant 逮捕证arrested in flagrante delicto当场被捕，arrest逮捕;arson纵火罪;as soon as possible尽快ascend up上升assault殴打，侵犯他人身体罪;at issue在审议中的，讨论的；待解决的，待裁决的attorney general检察长/首席检察官/司法部长; attorneys律师，检察官;authorise and empower授权available可获得的average平均数；中等水平；海损avoid （撤销）Award 裁决,判决bail exonerated 保证人责任的免除bail保释（金）;battery殴打;be cumulative and in addition另外be declared or adjudged判决bill, note票据bill议案，起诉书;Blackacr黑亩（与whiteacre 白亩相对）blend together混合bona fide真正的;breaking and entering破门窗闯入burden of proof）举证责任（bureau of public security公安局();by this act and deed有约束力契约by virtue of or in connection with由于came on for hearing聆讯came on for hearing听讼cancel, annul and set aside取消，废止care注意；监护case案件，诉讼；判例Causation 因果关系cause of action诉因；诉权cease and desist终止cease and desist终止chose in action诉讼上的财产（权）;claim债权，民事诉讼请求;clean and neat condition清洁情况clear and convincing清楚且令人确信coming into your possession or control占有common counts（请求偿还欠款的）多种诉讼形式，起诉书; comparable参照物；对比compromise, arrangement or settlement协议Concurrence两者并存condense down 压缩condition条款，要件;confessed and acknowledged承认congress/senate）议会consideration（对价）constables巡警，警官;constitution or partners合伙continue on继续contract合同;convenient合宜的convey, transfer and set over 移交cooperate together合作counsel律师，法律顾问;count（控告的一条）罪状;counterpart（副件）court法庭;covenant（契约）covenants and agrees立约covenant合同，盟约;credit or facilities信贷crime犯罪;criminal detention刑事拘留damages损害赔偿金damage赔偿金;debt债务;declaration原告的申诉，供诉;decree法令；裁决deed or covenant, guarantee, indemnity, assurance, pledge保证物Deed 契约deem and consider视为defect, or insufficiency or want缺陷或不足或短缺defendant被告;defendant被告;delinquency—失职行为;demand要求，召唤;demise（出租）demur（抗辩）demurrer抗辩书;demurrer抗诉; estoppel禁止翻供;descent依法转交;desire希望；请求；要求；授权detain/ take into custody实施拘留Deterrence 威慑目的devise遗赠;do and perform 履行Dock 被告席DOJ=Department of Justice律政司(doubtless无争议的dry trust被动/消极信托;due care应有的注意each and all每人都each and every每个each and every所有easement地役权;esquire用于写信时称呼律师、治安法官等;estoppel in pais（衡平法上的）不容推翻的事实;evidence证词，证据;ex parte单方的;ex post facto事后的，追溯的;excessive过分的；过度的executed（已签字的，已生效的）execution（经签名盖章等）法律文件的生效;executive detention行政拘留（existing现行的expenses花费；费用；代价extreme cruelty极度虐待fair and equitable公正的fair division合理分割false and untrue虚假的fectitious defendant虚拟被告;fee simple and fee tail无条件继承的不动产和指定继承人继承的保有土地; fee simple继承者有全权的地产;fee tail有限制的继承地产;felony—重刑罪felony—重刑罪/重罪;felony重罪;few极少的final and conclusive最后的，决定性的fit and proper合适的fixtures or fittings固定设备fixture不动产的附着物force and effect生效forgive and pardon赦免forthwith立即;forward planning打算four corners of the instrument文件的完整内容fraud and deceit欺诈free and clear没有债务牵累的，(不动产)无任何负担的free and complete完全full and complete完全full and complete完全的，完整的full, true and correct完全正确的give, devise and bequeath 遗产give, devise and bequeath赠与goals(jails)监狱;good and effectual有效good and sufficient充足good and valid有效goods and chattels动产goods and chattels全部动产grant准予，授与;gross (如gross profit)，reasonable (如reasonable care/ man/ speed/ time等等)，serious (如serious illness/ misconduct, crime, circumstances等等) ，undue (如undue influence/ interference/ restraint 等等)，due (如due care/ process)guarantee保证书，保单;guarantee担保品，保单;guarantor（统）保证人;guardian ad litem（为某一特殊诉讼）指定的监护人;guardian监护人;habeas corpus人身保护令;habeas corpus人身保护令;habitual惯常的had and received收到had and received收到hand（签字）Hand签字have and hold持有heir继承人，后嗣;here words:hereafter从此以后，随后;hereby有鉴于此;hereinafter下文;hereinbefore上述;herein在此，据此看来;hereof对此;heretofore此前;hereto至此为止;hereunder（书、文件等中）在下面;herewith据此;hold and keep拥有，依法占有hue and cry追捕时的叫喊illegal, invalid or unenforceable无效illegality, invalidity or unenforceability无效Immunity 豁免权important essentialsimproper不良；不正当in connection with与有联系in flagrante delicto在犯罪现场;in full force and effect有完全效力的in locum parentis替代父母;in regard to关于in rem对物诉讼;in the funds and currency资金in your sole and absolute discretion您有绝对处置权inadequate不充分；不恰当Incapacitation 剥夺犯罪能力的目的incurred or arising out or in connection therewith incurred, created, assumed招致indictment控告，起诉;indulgence or concession让步infant幼儿，未成年人;inferior court初级法院；低级法院instrument（法律文据）intensive supervision probation 加强监督型缓刑intention目的；蓄意inter alia在其他事之间;inter partes在当事人之间;intoxicated喝醉的；陶醉的invalid or unenforceable无效或不可执行的irregular or improper不适当issue of fact事实上的争点issue of law法律上的争点judges审判员;judgment, award and/ or order判决judgment审判，裁决;judicial detention) 民事司法拘留(judicial notice法院公告;judicial proceeding司法[程序] [审判程序]；jurors陪审员;justices高等法院的法官;justice正义;keep and maintain保有laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;landlord/lessor出租方;larceny偷盗;large大的last will and testament遗嘱lately不久前law enforcement department) 执法部门(Leave 休庭legislator/lawmaker立法机构（）:let (如在"without let or hindrance"这个短语中)妨碍; let or hindrance阻碍letters patent专利特权许可证;letters（证书）Letters授权令lien留置权，扣押权;loans or advances made or to be made借款与预付made and entered into订立合同make payment, performance履行malice恶意；蓄意marriage婚姻，商业合并;master and servant雇主和雇员;master（雇主）means and includes手段Mens Rea主观过错/犯罪意图mere仅仅metes and bounds地界（土地转让中的用语）; mind and memory心意与记忆Minor 未成年人misdemeanor轻罪;misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misfeasance—失当行为;moneys, obligations and liabilities债务、责任与义务money货币;month-to-month tenancy按月付租金;more or less或多或少mortgage, charge按揭，押记motion（动议，法院令）mutually agree相互同意near近似negotiable instrument可转让的票据/可流通票据;net profit净利new and novel新的nominate, constitute and appoint任命nota bene留心，注意;note笔录;null and void无效nulla poena sine lege法无明文者不罚（罪刑法定主义原则）; obligation义务;obvious明显的order and direct命令oyez（法庭用语）肃静，静听;paid, discharged and satisfied支付、解除或清偿pardon and executive clemency 赦免和减刑pardon赦免;parliament/国会()/parties当事人;partner合伙人，股东;party（当事人）past history历史payment付款;perform and discharge履行义务physical evidence；物证pierce the corporate veil揭穿公司面纱plaintiff原告;plaintiff原告;plead guilty)；承认遭检控的罪名(plead（递诉状）pleadings（原告的）诉状，（被告的）答辩状;pledge抵押（权）;police n.警察（当局），v.管理，整顿;police station) 派出所(possession所有权，所有物;possible可能的prayer（诉讼请求）presents（本文件）presumption of innocence); 无罪推定(prima facie evidence 表面证据prima facie表面的;principal and surety主债务人和保证人;prior to先前的prisons监狱，拘留所;probation缓刑procuratorate organ）/检察院（）procuratorial personnel）/检察人员（promptly即期的property财产（指一切合法的不动产和动产）;proper准确的；体面的Prosecutions Division)/刑事检控科(prosecution检控（provided that 只要，但；provisions or enactment成文法proviso但书;public prosecutor(检控官)；purchase（置得（不动产））purchase购置;purported声称，宣称pursuant to stipulation遵照条款pursuant to根据，与……相符;quash撤销（一项传唤令或控告状），宣布（判决等）无效; quorum法定人数;record记录，档案；法院的卷宗，诉讼记录regular依法的；有规律的Rehabilitation 改造目的release, discharge or settlement免除、解除或和解remain in full force, validity and effect有充分效力remain silent in court) 保持缄默(remise, release and quitclaim放弃权利repair and make good补偿reprieve缓刑;request and require要求res ipsa loquitur事情不言自明;rest, residue and remainder 遗产rest, residue and remainder遗产Retribution 报应目的reversed and remanded撤销原判并发回重审right, interest and title权益right, power or remedy权利、权力和补偿robbery抢劫;roll案卷，档案;said (作形容词使用时)上述的;said（上文所说的）sat down for hearing聆讯satisfaction义务的履行；债务的清偿satisfy清偿债务；履行义务save and except除save and except除……以外save（除了）save除了;search warrant 搜查证sentence宣判，判决（专指刑事判决）; seriously and gravely严重servant受雇人;serve（送达）settle and compromise处理signed, sealed and delivered签署生效similar类似slander言词诽谤;sole and exclusive唯一的sound mind心智健全specialty（盖印合同）specialty盖印合同或契据;strangers to the blood无血缘关系的人style样式;subject to依据，以……为条件，受……规限; subsequent继之后such如此;suffer or permit容许sufficient足够的；充足suitable恰当的suit诉讼，控告;superior court高级法院surrender归还（土地权），自首;taking or raising any point提出temporarily临时tenant/lessee承租方;tenement（不动产）terms and conditions条款terms or conditions条款the deceased / the decedent 已故者the People’s Congress各级人大（）thenceforth从那时开始，此后thence由此，从那种情况或缘由，从此；thenwords:there words:thereabout大约，左右;thereafter以后，据此;thereat因此;thereby因此，从而;therefore因此;therefor为此;therein在那里，在那时;thereon 在其上，随即;theretofore直到那时，在那时之前; thereto到那里，此外;thereunder遵照，在其下;thereunto到那里;thereupon因此;therewith与此，与之;things所有物to do or cause to be done履行toll the statute中止诉讼时效tort侵权;tort侵权;totally null and void无效totally unanimous一致同意的，全体一致的transaction交易treason叛国罪;treason—叛国罪;trespass非法侵入（他人土地或住宅）;tried and tested可靠的true and correct正确的try审判；解决争端under or pursuant to依照under the influence of 受的影响understand理解；认识unless and until直到unless and until直到unreasonable无理性的；过度的unsafe危险的unsound不卫生的；不健全的unusual不寻常的usual寻常的valid or effective有效的valid or enforceable有效或可执行的valuable有价值的；贵重的verdict（由陪审团一致通过而为法院所接受的）裁决; versus对;violation—犯规/违反行为;voir dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核. voire dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核; voluntary法律上未要求的而自愿作的Warrant 拘捕令well and sufficiently充分well settled合理解决where words:whereas (相当于"given the fact that"), 鉴于; whereas有鉴于此whereat对那个，由于;whereby因此;whereof关于那事（人）；will and testament 遗嘱withholding, deduction扣除without prejudice不影响实体权利的without prejudice不影响实体权利的witness / human evidence人证witnesseth 意为提供某事的正式证据witness作证，表明; worthless空头writ of fieri facias强制执行令;。

法律英语词汇大全

Aabsolute proof 绝对质明absolute property 绝对财富〔权〕abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前〔偿还〕条款acceptance 承诺accident report 变乱陈述accident insurance 不测保险accusation 指控；控告accusatorial procedure 控告程序accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程〔程序〕accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控告人acknowledgement 认知(书)acquittal 无罪判决act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 预防诈欺和伪证条例action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损掉adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 办理人；监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采用；允许adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财富税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 敌手adversary trial system 对抗式〔或抗辩〕审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护；诉讼代办署理advocate 辩护人；诉讼代办署理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持〔原判〕affirmation 包管书；证词affirmative 确保的agency 〔行政〕机关agency action 机关〔行政〕机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白〔不在犯罪场的证明〕alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称；指控allege 诉称；指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替补陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy 类推Anglo-American Legal System英美法系anonymous accusation匿名控告appeal上诉appear出庭appellant上诉人appellate action上诉行为appellate court上诉法院appellee被上诉人appealer上诉人appropriate拨款appurtenant从属物arbiter仲裁员arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array陪审员名单arrest逮捕arrest warrant逮捕令〔证〕arrestee被捕人article条款，文章article of authority授权条款articles of confederation联帮条例articles of incorporation公司组织章程artificial person法人Asian American legal defense and education fund亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault意图或威胁伤害assert主张，传播鼓吹asset资产assistant attorney助理法官associate judge副法官associate justice副大法官assumption违约合同，违约抵偿之诉assumption 假定attempt意图，企图attempted escape逃脱未遂attestation证词attorney代办署理人，律师attorney at law律师attorney general查察长authentication鉴定authority权力，法源，权威性依据automobile insurance机动车保险automobile tort机动车侵权行为autonomy自治〔权〕Bban禁令，禁止banishment流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge破产债务解除bankruptcy judge破产法官bar律师职业bar association律师协会barrister出庭律师battery殴打bench trial法官审beneficiary受益人benefit收益，福得bigamy重婚罪bill of lading提单bill of right人权法案bind over具保，具结binder临时保险单binding有约束力binding contract有约束力的合同binding force约束力binding interpretation有约束力的解释black-letter law〔普通接受之底子原那么的〕黑体字法black nation bar association全美黑人律师协会blue sky law蓝天法〔关于股票买卖控制的法律〕Board of Governors〔ABA〕〔美国律师协会的〕董事会body of law 法体bond 债券；保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭挞breach 违约；破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂〔罪〕bright-line test 明显边界查验尺度broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act 大宗发卖条例burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任；证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary入室盗窃〔罪〕business corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreement〔股权〕承买协议buy-sell agreement〔股权〕买卖协议bylaws〔内部〕章程CCalifornia Penal Code 加州刑法典capital account 本钱帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 本钱盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case-in-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法case report 判决陈述case reports 判例汇编casualty insurance 〔不测伤害〕保险catalog 商品目录〔单〕certificate 证书certificate of existence 实体存在证明〔书〕challenge 置疑；挑战challenge for cause有理回避chancery court 衡平法院charging instrument 控告文件checks and balances 制衡〔原那么〕chief judge 首席法官chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官circumstantial evidence 旁证；情况证据citation 引证cite 援引；传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty 民事自由civil Litigation民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial 民事审判Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act 内战所得税条例Claim 诉讼请求，索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporation内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结，成交，结帐Closing argument 最后阐述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct 法官行为准那么Codify 编成法典Co-felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 从属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission佣金Commit 交托，犯〔罪〕Commitment 犯罪，许诺，委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 普通法Common law damages 普通法抵偿金Common law legal system(family) 普通法法系Common law marriage 普通法婚姻Common property 共同财富Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财富Comparative law 比较法Comparative negligence 比较过掉Compensation 抵偿〔金〕Compensatory damage 应予抵偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控告，申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 滥用毒品的综合预防与控制条例Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存〔判决〕定见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 充公Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意，承认Consideration 对价，约因Constitution 宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction 〔法律的〕布局，解释Construe 解释，阐发Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者庇护法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同构成Contract interpretation 合同解释Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯;违犯contributory negligence 共同过掉controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 不法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据copyright 版权;著作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律参谋corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸体;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育时机委员会counselor (法律)参谋;律师counselor-at-law 律师court 法院;法官court decision 法院判决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决定见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 交叉查问;盘诘cruel and unusual punishment 残忍和非常的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 习惯法customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害抵偿请求damages 损害抵偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单(券)debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation 诽谤default 不履行;违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defense's case-in-chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 缺乏额判决degrees of murder (恶意)杀人罪的等级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 成心deliberation (陪审团)评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性措置(或使用) designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer (地盘)开发商dicta 判决附带定见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接查问direct tax 直接税disa bility insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 解雇;释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移(保险)产物discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;施行dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 措置(权)dissent 贰言;反对dissenting opinion 贰言;反对定见dissolution 闭幕distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地域查抄官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket 备审案件目录doctrine 法那么;原那么doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原那么doctrine of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原那么document 文件;文书document of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause 休眠的"贸易条款" domicile 住所地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft 草拟;草拟draftman 草拟者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run 干转;排练due diligence 适当努力due process 正当程序Due Process Clause 正当程序条款due process test 正当程序查验尺度duration 期限duress 强迫;胁迫duty 义务;关税duty of care 照看义务Eearnest money 定金easyment 地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭economic law 经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时间element of crime 犯罪要素(件)empower 授权enact 制定;发布en banc 全体法官出庭审判encroachment 侵占encumbered property 典质财富enforce 实施；执行enforceable 可强制执行的enforceability 可执行性enforcement of Law 执法English-American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoin(衡平〕强制令entail 限定担当entity 实体environmental impact statement 环境影响陈述environmental Law 环境庇护法Environmental protection Agency(EPA) 环境庇护局environmental quality 环境质量equal protection clause 平等庇护条款equitable relief 衡平布施equity 衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券；衡平证券error 过错escape 逃走；逃脱escrow 第三者保留合同essential justice 本色公正estate财富；遗产estate tax 遗产税ＥＵDirective 欧盟指令evaluate 评价evict 逐出〔租户〕evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定evidentiary rule 证据规那么ex aequo at bono 公平且善良examine 查抄；查问examination 查抄；查问exception 例外exception clause 例外条款excise tax 执照税exclude 排除exclusive listing 读家上市exclusive right 排他性权利exclusive tax situs 独一征税地址excusable homicide 可宽恕之杀人execute 执行；签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部分executive order 行政命令executor (遗嘱〕执行人executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免除；豁免exhibit 展示物〔证〕exigent circumstance 紧急情况existing securities 上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期抵偿金expert 专家〔证人〕expert testimony 专家证言expert witness 专家证人express contract 明示合同express statutory provision 法律明文规定express warranty 明示包管〔保修〕ex rel 依据揭发face amount 面颊face value 面植facilitate 促使：利于fact 事实fact in issue 争议事实factor 因素；代办署理商Factors Lien Act 代办署理商留置权条例Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 不法拘禁family law 家庭法fault 过错fault principle 过错原那么feasibility study 可行性研究Federal Administrative Procedure Act 联邦行政程序Federal Antitrust Law 联邦犯托拉斯法federal convention 联邦制宪会议federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪Federal Housing Act 联邦住房条例Federal Income Tax Act 联邦所得税条例federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure 联邦民事诉讼规那么Federal rules of criminal procedure 联邦刑事诉讼规那么Federal rules of evidence 联邦证据规那么Federal securities act 联邦证券条例federal supremacy 联邦至上〔原那么〕Federal tort claims act 联邦侵权索赔条例felon 重罪犯felony 重罪felony-murder 重罪杀人fiduciary 受托人file 档案；注册file a petition 呈交诉状；提出请求fine 罚金fingerprint 手印fire insurance 火灾保险fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀first instance 一审fixture 〔不动产〕从属物flogging 烙印force of law 法律效力forcible felony 暴力性重罪foreign exchange risk 外汇风险forfeiture 充公；罚没form contract 格式合同form of evidence 证据的形式formal adjudication 正式裁决formal rulemaking 正式规那么制定formation 构成；鉴定franchise tax 特许经营税fraud 诈欺free enterprise system 自由企业制度free movement of goods 自由物流，货物的自由畅通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate 使受挫折fundamental law 底子法fundamental right 底子权利Ggeneral acceptance standard (科学证据的)公认尺度general partnership 一般合伙general property 一般财富〔权〕general provisions 总那么gerontocratic 白叟统治的gift tax 赠予税government tort 当局侵权〔行为〕grant of power 授权gross negligence 严重过掉group insurance 团体保险guarantee 担保guardian 监护人guardianship 监护权guidelines for sentencing 量刑指南guilt 有罪guilty 有罪的guilty 有罪辩说Hhabitual offender 惯犯hail insurance 冰雹保险handcuff 手铐handwriting 笔迹health insurance 健康保险health regulation 卫生法规hearing 听证〔会〕hearing of jury 陪审团听审hearsay 传说风闻证据heir 担当人hierarchy 等级制度high crime 重罪hold 认定；裁定holding 认定；裁定holding device 拥有手段〔形式〕homicide 杀人〔罪〕homosexuality 同性恋house counsel 〔公司〕专职法律参谋husband-wife relationship 夫妻关系husband-wife tort 夫妻侵权〔行为〕IId. 同上identification 认定；确认身份；身份证ignore 无视；驳回illegal 不法的；违法的immaterial 无本色性的immigration law 移民法immovable property 不动产immunity 豁免〔权〕impair 损害；削弱impeachment 弹劾；质疑implementation 实施；执行implied contract 默认合同implied warranty 默认包管〔保修〕imprisonment 监禁imputable 可归罪于……的imputation 归罪in re 关于；案由in recess 休庭in rem 对物的〔诉讼〕in session 开庭inadmissible evidence 不成采证据incarceration 禁闭；监禁incest 乱伦income tax 所得税Income Tax Act 所得税条例income tax on corporations 公司所得税income tax on individuals 个人所得税incompetence 无行为能力；无法律资格incompetent 无行为能力的；无法律资格的incorporation 法人；公司；组成公司incorporator 公司创办人independent regulatory agency 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税individual choice 个人选择〔权〕individual freedom 个人自由individual omni competence 个人全权individual proprietorship 个体业主individual right 个人权利ineffective 掉效的inequality 不服等infamous 罪恶的；丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处分informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规那么制定information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目;谍报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制布施injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 查询拜访inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神变态insanity defense 精神变态辩护inspection 查抄;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的地盘出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益insurable loss 可保损掉insurance agent 保险代办署理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费insurance proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险工程insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财富intangible personal property 无形的人身财富(权) inter alia 除了此外以外interfere 干预;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;(诉讼)中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调整interrogation 国际商务intentional 成心的intentional tort 成心侵权行为interest 利息;权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权investigation 侦查;查询拜访investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irrelevancy 无相关性irrelevant 不相关的irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据irrevocable 不成撤销的irrevocable life insurance trust 不成撤销的人寿保险信托itinerant judge 巡回法官Jjoint tenancy 共同租借(权)joint venture 合资企业joint venture corporation合资公司joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment中外合资企业judge法官judge-made law法官立法judge's chamber法官室judge's charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's instruction to jury法官对陪审团的指示judgment判决，裁定judicial branch司法部分judicial clerkship法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district司法区judicial interpretation司法解释judicial notice司法任职judicial opinion法官判决定见judicial review司法审查judicial scrutiny司法查抄judicial subjectivity审判主不雅性judicial system法院系统judiciary法官jurisdiction司法管辖区jurisprudence法理学juror陪审员jury陪审团jury charge法官对陪审团的指令jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice公正，大法官justice of the peace治安法官justifiable homicide正当杀人juvenile court未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency未成年人违法行为ＫKey man assurance关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks回扣Kill杀人Killer杀人者Know-how技术奥秘，商业奥秘Ｌland use law地盘使用法last clear chance doctrine最后明显时机法那么law 法，法律law firm律师事务所law merchant商业习惯法law of evidence证据法law reform法律鼎新lawsuit诉讼，官司lawyer律师lawyer in government当局律师；官方律师lawyer in private practice私人开业律师lawyerette律师娘lawman外行人lay witness普通证人；非专家证人lease租赁lease agreement租赁协议legacy遗产legacy tax遗产税legal合法的legal advice法律咨询legal commentary法律评论legal education法律教育legal effect法律教育legal enforcement法律效力legal English法律英语legal family法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mechanism法律机制legal memorandum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方法论legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业legal protection 法律庇护legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障〔办法〕legal system 法律体系；法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制legislation 立法legislative branch 立法部分legislative history 立法史legislature 立法机关legitimate 合法的levy 征收〔税〕liability 责任；债务liability insurance 责任保险liberty 自由license plate 〔车〕执照牌license tax 执照税lien 留置〔权〕life estate 终生财〔遗〕产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 著作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼；打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor (英国)大法官loss of rights 丧掉权利MMagistrate 司法官Magna Charta of great Britain 英国大宪章mail order 邮购majority opinion 大都〔法官〕的定见malicious prosecution 恶意起诉malfeasance 渎职〔罪〕malpractice 渎职行为mandate 命令；授权mandatory insurance law 强制保险法manslaughter 非恶意杀人marine insurance 海上保险marital status 婚姻状况marital status classification 婚姻状况的分类maritime tort 海上侵权行为market economy 市场经济marriage 婚姻marriage ceremony 婚礼marriage certificate 成婚证书marriage law 婚姻法marriage relationship 婚姻关系marriage termination rule (残疾人领取社会保险补助的)婚姻终止规那么material 本色性的materiality 本色性maxims of equity law 衡平法准那么Mayflower Compact “五月花号〞公约medical malpractice 大夫不妥行为mental capacity 心智能力mental condition 精神状态mentor 辅导教师minor issue 枝节问题；未成年人问题Miranda Warning 米兰达忠〔警〕告misapply 错误适用misdemeanor 轻罪mislaid property 错置财富misrepresentation 虚假陈述mistrial 无效审判mock trial 模拟审判Model Business Corporation Act 尺度实业公司条例Model Penal Code 尺度刑法典Model State Administrative Procedure Act 尺度洲行政程序条例modern commerce Power test 现代商务〔贸易〕权力查验尺度modern delegation of power doctrine 现代授权法那么monopolization 垄断monopoly right 专有权moot court 模拟法庭mortgage 典质〔品〕motion 动议，请求movable property 动产multiple listing 多重上市；多重登记Multistate Bar Exam 多洲律师资格测验murder 恶意杀人；凶杀murderer 杀人犯mutilation 断肢NNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种促进会National Conference of Black Lawyers 全国黑人律师大会National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform state Laws 统一各洲法律全国代表大会National Environmental Policy Act 全国环境政策条例National Institute of Minority Lawyers 全国少数民族律师学会National Law Journal 国家法律学报narcotics distribution 麻醉品供销narcotics trafficking 麻醉品交易narcotics violation 麻醉品违法行为natural justice 自然公正negative form of protection 否认〔或消极〕形式的庇护negligence 过掉negligent homicide 过掉杀人negligent tort 过掉侵权行为negotiable instrument 单据negotiation 谈判；协商New Deal 〔罗斯福〕“新政〞no contest 无争辩no par share 无面值股票non-profit corporation 非营利公司norm 尺度；尺度not guilty plea 无罪辩说notice 通知notice of transfer 过户通知notification 通知；传递notion 概念nullification process 无效程序Oobject 反对objection 反对；贰言obligation 义务occupancy agreement 占用协议offender 犯罪人offense 罪行offer 要约；发盘offer of Proof 提供证明Old Boy Network 老哥们关系网Omission不做为：不履行义务Omni competence有全部权利Opening statement开场陈述Opening testimony定见证言Oral contract口头合同Order命令；次序Pperforms' rights 表演权peril 危险perjure作伪证perjury伪证罪perpetrate犯罪perpetator犯罪人ordinance法令personal property动产outstanding balance未付款额personal right人身权利outstanding share已发行股票personal tort人身侵权overrule推翻；驳回persuasive authority劝导性发源ownership所有权petition申请ownership interest所有权力petty misdemeanor微罪physical exhibit展示物品physical injury身体伤害panel团或组plaintiff原告人par value面值plea辩说paramour奸夫plea of guilty有罪辩说parent child relation父子女关系plea of contest无争辩辩说parent corporation母公司plea of guilty无罪辩说parent unfitness父母不堪任police差人parole假释police magistrate警务法官partnership合伙police magistrate court差人法院passage of title产权转移police power差人权利passive investor消极投资人policy政策patent专利policy holder投保人paternity父亲身份poll tax人头税penal code刑法典portfolio of risk风险组合penalty刑罚possession占有权pending待决postponement延迟penitentiary监狱practice law从事律师工作penitentiary sentence监禁刑practicing lawyer开业律师penology刑法学practice of law律师事物per curiam依法院所定precedent判例peremptory challenge强制回避precedential support判例撑持perform履行predeprivation hearing执行剥夺前的听证performance履行predictability可预见性performance bond履行包管金preept 优先于Preferential claim 优先索赔权Preferred stock 优先股票Prejudice 成见Preliminary exanimation 预审Preliminary hearing 预审听证会Preliminary injunction预先执行令Preliminary negotiation预谈判；初步协商Premises房屋；上述房屋Premium保险费；红利；溢价prenticed seizure 通知前扣押preponderance of proof 优势证明preponderant evidence 优势证据prescription 时效；规定presentation 陈述persistence investigation 量刑前查询拜访presidential Assassination Statute 暗算总统法presumption innocence 无罪推定pretrial motion 审前动议prevailing doctrine 优势法那么；流行学说prevail 优先〔适用〕prima facie 外表的；初步的prima facie evidence 有外表证据之案prima facie evidence 外表证据primary authority 主要法源principle of legality 法制原那么privacy 隐私权private corporation 私有公司private law 私法private property 私有财富private prosecution 私诉privilege 特权；特许权；特免权privileges and immunities clause 特权与豁免条款prose 本身；亲自probable cause 可能理由；合理原因probate court 遗嘱查验法院probation 缓刑probation officer 缓刑官probative value 证明价值probativeness 证明性procedural history 程序史procedural regime 诉讼制度procedural safeguard 程序保障procedure 程序proceedings 诉讼；程序product liability 产物责任profit 利润profit corporation 营利公司progeny 儿女prohibition 禁止promise 许诺promulgation 发布proof 证明proof beyond a reasonable doubt 超出合理疑心的证明property 财富property law 财富法property right 财富权利property tax 财富税property tort 财富侵权行为proponent 撑持者；提议者proprietor 个体业主proprietorship 个体企业proscription 禁止；剥夺公权prosecuting attorney 公诉律师；查察官prosecution 起诉prosecutor 查察官；起诉人prosecutor’s case-in-chief 检方主诉prospective juror 将任陪审员prostitute 妓女protective tariff 庇护性关税prove 证明Provision 规定，条款Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例Psychiatrist 精神病学家Public charge 受当局布施者、Public corporation 公有公司Public defender 公共辩护律师Public good 公益Public law 公法Public offense 公罪〔侵犯公共利益的犯罪〕Public property 公共财富Public prosecution 公诉Public prosecutor 公诉人，查察官Public utilities 公共事业Public held corporation 公众持股公司Punishable 可处分的Punishment 刑罚Punitive sanction 惩罚性处分Purpose 目的，宗旨Pursuant to law 依法QQualified property 有限制财富Quantum meruit 〔无合同规按时〕按合理价格支付，合理给付Quasi tort 准侵权行为Quote 引用，引证RRacial discrimination 种族歧视Racial segregation 种族隔离Rain insurance 雨水保险Rarnpant 跋扈獗的Rape 强奸Ratify 承认Rational relationship test 合理关系查验尺度Real estate 不动产Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act 不动产纠纷解决程序条例Real evidence 实在证据Real property 不动产Reasonable basis 合理按照Reasoning 论证，推论Rebuttable presumption 可驳回推定Rebuttal evidence 辩驳证据Recess 休庭Reciprocal exemption statutes 互免税法律Reckless conduct 疏忽大意行为Reckless homicide 疏忽大意杀人Recourse 追索权，求偿权Recovery 追索，抵偿Redemption 赎回Redress 矫正，抵偿Registration sticker 注册贴签Regulation 法规，规章Rehearing 复审Reinstatement 〔权利〕恢复Reinstatement fee 恢复费Release 释放Relevancy 相关性Relevant evidence 相关证据Relief 布施Remand 发还重审Remedy 补救Repeal 废止，裁撤Repealer 废止议案Repeat offender 累犯Representation 代办署理Res ipsa loquitur 不言自明的Reservation of power 权利保留Reserve 储藏金〔保险〕预备金Reserve portfolio of risk 预备金组合风险Resolution 决议，解决Rest 遏制陈述Restatements of law 法律注释汇编Restitution 恢复原状Restitutionary relief 恢复原状的布施Restraint 约束；限制retain 蝉联retire 退休；退庭retroactive 有溯及力的retroactive effect 溯及力revenue 税收revised uniform limited partnership act 统一有限合伙修订条例revocable trust 可撤销的信托revocation 撤回right 权利right to privacy 隐私权rigid procedure 刚性程序risk 风险risk transfer 风险转移robbery 抢劫〔罪〕roman law 罗马法roman law legal system(or family)罗马法系roster 花名册；专门人员名单rule of evidence 证据规那么rule of law 法治；法律规那么rulemaking 规章制定；规那么制定ruling 裁定ruling on evidence 关于证据的裁定SSafety responsibility law 安然责任法Sales tax 发卖税Sanction 制裁；处分；罚那么sanitary code 卫生条例search 搜查search warrant 搜查令second instance 二审secondary authon`ty 次要法源secondary benefit 次位补助金secondary financing 间接融资secondary party 间接当事人；次位当事人secret service 〔联邦〕保密署secretary of state 州务部长secured debt 担保债务securities 证券Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会securities exchange act 证券交易条例securities law 证券法security 担保；保安；证券seductive 诱人出错的seize 扣押seizure 扣押seizure warrant 扣押令〔状〕self-defense 自卫；正当防卫self-identification 自我认定self-incrimination 自我归罪seminar 研讨班；研讨会；研讨课程separate 分立；分局separate legal entity 独立法律实体separate property 分有财富separation of powers 三权分立settlement agreement 清偿协议settler 财富授予者share 股份；股票share holder 股东shell corporation 空壳公司shoplifting 商店偷拿行为short title 简称shyster 讼棍sickness insurance 疾病保险simulation 模拟〔操练〕slander 诽谤social security act 社会保险条例social security benefit 社会保险补助金social security tax 社会保险税solicitor 诉状律师source 渊源sovereign power 主权special court 出格法院；专门法院special property 出格财富specific performance 出格履行specimen 样本stamp tax 印花税standard of proof 证明尺度standing 依据stare decisis 遵畴前例state attorney 洲查察官state property 国家财富statd capital 设定资产statute 制定法；法律statute-like norm 准法律尺度statute of frauds 诈欺条例；反诈欺法statutory authority 制定法法源statutory crime 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory law 制定法statutory measure 法定办法statutory offense 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory provision 法律规定stay 延缓〔审判或执行〕stock 股票stock exchange 股票交易stock retirement plan 退股方案stock transfer tax 股票过户税strategy 战略；策略strict liability tort 严格责任侵权strike insurance 罢工保险sub judice 在审判中；尚未判决subject 主体；标的subject matter 主题事项；标的subject property 标的财富subject to financing clause 融资条件条款subpoena 传唤〔令〕subsidiary corproration 子公司；从属公司subsistence allowance 生活津贴substantial evidence 本色〔体〕证据substantail law 实体法substantive due process 实体性正当程序substantive law 实体法sue 起诉；诉sufficient evidence 充沛证据suit 诉讼summary judgment 即决判决supervisor 监察；监委support 供养；抚养supreme court 最高法院supreme law 最高法律〔宪法〕suspect 嫌疑人suspicion 嫌疑；疑心sustain 维持；承认Ttangible 有形的tangible evidence 实物证据tangible property 有形财富tarriff 关税task force 专项研究组；专案组tax 税；税收tax assessment procedure 税额评定程序tax court 税收法院tax evasion 逃税tax law 税法taxation 税收；税务taxation law 税收法；税务法tenant 承租人term 条款；期限testamentary trust 遗嘱委托testator 立遗嘱人testify 作证testimonial evidence 言词证据testimony 证言the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB) 争端解决机构the European Intellectual Property Review 欧洲常识产权评论the Fleet Street Reports 舰队街判例汇编title 产权书title insurance 产权保险title insurer 产权保险人title plant 产权书库tort 侵权〔行为〕tort claim 侵权索赔〔请求〕tort feasor 侵权行为人tort law 侵权法tortions 侵权行为的trade mark 商标traffic accidents 交通变乱traffic ticket 交通违章〔罚款〕通知单tranquility 安宁transaction 交易transfer 转让，过户travel accident insurance 旅行不测保险treason 叛国罪treaty 条约trespass 侵犯，侵害trial 审判trail by judge 法官审判trail by jury 陪审团审判trail court 审判法院，初审法院。

法律英语词汇大全

法律英语词汇大全法律翻译常用词汇注释AAbinitio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。

如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿等。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

Acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。

在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

法律英语的词语英语翻译

about大概absolutely unique单独abuse of discretion滥用财量权acknowledge and confess供认有罪Action 诉讼action（诉讼）action诉讼，起诉权;Actus Reus犯罪行为affidavit宣誓书;aforesaid如上所述的;after or change改变agency代理（权），机构;agree and declare同意agreement合约;agrees and consents同意aid and abet同谋aid and comfort安慰alias summons（第一次发出的传票无效后）再次发出的传票; alias别名;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在犯罪现场的证据alien（转让，让渡（所有权））alien让渡，转让财产;all and singular一律alleged有嫌疑的,指控的，宣称的，主张的alter and change变更alter ego至交，知己；第二个我amount due or owing到期应付的金额and/o及；或rany matter, fact or things事件any matter, fact or thing事件apparently显然Appeal 上诉appeal上诉;appeal上诉;approach the bench 过来approximately近似argumentative来自推论的；可争议的arrest warrant 逮捕证arrested in flagrante delicto当场被捕，arrest逮捕;arson纵火罪;as soon as possible尽快ascend up上升assault殴打，侵犯他人身体罪;at issue在审议中的，讨论的；待解决的，待裁决的attorney general检察长/首席检察官/司法部长; attorneys律师，检察官;authorise and empower授权available可获得的average平均数；中等水平；海损avoid （撤销）Award 裁决,判决bail exonerated 保证人责任的免除bail保释（金）;battery殴打;be cumulative and in addition另外be declared or adjudged判决bill, note票据bill议案，起诉书;Blackacr黑亩（与whiteacre 白亩相对）blend together混合bona fide真正的;breaking and entering破门窗闯入burden of proof）举证责任（bureau of public security公安局();by this act and deed有约束力契约by virtue of or in connection with由于came on for hearing聆讯came on for hearing听讼cancel, annul and set aside取消，废止care注意；监护case案件，诉讼；判例Causation 因果关系cause of action诉因；诉权cease and desist终止cease and desist终止chose in action诉讼上的财产（权）;claim债权，民事诉讼请求;clean and neat condition清洁情况clear and convincing清楚且令人确信coming into your possession or control占有common counts（请求偿还欠款的）多种诉讼形式，起诉书; comparable参照物；对比compromise, arrangement or settlement协议Concurrence两者并存condense down 压缩condition条款，要件;confessed and acknowledged承认congress/senate）议会consideration（对价）constables巡警，警官;constitution or partners合伙continue on继续contract合同;convenient合宜的convey, transfer and set over 移交cooperate together合作counsel律师，法律顾问;count（控告的一条）罪状;counterpart（副件）court法庭;covenant（契约）covenants and agrees立约covenant合同，盟约;credit or facilities信贷crime犯罪;criminal detention刑事拘留damages损害赔偿金damage赔偿金;debt债务;declaration原告的申诉，供诉;decree法令；裁决deed or covenant, guarantee, indemnity, assurance, pledge保证物Deed 契约deem and consider视为defect, or insufficiency or want缺陷或不足或短缺defendant被告;defendant被告;delinquency—失职行为;demand要求，召唤;demise（出租）demur（抗辩）demurrer抗辩书;demurrer抗诉; estoppel禁止翻供;descent依法转交;desire希望；请求；要求；授权detain/ take into custody实施拘留Deterrence 威慑目的devise遗赠;do and perform 履行Dock 被告席DOJ=Department of Justice律政司(doubtless无争议的dry trust被动/消极信托;due care应有的注意each and all每人都each and every每个each and every所有easement地役权;esquire用于写信时称呼律师、治安法官等;estoppel in pais（衡平法上的）不容推翻的事实;evidence证词，证据;ex parte单方的;ex post facto事后的，追溯的;excessive过分的；过度的executed（已签字的，已生效的）execution（经签名盖章等）法律文件的生效;executive detention行政拘留（existing现行的expenses花费；费用；代价extreme cruelty极度虐待fair and equitable公正的fair division合理分割false and untrue虚假的fectitious defendant虚拟被告;fee simple and fee tail无条件继承的不动产和指定继承人继承的保有土地; fee simple继承者有全权的地产;fee tail有限制的继承地产;felony—重刑罪felony—重刑罪/重罪;felony重罪;few极少的final and conclusive最后的，决定性的fit and proper合适的fixtures or fittings固定设备fixture不动产的附着物force and effect生效forgive and pardon赦免forthwith立即;forward planning打算four corners of the instrument文件的完整内容fraud and deceit欺诈free and clear没有债务牵累的，(不动产)无任何负担的free and complete完全full and complete完全full and complete完全的，完整的full, true and correct完全正确的give, devise and bequeath 遗产give, devise and bequeath赠与goals(jails)监狱;good and effectual有效good and sufficient充足good and valid有效goods and chattels动产goods and chattels全部动产grant准予，授与;gross (如gross profit)，reasonable (如reasonable care/ man/ speed/ time等等)，serious (如serious illness/ misconduct, crime, circumstances等等) ，undue (如undue influence/ interference/ restraint 等等)，due (如due care/ process)guarantee保证书，保单;guarantee担保品，保单;guarantor（统）保证人;guardian ad litem（为某一特殊诉讼）指定的监护人;guardian监护人;habeas corpus人身保护令;habeas corpus人身保护令;habitual惯常的had and received收到had and received收到hand（签字）Hand签字have and hold持有heir继承人，后嗣;here words:hereafter从此以后，随后;hereby有鉴于此;hereinafter下文;hereinbefore上述;herein在此，据此看来;hereof对此;heretofore此前;hereto至此为止;hereunder（书、文件等中）在下面;herewith据此;hold and keep拥有，依法占有hue and cry追捕时的叫喊illegal, invalid or unenforceable无效illegality, invalidity or unenforceability无效Immunity 豁免权important essentialsimproper不良；不正当in connection with与有联系in flagrante delicto在犯罪现场;in full force and effect有完全效力的in locum parentis替代父母;in regard to关于in rem对物诉讼;in the funds and currency资金in your sole and absolute discretion您有绝对处置权inadequate不充分；不恰当Incapacitation 剥夺犯罪能力的目的incurred or arising out or in connection therewith incurred, created, assumed招致indictment控告，起诉;indulgence or concession让步infant幼儿，未成年人;inferior court初级法院；低级法院instrument（法律文据）intensive supervision probation 加强监督型缓刑intention目的；蓄意inter alia在其他事之间;inter partes在当事人之间;intoxicated喝醉的；陶醉的invalid or unenforceable无效或不可执行的irregular or improper不适当issue of fact事实上的争点issue of law法律上的争点judges审判员;judgment, award and/ or order判决judgment审判，裁决;judicial detention) 民事司法拘留(judicial notice法院公告;judicial proceeding司法[程序] [审判程序]；jurors陪审员;justices高等法院的法官;justice正义;keep and maintain保有laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;landlord/lessor出租方;larceny偷盗;large大的last will and testament遗嘱lately不久前law enforcement department) 执法部门(Leave 休庭legislator/lawmaker立法机构（）:let (如在"without let or hindrance"这个短语中)妨碍; let or hindrance阻碍letters patent专利特权许可证;letters（证书）Letters授权令lien留置权，扣押权;loans or advances made or to be made借款与预付made and entered into订立合同make payment, performance履行malice恶意；蓄意marriage婚姻，商业合并;master and servant雇主和雇员;master（雇主）means and includes手段Mens Rea主观过错/犯罪意图mere仅仅metes and bounds地界（土地转让中的用语）; mind and memory心意与记忆Minor 未成年人misdemeanor轻罪;misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misfeasance—失当行为;moneys, obligations and liabilities债务、责任与义务money货币;month-to-month tenancy按月付租金;more or less或多或少mortgage, charge按揭，押记motion（动议，法院令）mutually agree相互同意near近似negotiable instrument可转让的票据/可流通票据;net profit净利new and novel新的nominate, constitute and appoint任命nota bene留心，注意;note笔录;null and void无效nulla poena sine lege法无明文者不罚（罪刑法定主义原则）; obligation义务;obvious明显的order and direct命令oyez（法庭用语）肃静，静听;paid, discharged and satisfied支付、解除或清偿pardon and executive clemency 赦免和减刑pardon赦免;parliament/国会()/parties当事人;partner合伙人，股东;party（当事人）past history历史payment付款;perform and discharge履行义务physical evidence；物证pierce the corporate veil揭穿公司面纱plaintiff原告;plaintiff原告;plead guilty)；承认遭检控的罪名(plead（递诉状）pleadings（原告的）诉状，（被告的）答辩状;pledge抵押（权）;police n.警察（当局），v.管理，整顿;police station) 派出所(possession所有权，所有物;possible可能的prayer（诉讼请求）presents（本文件）presumption of innocence); 无罪推定(prima facie evidence 表面证据prima facie表面的;principal and surety主债务人和保证人;prior to先前的prisons监狱，拘留所;probation缓刑procuratorate organ）/检察院（）procuratorial personnel）/检察人员（promptly即期的property财产（指一切合法的不动产和动产）;proper准确的；体面的Prosecutions Division)/刑事检控科(prosecution检控（provided that 只要，但；provisions or enactment成文法proviso但书;public prosecutor(检控官)；purchase（置得（不动产））purchase购置;purported声称，宣称pursuant to stipulation遵照条款pursuant to根据，与……相符;quash撤销（一项传唤令或控告状），宣布（判决等）无效; quorum法定人数;record记录，档案；法院的卷宗，诉讼记录regular依法的；有规律的Rehabilitation 改造目的release, discharge or settlement免除、解除或和解remain in full force, validity and effect有充分效力remain silent in court) 保持缄默(remise, release and quitclaim放弃权利repair and make good补偿reprieve缓刑;request and require要求res ipsa loquitur事情不言自明;rest, residue and remainder 遗产rest, residue and remainder遗产Retribution 报应目的reversed and remanded撤销原判并发回重审right, interest and title权益right, power or remedy权利、权力和补偿robbery抢劫;roll案卷，档案;said (作形容词使用时)上述的;said（上文所说的）sat down for hearing聆讯satisfaction义务的履行；债务的清偿satisfy清偿债务；履行义务save and except除save and except除……以外save（除了）save除了;search warrant 搜查证sentence宣判，判决（专指刑事判决）; seriously and gravely严重servant受雇人;serve（送达）settle and compromise处理signed, sealed and delivered签署生效similar类似slander言词诽谤;sole and exclusive唯一的sound mind心智健全specialty（盖印合同）specialty盖印合同或契据;strangers to the blood无血缘关系的人style样式;subject to依据，以……为条件，受……规限; subsequent继之后such如此;suffer or permit容许sufficient足够的；充足suitable恰当的suit诉讼，控告;superior court高级法院surrender归还（土地权），自首;taking or raising any point提出temporarily临时tenant/lessee承租方;tenement（不动产）terms and conditions条款terms or conditions条款the deceased / the decedent 已故者the People’s Congress各级人大（）thenceforth从那时开始，此后thence由此，从那种情况或缘由，从此；thenwords:there words:thereabout大约，左右;thereafter以后，据此;thereat因此;thereby因此，从而;therefore因此;therefor为此;therein在那里，在那时;thereon 在其上，随即;theretofore直到那时，在那时之前; thereto到那里，此外;thereunder遵照，在其下;thereunto到那里;thereupon因此;therewith与此，与之;things所有物to do or cause to be done履行toll the statute中止诉讼时效tort侵权;tort侵权;totally null and void无效totally unanimous一致同意的，全体一致的transaction交易treason叛国罪;treason—叛国罪;trespass非法侵入（他人土地或住宅）;tried and tested可靠的true and correct正确的try审判；解决争端under or pursuant to依照under the influence of 受的影响understand理解；认识unless and until直到unless and until直到unreasonable无理性的；过度的unsafe危险的unsound不卫生的；不健全的unusual不寻常的usual寻常的valid or effective有效的valid or enforceable有效或可执行的valuable有价值的；贵重的verdict（由陪审团一致通过而为法院所接受的）裁决; versus对;violation—犯规/违反行为;voir dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核. voire dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核; voluntary法律上未要求的而自愿作的Warrant 拘捕令well and sufficiently充分well settled合理解决where words:whereas (相当于"given the fact that"), 鉴于; whereas有鉴于此whereat对那个，由于;whereby因此;whereof关于那事（人）；will and testament 遗嘱withholding, deduction扣除without prejudice不影响实体权利的without prejudice不影响实体权利的witness / human evidence人证witnesseth 意为提供某事的正式证据witness作证，表明; worthless空头writ of fieri facias强制执行令;。

法律文本中shall的用法

法律文本中shall的用法法律文本中shall的用法在英文的法律文本中，法律翻译者经常会碰到情态动词，能否准确翻译，也体现着翻译者的水平高低，尤其是shall在法律文本的翻译中更是频繁，下面就来看一下法律英语中shall的用法。

“shall”怎么译“shall”一般用于法律或半法律文件中，含有“本条款具有法律规定的指令性或强制性之意”。

尤其是在经贸法律文本中，“shall”的译法种类繁多，通常被译为“须”、“应”，有时被译成“应当”，也有时译成“要”、“将”、“可”，还有被译成“必须”，举例如下：1. …the election or recall of chief procurators of people’s procuratorates shall be reported to the chief procurators of the people’s procuratorates at the next higher level for submiss ion to the standing committees of the people’s congresses at the corresponding level for approval.选出或罢免人民检察长，须报上级人民检察院检察长提请该级人民代表大会常务委员会批准。

(宪法)2.One who instigates others to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in the joint crime. One who instigates a person under the age of eighteen to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.教唆他人犯罪的，应当按照他在共同犯罪中起的作用处罚。