为何女性领导者太少

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揭秘:中国女性为何从政少?

揭秘:中国女性为何从政少?

揭秘:中国女性为何从政少?在中国,有一个普遍现象,那就是历来都是男性从政比例远高于女性从政比例。

而从政女性中大多职位比较低。

这似乎跟中国所提倡的男女平等不相符,质疑称,既然男女平等,那也应有更多的女性占据高位,中国政府也一直很注重对女领导的培养选拔,要求提高女官员的比例。

那为什么女领导还是那么少?经过调查问询,对此进行了大揭秘。

女性从政少揭秘之一:傲慢与偏见审视当代中国女性从政之路,前方虽然光明,却还萦绕着混沌不清的迷雾;脚下虽然有路,但其间还多牵绊坎坷。

正如当今这个多元复杂的大时代一样,社会对女性从政的态度,明朗中有疑虑,肯定中有偏见;而从政女性的自身角色定位,也在传统与现代间摇摆不定。

男女平等作为政治正确的一部分,在公开场面,大概无人敢冒大不韪说不是的话。

但在私下,也有人对女性参政持不信任态度。

现实中,女性的专业表现与工作能力往往不如外貌、婚姻状况引起外界的兴趣。

一被提拔,有人马上热议其关系、背景,有什么样的后台靠山,甚至由此展开一些暧昧的联想;还有些流言蜚语:“看,女的就是提得快!”有一位女市纪委书记说,当初她从县纪委副书记、监察局局长被提任现职,坊间颇多议论,认为她是沾了政策的光,“要不,书记都没提,为何轮到她?”当她凭能力很快在新岗位打开局面后,人们才开始承认她。

对女性领导工作表现的评价,也有许多矛盾之处。

女领导如果性格温和,便被认为软弱,缺少魄力,镇不住堂子;但如果像男同志一样表现强势,又会被指责为缺少柔情、不像女人。

以往常常用作风“泼辣”来形容一个能干的女干部,然而这泼辣二字,实在是令人望而生畏。

在社会上,女性领导往往要承担比男性更重的压力,经受双重标准的检验。

工作上,用的是男性标准,家庭中,用的是女人标准。

男性领导如果忙不顾家,就是“做大事的”;女性领导如果忙而不顾家,就“不是女人”。

于是,几乎每位女性高官就任后,都会极力对自己的政治身份与家庭身份之间的关系进行诠释,表白自己不仅是好领导,还是好女人、好媳妇。

为什么国家高层没有女性

为什么国家高层没有女性

为什么国家高层没有女性
女性很少成为高层的原因,一部分是因为女性自身的原因,另一部分是这个社会的普遍认知导致的,还有一部分原因是因为公司的高层是男性会下意识的更愿意选择男性来担任高职。

一、女性自身的原因
从思维方面来讲的话,女性是偏向形象性思维的,男性是偏向逻辑性思维的,各有所长,很多女性在做管理层的时候难免会比较情绪化一些。

情绪化是很多女性需要克服的一个问题,而能够做到高层的女性通常来说都能够做到就事论事,以公司的利益为主,这部分的女性是比较少的。

女性受到的教育受到的社会影响,在思维上展现出来,就导致自己在做决策的时候远不如男性的逻辑思维。

二、社会的普遍认知导致
这个社会给予那些走上高层的女性,一个女强人的称号,而这并不是称呼,大多数带着贬义。

这个社会绝大多数人都认为女性如果成为女强人的话是不会幸福的,对于女性拥有很多固定的角色认知,比如说家庭主妇,比如说回归家庭,比如说在黄金的时间里一定要结婚嫁人。

这些社会的普遍认知,导致女性对自己的职业生涯安排就是兼具考虑职业和结婚的,使女性在考虑一些事情的时候,难免会有更多的顾虑。

有些人明明有当上高层的能力,却害怕自己影响到家庭。

三、高层的话语权在男性手上
不只是在私企当中的高层,甚至是在体制内的高层,在事业单位当中的高层,大多数都是男性。

是导致高层的话语权掌握在男性手上,而男性大多数都对女
性有一些固定化的印象。

比如认为女性一定要去承担生育的责任,照顾家庭的责任,并且因为这些责任一定会影响到工作。

所以大部分的男性在选择自己的接替者或者在选择下一任的领导人时,优先考虑的性别也是男性。

sherylsandberg谈为何女性领导者太少演讲稿-7页精选文档

sherylsandberg谈为何女性领导者太少演讲稿-7页精选文档

So for any of us in this room today, let's start out by admitting we're lucky. We don't live in the world our mothers lived in, our grandmothers lived in, where career choices for women were so limited. And if you're in this room today, most of us grew up in a world where we had basic civil rights. And amazingly, we still live in a world where some women don't have them. But all that aside, we still have a problem, and it's a real problem. And the problem is this: women are not making it to the top of any profession anywhere in the world. The numbers tell the story quite clearly. 190 heads of state -- nine are women. Of all the people in parliament in the world, 13 percent are women. In the corporate sector, women at the top, C-level jobs, board seats -- tops out at 15, 16 percent. The numbers have not moved since 2019 and are going in the wrong direction. And even in the non-profit world, a world we sometimes think of as being led by more women, women at the top: 20 percent.We also have another problem, which is that women face harder choices between professional success and personal fulfillment. A recent study in the U.S. showed that, of married senior managers, two-thirds of the married men had children and only one-third of the married women had children. A couple of years ago, I was in New York, and I was pitching a deal, and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices you can picture. And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting -- and two hours in, there kind of needs to be that bio break, and everyone stands up, and the partner running the meeting starts looking really embarrassed. And I realized he doesn't know where the women's room is in his office. So I start looking around for moving boxes, figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any. And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?" And he said, "No, we've been here about a year." And I said, "Are you telling me that I am the only woman to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?" And he looked at me, and he said, "Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."(Laughter)So the question is, how are we going to fix this? How do we change these numbers at the top? How do we make this different? I want to start out by saying, I talk about this -- about keeping women in the workforce -- because I really think that's the answer. In the high-income part of our workforce, in the people who end up at the top -- Fortune 500 CEO jobs, or the equivalent in other industries -- the problem, I am convinced, is that women are dropping out. Now people talk about this a lot, and they talk about things like flex time and mentoring and programs companies should have to train women. I want to talk about none of that today -- even though that's all really important. Today I want to focus on what we can do as individuals. What are the messages we need to tell ourselves? What are the messages we tell the women that work with and for us? What are the messages we tell our daughters?Now at the outset, I want to be very clear that this speech comes with no judgments. I don't have the right answer; I don't even have it for myself. I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday, and I was getting on the plane for this conference. And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool, did that whole hugging the leg, crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane," thing. This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes. I know no women, whether they're at home, or whether they're in the workforce, that don't feel that sometimes. So I'm not saying that staying in theworkforce is the right thing for everyone.My talk today is about what the messages are if you do want to stay in the workforce. And I think there are three. One, sit at the table. Two, make your partner a real partner. And three -- don't leave before you leave. Number one: sit at the table. Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook, we hosted a very senior government official, and he came in to meet with senior execs from around Silicon Valley. And everyone kind of sat at the table. And then he had these two women who were traveling with him who were pretty senior in his department. And I kind of said to them, "Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table." And they sat on the side of the room. When I was in college my senior year, I took a course called European Intellectual History. Don't you love that kind of thing from college. I wish I could do that now. And I took it with my roommate, Carrie, who was then a brilliant literary student -- and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar -- and my brother -- smart guy, but a water polo playing pre-med, who was a sophomore.The three of us take this class together. And then Carrie reads all the books in the original Greek and Latin -- goes to all the lectures -- I read all the books in English and go to most of the lectures. My brother is kind of busy; he reads one book of 12 and goes to a couple of lectures, marches himself up to our room a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored. The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down. And we sit there for three hours -- and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old. And we walk out, and we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?" And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point on the Hegelian dialectic." And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers that follow." And my brother says, "I got the top grade in the class." "You got the top grade in the class? You don't know anything."The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows: women systematically underestimate their own abilities. If you test men and women, and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPA's, men get it wrong slightly high, and women get it wrong slightly low. Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce. A study in the last two years of people entering the workforce out of college showed that 57 percent of boys entering -- or men, I guess -- are negotiating their first salary, and only seven percent of women. And most importantly, men attribute their success to themselves, and women attribute it to other external factors. If you ask men why they did a good job, they'll say, "I'm awesome. Obviously. Why are you even asking?" If you ask women why they did a good job, what they'll say is someone helped them, they got lucky, they worked really hard. Why does this matter? Boy, it matters a lot because no one gets to the corner office by sitting on the side, not at the table. And no one gets the promotion if they don't think they deserve their success, or they don't even understand their own success.I wish the answer were easy. I wish I could just go tell all the young women I work with, all these fabulous women, "Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself. Own your own success." I wish I could tell that to my daughter. But it's not that simple. Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing -- which is that success and likability are positively correlated for men and negatively correlated for women. And everyone's nodding, because we all know this to be true.There's a really good study that shows this really well. There's a famous Harvard Business School study on a woman named Heidi Roizen. And she's an operator in a company in Silicon Valley, and she uses her contacts to become a very successful venture capitalist. In 2019 -- not so long ago -- a professor who was then at Columbia University took that case and made it Howard Roizen. And he gave case out -- both of them -- to two groups of students. He changed exactly one word: Heidi to Howard. But that one word made a really big difference. He then surveyed the students. And the good news was the students, both men and women, thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent, and that's good. The bad news was that everyone liked Howard. He's a great guy, you want to work for him, you want to spend the day fishing with him. But Heidi? Not so sure. She's a little out for herself. She's a little political. You're not sure you'd want to work for her. This is the complication. We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues, we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A, to reach for the promotion, to sit at the table. And we have to do it in a world where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that, even though for their brothers, there are not.The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this. And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me, but I think important. I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago to about a hundred employees. And a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there sitting outside my little desk, and she wanted to talk to me. I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked. And she said, "I learned something today. I learned that I need to keep my hand up." I said, "What do you mean?" She said, "Well, you're giving this talk, and you said you were going to take two more questions. And I had my hand up with lots of other people, and you took two more questions. And I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women put their hand down, and then you took more questions, only from the men." And I thought to myself, wow, if it's me -- who cares about this, obviously -- giving this talk -- and during this talk, I can't even notice that the men's hands are still raised, and the women's hands are still raised, how good are we as managers of our companies and our organizations at seeing that the men are reaching for opportunities more than women? We've got to get women to sit at the table.(Applause)Message number two: make your partner a real partner. I've become convinced that we've made more progress in the workforce than we have in the home. The data shows this very clearly. If a woman and a man work full-time and have a child, the woman does twice the amount of housework the man does, and the woman does three times the amount of child care the man does. So she's got three jobs or two jobs, and he's got one. Who do you think drops out when someone needs to be home more? The causes of this are really complicated, and I don't have time to go into them. And I don't think Sunday football watching and general laziness is the cause.I think the cause is more complicated. I think, as a society, we put more pressure on our boys to succeed that we do on our girls. I know men that stay home and work in the home to support wives with careers And it's hard. When I go to the Mommy-and-Me stuff and I see the father there, I notice that the other mommies don't play with him. And that's a problem, because we have tomake it as important a job -- because it's the hardest job in the world -- to work inside the home for people of both genders if we're going to even things out and let women stay in the workforce. (Applause) Studies show that households with equal earning and equal responsibility also have half the divorce rate. And if that wasn't good enough motivation for everyone out there, they also have more -- how shall I say this on this stage? -- they know each other more in the biblical sense as well.(Cheers)Message number three: don't leave before you leave. I think there's a really deep irony to the fact that actions women are taking -- and I see this all the time -- with the objective of staying in the workforce, actually lead to their eventually leaving. Here's what happens: We're all busy; everyone's busy; a woman's busy. And she starts thinking about having a child. And from the moment she starts thinking about having a child, she starts thinking about making room for that child. "How am I going to fit this into everything else I'm doing?" And literally from that moment, she doesn't raise her hand anymore, she doesn't look for a promotion, she doesn't take on the new project, she doesn't say, "Me. I want to do that." She starts leaning back. The problem is that -- let's say she got pregnant that day, that day -- nine months of pregnancy, three months of maternity leave, six months to catch your breath -- fast-forward two years, more often -- and as I've seen it -- women start thinking about this way earlier -- when they get engaged, when they get married, when they start thinking about trying to have a child, which can take a long time. One woman came to see me about this, and I kind of looked at her -- she looked a little young. And I said, "So are you and your husband thinking about having a baby?" And she said, "Oh no, I'm not married." She didn't even have a boyfriend. I said, "You're thinking about this just way too early."But the point is that what happens once you start kind of quietly leaning back? Everyone who's been through this -- and I'm here to tell you, once you have a child at home, your job better be really good to go back, because it's hard to leave that kid at home -- your job needs to be challenging. It needs to be rewarding. You need to feel like you're making a difference. And if two years ago you didn't take a promotion and some guy next to you did, if three years ago you stopped looking for new opportunities, you're going to be bored because you should have kept your foot on the gas pedal. Don't leave before you leave. Stay in. Keep your foot on the gas pedal, until the very day you need to leave to take a break for a child -- and then make your decisions. Don't make decisions too far in advance, particularly ones you're not even conscious you're making.My generation really, sadly, is not going to change the numbers at the top. They're just not moving. We are not going to get to where 50 percent of the population -- in my generation, there will not be 50 percent of people at the top of any industry. But I'm hopeful that future generations can. I think a world that was run where half of our countries and half of our companies were run by women, would be a better world. And it's not just because people would know where the women's bathroom are, even though that would be very helpful. I think it would be a better world. I have two children. I have a five year-old son and a three year-old daughter. I want my son to have a choice to contribute fully in the workforce or at home. And I want my daughter to have the choiceto not just succeed, but to be liked for her accomplishments.对于今天在座的各位,我们首先要承认自己很幸运。

为什么女性白领都缺少一种女性领导力

为什么女性白领都缺少一种女性领导力

为什么女性白领都缺少一种女性领导力为什么具有女性领导力的人那么少?尤其在女性白领中。

这通常是女人关心的问题,男人会举出很多例子,说明女性领导力已经很多。

确实,这两年全球又增加了十位女性国家领导人。

经济危机激发了更多女性创业,女性在商界的业绩稳步上升;然而,当媒体为此贴上“她时代”、“她世界”的标签时,也会误导大众,似乎我们生活在一个女性领导的世界里。

事实上,女性才刚刚迈入领导层的门槛。

在中国,虽然男女平等政策已经实行了一个甲子,女性获得了教育、参政等所有的公民权利,但目前担任党和国家领导职务的女性只有9位,省(部)级以上女干部只占同级干部总数的9.9%;女性企业家和女性总裁约是20%;大学、各大科研院所也鲜有女性领导的身影。

我们的社会需要更多的女性领导力,这并不是女性要压倒男性,不是女性要争权夺利。

再说,权力不是坏的东西。

权力意味着责任、付出和创造更大的价值。

从战略发展的角度来看,让更多女性参与领导层,不仅仅是阴阳平衡、男女搭配干活不累等心理层面的策略,而且是让女性有机会贡献其智慧与力量,共同推动社会的发展。

我们主要探讨的是:领导力男女有别?女人有特别的优势吗?对此,很多成功的女性会明确做出否定的回答。

玖龙纸业的张茵说得很直接:“没有人会因为你是女人,而对你特别照顾”。

格力集团的董明珠说:“有人认为女性容易博得别人的同情或支持,亲和、柔和是一种女性领导力。

我不这样认为。

管理就是铁的、刚性的,制度是不可随意改变的”。

在一次论坛中,当当网的俞渝、安捷伦的牟一萍和甫瀚咨询的王海瑛等女性都认为,领导力没有性别之分。

这些回答的关键点是,女性不能光凭性别就能得到机会。

如果女性依然把自己定位为依赖、软弱的个体,希望男性给予同情、支持和额外的照顾,那是白日梦;如果女性固守在男强女弱的想象中,想依靠外在的魅力致胜,晋升的美梦必然落空。

王道海资深企业运营、项目管理、流程管理专家、信产部认证培训讲师。

荣誉:信产部信息化管理师资质认证讲师、CPMP国家项目管理认证讲师。

为什么女强人比男强人少?

为什么女强人比男强人少?

为什么女强人比男强人少?
观察职场上的高管男女比例,女性远远少于男性。

直观的感觉是,女性相对男性更趋向于保守和封闭,对于很多机会,她们更趋向于退缩和回避,一方面可能是传统的社会意识要求女性需要更关注和照顾家庭,另一方面,女性对于未知的外界世界,似乎更缺乏挑战和探索的勇气和胆量,这个原因一部分也是第一个原因的结果,还有部分原因,可能也源于女性对自己的不自信,不相信自己的智商和能力是可以和男性并驾齐驱的。

这个让我想起原始社会的男人负责打猎,女人负责在家做饭照顾小孩喂养牲畜的模式。

当然,无论男女,只要处于封闭状态,基本上都会错失很多机会,所以,保持开放的态度很重要。

封闭的态度通常的表现一是自我防御很强,总害怕别人会对自己不利,伤害自己,从而拒绝去了解和学习;一个是高高在上,颐指气使,总希望别人讨好自己,或者看不起似乎比自己"低"的人。

其实大家人格都是平等的,只不过工作性质和内容不一样,很多时候都是共赢互利的,只有看到这一点,才是真正的开放,也能抓住更多的机会获得成功。

不过所谓物以类聚人以群分,我们总会遇到意气相投的同类,这个时候,好好珍惜和享受即可;也会遇到话不投机的异类,这个时候,也没必要一定要强迫自己和异类融合,尊重,然后保持距离就行。

保持情绪的稳定以及适当的抽离有利于高效工作。

职位越高女性占比越少

职位越高女性占比越少

职位越高女性占比越少职位越高女性占比越少据报道,女性在职场中的竞争力如何?在长江商学院昨天主办的“2017女性领导力论坛”上,记者了解到,在一些企业尤其是高科技企业中,女性的优势和能力并没有得到充分发挥,企业的管理层级越高,女性的占比就越少。

女性领导力远低于男性从字面上理解,领导力的直接体现就是职位的高低。

有机构发布的报告显示,全球企业中,女性高管的平均占比只有15%左右,领导力远远低于男性。

除此之外,IBM大中华区副总裁周忆还表示,女性的领导力还呈现出明显的倒金字塔结构。

周忆:我们男性女性的比例是50%对50%,在大中华区我们有三万人,其实这个比例已经非常正常了。

到经理级,大概35%是女性经理。

到了高管,也就是我们副总裁以上的,可能只有10%是女性。

到了执委会,经常开会的时候就我一名女士坐在那,我觉得我压力好大。

因为我代表将近15000名女性员工,要在这个执委会上发表意见。

”领导力低不代表能力低需要指出的是,领导力低绝不代表能力低。

智联招聘CEO郭盛说,在职场中,女性在某些方面、某些领域更有优势。

郭盛:“其实现在中国在做一个非常大的产业转型,大家可能经常听说AI,在这个领域里女性是具有非常大优势的。

现在国际学术上华人在AI领域研究最厉害的是李飞飞教授,她是斯坦福大学教授,是一位女性。

在AI方面,我们看到很多女性做得非常领先。

同时在情商上,女性也比男性强。

”女性在职场更追求稳定性为什么女性的这些能力和优势,不能使她们获得足够的领导力?郭盛认为,这跟女性自身的从业心理有关。

郭盛:“我们也做过一个调研,我们发现有一个很有意思的现象。

当我们去看女性跳槽和男性跳槽,我们发现男性跳槽会容易很多。

当他觉得这两个工作大概60%-70%左右差不多匹配,他就愿意跳槽,女性要高很多,所以在这个过程中,实际上女性丧失了很多机会。

”也就是说,女性在职场中相对保守,更追求一种稳定性,但是这种保守往往导致她们丧失很多机会。

女性为何难以成为领导者

女性为何难以成为领导者

女性难以成为领导者的原因分析我认为女性难以成为领导者,主要有客观和主观两个大方面。

客观因素有三个方面:第一个方面,传统观念的影响。

当今社会偏见仍然存在,社会压力较大。

尽管当代的女性领导比例不断提高,但是人们对女性领导的根深蒂固的偏见仍然没有消除,人们对女性领导的领导行为及领导能力持怀疑态度,在现实生活中,人们对于具有开拓精神、领袖素质高的男性更宽容更赞许更鼓励,社会倾向于为他们提供更多的机会和资源,而对于具有远见卓识和敢冒风险女性,则往往求全责备难以包容,倾向于用传统“女人”的标准来看待她们、要求她们。

而作为女领导人女领袖,则与传统的贤淑女性形象相差甚远,不仅一些男性有抵触,就连女性自己也在不知不觉中退让三分。

第二个方面,就是缺乏女领导干部成长和提高的健全的组织保障体系。

一些单位的领导者对于女领导干部的,在社会生活中的地位、作用认识不清,对女性领导者的潜力、特征也认识不清,所以,她们在落实党中央关于培养选拔女干部的种种政策、种种规定熵是不自觉的,执行起来的时候,往往把这些政策、这些规定,变成一种福利,变成对女干部的一种照顾,比如说,有一位组织部长就说,在我们这个单位,女干部始终是受到照顾的,将来我们还要对她们进行照顾。

在这种思想的指导下,培养、选拔女干部,有的时候成为一种填补性的措施,因为上边、上级,我们党要求选女的,所以我们这个班子里必须要有个女的,非常勉强、非常不自觉,这样一种认识、这样一种工作的态度,必然使得他们在选拔和培养女干部的措施上缺少保障,这是影响女干部成长的第二个方面的因素。

第三个方面,就是沉重的社会和家庭负担。

我国的社会生产力水平还很低,社会服务化程度还比较差,大多数女性领导者还难以摆脱家庭的沉重负担,沉重的工作和家庭的压力,使得女领导干部的成长,需要付出无限的精力,需要具有无私的精神,这种超负荷的、心理上的负担、工作上的负担和家庭上的负担,必然影响女领导者的成长和提高。

以上三个方面,是不利于女性成为领导的主要的客观因素。

领导力的性别差异与影响

领导力的性别差异与影响

领导力的性别差异与影响在当今社会,关于性别平等的讨论越来越受到重视。

在职场中,性别差异在领导力方面也产生了影响。

本文将探讨领导力的性别差异以及其对组织和个体的影响。

一、领导力的定义与性别差异领导力是指一个人在组织中影响、指导和激励他人以达到共同目标的能力。

传统上,领导职位往往被男性占据,女性的领导者相对较少。

研究表明,不同性别的领导者可能会在领导风格、决策方式、处理冲突等方面存在差异。

1.1 领导风格的差异研究发现,女性领导者更倾向于采取民主型的领导风格,更注重员工参与和合作。

她们与团队成员之间建立更加亲密的关系,强调谦逊和共情。

而男性领导者则更倾向于采取权威型的领导风格,更注重任务完成和目标达成。

他们更加强调权威和竞争。

1.2 决策方式的差异在决策方面,女性领导者更偏向于通过接纳多元观点和寻求共识来进行决策。

她们更注重团队成员的反馈和意见,并倾向于采取更为谨慎的决策方式。

而男性领导者则更倾向于采取快速决策和更为直接的方式,注重个人独立性和自信。

1.3 处理冲突的差异在处理冲突方面,女性领导者倾向于采取妥协和协商的方式,注重关系的维护。

她们更加注重沟通和合作,致力于达成双赢的解决方案。

而男性领导者则更倾向于采取竞争和强硬的方式,强调目标的达成和问题的解决。

二、性别差异对组织的影响性别差异对组织的领导力产生了一定的影响,这对组织的发展和绩效具有重要意义。

2.1 多元化与创新研究发现,在领导团队中引入性别多元化可能会增加创新能力。

不同性别的领导者带来了不同的视角和思维方式,可以促进团队的创造力和创新性。

通过充分发挥女性领导者的优势,组织可以更好地应对变革和竞争。

2.2 个体认同感在性别平等的组织环境中,女性领导者的存在可以提高女性员工的认同感。

她们成为榜样,激励着其他女性员工提高工作动力和职业发展。

同时,性别多元化也为员工提供了更多的发展机会,激发其潜力。

三、性别差异对个体的影响性别差异不仅对组织产生影响,也对个体产生一定的影响。

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为何女性领导者太少关于这场演讲Facebook首席运营官Sheryl Sandberg看到为何达到职业巅峰的女性所占的比例比男性少很多,并为期望达到领导层的女性提供了三条行之有效的建议。

关于Sheryl Sandberg作为Facebook的在任首席运营官,Sheryl Sandberg负责为这个全球最大的社交网站创造财富,同时让用户愉快的参与其中。

为何要听她演讲:在Sheryl Sandberg于2008年离开Google,作为首席运营官加入Facebook之前,她是粉丝之一。

如今她掌管着Facebook的销售、市场、商业发展、人力资源、公共政策以及通讯。

这是个繁杂的工作,却很适合Sandberg,她不仅成功建立和管理Google在线销售和运营计划,还是世界银行的经济学家以及美国财政部的高级官员。

Sandberg与Facebook创始人Mark Zuckerberg致力于帮助Facebook用户控制隐私,和设法利用其最有价值的资产—数据来创造财富,并在之间取得一个平衡点。

她在国际经济学这个复杂、对社会敏感的领域中获得的经验显得很有帮助。

“不管称其为‘扩大公司规模’或是‘实现飞速发展’,Sandberg都是少数出众的管理者之一,知道如何能将计划实现。

很明显,她正是Zuckerberg需要的人。

”—出自《Vogue》杂志,2010年5月Sheryl Sandberg的英语网上资料主页: f /sheryl为何女性领导者太少对于今天在座的各位,我们首先要承认自己很幸运。

我们没有生在我们母亲或是祖母那个时代,当时女性的职业选择非常有限。

而你们今天能坐在这里,说明我们大多数人都拥有基本的公民权利。

令人惊讶的是,现今世界仍有一些女性得不到这些权利。

但撇开这些不谈,我们还面临一个问题,是个真正的问题。

问题如下:女性无法做到任何职业的高层,世界各地都如此。

数据清楚的说明了一切,190位国家元首,只有9位女性;世界各国的议会成员,女性只占13%。

在企业部门,女性作为领导者,如部门主管、公司董事,至多只有15%、16%。

这一数字自2002年来没有变动,并有下降的趋势。

即便是在非盈利领域,有时我们认为这一领域会有更多的女性领导者,女性领导者的比例:20%。

我们还面临另一个问题,就是女性在职业和家庭之间面临更艰难的选择。

美国近期研究表明,已婚的高层管理人员之中,2/3的已婚男性有孩子,而只有1/3的已婚女性有孩子。

几年前,我在纽约谈一笔生意。

我坐在纽约这间华丽的私募资金公司办公室中,你们想象得到。

在会议中,一个长达3小时的会议,2小时过后,因为人的生理需求,需要休息一会儿。

所有人都站起来,会议的举办者看上去有些尴尬。

我意识到,他不知道办公室的女厕所在哪里。

于是我开始找搬运箱在哪,以确定他们刚搬进来。

但没找到,于是我问,“你们是不是刚搬进这间办公室?”他回答,“不,我们搬进来有一年了。

”我说,“你是告诉我,我是一年以来到这里谈生意的唯一女性?”他看着我说,“对,或者说你是唯一要去厕所的女性。

”(笑声)因此问题在于,我们该如何解决这问题?我们怎样改变女性领导者的数目?我们怎样让它有所改观?我想说的是,我谈到把女性留在职场中,因为我认为这就是解决办法。

对于高收入的人群,或是最终做到高层的人—财富500强的CEO,或者其他行业的佼佼者。

问题在于,我相信,是女性退出了。

现在人们对这些谈论很多,他们谈论的多是弹性工时和师徒制度,以及公司对女性的培训程序。

这些都不是我要讲的,虽然这也很重要。

今天,我想把重点放在作为个体,我们能做什么?我们要告诉自己什么?我们要告诉女同事和女下属什么?我们要告诉女儿什么?首先,我想要说明,这场演讲没有任何定论。

我没有正确答案,连我自己都没有。

周一我离开旧金山,我的居所。

我要赶飞机来参加此次会议。

我女儿,三岁。

当我把她送到托儿所,她抱着我的腿,哭着说,“妈妈,不要上飞机”之类的话。

这很难,有时候我感觉内疚。

我知道没有哪个女性,不论是在家里还是在职场,没有过这种感受。

因此我没有说留在职场中对所有人都是正确的。

我今天要说的是,如果你想要留在职场中,你要告诉自己什么。

我认为有三点:一,加入谈论;二,找个真正的人生伴侣;三,不要过早离开。

第一,加入谈论。

就在几星期前,在Facebook,我们邀了一个高层政府官员,他在来自硅谷的高级主管们的陪同下入场,所有人都加入谈论。

与他一同到来的有两名女性,在其部门中也是高层。

我对她们说,“坐到桌旁,来,加入谈论”。

她们却坐到了会议室一角。

当我在大学最后一年,我上了一门课,《欧洲思想史》。

你们不都喜欢这类大学课程吗?我希望现在我会喜欢。

我跟室友Carrie一起上课,她当时是个有才华的文学学生,现在是个有才华的文学学者。

我弟弟,很聪明,是个爱打水球的医科学生,上二年级。

我们三个一起上课,Carrie读了所有的希腊语和拉丁语的原版书,每节课都到。

我读了所有英文书,大部分课都到。

我弟弟比较忙,12本书中只读了一本,只去上了几节课。

在临考几天前,跑到我们宿舍临时抱佛脚。

我们三个一起去考试。

我们坐下来,坐了大约三个钟头,还有蓝色的小笔记本,就是那个年代。

我们走出考场,彼此对视并问到,“你考的怎么样?”Carrie说,“天呐!我觉得自己在黑格尔辩证法上,没有答出要点。

”我说,“天呐!我希望自己能把洛克的财产理论和下面的哲学家联系起来。

”而我弟弟说,“我会拿全班最高分。

”“你拿全班最高分?可你什么都不懂!”这件事情与前面的数据显示了同一问题,女性天生容易低估自己的能力。

如果做一个实验,让男性和女性回答一些很客观的问题,如GPA,男性会估计的偏高,而女性会估计的偏低。

女性在职场中不为自己争取。

过去两年的一项针对毕业生进入职场的研究,表明有57%的男生,或者说,男人,为自己的第一份工资协商,而只有7%的女性这么做。

最重要的是,男性将成功归功于自己,而女性将成功归功于其他的外部因素。

如果问男性,为什么你做的这么好?他们会说,“因为我很强。

显而易见,为什么还要问呢?”如果问女性,你为什么做的这么好?她们会说,因为他人的帮助,因为她们幸运,因为她们努力。

这有什么关系呢?这关系很大。

因为坐在角落而不是桌边的人,不会得到好的办公室。

不认为自己应得的人,或者不懂得自己的成功的人,也不会得到升迁。

我希望答案能很简单,我希望我能去告诉所有共事的年轻女性,这些优秀的女性,“相信自己,为自己争取,享受应得的成功。

”我希望可以把这告诉我女儿。

但不是这么简单,因为数据显示了最重要的一点,就是成功与受人接受的程度,在男性身上成正比关系,而对女性却成反比。

大家都点头了,因为我们都知道这是事实。

一个不错的研究也很好的显示了这一点。

有个著名的哈佛商学院研究,关于一位女性,名为Heidi Roizen。

她是硅谷的一家公司的经营者,她通过自己的社会关系,成为了一位成功的风险资本家。

在2002年,距今不算太久,一位教授,当时任教于哥伦比亚大学,使用了Heidi Roizen作为案例。

然后他把这个案例印成两个版本,分给两组学生。

他仅改动了一个字,把Heidi改为Howard,但这一改动造成很大的区别。

他对学生进行调查,好消息是所有学生,不论男女,认为Heidi和Howard都很有能力,这一点不错。

但坏消息是,人们都喜欢Howard。

他这人不错,你想为他工作,你愿意陪他钓一天鱼。

至于Heidi?就不那么确定了。

她有点自利,有点自私,你不确定是否想要为她工作。

这就是难题所在。

我们要告诉女儿和同事们,我们要告诉自己,相信自己做的很好,去争取升职,去加入谈论。

而我们不得不为此做出一些牺牲,而我们的兄弟就不必。

最悲哀的一点是,我们很难记住这一点。

我要讲一件令我十分尴尬的事情,但我觉得这很重要。

不久前我在Facebook对约一百名员工做过这场演讲。

几小时后,一位在那工作的年轻女性,坐在我的小桌子之外,她想要跟我谈谈。

我说,好。

她坐下来,我们开始交谈。

她说,“我今天知道了一点,我知道了我必须一直举着手。

”我说,“这是什么意思呢?”她说,“你做这场演讲,你说你要再回答两个问题,我和其他人一样举起手。

你准备再回答了两个问题,我放下手。

我注意到其他女性也都把手放了下来。

于是你又回答了两个问题,只回答男性的问题。

”我心里想,哇,如果就算我,显然我是关注这个问题的,在做这场演讲。

在这场演讲中,我都注意不到,男性举手了,女性也举手了。

那我们作为公司和组织的管理者,给予男性机会多于女性的做法,能有多少改观呢?我们该让女性加入谈论。

第二点,找个真正的人生伴侣。

我相信我们在职场中取得的进步,比在家庭中要多。

数据清晰的说明了这点。

如果妻子和丈夫都有全职工作,有一个孩子,妻子做的家务活是丈夫的两倍,而妻子照顾孩子的时间是丈夫的三倍。

所以说女性有三份工作,或者两份,男性只有一份。

你认为当需要有人照顾家里的时候,谁更容易放弃工作?这点的原因很复杂,我没有时间深入去讲。

而且我不认为周日看足球赛,或者普遍的惰性就是原因。

我认为原因更为复杂。

我认为当今社会,相对于女孩,我们给男孩更多的压力要成功。

我认识居家男人,在家工作来支持妻子的事业,这很难。

当我去做亲子游戏,看到那个父亲在那里,我发现其他的母亲都不跟他玩。

这就是问题,因为我们必须让这份工作,因为这是世上最难的工作,居家工作,对两性来说都很重要。

如果我们想要平等,想把女性留在工作中。

研究显示收入均等的家庭,同时责任也均等,离婚率也是其他的一半。

如果这一点不足以激励在座的各位,他们也更能...要怎么在讲台上说呢?也更能享受鱼水之欢。

第三点,不要过早离开。

我想这是个深刻的讽刺,针对女性的一系列行为。

我经常看到,客观上留在职场中,实际上最终导致离职。

下面是事情的经过。

我们都很忙,所有人都很忙,女性也很忙。

她开始考虑要个孩子。

当她开始这么考虑以后,她就会考虑给孩子留出空间。

“我该怎么将这与其他事情平衡呢?”确切说就是那一刻起,她不再举手了,不再寻求升职机遇,不再接受新的项目,不再说“我,我来做这个”。

她开始退缩了。

问题在于,就说她怀孕的那一天,那一天起。

9个月的妊娠期,3个月的产假,6个月的紧张生活,2年瞬间即逝。

更经常的,在我看来,女性大多过早的考虑这个。

当她们订婚,当她们结婚,当她们开始考虑要个孩子,其实还有很长时间。

一位女性来找我谈这个。

我看了看她,她看上去比较年轻。

我说,“那么,你跟你丈夫开始考虑要个孩子了吗?”她说,“不,我还没结婚。

”她甚至连男朋友都没有。

我说,“你考虑这个有点为时过早。

”但问题是,当你默默退缩之后,发生了什么?每个人都有这种经历。

我来告诉你,当你有了孩子,你的工作最好退让一下,因为把孩子扔在家里很难。

你的工作要有挑战性,要有报酬,你要觉得自己在发光发热。

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