初中英语功能意念项目表(2020年九月整理).doc
功能意念表
功能意念表1. 友好往来（1）问候Hello/Hi.Good morning/afternoon/evening, etc.（2）告辞I'm afraid I must be going now.I think it's time for us to leave now. I've really got to go now.It's time I went home.（3）告别Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye. Good night.See you tomorrow.（4）介绍This is Tom (and this is Amy).I'd like you to meet Mary.May I introduce (you to) Mr./Mrs./ Miss/Ms. Smith? ②How do you do?Glad to meet you.Nice meeting you, Fred. ③（5）感谢和应答Thank you (very much).(Many ) thanks.I'm really grateful to you for your help. ③Not at all.You're welcome.Don't mention it.That's all right.（6）祝愿和祝贺Good luck!Best wishes for your holiday.Have a good time.Please give my best wishes to Linda. Please remember me to your family. ③Congratulations (on your success). ②（7) 道歉和应答Sorry.Excuse me. Never mind.It doesn't matter. That's nothing.（8）邀请和应答Come in and have a cup of tea.What about having a drink?Would you like some ice cream?Thank you (very much).Yes, I'd love to.That's very kind of you, (but I'm on a diet). ③（9）提议、接受和谢绝Can I help you?Is there anything I can do for you?Shall I carry the box for you?Yes, please.No, thank you (just the same).That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.③（10）开始和结束谈话③Nice day, isn't it?What a lovely day today!2. 交流补救（1）请求重复和解释Uh, excuse me, could you repeat it?Could you say that again?（2）定义③Linguistics may be defined as the science of language.（3）确认理解③Got it?Do you see what I mean? （4）犹豫③Let me see.How can I put it?（5）更正③What I meant was that we should go on with the work.（6）补充③In addition, I think we should take the cost into account.（7）插话③Excuse me. Did you say that the party had to be put off?3．态度（1）意愿I'm willing/ready to take the job.I will buy a new pair of glasses.（2）希望I wish to see you again.I hope you will get better soon.I wish I were younger. ③（3）意向I'm planning to move somewhere downtown.I feel like taking a hot bath now.（4）责任Do I have to finish it today?Should I look after the baby this evening?Is it necessary for me to clean the room? ③I'm afraid you must/will have to stay home. ③（5）能力I can manage the job without help.I'm capable of running a mile in four minutes. ③（6）允许I wonder if I could possibly use your bicycle? Sure, go ahead.I'd rather you didn't. ③（7）同意和不同意That's a good point.I'm afraid you're not quite right.（8）喜欢和不喜欢I like English poems very much. She loves doing shopping alone.He doesn't like wearing his hair long.I don't care much for hot food. ②（9）偏爱②I prefer tea to coffee.I'd rather go by train than by plane. （10）原谅It's not your fault.Please don't blame yourself. ③（11）后悔②I should have finished my essay earlier. （12）慰问和同情I'm so sorry.Please accept my deep sympathy. ②（13）兴趣That's quite tempting. ②I'm curious about that. ③（14）决心She's determined to go to Australia. ②I insist everybody be here at six sharp. ③Nothing will prevent me from accomplishing the task. ③（15）责怪和批评You are late again. ②Why didn't you tell me the truth? ②You shouldn't have done that. ③（16）抱怨I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here. ②（17）否定③I don't think you are right.（18）让步③Even so/But it's still a fact.（19）怀疑③I doubt if we can finish it on time.I suspect the truth of her statement.（20）犹豫③Well, let me see.（21）坚持③But you know that she's innocent.（22）忍受③Well, we just have to accept that sort of thing. （23）冷淡③I don't care what you do.It doesn't matter to me.4. 可能程度（1）肯定和不肯定I'm not quite sure whether it will rain today.I doubt if he knows the truth. ②to be sure/certain of ③（2）可能和不可能It is possible that he is out.It is unlikely that he should be at home. ②（3）预测It will be fine tomorrow.（4）猜测和相信I guess that he has got it.He must have read it before. We all believe that you are right.（5）看似、好象③He seems to be ignorant about it.5. 情感（1）惊奇What a surprise!I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.（2）满意和高兴It is well done.I'm pleased to know that. How wonderful!（3）愤怒或恼怒Isn't it annoying/irritating!What a stupid idiot! ②（4）悲伤Oh, no! How could this happen to me?I can't take much more of this.（5）愿望I wish I were young again.（6）悔恨和失望Oh, what a pity /shame!That's too bad.（7）需求I need your help.I want you to read this report.（8）焦虑I'm so anxious about my job. ③She is rather worried about his health.（9）加重感情色彩What a wonderful day! ②Thank you ever so much. ②It is far, far too expensive. ③（10）担心和挂念③I'm so worried about you.She is anxious to know the result.（11）害怕③Don't be afraid.I was frightened to death when a tall man ran towards me.（12）期望③I'm expecting a call.（13）赞赏③What a marvelous play!I like your haircut.6. 告戒（1）提醒Make sure you'll be there on time.Don't forget about your study.（2）请求Will you do me a favor?Would you mind helping me with the desk? ③（3）建议You'd better take an umbrella. I'd rather you did it again. ②Why don't you have a try? Let's take a short break. Shall we start now?（4）推荐I recommend this book.（5）指导The first thing you have to do is open the cover, and then don't forget to press the button 'ON'.（6）警告Be careful!Take care!If you don't do it properly, I'll make you do it again.（7）劝说Don't you think it would be better to leave right now? （8）命令Be quiet.Don't shout in the corridor.（9）禁止You can't smoke here.You are not allowed to smoke here.（10）许诺③I will pay you back next time.I give you my word that the goods will arrive on time.7. 时间（1）时刻She gets up at 7:00 every morning.The school will begin in September.（2）时段The concert lasted two hours.His father will stay in Paris for five years.（3）频度He should take the medicine twice a day.She usually wrote home every other week. ②（4）时序The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side.（5）速度The students can read English at the speed of 200 words per minute. ③（6）同时Strike while the iron is hot. ③（7）持续The professor has been teaching at the university for over thirty years. ③8. 存在（1）存在和不存在Air exists nearly everywhere.There is not a soul in the room. ②（2）有和没有The people in this country enjoy free medical care.The factory ran out of raw material. ②9. 空间描述（1）位置He sits at the back of the room.The lab lies in the center of the university. ②（2）方向The post office is two blocks straight ahead.Turn left at the corner and go straightforward. （3）动向The train is leaving for Beijing.towards; from（4）距离The school is within walking distance.（5）体积③The two rooms are of the same size.The swimming pool is 25 meters in width, 50 meters in length and 2 meters in depth.10. 数量（1）数There are twenty students in the class.（2）量She has collected a great number of foreign stamps.There was a great amount of rain last month.（3）足量和不足量③They have ample food and clothing.The pot plant died from want of water.（4）过量The shirt is too large for Tom to wear.11．质（1）形状It is a U-shaped road.（2）颜色The leaves turn yellow in autumn.（3）材料The box is made of wood.（4）感觉③The blind man has to feel his way forward.He has no sense of music.（5）质地③The silk feels very smooth.（6）价值③ A peasant woman found a priceless stone in her land. （7）自然状况③I don't feel well, just because of the jet-lag.12. 方法和手段The sheets are usually folded in this way. ②He decided to treat the patient surgically. ③The dumb can make themselves understood by means of gestures. ③13. 功用The knife is used to cut things.The computer performs an important function in modern society. 14. 立论（1）例证The language skills, for example, speaking and writing, need to be practised.This relationship can be exemplified by the following graph. namely; as follows（2）概括Generally speaking, job chances are much better for manual workers than for office workers.（3）推论It is argued that books will no longer be necessary after each family owns a computer.（4）结论To sum up, it is no easy job to learn a foreign language. all in all; in conclusion; to conclude by saying…（5）阐明It means you mustn't overtake.15. 计算和测量③（1）基础运算If you multiply 3 by 4, you get 12.（2）倍数和百分比In this school, men constitute only 40% of the teaching staff.This book is twice as thick as that one.（3）增加和减少The export increased in volume by 10 percent over last year.There is a sharp drop of birth rate in this area.（4）基础测量（长、宽等）The table is four feet in length.The garden measures forty feet across.（5）近似值about; approximately（6）平均值On the average, the author writes two books a year.to have an average of（7）比率和比例16 to 8 is in ratio of 6 to 3.The proportion of A to B is X to Y.（8）最大值和最小值The train has the maximum speed of 250 miles per hour.The minimum number of students in each room will be five.（9）估计The estimated quantity of rice per acre is 5 tons. It is estimated that the work will take three months.16．结构③（1）部分和整体The committee comprises nine professors.Our class consists of 40 students.（2）部分之间的联系The staircase leads to the balcony. 17．关系③（1）行为中和事物中的联系They showed sympathy to the child.These facts are known by all the schoolteachers.（2）对比关系on the one hand…on the other hand…; in spite of; on the contrary（3）比较关系He speaks English as well as she does.He is the slower of the two children.That is the most wonderful play I have ever seen. （4）所属关系her promotion; a woman's college（5）逻辑关系As it was raining hard, we didn't go out yesterday. Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead.Though it was already midnight, he went on working. He failed the exam as a result of bad preparation.（6）分类English can be further divided into several sub-varieties.附录二语法项目表1、词类（1）名词（2）形容词（3）副词（4）动词（5）代词（6）冠词（7）数词（8）介词（9）连词(10) 惊叹词2、名词（1）可数和不可数名词（2）名词的复数形式（3）专有名词（4）所有格3、代词（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词（7）关系代词4、数词（1）基数词（2）序数词（3）分数③（4）小数③（5）百分比③5、介词6、连词7、形容词（1）形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语（2）比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级8、副词（1）功能：表示时间、地点、方式、程度、关系等（2）比较等级：原级/比较级/最高级9、冠词10、动词（1）基本形式A．现在时B．过去时C．过去分词D．-ing形式（2）行为动词的及物性和不及物性（3）系动词：be, get, look, seem, turn, grow, become等（4）助动词：be, do, have, shall, will等（5）情态动词：can, may, must, ought to, need, dare等（6）时态A．一般现在时B．一般过去时C．一般将来时D．现在进行时E．现在完成时F．过去进行时②G．将来进行时H．将来完成时②I．一般过去将来时③J．现在完成进行时③K．过去完成进行时③L．过去完成时②（7）被动语态A．被动语态的不同时态·一般现在时·一般过去时·一般将来时②·现在进行时②·现在完成时②·过去进行时②·过去完成时②·将来完成时③·一般过去将来时③·过去将来完成时③B．带情态动词的被动语态（8）动词的非谓语形式A．不定式·作主语·作宾语·作宾语补足语·作状语·作定语②·作表语②·在复合结构中③·完成式、进行式和完成进行式③·被动形式③B．动词的-ed 形式②·作定语·作表语·作宾语补足语·作状语C．动词的-ing形式②·作主语·作宾语·作宾语补足语·作表语·作定语·作状语·在复合结构中③·完成形式和被动形式③（9）虚拟语气③11、句子（1）句子的成分（2）句子的种类（3）简单句的基本句型（4）并列句（5）复合句·名词性从句②（宾语从句1）·状语从句·定语从句②（6）倒装句②（7）省略句②（8）强调句③（9）插入语③12、标点符号13、构词法（1）转化（2）合成（3）派生A．常用前缀·表示“否定”：non-, un-, in-, dis-, im-③·表示“再次”re-·表示“互相”：inter-③·表示“中间”：mid-③·表示“错误地”：mis-③·表示“上，过度”：over-③·表示“下，低于”：under-③·表示“小”：mini-③·表示“多”：multi-③B．常用后缀·名词后缀：-er, -tion, -ese, -ist, -ing, -ment, -ness, -ian②, -or③, -ion③,-ation③, -ence③, -hood③, -ity③·动词后缀：-ify, -ize, -ise, -en·形容词后缀：-able, -ful, -y, -ive②, -al②, -an②, -ible③,-ic③, -ical③, -less③, -ous③·副词后缀：-ly·数词后缀：-teen, -ty, -th附录三语言技能表1、听力(1) 理解主旨要义；(2) 获取事实性的具体信息；(3) 理解明确表达的概念性含义；③(4) 进行有关的判断、推理和引申；③(5) 理解说话者的意图、观点或态度。
2020年九年级中考英语考前【功能项目题】专练卷附答案
2020年九年级中考英语考前【功能项目题】专练卷《英语新课程标准》要求学会使用的功能意念项目包括：问候、介绍、告别、致谢、道歉、邀请、请求允许、祝愿和祝贺、请求与提供帮助、约会、打电话、就餐、就医、购物、问路、谈论天气、语言交际困难、劝告、建议、同意和不同意、喜好和厌恶、禁止和警告等。
各地、市英语中考试题主要以单项选择和补全对话的形式对功能意念项目进行考查。
单项选择【经典习题】( ) 1.— Thanks for taking my friends and me out tonight.—.A. Don’t worryB. You are welcomeC. That’s a good ideaD. I’m afraid not( ) 2. — Tomorrow will be fine. Shall we go out for a picnic?—.A. Good luckB. Have funC. Sounds greatD. Take it easy( ) 3. —Don’t be nervous whenever you have a test．—.A. You’d better notB. Please don’tC. Yes, I’d love toD. Well, I won’t( ) 4. —Hello, who’s that speaking?—.A. That is JaneB. This is Mary speakingC. I’m MikeD. She is Maria( ) 5. —, please. Could you tell me which bus I can take to get to the railway station?— Take No.15 bus and then No.1 bus.A. Excuse meB. YesC. SureD. Hello( ) 6. — What a beautiful dress you are wearing today!—. It’s nice of you to say so.A Not at all B. Thanks C. Oh, no D. Never mind( ) 7. — Would you mind turning down the music?—.A. Not at allB. Never mindC. Yes, I willD. Yes, go ahead( ) 8. —?—I have got a stomachache and I don’t feel like eating anything.A. How are youB. How do you like itC. What are youD. What’s the matt er with you( ) 9. — I feel really tired.—A. Good luck to you!B. You’d better work harder.C. Congratulations!D. Why not go and have a rest?( )10. — So kind of you to give me a ride to the station.—A. It doesn’t matterB. Never mindC. My pleasureD. Don’t think like that【解题思路】熟练掌握教材中出现的常用交际用语是解题的前提，此外，要了解中西方文化传统和思维习惯的差异，并结合题干中的情景选择使用得体的语言。
九年级英语冲刺班语法—01—专项—功能意念
(m 语法精讲：功能意念重难点1.Apology 道歉当我们需要表达歉意时，我们说I,m sorry;如果表示“我真的很抱歉”，我们可以在sorry前用really 或terribly 修饰。
作为应答，我们应该用That,s all right. /Never mind. /It doesn,t matter. /Don,t worry.等表示“没关系”。
--I,ve broken your glass. I,m sorry about that.--Thafs all right.2.Congratulations 祝贺我们总是用Congratulations!来表示恭喜别人，应答总是用Thanks.或Thank you.当别人告诉我们诸如获胜的好消息时，我们可以用Well done. / You deserve to win. / Thafs wonderful news.等来表示祝贺。
1)-- You won 2 million dollars. Congratulations!--Thank you.2)-- I won the first prize.--You deserved to win.3.Gratitude 道谢向别人道谢可以说Thanks./ Thank you.要表达非常感谢，可以说Thank you very much. / Thank you very much indeed. /Thanks a lot.表示“不用谢"的应答句有：You are welcome. /Ifs a pleasure. / My pleasure. /Not at all.等--Thank you very much.--It's my pleasure.4.Impression 印象我们可以用What do you think of...?或How do you like...?来询问对方对某事或某人的印象和看法。
新课标功能意念与话题项目表
《普通高中英语课程标准》功能意念项目表1.社会交往〔Social Communications〕〔1〕问候〔Greetings〕〔2〕介绍〔Introduction〕〔3〕告别〔Farewells〕〔4〕感谢〔Thanks〕〔5〕道歉〔Apologies〕〔6〕邀请〔Invitation〕〔7〕请求允许〔Asking for permission〕〔8〕祝愿和祝贺〔Expressing wishes and congratulation s〕〔9〕提供帮助〔Offering help〕〔10〕接受或拒绝〔acceptance and refusal〕〔11〕约会〔Making appointments〕〔12〕打〔Making telephone calls〕<13〕就餐〔Having meals〕〔14〕就医〔Seeing the doctor〕〔15〕购物〔Shopping〕〔16〕问路〔Asking the way〕〔17〕谈论天气〔Talking about weather〕〔18〕语言交际困难〔Language difficulties incommunication〕〔19〕提醒注意〔Reminding〕〔20〕警告和禁止〔Warning and prohibition〕〔21〕劝告〔Advice〕〔22〕建议〔Suggestions〕2．态度〔Attitudes〕〔23〕同意和不同意〔Agreement and disagreement〕〔24〕喜欢和不喜欢〔likes and dislikes〕〔25〕肯定和不肯定〔Certainty and uncertainty〕〔26〕可能和不可能〔Possibility and impossibility〕〔27〕能够和不能够〔Ability and inability〕〔28〕偏爱和优先选择〔Preference〕〔29〕意愿和打算〔Intentions and plans〕〔30〕希望和愿望〔Hopes and Wishes〕〔31〕表扬和鼓励〔Praise and encourage〕〔32〕责备和抱怨〔Blame and complain〕〔33〕冷淡〔Indifference〕〔34〕判断与评价〔Judgment and evaluation〕 3.情感〔Emotions〕〔35〕高兴〔Happiness〕〔36〕惊奇〔Surprise〕〔37〕忧虑〔Worries〕〔38〕安慰〔Reassurance〕〔39〕满意〔Satisfaction〕〔40〕遗憾〔Regret〕〔41〕同情〔Sympathy〕〔42〕恐惧〔Fear〕〔43〕愤怒〔Anger〕4．时间〔Time〕〔44〕时刻〔Point of time〕〔45〕时段〔Duration〕〔46〕频度〔Frequency〕〔47〕时序〔Sequence〕5．空间〔Space〕〔48〕位置〔Position〕〔49〕方向〔Direction〕〔50〕距离〔Distance〕6．存在〔Existence〕〔51〕存在与不存在〔Existence and non-existence〕 7.特征〔Features〕〔52〕形状〔Shape〕〔53〕颜色〔color〕〔54〕材料〔material〕〔55〕价格〔Price〕〔56〕规格〔Size〕〔57〕年龄〔Age〕8.计量〔Measurement〕〔58〕长度〔Length〕〔59〕宽度〔Width〕〔60〕高度〔Height〕〔61〕数量〔Number〕9．比较〔Comparison〕〔62〕同级比较〔Equal comparison〕〔63〕差别比较〔Comparative and superlative〕〔64〕相似和差别〔Similarity and difference〕10.逻辑关系〔Logical relations〕〔65〕原因和结果〔Cause and effect〕〔66〕目的〔Purpose〕11.职业〔Occupations〕〔67〕工作〔Jobs〕〔68〕单位〔Employer〕四、话题项目表说明：标*号的项目为八级要求。
中考功能项目表
一 对交际运用的认识
1《英语课程标准》对交际运用的 要求
① 能够就简单的话题提供信息，表达简单的观点 和意见，参与讨论； ② 能与他人沟通信息，合作完成任务； ③ 能有效地询问信息和请求帮助； ④ 能根据话题进行情景对话； ⑤ 能在以上口语活动中语音、语调自然， 语气恰当。
日常活动 1 What are you doing?I`m doing my 2 Do you want to go swimming? Yes ,I do. homework.
3 When do you want to go? At three o`clock. 4 What did you do last weekend? 5 How was your weekend? It was great. 6 What do you usually do on weekend? Sometimes go to the beach.
《考试说明》中 “功能意念项目表”包含的 交际表达法
个人情况介绍 1 2 3 4 What does he do? He `s a waiter. Where does she work? She works at a bank. What do you want to be? I want to be an actor. What`s your address? Where do you live? 5 Where are you from?
I `d like a large/medium/small bowl of noodles.
2 What kind of noodles would you like? I `d like abeef and tomato noodles.
意念功能理论
功能与意念概说(General remarks：functions andnotions)语言研究有多种途径，传统语法是研究语言的语法结构，交际语法是研究用何种适当的语言形式实现语言的交际功能和意念的表达。
功能意念是交际语法的术语，因此交际语法也称为功能意念法。
交际语法认为，语言的使用，通常始于某种交际意图，通过一定的词语和结构形式而终于一定的言语行为，即实现一定的交际功能和意念。
学习英语，最终的目的是获得使用英语进行语言交际、表达交际功能、意念的能力。
形式语法涉及语言结构形式本身。
交际语法则关乎这种结构形式在各种具体情况下的使用，即其所表达的交际功能意念。
1)定义与分类说话和写作要利用词和词的组合，所以中国人学习英语时适当地了解英语语法知识以便掌握词的组合规则(即形式语法)是有益的。
但是，组合的语句归根结底要用于一定的交际场合，因此重要的是学会在特定的情景或语境中为特定的目的正确而恰当地使用语句，学会在什么情况下说什么和怎样说，即学会使用英语表达交际功能意念。
话语的功能指使用语言去实现什么交际动机、做什么事情或进行什么言语行为。
像陈述、询问、评价、表态、建议、命令、请求、道歉、感谢、惊奇、表扬等都是常见的功能项目。
这样一些功能都带有普遍性即一般功能，可以体现在不同的具体情景之中，例如陈述与询问这两种信息交换的功能就可能出现在日常生活、工作、社交、通信、旅游等活动当中。
一般功能结合特殊的情景，便是话语的特殊功能领域，如某实验手段的表述、某基因突变的解释等。
意念指说话的内容所涉及的概念或话题。
按照抽象程度的不同，意念可分为一般意念和特殊意念。
前者如空间、时间、数量、质量、移动、关系等，后者如个人情况、家庭、学习、健康、衣服、计算机、汽车、节假日等等。
具体到医学，就有病人与实验对象的情况、肿瘤、基因表达、排斥反应、实验结果等等。
围绕着意念可以展现各种话语。
功能和意念这两种要素在实际的话语中是紧密结合、相互依存的。
功能意念项目表28页PPT
功能意念项目表
1、纪律是管理关系的形式。——阿法 纳西耶 夫 2、改革如果不讲纪律，就难以成功。
3、道德行为训练，不是通过语言影响 ，而是 让儿童 练习良 好道德 行为， 克服懒 惰、轻 率、不 守纪律 、颓废 等不良 行为。 4、学校没有纪律便如磨房里没有水。 ——夸 美纽斯
5、教导儿童服从真理、服从集体，养 成儿童 自觉的 纪律性 ，这是 儿童道 德教育 最重要 的部分 。—— 陈鹤琴
中考英语功能意念项目表修订
重庆2013中考英语功能意念项目考点一. 社会交往(1)问候Good morning / afternoon / evening.How are you? = How are you doing? 你过得好吗?I'm OK. = Fine, thanks, and you? = Very well, thank you.Please say hello to your parents. 带我向你父母问好(2)介绍My name is Jim. I'm a student.I'm from China. This is Mr. Brown.Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.How do you do? How do you do?(3)告别Good-bye / Bye / Bye-bye. Good night.See you later / then / tomorrow / soon.I am afraid I must go now.(4)感谢A. Thank you. Thanks a lot.Thank you for your help.It's kind of you.B. It's a pleasure. That's OK That’ｓall right.You're welcome. (不用谢)(5)道歉A. Sorry. I won’t. Excuse me. I beg your pardon.I' m sorry for losing your book. = I'm sorry to lose your book.I'm sorry (that) I lose your book .B. That's OK. = Never mind. = It doesn't matter. = It's nothing.(6)邀请A. Would you like to go with me?May I invite you to dinner?B. Yes, I'd love to.That would be very nice.No, thank you.It's very nice of you, but my mother is ill.I'd love to, but I'm afraid I have no time.(7)请求允许A. May I come in?Could I use your telephone? （could不是过去式，而表语气的委婉）Would you mind if I open the window?Would you mind my opening the window？B. ①Yes, please. Sure. = Certainly. = of course, you canGo ahead, please. 可以的，开始做吧②I'm sorry . I'm afraid not. = You'd better not.(8)祝贺与祝愿A. Have a good time! = enjoy yourself = have a wonderful timeHave a good journey / trip! 旅行愉快Good luck! Best wishes to you.Happy New Year! Merry Christmas!Happy birthday! Congratulations!B. Thank you. = The same to you.(9)提供帮助A. Can I help you? = What can I do for you?B. ①Yes, please. Yes, thanks. Thank you.②No, thanks.(10)约会A. Will you be free tomorrow?Do you have time this afternoon?How about tomorrow morning?When / Where shall we meet?Let's make it 4:30. （时间前没有介词）B. ① Yes, I'll be free then.All right. See you then.②I'm afraid I have no time then.Sorry, I won't be free then. But I'll be free tomorrow.(11) 打电话A. Hello! May I speak to Tom? = Is that Tom speaking?你是汤姆吗？Can I leave a message?留言take a message 带信B. Hello! This is Mary speaking. 我是汤姆Hold the line, please. = Just a moment, please. = Hold on请稍等(12) 就餐A. Would you like something to drink?Would you like to drink some water?Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃些鱼B. ①I'd like rice and chicken.It's so delicious. Thank you.②No, thank you. I've had enough.I'm full, thank you. 我吃饱了，谢谢(13)就医A. What's the matter? = What’s wrong with you? = what’s the trouble?How long have you felt like this? 你像这样有多久了？It's nothing serious. 没什么严重的Take this medicine three times a day. 这个药一天吃三次You'll get well soon. 你会很快康复的B. I have a headache / cough / fever/ the flu / sore eyes.I don't feel well. I can't sleep well.I am sorry to hear that.(14)购物A. Can / May I help you? What can I do for you?What color / size / kind would you like?What about this one?Here's your change. 这是找给你的零钱B. I want /I'd like a pair of shoes.How much is it / are they? May I try it on?It's too big / small. Sorry, it's too expensive.Do you have any other colors / sizes / kinds? I'll take it.我就买它(15) 问路A. Excuse me. Where's the washroom?Can you tell me how to get to the post office?Excuse me. Which is the way to the Bank of China?Excuse me. Could you tell me the way t6 the station, please?How can I get to No. 4 Middle School?B. ①It's over there.It's about 400 meters from here.Go down this street until you see the tall red building.Turn right / left at the second crossing / comer.You can't miss it.You can take bus No. 103.You'd better take a taxi. ?②Sorry. I don't know. I'm a stranger here.Sorry，I’m new here.(16)谈论天气A. What's the weather like today?How's the weather?B. It's sunny / cloudy / windy / rainy / snowy / foggy.(17)语言交际困难Pardon? = I beg your pardon? 请原谅下/你能重复下吗？How do you say ... in English?Can you spell it, please?(18)提醒注意Don't forget your raincoat.Make sure that all the windows are closed.No smoking! No spitting! Look out!Be careful! It's dangerous!(19)警告和禁止You mustn’t smoke here. 这里严禁吸烟Sorry，I won’t (20)劝告You'd better go to see the doctor.You should listen to and read English everyday.(21) 建议Let's go and have a look. Sounds goodShall we go now? Good ideaWhat / How about going to a movie? It would be fun.Why don't you buy a computer? Sounds interesting Why not go to a movie?（22）接受与拒绝二. 态度(23) 同意和不同意Sure. Certainly. Of course. I agree.No problem. That's a good idea. Yes, I think so.I don't agree. = I don't think so. = I'm afraid not.(24)喜欢和不喜欢I like taking photos. I enjoy listening to music.I'm interested in science. He is fond of music.I don't enjoy collecting stamps. I hate to do homework.讨厌做…(25)肯定和不肯定I'm sure. There is no doubt that it's made of silk…..是毫无疑问的I'm not so sure. I'm not sure whether / if she can come.Maybe / Perhaps she is at home now. It's hard to say.很难说(26)可能和不可能A. He can / may come today. It may snow tonight.It's possible to finish the homework before 6 o'clock.B. He may not come today. He can't be in the office now.他不可能在…It's impossible to finish my homework within one hour.(27)能够和不能够He can ride a bike. He is able to ride a bike.He is good at football. He can't swim.(28)偏爱和爱好I prefer tea. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?I prefer tea to coffee. I like English better(29)意愿和打算I'll go with you. I'm going to see my head teacher this afternoon.I'd like to make a phone call to her after class.I want / hope to find an English pen-friend.I plan to go to Hangzhou this summer.(30)希望和愿望I wish to see you again. I hope to become a doctor.I hope it stays fine. I hope so. I hope not.(31)表扬和鼓励A. Very good! Well done! Wonderful! Excellent!You speak English very well. Your dress is beautiful!B. Thank you.(32)判断和评价三. 情感(33)高兴How wonderful I'm so happy. I'm glad to hear that (34)惊奇Really? Is that so? What a surprise! How nice to see you! (35)关切What's wrong? = What's the matter? = Anything wrong? (36)安慰Don't be afraid. Don't worry. (37)满意Well done! Perfect!完美的I'm pleased with….我对…感到满意(38)遗憾I'm so sorry! It's a pity! What a shame! That's too bad!四. 时间(39)时刻A. What's the time, please? What time is it?B. It's half past five 五点半/ twenty to nine. 八点四十(40)时段How long does it take you to get to school?I have been in this school for three years.(41) 频度How often do you go to movies?I go to the movie once a week.(42) 顺序at first / in the beginning / to begin with / first of allnext / then / later on /Finally / at last / in the end / Last but not least五.空间(43)位置Where is the picture?It's on / at / above / in / under / beside / near / behind /next to the table. (44)方向In在范围里边on接壤to相离(45)距离How far is your school from here?It's about 40 minutes by bike. = It's about 6 miles away.六. 存在(46) 存在(Existence)A. Is there a bird in the tree?Are there any apples in the tree?B. Yes, there is / are.There is some water in the bottle.There are many birds in the tree.七. 特征(47)形状What does it look like? It looks like a sheep.What's the shape of the clouds? It's round / long / tall / short. (48)颜色What color is the bag?It's green / red / yellow / black / white / orange / light brown / dark blue. (49)材料The desk is made of wood.The red wine is made from grapes.(50)价格How much is it? How much are they?The book is cheap / expensive? The price is high / low.价格高/低(51)规格What size is your sweater? The size of my sweater is XXL.It's too big / small / long / short for me.(52) 年龄How old are you? How old is she?I'm eighteen. She is six years old. 八．计量(53)长度How long is the bridge? It's 430 meters / feet long. (54)宽度How wide is the river? It's about 200 meters wide. (55)高度How tall is the building? It's 130 meters tall .(56) 数量A. How many students are there in your class?How much water do you drink every day?B. There are forty students in our class.I drink five glasses of water every day.（57）重量九.比较(58)同级比较My ruler is as long as yours. I can run as fast as you can.My ruler is not so long as yours I can't run so fast as you can.(59)差别比较Lily is younger than Kate.The red skirt is more expensive than the yellow one.I run faster than Jim.Mrs. Baker walks more slowly than Mr. Baker.Jim is the tallest in his class. Tom is the best of all. (60)相似和差别This picture is the same as that one on the wall.Lucy is like her mother. Tom looks like his father.My picture is different from yours.十.逻辑关系(61)原因和结果A. Why are you late for school?How could you miss the train / plane?B. Because I got up late this morning.Because of the bad traffic, we missed the train.He ate too much, so he did not feel well.* It is so dark that I can not see anything in the room.(62)目的A. Why are you here today?Why did you do that?B. I came here to see you off.* I did that in order to protect the trees.语法项目表1.词类：名词，形容词，副词，动词，代词，冠词，数词，介词，连词感叹词2. 构词法：合成法派生法转化法3．名词：可数名词及其单复数不可数名词专有名词所有歌4.代词：人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词不定代词疑问代词5.数词基数词和序数词6.动词：动词的基本形式系动词助动词及物动词和不及物动词情态动词7. 时态：一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时过去进行时8.被动语态：一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时9.非谓语动词-----动词不定式（1）做动词的宾语（2做宾补（3）做状语（4）用在how，when，where ，what ，which等之后10.句子种类：（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句）（3）祈使句（肯定式和否定式（4）感叹句）11.简单的五个基本句型：（1）主语+系动词+标语（2）主语+不及物动词（3）主语+及物动词+宾语（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语外加there be 句型12.并列句13.复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（时间、条件、原因、比较、结果、目的、让步）（3）定从话题项目1.个人情况2.家庭、朋友与周围的人3.居住环境4.日常生活5.学校6.个人兴趣7.情感与情绪8.人际交往9.计划与安排10.节假日生活11.购物12.饮食13.卫生与健康14.安全与救护15.天气16.文娱与体育17.旅游与交通18.通讯19.语言学习20.自然21.世界与环境22.科普知识与现代技术23.历史与社会24.故事与诗歌。
(2020年整理)英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇.doc
英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇语法项目表1．名词（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格2．代词（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词3．数词（1）基数词（2）序数词4．介词和介词短语5．连词6．形容词（比较级和最高级）7．副词（比较级和最高级）8．冠词9．动词（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词（5）情态动词10．时态（1）现在进行时（2）一般现在时（3）一般过去时（4）一般将来时（5）过去进行时（6）现在完成时11．被动语态12．非谓语动词：动词不定式13．构词法（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写14．句子种类（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句（3）祈使句（4）感叹句15．句子成分（1）主语（2）谓语（主谓一致）（3）表语（4）宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）（5）定语（6）状语16．简单句的基本句型（1）主语+系动词+表语（2）主语+不及物动词（3）主语+及物动词+宾语（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（6）there be句型17．并列复合句18．主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句词汇表说明：1．本表共收约1600个单词。
2．本词汇表不列词组和短语。
3．本词汇表不列语法术语。
4．部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。
Aa (an) art.ability nable aabout prep &ad. above prepabroad a &ad absent aaccent naccept vaccident nache nachieve vacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nadd vaddress nadvantage n advertisement n advice nadvise vafford vafraid aafter ad , prep & conj afternoon nagain adagainst prepage nago adagree vagreement nair nairlineairplane n airport nalive aall a &pron allow valmost adalone aalong ad & prep aloud adalready adalso adalthough conjalways adAmerica nAmerican a &n among prepancient aand conjangry aanimal nanother a & pron answer n & vant nany pron & a anybody pronanyone pronanything pron anyway adanywhere adappear vapple nApril nareaarm narmy naround prep & ad arrive vart narticle nas ad, conj &prepAsia nAsian a &nask vasleep aat prepAtlantic n & aattention nAugust naunt nAustralia nAustralian a &nautumn navailable aavoid nawake vaway adBbaby nback ad & nbackground nbad ( worse,worst)abag nball nballoon nbamboo nbanana nbank nbaseball nbasic abasket nbasketball nbathroom nbe (is, am, are, was, were, being, been)aux v beach nbear nbeat v &nbeautiful abecause conjbecome (became, become)vbed nbedroom nbee nbeef nbefore prep, ad & conjbegin (began, begun) vbehaviour n behind prepbelieve vbell nbelow prepbeside prepbesides prep & ad between prepbeyond prepbig abike=bicycle nbill nbird nbirth nbirthday nbiscuit nbit nbitter ablack a & nblackboard nblind ablood nblow (blew, blown) vblue n & aboard nboat nbody nbook nboring aborn aborrow vboss nboth pron& abottle nbottom nbowl nbox nboy nbrain nbrave abread nbreak (broke, broken) v & n breakfast nbreath nbreathe vbridge nbright abring (brought, brought) v brother nbrown n & abrush v & nbuild (built, built) v building nburn (-ed, ed/burnt, burnt) v bus nbusiness nbusy abut conjbutter nbutterfly nbuy (bought, bought) vby prepbye interjCcabbage ncake ncall v &ncamel ncamera ncamp n &vcan modal vCanada ncancel vcandle ncancer ncandy ncap ncapital ncaptain ncar ncard ncare v &ncareful acareless acarry vcat ncatch (caught, caught)v cause n &vCD nCD-ROM n.ceiling ncelebrate vcent n centre ncentury ncertain achair nchairman/woman n chalk nchance nchange vchant n & vcheap acheat vcheck n &vcheer n &v cheese nchemistry nchess nchest nchicken nchild (pl. children) n China nChinese a & n chocolate nchoice nchoose (chose, chosen) v chopsticks n Christmas nchurch ncinema ncircle n & vcity nclap v & nclass nclassmate n classroom nclean a &vclear aclever aclimb vclock nclone vclose v & a clothes ncloud ncloudy aclub ncoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncoffee ncoin ncoke ncold a &ncollect vcollege ncolour (Am color) n & v come (came, come) v comfortable acommon a communicate v communication n company ncompare vcompetition ncomplete a & v composition ncomputer nconcert ncondition nconference nconnect vconsider vcontinue vcontrol vconversation ncook v & ncooker ncool acopy n &vcorner ncorrect v & acost v & ncotton n & acough n &vcould modal vcount vcountry ncountryside ncouple ncourage ncourse ncousin n cover n& vcow ncrayon ncrazy acreate vcross v& ncruel acry n &vculture ncup ncut (cut, cut) v &n Ddad (daddy) ndaily a, ad & n dance v & n danger ndangerous adare v & aux vdark a&ndate ndaughter nday ndead adeaf adeal vdear adeath nDecember ndecide vdecision ndeep a & ad degree ndelicious adentist ndepend vdescribe vdesk ndevelop v development n dialogue (Am dialog) n diary ndictionary ndie vdifference ndifferent adifficult adifficulty ndig (dug, dug) vdinner ndirect a & vdirection ndirector ndirty adiscover vdiscovery ndiscuss vdiscussion ndisease ndish ndismiss vdisturb vdivide vdo (did, done)vdoctor ndog ndoll ndollar ndoor ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown ad &prepdownstairs addozen ndraw (drew, drawn) vdrawer ndream (-ed, -ed/dreamt, dreamt) v & n dress n & vdrink (drank, drunk) v& ndrive (drove, driven)vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndry v & aduck ndumpling nduring prepduty nDVD nE each a & pronear nearly a & adearth neast n, a & ad easy aeat (ate, eaten) vedge neducation neffort negg neight numeighteen numeighth numeighty numeither a , conj& ad elder aelectric aelephant neleven numelse ae-mail n & vempty aencourage vend n & venemy nenergy nengineer nEngland nEnglish n & a enjoy venough a &ad enter venvironment neraser nespecially adEurope nEuropean a & n even adevening never adevery aeverybody pron everyday aeveryone pron everything pron everywhere adexam=examination nexamine vexample nexcellent aexcept prepexcite vexcuse n &vexercise v & nexpect vexpensive aexperience nexperiment nexplain vexpress veye nFface n &vfact nfactory nfail vfair afall (fell, fallen)vfamily nfamous afan nfantastic afar(farther, farthest/further, furthest) a & ad farm nfarmer nfast a& adfat afather nfavourite (Am favorite) a & nfear nFebruary nfeed (fed, fed)vfeel (felt, felt)vfeeling nfestival nfetch vfever nfew pron &afield nfifth numfifty num fight (fought, fought ) v& n fill vfilm nfinal afind (found, found)vfine afinger nfinish vfire nfirst num,a& adfish nfisherman nfit a & vfive numfix vflag nflat nfloor nflower nflu nfly1 (flew, flown) vfly2nfollow vfood nfoot (pl. feet) nfootball nfor prepforce vforeign aforeigner nforest nforget (forgot, forgot) vfork nform nforty numforward adfour numfourteen numfourth numfox nfree afreeze (froze, frozen) vfresh aFriday nfridge (=refrigerator) nfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfruit nfull afun nfunny afurniture nfuture nGgame ngarden ngate ngeneral agentleman n geography ngesture nget (got, got) vgift ngiraffe ngirl ngive (gave, given) v glad aglass nglove ngo (went, gone) vgoat ngod ngold n & agolden agood ( better, best) a goodbye (bye-bye) interj goose (pl. geese) n government ngrade ngrammar ngrandchild n granddaughter n grandma = grandmother n grandpa = grandfather n grandparent n grandson ngranny n grape ngrass ngreat agreen a & n greeting nground ngroup ngrow (grew, grown) v guard nguess vguest nguitar ngun ngym = gymnasium n Hhabit nhair nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhand nhandbag n handsome a handwriting nhang (hung, hung) v happen vhappy ahard ad & a hardly adhat nhate v&nhave ( has, had, had)v he pronhead nheadache nhealth nhealthy ahear (heard, heard) v heart nheat nheaven nheavy aheight nhello (hi) interjhelp v &nhelpful ahen nher pronhere adhero nherself pronhide (hid, hidden) vhigh ahill nhim pronhimself pronhis pronhistory nhit (hit, hit ) vhobby nhold (held, held) vhole nholiday nhome n &ad hometown nhomework nhonest ahonour (Am honor) n & v hope n & vhorse nhospital nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousework nhow adhowever ad & conjhuge ahuman a &n humorous ahundred numhungry ahurry vhurt (hurt,hurt)vhusband nII pronice nice-cream n idea nif conjill aillness nimagine v immediately ad important a impossible a improve vin prepinch ninclude v increase v &n India nIndian a & n industry n influence n information nink ninside prepinsist vinstead ad instruction n intention n interest n interesting a international n Internet n interview n &v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention ninvite viron n &v island nit prop.its pronitself pronJjacket n January nJapan nJapanese n & a jeans njob njoin vjoke n &vjoy njuice nJuly njump vJune njust a & adKkeep (kept, kept)v key nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo = kilogram n kilometre nkind1akind2nking nkiss n & v kitchen nkite nknee nknife (pl. knives)n knock v & nknow (knew, known) v knowledge nLlab= laboratory n labour (Am labor) n lady nlake nlamb nlamp nland n & v language nlarge alast a &vlate a &ad laugh n & vlaw nlay (laid, laid) vlazy alead (led, led) vleader nleaf (pl. leaves)nlearn (learnt, learnt)vleast nleave (left, left)vleft a & nleg nlemonade nlend (lent, lent) vlesson nlet (let, let) vletter nlevel nlibrary nlicense nlie1(lay, lain) vlie2v & nlife nlift vlight n, v &alike v & prepline nlion nlist n &vlisten vlittle alitter (less, least) v& n live vlively alock n & vLondon nlonely along alook v & nlose (lost, lost) vlot nloud alove v & nlovely alow a & adluck nlucky alunch nMmachine nmad amadam = madame n magazine nmagic amail nmain amake (made, made) vman (pl. men)nmanage vmanager nmany ( more, most)pron & a map nMarch nmark n & vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmaster v &nmatch v & nmath(s) = mathematics nmay modal vMay nmaybe adme pronmeal nmean (meant, meant) v meaning nmeat nmedical amedicine nmeet (met, met)vmeeting nmember nmemory nmend vmention n & vmessage nmenu nmetal n & amethod nmetre (Am meter) nmiddle n might modal vmile nmilk nmind n & vmine pronminute nmirror nmiss1nmiss2vmistake (mistook, mistaken) v &n model nmodern amom (Am mum) nmoment nMonday nmoney nmonitor nmonkey nmonth nmoon nmore a , ad &nmorning nmost a &admother nmotorcycle nmountain nmouse (pl. mice) nmouth nmove vmovie nMr. (mister)nMrs. (mistress)nMs. nmuch amurder vmuseum nmusic nmust modal vmy pronmyself pronNname nnational anatural anature nnear anearly adnecessary aneck nneed modal v,v&n neighbour (Am neighbor)n neither anervous anever adnew anews nnewspaper nnext a &adnice anight nnine numnineteen numninety numninth numno ad & anobody n& pronnod vnoise nnone pronnoodle nnoon nnor conjnormal anorth a & nnorthern anose nnot adnote n & vnotebook nnothing pronnotice n & v November nnow adnumber nnurse nOOK adobject nocean nOctober nof prepoff prep &adoffer v & n office nofficer noften adoil nold aon preponce n , ad & conj one num & pron oneself prononly adopen a & voperation nor conjorange a & norder v ¬her pron & aour pronourselves pronout adoutside n , ad & prep over prep & ad overcoat nown a &vowner nPP.C.= personal computer n P.E.= physical education n Pacific n & a package npage npaint npair npalace npale apancake npanda npaper npardon nparent npark1npark2vpart nparty npass vpassage npassenger npassport npast n , a &preppath npatient1npatient2 apay (paid, paid)vpeace npear npen npence npencil npenny npeople npercent nperfect aperhaps adperiod nperson npersonal apet nphone = telephone v & n photo = photograph n physics npiano npick vpicnic npicture npie npiece npig npilot nping-pong npink n & apioneer npity nplace n &vplain a &nplan n & vplane nplanet nplant v & nplastic n & aplate nplay vplayground npleasant a please vpleasure nplenty npocket npoem npoint v &npolice npoliceman (policewoman) n policy npolite apond npool npoor apop = popular apopular apopulation npork nposition npossible apost vpostcard npostman npotato npound npractice npractise (Am pratice) v praise n &vprepare vpresent npresident npretty aprevent vprice npride nprimary aprint vprison nprisoner nprivate aprize nprobably adproblem nproduce vprogramme (Am program) n progress n & vpromise n & vpronounce v pronunciation n proper aprotect vproud aprove vprovide vpublic a & n pull v & n punish vpupil npurple a & n purpose npurse npush n &vput (put, put)vQquarter nqueen nquestion nquick a & ad quiet aquite adRrabbit nrace nradio nrailway nrain v &n raincoat nrainy araise vrapid arat nrather adreach vread (read, read) v ready areal arealise (Am realize) v really adreason nreceive v recent arecite vrecord v & n recorder nred a & nrefuse vregard vregret n& vrelation nrelax vremain vremember vrepair n & vrepeat vreply v & nreport n & vrequire vresearch nrest n &v restaurant nresult nretell vreturn vreview v &nrice nrich aride (rode, ridden) v riddle nright n & aring (rang, rung) v & n rise (rose, risen) vrisk nriver nroad nrobot nrock nrole nroom nrope nrose nround ad , prep & a row vrubber nrubbish nrule n & vruler nrun (ran, run) vrush vRussia nRussian n & aSsad asafe a & nsafety nsail n & vsalad nsale nsalt nsame n & asand nsandwich nsatisfy vSaturday nsausage nsave vsay (said, said) vscarf nschool nschoolbag nscience nscientist nscore n & vscreen nsea nsearch n & vseason nseat nsecond num, a & n secret nsecretary nsee (saw, seen) vseem vseldom adsell (sold, sold) vsend (sent, sent) vsense nsentence nseparate v & a September nserious a servant nserve vservice nset (set, set) v & n seven numseventeen numseventh numseventy numseveral pron & a shake(shook, shaken) v shall (should) aux &v shame nshape n & vshare vshe pronsheep (pl. sheep)nshelf （pl. shelves）n. shine (shone, shone) vship nshirt nshoe nshop nshort ashorts nshould modal vshoulder nshout n & vshow (showed, shown) v shower nshut (shut, shut) vshy asick aside nsight nsilence nsilent asilk nsilly asilver nsimilar asimple asince prep, conj &ad sing (sang, sung) vsingle asir nsister nsit (sat, sat) vsituation nsix numsixteen numsixth numsixty numsize nskate vskill nskirt nsky nsleep(slept, slept) v & nsleepy aslow a &adsmall asmart asmell (-ed, -ed/smelt, smelt) n & v smile n &vsmoke v &nsmooth asnake nsnow v &nsnowy aso ad & conjsoap nsocial asociety nsocks nsofa nsoft asoldier nsolid a & nsome a &pronsomebody pronsomeone pronsomething pronsometimes adsomewhere adson nsong nsoon adsorry asort v &nsound v & nsoup nsour asouth n & asouthern a space nspare aspeak (spoke, spoken) v speaker nspecial aspeech nspeed n &vspell (-ed, -ed; spelt, spelt) v spend (spent, spent) v .spirit nspoon nsport nspread (spread, spread) v spring nsquare nstairs nstamp nstand(stood, stood) v standard n & astar nstart vstate nstation nstay n & vsteal (stole, stolen) vsteel nstep n & vstick (stuck, stuck)v & n still adstomach nstone nstop n &vstore n &vstorm nstory nstrange astranger nstrawberry nstream nstreet nstrict astrong astudent nstudy v &nstupid asubject nsucceed vsuccess nsuccessful asuch ad, pron & a sudden asugar nsuggest vsuggestion nsummer nsun nSunday nsunny a supermarket n supper nsupply v & n suppose vsure a &ad surface nsurprise n & v sweater nsweep (swept, swept) v sweet n & a swim (swam, swum) v swimming nswing nsymbol nTtable ntable tennis ntail ntake (took, taken) v tale ntalk vtall atape ntask ntaste n & vtaxi ntea nteach (taught, taught) v teacher nteam ntechnology n telephone n & v television = TV n tell (told, told) v temperature nten numtenth numtennis ntent nterm nterrible atest v & ntext nthan conjthank v &nthat a, pron & conj the art.theatre (Am theatre) n their pronthem pron themselves pronthen adthere int, n &ad these pronthey pronthick athin athing nthink (thought, thought)v third numthirsty athirteen numthirty numthis a & pronthose a & pron though conjthought nthousand numthread nthree numthrough prep & ad throw (threw, thrown) v Thursday nticket ntidy atie v &ntiger ntill conj & preptime ntiny atired ato preptoday ad &n together adtoilet ntomato ntomorrow ad &n ton ntongue ntonight adtoo adtool ntooth (pl. teeth)n toothache n toothbrush n toothpaste ntop ntotal a & ntouch v & ntour ntourist ntoward(s) preptowel ntower ntown ntoy ntrade ntraditional atraffic ntrain n & v training ntranslate vtravel v &n treasure n treatment ntree ntrip ntrouble v & n trousers ntruck ntrue atrust vtruth ntry vT-shirt nTuesday nturn n &v twelfth numtwelve num twentieth numtwenty numtwice adtwo numUugly aumbrella nuncle nunder prepunderground a & n understand (understood, understood) v unit nuniversity nunless conjuntil prep & conjup ad &prepupon prepupstairs adus pronuse n & vused auseful ausual aVvacation nvalue nVCD nvegetable nvehicle nvery advictory nvideo nvillage nviolin nvisit v &nvisitor nvoice nvolleyball nWwait vwake (woke, woken)vwalk v &nwall nwant vwar nwarm awarn vwash vwaste n& vwatch n &vwater nwatermelon nway nwe pronweak awealth nwear (wore, worn) vweather nwebsite nWednesday nweek nweekday nweekend nweigh vweight nwelcome awell (better, best) a , ad & n west a &nwestern awet awhale nwhat pron& awhatever conj& pronwheat nwheel nwhen conj &adwhenever conjwhere adwhether conjwhich conjwhile conj&nwhite a & nwho pronwhole awhom pronwhose pronwhy ad &intwide awife nwill (would)modal vwin (won, won)n wind nwindow nwindy awine nwing nwinner nwinter nwise awish n &vwith prepwithout prepwolf nwoman (pl. women) n wonder vwonderful awood nword nwork v & n worker nworld nworry vworth awould modal v wound v & nwrite (wrote, written)v wrong aXX-rayYyard nyear nyellow a & nyes adyesterday n & ad yet adyou pronyoung ayour pronyourself pron yourselves pronZzebra nzero n & numzoo学海无涯。
语法、单词、数词
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
4.IhavebeenillsincelastMon day.
功能
提示
Howoftendoyougotomovies?
频率 回答
Igotothemovieonceaweek. Ioftengotomovies.
功能
提示
Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?
距离 回答
It’sabout40minutesbybike. It’sabout6kilometers/milesaway.
Iamsorry,I’mafraid,Ihavetogon
ow.
功能 提示
Thankyou(verymuch). Thanksalot. Thankyouforyourhelp. It’sverykind/niceofyou
感谢 回答
That’sOK/allright. You’rewelcome. It’sapleasure./It’smypleasure Don’tmentionit.
1.It’soverthere. Godownthisstreetuntilyouseet
hetallredbuilding. Turnright/leftatthesecondcross
ing/corner. Youcan’tmissit. YoucantakebusNo.3. You’dbettertakeataxi. 2.Sorry,Idon’tknow,I’mstrange
1.Hello.ThisisTomspeaking. 2.Hello.Whoisthis? 3.Holdtheline./Justamoment,please . 4.Hello.Who’sspeaking? 5.Sorry,heisn’thererightnow.canIta keamessage? 5.I’mafraidyouhavethewrongnumb er. 6,Sorry,thelineisbad,Ican’thearyou. 7,Sorry,Icouldn’tgetthrough.
售货员专用语
顾客专用语
Can/mayIhelpyou?
1.Iwant/I’dlikeapairofshoes.
WhatcanIdoforyou? 2.Howmuchisit/arethey?
Howmany/muchwouldy oulike?
Whatcolor/size/kindwou
3.MayItryiton? 4.It’stoobig/small. 5.Sorry.it’stoexpensive.6.Doyouhaveanyoth
ng?
hankyou.
PleasesayHellotoyourparents
.
Pleasegivemybestlove/wishe Sure./allright
stoLucy.
功能
提示
MynameisJim. I’mastudent. I’mfromEngland. ThisisMr./Mrs./Miss/MsBro wn. I’dlikeyoutomeetBob.
I’msorry,it’snotallowed./I’mafraidnot./You’dbetternot y.
)
That’sallright.
Goahead,pleas e
2.I’mafraidnot . You’dbetterno t.
功能
提示
祝愿和祝贺 回答
Haveagoodday/timeHaveagoodjourney/trip.
rhere.
功能 提示
谈论天气 回答
What’stheweatherliketo day?
How’stheweatherinBeij ing?
It’ssunny/cloudy/windy/rainy/snow y/foggy.
It’sgettingcold/hot/warm/cool.
功能 提示
1.What’sthetime,please? 2.Whattimeisit? 3.WhendidyoucometoChina? 4.HowlonghaveyoubeeninChi na?
学海无涯
功能 打电话专用语
Hello.MayIspeaktoTom? Hello.I’dliketospeaktoMr.Green. IsthatTomspeaking? Extention12345,please.
I’llcallbacklater
I’llringhimup(again).
打电话 接电话专用语
Goodluck.
Enjoyyourself.
Thankyou.
Bestwishtoyou.
You,too.
HappyNewYear.
Thesametoyou.
Merrychristmas.
Congratulations.
Welldone.
功能 提示
Doyouwantmetocleanther oom? CanIhelpyou? WhatcanIdoforyou? Letmetakeyourbag.
hool?
2.Ittakesme20minutesbybik
2.Howlongdoesittakeyoutogetto e.
school?
3.IlivedinBeijingfrom1996t
3.WhendidyouliveinBeijing? o1999.
4.Howlonghaveyoubeenill?
功能
提示
就餐
回答
1.Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink? 2.Whatwouldyoulike
(tohave) 3.Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?(肯：
Justalittle.canIhavesomemoresoup?/It’ss odelicious,thankyou.否：同 1,2 两句)
提供帮助 回答
1.Yes,please. Yes,thanks. Thankyou.Thatwouldbenice/fine. Thanyouforyourhelp 2.No,thankyou/thanks. That’sverykindofyou.butIcandoit myself.
功能
约会
提示
功能 提示
Sorry. I’msorry. Excuseme,please. Ibegyourpardon. I’msorry(that)Iamlate.
道歉 回答
That’sOK. It’s/That’sallright. Nevermind. Itdoesn’tmatter. It’snothing. Forgetit
就医 病人专用语
Ihaveaheadache/cough/fever. Ifeelterrible/bad/awful.
Ican’tsleepwell. Idon’tfeellikeeating. Idon’tfeelwell I’vegotapainhere. Sincetwodaysago
功能
购物
介绍
回答
Hello. Howdoyoudo? Nice/glad/pleasedtomeet(see)y ou.
功能 提示
Goodnight.
告别 回答
Goodnight.
学海无涯
Seeyoulater/then/tomorrow/so Seeyoulater/then/tomorrow/s
on.
oon.
功能
邀请
提示
回答
Wouldyouliketogoforawalk?
1.OK.Thankyou.
MayIinviteyoutodinner?
Yes,I’dloveto.
What/howabouthavingaswimming Thatwouldbenice.
?
2.No,thankyou.
1
It’sveryniceofyou,butmymomisill . I’dloveto,butIhavenotime. I’msorryIcan’t.
功能
请示允许
提示
回答
MayIcomein?
Can/CouldIuseyourtelephone?
Would/doyoumindifIopen(myopening)thewindow?( 1.Yes,please.
肯：No,please/Goahead,please 不介意，开吧。否： Sure./Certainl
ish.(
肯
：
1
It’ssodelicious,thankyou. 否：同 1,2 两句))
功能 （医生专用语言）
What’sthematter? Doyouhaveafever? It’snothingserious. Takethemedicinethreetimesaday. You’llbeall right/wellsoon. Howlonghaveyoubeen/feltlikethis?
回答
Willyoubefreetomorrow?
1.Yes,I’llbefreethen.
Doyouhavetimethisafternoon? Howabouttomorrowmorning? Couldwemeetat4:30? Let’smakeit4；30.
Allright.Seeyouthen. 2.I’mafraidIhavenotimethen. Sorry,Iwon’tbefreethen.
5.Whattimedoyougetup?
时间 回答
It’shalfpastfive./twentytonin e.