英语_科技英语写作习题以及答案
科技英语写作—— 考试重点
练习一1 输入信号太大会引起非线性失真。
Nonlinear distortion can be caused by too large an input signal.2 利用斜率的定义，我们能导出表示直线的方程。
Using the definition of slope, we can derive the equation which represents a straight line.3 f (x+h)-f(x)这一表达式经常用在微积分方面。
The expression f (x+h)-f(x) is frequently used in the study of calculus.4 能写成以下形式的方程被称为含有一个未知数的线性方程。
An equation which can be written in the following form is known as a linear equation in one unknown.5 在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟速率工作。
In a computer, the tendency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible.6 该电容器上的电压为零点零几伏The voltage across this capacitor is a few hundredths of a volt.7 十年前该厂的产量仅为现在的五分之一。
The output of the factory ten years ago was only one fifth what it is now8 这两数值之差为万分之十三。
The difference between these two values is 13 parts in 104.9 锡的熔点没有铅高。
Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead (does).10. 这个平均速度是末速度的一半This average velocity is half the final velocity.11 必须弄清解这个方程需要多久的时间Itis necessary to find how long a time it takes to solve this equation.12 这根导线比那根粗三倍This wire is four times thicker than that one.13. 电可以容易的被转变成其他形式的能量Electricity can be easily changed into other forms of energy.14 1831年美国的约瑟夫亨利发现了电磁感应现象.In1831, Joseph Henry in the United States discovered the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction15 收音机是由几个单元组成的A receiver consists of several units练习二1 这本书对电子工程师来说是极有帮助的。
《科技英语》课后习题答案
Main Content :UNIT 1 MA THEMA TICS I.Text OrganizationParts Part OneParagraphsParas. 1-3Main IdeasGame theory can be defined as the science of strategywhich studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games)and conflicts in cooperative forms.Part Two Paras. 4-11 There are two distinct typesinterdependence: sequential-movesimultaneous-move game.of strategic game andPart Three Paras.The typical examples of game theory are given as the12-19basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixingmoves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing andrevealing information.Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded inillustrating strategies in situations of conflict and cooperation andit will focus on the design of successful strategy in future.nguage PointsThe games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (Para.1)Paraphrase:The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child bringing-up and from tennis to handovers.range: v. to vary between limits, extend, run in a linee.g. (1) The price ranges from $ 30 to $ 80. (2) The boundary ranges from north to south.takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. 接收、接管e.g. The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeover.Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (Para.2)pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others)e.g. The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital.pioneer: n. original investigator of subject or explorer or settler; initiator of enterprisee.g. The young generation was greatly motivated by the pioneers’exploits.That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actions jointly. (Para.2)Paraphrase:That is, the players were expected to select and carry out their actions together.⋯he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foreseee.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution. anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would alwaysanticipate his income.The essence of a game is the interdependenceof player strategies. (Para.4) Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other.essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thinge.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence. essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possiblee.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint椒薄(荷、椒薄荷油 ) interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each otherinter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、 international、interview 等。
《科技英语》课后习题答案
Main Content: UNIT 1 MATHEMATICSI.Text OrganizationParts ParagraphsMain IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science ofstrategy which studies both pure conflicts(zero-sum games) and conflicts in cooperativeforms.Part Two Paras.4-11 There are two distinct types of strategic interdependence: sequential-move game and simultaneous-move game.Part Three Paras.12-19The typical examples of game theory are givenas the basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves,bargaining, concealing and revealinginformation.Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded inillustrating strategies in situations ofconflict and cooperation and it will focus onthe design of successful strategy in future. nguage PointsThe games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (Para.1)Paraphrase: The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child bringing-up and from tennis to handovers.range: v. to vary between limits, extend, run in a linee.g. (1) The price ranges from $ 30 to $ 80. (2) The boundary ranges from north to south.takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. 接收、接管e.g. The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeover. Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (Para.2)pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others)e.g. The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital.pioneer: n. original investigator of subject or explorer or settler; initiator of enterprisee.g. The young generation was greatly motivated by the pioneers’exploits.That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implementtheir actions jointly. (Para.2)Paraphrase: That is, the players were expected to select and carry out their actions together.…he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foresee e.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution.anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time 预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always anticipate his income.The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. (Para.4)Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other.essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thinge.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possiblee.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint (椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each otherinter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview等。
《科技英语》课后习题答桉完整版
《科技英语》课后习题答桉完整版大学英语的预习好帮手Main Content: UNIT 1 *****TICSText A “Game Theory”科技英语阅读方法“名词化结构”科技英语翻译技巧“名词化结构”Step:II. Language Points大学英语的预习好帮手… he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foresee e.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution. anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time 预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always anticipate his income. The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. (Para.4) Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other. essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thing e.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence.essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possible e.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint (椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) 椒薄荷、interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each other inter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview 等。
科技英语作业（含答案）
科技英语作业（含答案）1. It is important you to get there in time.a) that b) ofc) for d) whether2. He was lucky to escape to prison.a) being sent b) sendingc) to be sent d) sent3. He is very busy his paper. He is far too busy____ callers.a) to write/to receive b) writing/to receivec) writing/receiving d) to write/for receiving4. My younger brother couldn’t help when his toy plane fell into the river.a) to cry b) cryingc) cry d) being cried5. They are going to help the trees.a) watering b) waterc) watered d) while watering6. I remember something like that.a) his saying b) him to sayc) he said d) that he had said7. “My girl friend is in a bad mood.”“Why her some flowers?”a) not giving b) don’t givec) you don’t give d) not give8. The music was so that the audience were to death.a) boring/bored b) bored /boringc) bored /bored d) boring/boring9. He had us all through the meal.a) laugh b) laughed c) laughing d) to laugh10. The question tomorrow is whether income tax should be increased.a) to be debated b) to debatec) debated d) that it will be debated答案：1-5 CABBB 6-10 ADACA1. , they went swimming.a) Be a hot day b) It was a hot dayc) Due to a hot day d) The day being hot2. His parents , the orphan is now taken care of by the government.a) have died b) deadc) dying d) having died3. Rather than everything to the last minute, he always prefers to start early.a) to leave b) leavingc) leave d) having left4. They found the lecture hard .a) to understand b) to be understoodc) for understanding d) for being understood5. I suggest , for he has a long time to wait.a) him to sit down b) he sits downc) he sit down d) him sitting down6. Good-bye, Mr. Jones. I am pleased you.a) to meet b) meetc) to have met d) to have been meeting7. W ould you mind quiet for a moment? I’m trying___a form.a) keeping/filling out b) to keep/to fill outc) keeping/to fill out d) to keep/filling out8. I intended yesterday, but I had to attend a meeting.a) to have come b) to be comingc) to come d) that I came9. I was about the office when the telephone rang.a) leaving b) to have leftc) to leave d) to leaving10. economically, one gallon of oil will last at least two months.a) Using b) Usedc) Having used d) To be used答案：1-5 DDCAC 6-10 CCACB1. According to the time table, the train for London at seven o’clock in the evening.A. was leavingB. has leftC. leavesD. will leave2. You needn’t hurry her. She it by the time you are ready.A. will have finishedB. would finishC. will have been finishingD. will be finishing3. While Peggy , her brother is playing records.A. readsB. is readingC. has readD. has been reading4. We on it for several hours, but we have not yet reached any conclusion.A. workB. are workingC. have been workingD. have been worked5. The children many times not to go near the street.A. have toldB. toldC. have been toldD. were being told6. The new type of computer is going to the month after next.A. turn outB. be turned outC. will be turn outD. will turn out7. After being tested in many ways, this newly-designed machine will in the near future.A. be taken actionB. come to useC. be put into useD. take its place8. The team is good, but not as good as .A. oursB. usC. weD. ourselves9. Bob’s work proved than that of others.A. not much betterB. not more betterC. no more as goodD. not much as good10. I think he is than I.A. elder three yearsB. old three yearsC. three years elderD. three years older答案：1-5.CABCC 6-10.BCAAD1. We are glad to when you needed our help.A. helpB. having helped youC. have helpedD. have helped you2. The teacher their exercises.A. made the students doB. make the students doingC. have made the students doD. makes the students done3. He couldn’t hel p but when his toy car fell into the river.A. cryB. to cryC. cryingD. will cry4. Many things impossible in the past are common today.A. consideredB. to considerC. consideringD. being considered5. The noise of desks could be heard out in the street.A. being opened and closedB. be opened and closedC. opening and closingD. having opened and closed6. Never faith in himself, James Watt went on with his experiment.A. losingB. to loseC. lostD. to be lost7. There are four factories in our institute, over 100 workers.A. with each haveB. each havingC. each hasD. with each has over8. Many people favor more nuclear power plants.A. to buildB. builtC. buildD. building9. to the office was very slow this morning because of the traffic.A. To driveB. DrivingC. Being drivenD. I drove10. I would appreciate it a secret between us.A. you to keepB. that you would keepC. your keepingD. that you are keeping答案：1-5. DAAAA 6-10. ABDBCFor each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. The government has devoted a larger part of its national ______ to agriculture than most other countries.A. resourcesB. potentialC. budgetD. economy2. In western countries, it is the ___ for men to wear suits on formal occasions.A. ConvictionB. ConventionC. ConfessionD. concession3. The annual income of school teachers in this place was _________ at $ 900.A. budgeB. predictedC. accountD. assessed4. His long illness and _____________ absence put him far behind in his study.A. sequentB. consequentC. frequentD. subsequent5. If you want to learn English, you must first find a ____________ teacher.B. desirableC. competentD. significant6. Jane was the only one who _______ all the conditions: she was of the required age, height and degree.A. fulfilledB. recoveredC. appreciatedD. rejected7. We ____ his idea for a music club, and decided to have an art club instead.A. turnedB. rejectedC. acceptedD. isolated8. I appreciate ________ herself to the cause of education.A. of her devotingB. her to devoteC. her devotingD. to devote9. It is most ________ that he attends the conference.A. desirousB. desiringC. desiredD. desirable10. The neighbors let their radio blare late in night just to ______ us.A. spitB. despiteD. inspire答案：1-5 CBDBC 6-10 ABCDC11. She couldn’t hide her _______ at his foolish mistake.A. amusementB. fascinationC. HostilityD. recognition12. The publisher’s ______ of his manuscript depressed him.A. ejectionB. rejectionC. injectionD. dejection13. It is highly desirable that every effort _____to reduce pollution in Beijing.A. was madeB. be madeC. will be madeD. would be made14. He is an artist, so these economic terms are not familiar _________ him.A. withB. ofC. toD. on15. Happiness does not necessarily ________ wealth.A. go afterB. go withC. go on16. The police set a ____ to catch the thieves.A. planB. deviceC. trapD. trick17.A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _____much sharing of interests and responsibilities.A. take overB. result inC. hold onD. keep to18. Lightning in a _____of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.A. rushB. rainbowC. rackD. ribbon19. When he arrived, he found_______ the aged and the sick at home.A. none butB. none other thanC. nothing butD. no other20. The manager needs an assistant that he can ____ to take care of problems in his absence.A. count onB. count inC. count upD. count out答案：11-15 ABBCB 16-20 CBAAA。
科技英语试题及答案(新)
B、investigate
C、clarify
D、examine
D第5题Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now.本题1分
A、favorable
B、critical
A、break
B、balance
C、contaminate
D、contain
B第11题Why don’t you do something about your room—it’s really a ______.本题1分
A、hump
B、dump
C、bump
D、lump
C第12题Work has seemingly ______ into everything, including dinner parties.本题1分
A、mark
B、orbit
C、store
D、line
A第4题The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses __________ the areas in greater depth.本题1分
科技英语一套
单项选择题
第1题As parts of the world become ______, millions of people will try to migrate to more ______ areas.本题1分
A、hospitable…uninhabitable
B、uninhabitable…hospitable
八年级英语科技话题练习题50题答案解析版
八年级英语科技话题练习题50题答案解析版1.Smart phones have changed our lives a lot. We can use them to _____.A.play games and watch moviesB.do our homeworkC.fly in the skyD.swim in the river答案解析：A。
选项A“play games and watch movies”（玩游戏和看电影）是智能手机可以实现的功能。
选项B“do our homework”（（做我们的作业）一般不能直接用智能手机完成。
选项C“fly in the sky”（在天空中飞）和选项D“swim in the river”（（在河里游泳）智能手机都无法做到。
2.With the help of technology, we can communicate with people far away _____.A.by writing lettersB.by making phone callsC.by shouting loudlyD.by running fast答案解析：B。
选项B“by making phone calls”（通过打电话）是科技帮助下可以和远方的人交流的方式。
选项A“by writing letters”（通过写信）比较传统且速度慢。
选项C“by shouting loudly”（通过大声喊叫）不能和远方的人交流。
选项D“by running fast”（（通过跑得快）与和远方的人交流无关。
3.Technology makes our life more convenient. For example, we can use _____ to pay for things.A.cashB.coinsC.mobile paymentD.stones答案解析：C。
科技英语课后练习答案
科技英语课后练习答案Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processUnit 3Part 2 Reading AⅠ Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.T8.T9.F 10.FⅡGive brief answers to the following questio ns.1. Nissan will unveil a new city car ,the pixo and a battery-electric concept car2. Pixo is available with manual or automatic transmissions.3. Sales start from late spring 2009.4. The NuVu battery pack uses new laminated lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 140 wh/kg .5.There are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow.Ⅲ Match the items listed in the following two columns.1-5 j f d c g6-10 e I h b aⅣ Translate the following expressions.1.手动或自动挡2.内部设计3.薄板锂离子电池4.太阳能电池板5.头尾灯6 concept car7. Horse power8. test bed9. battery pack10. turning circleⅤTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu，预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
秦狄辉科技英语写作
With结构习题—状语 放句尾
2、表示条件 P93第6题：这个参数应该在E接地的情况下加以测量。 译：This parameter should be measured with E grounded. P93第7题：其傅氏变换可以从式（2-4）获得，只需下限用零 来替代。 译： Its Fourier transform can be obtained from Eq. (2 – 4),with the lower limit replaced by zero.
3、P94第6题：这涉及到取傅氏变换。 译： This involves taking the Fourier transfo rm.
5、P94第11题：这本书值得一读。 译：This book is worth reading.
动名词习题—动名词的被动形式
3、动名词的被动形式 P94第2题：血液能被分解成各种成分。 译文： Blood is capable of being broken down into various components.
2、with结构做定语
With结构习题—状语 放句首
1、表示条件
P93第2题：如果两个扬声器都开着，C点的声强为多大？ 译：With both speakers on, what is the intensity at C?
P94第9题：在没有输入的情况下，输出为零。 译:With no input present, the output will be zero.
With结构习题—作定语
1、P93第4题：让我们以原点为圆心做一个半径为R的圆。
译： Let us construct a circle with the origin as the center and of radius R. 2、P93第5题：圆心在原点、半径为r的圆的方程为x2 + y2= r2. 译： The equation to the circle of radius r with the center at the origin is x2 + y2= r2.
2023-2024学年人教版中考英语(写作)书面表达主题分类训练10篇-科普知识与现代技术-练习版
2023-2024学年初中书面表达主题分类训练10篇科普知识与现代技术1. 科技改变生活，发明无处不在，如computers，cars，smart phones，e-books，robots，Internet…请结合自身经历，谈谈哪一项发明对你的影响最大以及它是如何改变你的生活的。
要求：（1）词数80—100（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；（2）文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等相关信息。
Technology changes our life and inventions are around us.In my daily life，_______________________2. 假如你发明的“飞行单车”在学校科技节中获奖，被推荐参加一个国际青少年科技展览。
请用英语介绍你的发明，内容包括下图中1—4项。
“飞行单车”1. 外观：两个轮子，两只翅膀；2. 用途：行驶于地面和空中、可拍照、能对话；3. 特点：速度快、使用太阳能、环保；4. 改进计划（1～2点）。
注意：（1）参考词汇：轮子wheel 太阳能solar power ；（2）词数80左右（文章的开头己给出，不计入词数）；（3）不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分；My invention is a flying bike.________________________________________________________3. 参观博物馆可以增长知识。
假如你是王军，你的美国朋友Eric在浏览你的朋友圈时看到一张你在科技馆游览的照片，发微信想让你分享你在科技馆的所见及感受，请你写一段文字回复Eric。
内容包括：1）参观科技馆的时间；2）分享你在科技馆的所见及感受。
作文要求：1）不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。
2）语句连贯，词数80个左右。
4. 随着人工智能AI（Artificial Intelligence）技术的快速发展和Chat GPT4的问世，给人们的学习和生活带来巨大的变化。
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练习1I、在下列每个句子的空白处填上适当的冠词（如果必要的话），然后将句子译成汉语：1. There has been __an___ ever greater interest in this subject.2. The power rating is the maximum power the resistor can safely dissipate without too great __a_ rise in temperature.3. Its primary disadvantage is __an___ increase in noise.4. __The___ successful design of the equipment requires ___a__ detailed knowledge of the performance specifications.5. In __the___ Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, ___a__ single electron revolves around ___a__ single proton in a circle of radius R.6. The unit of frequency is ___the__ hertz.7. If __a___ voltage is applied across ___a__ circuit, ___an__ electric current will flow in __the___ circuit.8. ____ Fig. 5-1 shows _____ Oersted’s experiment.9. We should use ___an__ 18-volt battery here.10. ___A__ machine is __a___ device for transmitting force to accomplish ___a__ definite purpose.11. ___The__ hydraulic press will be considered in _____ Chapter 14.12.___The__ study of fluids in motion is one of _ the____ more difficult branches of mechanics because of __the___ diversity of phenomena that may occur.13. It is easy to determine __the___ value of __the___ parameter μ.14. By _____ Eq. (2-1) we have _the____ following relation.15. It is necessay to use __an___ S-shaped tube here.16. The authors work at __the___ University of Texas at _____ Arlinton.17. This is __an___ R-bit transformer.18. ___An__ XOR gate must be used here.II、将下列句子译成英语，注意正确地使用冠词：1、这是一个h参数（parameter）。
This is an h parameter.2、现在我们转向（turn to）讨论一下局域网（local area networks）。
Now let’s turn to a discussion of local area networks.3、Bainbridge 质谱仪（mass spectrometer）是与光谱仪（optical spectrometer）一样重要的仪器。
4、必需求出为使一个电子通过（travel）这一段导线（length of the wire）需要多长的时间。
It is necessary to find out how long a time it needs to ravel the length of the wire for an electron.5、物质（substance）的密度（density）是其每单位体积的质量（mass）。
The density of a substance is its mass per unit volume.6、地球的半径（radius）为6.37×106米。
106 m.7、这两个参数（parameter）是相同的。
8、压力的增加总会引起体积的减少。
An increase in pressure always causes a decrease in volume.9、图（2－5）画出了式（2－2）所表示的情况。
Fig. (2-5) shows what is expressed by Eq. (2-2).10、电感（inductance）的单位是亨利（henry）。
11、输入信号（input signal）太大会引起非线性失真（nonlinear distprtion）。
Too large an input signal can cause nonlinear distortion.12、利用斜率（slope）的定义，我们能导出（derive）表示直线（straight line）的方程。
Using the definition of slope, we can derive the equation which represents a straight line.13、f (x＋h)－f(x)这一表达式（expression）经常用在学习微积分（calculus）中。
f (x＋h)－f (x) is frequently used in the study of calculus.14、能写成以下形式的方程被称为含有一个未知数（unknown）的线性（linear）方程。
equation which can be written following form is known linear equation in one unknown.15、在计算机中，趋势是以尽可能高的时钟速率（clock rate）工作（operate）。
In a computer, the tendency is to operate at as high a clock rate as possible.16、锡（tin）的熔点（melting point）没有铅（lead）的高。
（要求使用“have as … as”句型）Tin does not have as high a melting point as lead (does).17、这个平均速度（average speed）是末速度（final speed）的一半。
18、电（electricity）可以容易地被转变成其它形式的能量。
Electricity can be easily changed into other forms of energy19、1831年，美国的约瑟夫·亨利（Joseph Henry）发现了电磁感应（electromagnetic induction）现象。
In 1831, Joseph Henry in United States discovered phenomenon of electromagnetic induction.20、计算机是有几部分组成的。
A computer consists of several parts [units].III、将下列小段内容译成英语：化学是基于需要测量像长度、体积、质量和温度这样一些量的概念之上的。
这些测量是定量的（quantitative）；也就是，它们具有与其相关的（associated with）数字。
在这一节，我们将考虑用在定量测量中的一些简单仪器。
我们还将考察（look at）用来表示这些被测的量的单位。
IV、根据所给的汉语文本，改正各英语文本中的错误：1、【汉语原文】UASMA协议采用了独特的幀结构。
【英语文本】UASMA protocol employs an unique frame structure.The UASMA protocol employs a unique frame structure.2、【汉语原文】一种双正交循环码M元扩频接收机的性能分析[这是一篇论文的标题]【英语文本】Performance analysis of a M-ary spread spectrum receiver using biorthogonal cyclic codes3、【汉语原文】最后，用这种方法设计了宽带阶梯阻抗变换器。
【英语文本】At last, broad stepped impedance transformer is designed by this method.4、【汉语原文】秘密共享系统安全性的动态分析和评估[这是一篇论文的标题]【英语文本】Dynamic analysis and evaluation of security for proactive secret sharing system5、【汉语原文】利用状态转移图，获得了系统的安全性概率。
【英语文本】With state-transition diagram, security probability of system is obtained.6、【汉语原文】该方法适用于任意形状的一维势垒。
【英语文本】The approach can be applied to one-dimensional potential barrier with arbitrary profile.7、【汉语原文】我们提出了一种基于牛顿叠代法的数值方法。
【英语文本】We propose a kind of numerical method based on the Newton’s iterative method.练习2I、将下列句子译成英语，注意正确使用并列连接词和从句引导词：1、普通的变压器（transformer）并不是理想的，所以（therefore）在其中会发生功率损耗（power loss）。
Commen transformers are not ideal; therfore, power loss acurre in them.2、这物质能吸引铁质物体（iron object），甚至能使它们磁化（magnetize）。