2019年长春理工大学英语方向考研考试大纲

长春理工大学外国语言文学专业研究生入学考试大纲英语方向考试大纲总体说明：考试时间均为180分钟，考试形式闭卷。

251二外日语或252二外俄语或253二外法语；612英语实践；821语言学与英美概况或822语言学与英美文学。

612英语实践考试大纲一、考试目的：考察学生英语基础知识包括文字、词汇、阅读理解、文章分析和翻译、写作等方面的水平和语言综合运用能力。

二、考试要求：1、能阅读较高难度的英语文章，并能把握文章中的关键词和中心思想，能概括出全文主旨；2、具备较高文章的翻译水平；3、能根据要求写出语言准确、表达得体，具有一定思想深度的文章。

三、考试题型及考试内容：本考试客观试题与主观试题相结合、单项技能测试与综合技能相结合。

第一大题：词汇本题为词汇题。

词汇量要求为8000----10000。

主要考察词汇的辨认、辨析与搭配、近义词等等，题型为四选一。

第二大题：阅读理解旨在测试考生语篇水平上的综和理解能力，获取信息的能力，概括与推理判断的能力，阅读速度以及语言的实际运用能力。

阅读材料题材广泛，包括社会，文化，科普，史地，日常生活，人物传记等内容；体裁多样，包括叙事，议论，描述，说明文体等；文章为英语专业八级考试难度。

第三大题：完型填空本题综合考查语法、词汇和篇章知识，共20道小题。

要求考生根据所给选项在短文的20个空白处选择正确选项，使之形成一篇完整的文章。

第四大题：翻译包括英译汉和汉译英。

选材多为考生比较熟悉的文化、教育、社会、政治、科技等方面的文章，也可以是文学作品或一般文章，不涉及非常专业化的内容。

评分办法为总体印象评分法，根据译文忠实原文的程度和流畅性给出一个总分。

第五大题：英语作文本题要求考生就给出的作文题目写一篇300字左右的英语作文，作文的形式为论说文，不能写成小说或诗歌。

评分办法为总体评分法，内容和语言综合考虑。

821语言学与英美概况或822语言学与英美文学考试大纲第一部分：英语语言学一、考试目的：考察学生英语语言学的基本理论知识和对英语及其它语言中一些语言现象的分析能力。

二、考试要求：1. 熟悉语言学的基本概念和基本理论;2. 具备运用相关理论分析语言现象的基本能力;三、考试题型与考试内容:本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合的方法，包括填空、单选、名词解释、分析题、简答题考试内容：（供参考）1. IntroductionDefinition of language; properties and design features of language; definition of linguistics; scope of linguistics; some important distinctions in linguistics: traditional vs modern linguistics; descriptive vs prescriptive grammar; langue vs parole; competence vs performance; synchronic vs diachronic linguistics; speech vs writing; functions of language(s).2. Phonetics and PhonologyDefinition of phonetics; organs of speech; place and manners of articulation; broad and narrow transcriptions; classification of English vowels and consonants; definition of phonology; phone, phoneme, and allophone; phonemic contrast, complementary distribution, distinctive features; minimal pair and sets; some rules in phonology like sequential rules, assimilation rules, and deletion rules; suprasegmental features.3. MorphologyDefinition of morphology; free and bound morphemes; derivational vs and inflectional morphones; morphological rules; morphs and allomorphs; ways of word-formation.4. SyntaxWord classes; paradigmatic relation and syntagmatic relation; immediate constituent analysis; endocentric construction and exocentric construction; transformational generative grammar; systemic functional grammar; labeled and bracketed sentences; syntactic movement and movement rules; general principles and parameters of Universal Grammar; deep and surface structure; recursiveness; labeled tree diagrams.5. SemanticsDefinition of semantics; some views concerning the study of meaning; semantic triangle; sense and reference; seven types of meaning; semantic field; major sense relations of words; major sense relations of sentences; componential analysis; predication analysis.6. PragmaticsDefinition of pragmatics; context; sentence meaning versus utterance meaning; speech act theory; principles of conversation; cooperative principle and its maxims; conversational implicatures; politeness principle; deixis; conversational analysis.7. Socio-linguistics / Language and SocietySpeech community and speech variety; regional and social dialects; idiolect; register; standard and non-standard language; lingua franca, pidgins, and creoles; diglossia and bilingualism; slang, linguistic taboo, and euphemism; code switching. 8. Language and CultureRelationship of language and culture; Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; understanding the relationship between language and thought.9. Historical LinguisticsThe purpose and significance of historical linguistics; the nature and causes of language change; major periods in the history of English; linguistic change of English; language family10. First and Second Language AcquisitionLanguage learning and language acquisition; the stages of first language acquisition; language transfer; interlanguage and fossilization; contrastive analysis, error analysis; comprehensive input; critical period hypothesis; individual learner factors四、参考书目:1.《新编简明英语语言学教程》(第二版)，戴炜栋，上海：上海外语教育出版社。

第二部分：“英美概况”一、考试目的：考察学生的综合人文素质及语言使用情况。

二、考试要求：要求考生掌握英美国家的基本概况，包括地理、历史、社会、政治经济、文化传统及语言的使用等诸方面的情况。

三、考试题型和考试内容1．填空题：本题一般针对英美国家概况中的知识点，主要考察考生对英美国家的社会、历史、政治、经济、文化等方面的常识的把握情况。

2．名词解释：本题考察考生对英美国家概况中的重要历史事件、重要运动、重要概念等方面的准确把握。

3．简答题：要求考生对英美国家的政治制度、历史发展或者社会变革等方面的重要问题进行阐述。

考试内容（供参考）BritainSection One The Country and the People1.Full name and four countries of Britain.2.Topography of Britain: highland zone and lowland zone2.1The highest point: Ben Nevis2.2The Backbone of England: The Pennines3.Climate and Weather3.1Mild and changeable3.2Factors influencing climate and weather4.Inland Water4.1Thames River4.2Lake District5.People and languages:5.1the native Celts, Celtic language5.2Anglo-Saxons, English.5.3The development of English: three major periods (Old English, Middle English,Modern English)6.Religion6.1The Holy Bible: Old Testament, New Testament6.2Established churches: Church of England (Anglican Church) and Church ofScotland (Presbyterian)Section Two The British Government1.Constitutional monarchy: the monarch reigns, but does not rule.2.The Monarch2.1 Function of the monarch2.2 Significance of the monarch2.3 Royal palaces3.Parliament: legislative branch3.1The structure of the ParliamentThe House of Lords and noble titlesThe House of Commons3.2 The function of the Parliament4. The government: executive branch4.1 Parliamentary government4.2 Three-tier system of the British governmentSection Three Politics and Law1. Two-party system1.1 Conservative party1.2 Labor party2. Elections: parliamentary election3. Elements of the British law4. Legal profession: barristers and solicitorsSection Four National economy and Cities1. Economic system and structure2. British Disease and Thatcher’s prescription3. Main industries in Britain4. The capital city of Scotland, England, Wales and Northern IrelandSection Five cultural and Social Life1.Class structure: upper, middle and working class2.Newspaper in Britain: quality paper and tabloid papercation:3.1Compulsory education3.2Secondary education: public schools, grammar schools, secondary modern schoolsand comprehensive secondary schools3.3GCSE and A Level3.4Higher education: Oxbridge, Open University4.Britain as a welfare state (from-cradle-to-grave social welfare program)4.1NHS4.2Social security program4.3Personal social serviceHistory1. Origin of the English Nation1.1The native Celts: Stonehenge & Celtic language1.2The Roman invasion1.3The Anglo-Saxons Conquest: Heptarchy1.4The Norman Conquest (1066)2. The Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament2.1 Henry II’s Reforms: The Reform of Administration and Justice2.2 King John and the Great Charter2.3 Beginning of Parliament3. Decline of Feudalism in England3.1 The Hundred Years’ War.3.2 The Black Death3.3 The peasant uprising3.4 The Wars of the Roses4. The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising Bourgeoisie4.1 Henry VIII and reform of the church4.2 Golden age of Elizabeth I4.3 Renaissance5．Bourgeois Revolution5.1 James I: Gunpowder plot, King James Bible, Jamestown, Mayflower Journey 5.2 Charles I: the short Parliament and the long Parliament5.3 Cromwell: New Model Army, Lord Protector5.4 Glorious Revolution in 16886. The Industrial Revolution and Chartist Movement6.1 Background of the Industrial Revolution:6.2 Process of the Industrial Revolution6.3 Influence of the Industrial Revolution6.4 The Chartist Movement6.5 Victoria Age7. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire7.1 Foreign expansion7.2 British empire7.3 British CommonwealthAmericaSection One The United States and Its Natural Conditionss and position2.Topography: the Appalachians & the Rockies3.Rivers and lakesMississippi RiverRio Grande RiverPotomac RiverThe Great LakesSection Two American People1. The composition of the population2. The Indians3. Immigration into America4. Melting pot & MosaicSection Three Government and Politics1. Three government principles2. Separation of power2.1The legislative branchMain functions of CongressThe SenateThe House of Representatives2.2. The executive branchPowers of the U.S. presidentGeneral election: the winner-gets-all policy2.3. The judicial branch3. comment on check and balance systemSection Four National Economy1.Factors contributing to the development of American industries2.Economic system3.Types of businesses4.Main industriesSection Five Culture and Holidays1. Traditional American values and beliefs2. Holidays and Festivals3. American education4. Social welfareHistorySection One Native Indians and the Thirteen English-American Colonies1. Contribution of Christopher Columbus2.Founding of coloniesthree kinds of coloniesJamestown in 1607Plymouth in 1620Mayflower CompactSection Two The War of Independence1. Causes and consequences of the French and Indian War2. The First Continental Congress3. The Second Continental Congress4. Contents and significance of the Declaration of IndependenceSection Three Founding of the American Constitution and the WashingtonAdministration1.The Constitutional Convention2.The American Constitution3.The Bill of RightsSection Four America During the First Half of the 19th Century----an Era of Expansion1.Contributions made by Thomas Jefferson2.Causes and effects of the Second War with England3.Causes and effects of the Mexican WarSection Five The Civil War1. Conflicts arising from the slavery2.Significance of the Emancipation Proclamation3.Effects of the Civil WarSection Six The United States After the Civil War1.Situation after the Civil War2.Monopoly businesses3.Social Reforms4.The war with SpainSection Seven America During and After World War I1.America’s entry into the First World War2.New Culture3.The Lost Generation4.The Great Depression5.New DealSection Eight America During and After World War II1.America’s entry into the War2.Cold War3.Beat Generation4.Vietnam War5.War against terrorism四、参考书目：《新编英美概况》，来安方，郑州：河南人民出版社。